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An extensive concentration of heavy metals in our environment creates a harmful impact on living organisms, including microorganisms. Regardless of exploring the remediation potential of bacteria, their corresponding changes have not been extensively examined, which might be crucial before promoting bioremediation technology. The present study aimed to determine the effects of both essential (Cu) and nonessential (Pb) heavy metals on the bioactivity of a ubiquitous bacterium Bacillus sp., to gain knowledge about the adaptive mechanisms the strain has developed to withstand exposure to these metals. Bacterial adaptation is related to the formation of biofilm and the production of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) along with other tactics that assist in the survival of bacteria. When Bacillus sp. was cultured with Cu and Pb, changes in its bioactive characteristics were observed, such as a significant reduction in biofilm formation by 30.13% compared to the initial value. Moreover, the output of EPS by the bacterial strain in the presence of Pb increased to 0.782 mg/mL compared to the control condition, where no EPS was formed. In the presence of Cu, a low concentration of EPS (0.103 mg/mL) was detected. Moreover, the bacterial strain demonstrated adapted resistance to 6 out of 11 tested antibiotics, where the strain transformed from intermediate sensitivity to being susceptible to doxycycline, chloramphenicol, and gentamycin. Finally, the Cu‐ and Pb‐degrading capacity of the bacterium was scrutinized using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer, where the bacterium exhibited significant degradation rates, breaking down 14.49% of Cu and 37.30% of Pb within 7 days. This research revealed the adaptability of the bacterial strain to survive in the presence of Cu and Pb while degrading them, by changing its bioactive properties, through the downregulation of biofilm formation, the productivity of EPS, and the heavy metal degradation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-ion battery recycling includes discharging and processing exhausted batteries to recover valuable metals for reuse in new battery production. The improper disposal of e-waste draws attention to the possibility of reprocessing used lithium-ion batteries to make progress in recovering valuable metals. In this study, using biodegradable mixed organic acids, valuable metals were extracted from used batteries by a hydrometallurgical process under optimal conditions such as a stirring speed of 200 rpm, mixed acid concentration of ascorbic acid/citric acid (AA/CA) of 50:50 mM, temperature of 50 °C, time of 50 min, and slurry density of 20 g/L. Kinetic studies verified that the apparent activation energies, 43.6, 70.5, 49.8, 60.6, 45, and 6 kJ/mol, and surface chemical reactions controlled the leaching process for Li, Mn, Co, Ni, and Cu from cathode powder obtained from used LIBs. XRD and FT-IR confirmed the crystalline nature of the cathode powder. UV–visible spectra showed a Co(II) complex with λmax at 380 nm by reduction of the Co(III) complex. Lithium was recovered by LiF and as MnO2 using ammonium persulfate. Our efforts aimed to recover it through an economical and environmentally friendly approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Science & Engineering / Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Science & Literature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are prohibited by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) since 2008. Similarly, to anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), SARMs are detrimental to health not only in athletes but also in the general population. However, studies of the occurrence of SARMs outside of sport are scarce. Swedish healthcare samples from the Drugs of Abuse Laboratory at Karolinska were analyzed using WADA‐accredited screening methods at the Doping Control Laboratory in Stockholm to estimate the frequency of SARM use outside of the WADA laboratories. Twenty (4%) of the male urine samples (n = 542) were positive for SARMs, whereas none of the analyzed female samples (n = 100) contained any SARMs. The top three SARMs found were LGD‐4033 followed by RAD140 and ostarine. Two or more SARMs were found in >50% of the SARM‐positive samples. AASs were identified in 40% of samples containing SARMs. A difference between genders was observed where 34% male and 7% female samples contained AAS. Many samples displayed testosterone/epitestosterone values indicative of testosterone intake, without presence of other AAS, and hence, there is a risk that these samples are being falsely reported as negative. Our results indicate that SARM use might be a concern outside of sport. Subsequently, in addition to AAS, the healthcare system should also be informed about SARM abuse and the associated adverse side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Fourier Transform Infrared technique was utilized to measure the infrared spectra of bone and dung chars at ambient temperature. The spectra of the investigated char samples showed some notable similarities, suggesting that the compounds have functional groups which display bands at similar wavenumbers in IR spectrum. Additionally, correlations between the chars and the terra preta soils were found. This implies that the investigated biochars and the terra preta soils share comparable characteristics. Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy showed the existence of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and oxygen in the bone char which are classified as macronutrients. In addition, the bone char contained two micronutrients (nickel and chlorine) and one non-essential nutrient (sodium). The dung char was constituted with all the macronutrients found in the bone char and in addition it had traces of sulfur which is also a macronutrient. Iron, manganese and chlorine were present in the dung char as micronutrients. There was also the presence of sodium and aluminum which are classified as non-essential nutrients. Zinc which is also fundamental in soil fertility was detected using Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy in all the chars. Both the samples are alkaline with pHs ranging between 9 and 11. The results of this research will be useful in determining which biochars are best suited for production of synthetic fertilizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan is the property of Brawijaya University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Indonesia, eggplant is a favored vegetable with substantial production. The main objective of this study is to investigate the level of safety of eggplants marketed in traditional wholesale markets in Pontianak City against possible contamination of the heavy metals cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), which are commonly discovered in water waste, vehicle exhaust, and excessive pesticide and fertilizer use. Alizarin Red S for Cd metal and Dithizon for Pb metal were used in qualitative assays. Cd and Pb levels were measures using an Atomic Absorption Spechtrophotometer (AAS) instrument. The analytical method has been verified for linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, and limit of quantification. The qualitative test results showed that all samples had positive results for Cd and Pb. The quantitative test results revealed that the Cd and Pb metal contents in the FB (Flamboyan) sample were 0.056 mg/kg and 3.5066 mg/kg, consequently, while they were 0.0986 mg/kg and 3.957 mg/kg, consequently, in the PR (Puring) sample. In keeping with BPOM standard No. 5 of 2018, Cd metal levels in FB samples are at a safe threshold, while Cd metal levels in PR samples and Pb metal levels in FB and PR samples exceed the maximum thresholds that have been set.

Several EU initiatives focused on renewable energy, sustainable infrastructure and green transport require a sustainable supply of a wide range of raw materials. The increase in the population and, implicitly, the increasing demand for necessary resources led to accelerated degradation of the environment, a pressing issue which the contemporary world faces. The mining activities produced huge amounts of waste, which may now become a potential secondary raw materials source that offer the potential to extract critical mineral elements of current interest. This study is intended as a historical literature data processing combined with recent analyses according to modern test methods to confirm the presence of selected critical raw materials (CRMs). The aim of the work was an integrated approach to identify the presence of Ga, In, Ge, Bi, Co and Te in ore, ore concentrates, tailing ponds and ore dumps from some Romanian historical mining regions: Apuseni Mountains (5 deposits) and the northern part of the Eastern Carpathians (Baia Mare area 2 deposits and Fundu Moldovei area 1 deposit). The consulted literature data highlighted that the tailing ponds and dumps from Romania contain a noticeable quantity of secondary resources of critical elements, respectively, an average of 2172 mg/kg Bi, 1737 mg/kg Co, 691 mg/kg Ga, 667 mg/kg In, 74 mg/kg Ge and 108 mg/kg Te in ore and 1331 mg/kg Ga, 1093 mg/kg Co, 180 mg/kg Bi, 72 mg/kg In and 35 mg/kg Ge in tailings. The overall statistics for the 2008–2018 period show a decrease in the amount of hazardous waste produced by the extractive industry in Romania. The older literature data (from about 50 years ago) for the investigated deposits was confirmed by the laboratory analysis of selected CRMs from several samples collected from known former and current mining activities. Furthermore, the optical microscopy investigations coupled with modern electronic microscopy and quantitative and semi-quantitative techniques have provided further details regarding the sample nature and constituents. High levels of Bi (35,490 mg/kg) and Sb (15,930 mg/kg) were determined in samples from Băița Bihor and Coranda-Hondol ore deposits (Apuseni Mountains), and the presence of some rare elements such as Te was also detected. The recovery of critical elements present in the mining waste significantly contributes to the transition to a circular economy that is essential for the development of a sustainable and resource-efficient economy. This study enables future research focused on the recovery of critical elements present in the mining waste, with benefits for the environment, economy and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quantities of the essential elements copper and zinc through food were determined by two methods: 1. examination of 54 food products from the groups in one “consumer basket”, and calculation according to their representation in a meal; and 2. examination of a full-day meal. No difference has been observed in the determined daily intake for copper 1.388 (1.352) mg Cu/day, in relation to the recommended 1.3 mg Cu/day, and an insignificant difference has been observed in relation to a reduced daily intake for zinc 9.496 (10.248) mg Zn/day regarding the recommended 10.0-11.0 mg Zn/day; however, all this was within the limits of the reference data. The results obtained with the two methods for determining the daily intake of the elements of interest thorough food in the Army of the Republic of North Macedonia are equal. Hence, the choice of a method for determining the daily intake could be reduced to the selection of the second method (analysis of duplicate meals from a full-day meal) as a cheaper and faster method in contrast to the first method, which is very detailed, but takes a long time and is incomparably more expensive because it examines each food represented in the recipe for preparing all meals during the examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractBioremediation is used to remove toxic environmental waste to nontoxic waste from polluted environment. Bioremediation is the waste management technique with help of isolated microbial stains to neutralize the pollutants from contaminated sites. The primary objective of this study is to find the metal tolerance and biosorption capacity of two microbes isolated that is, Bacillus subtilis and Deinococcus radiouranus in the removal of heavy Metals (Zn, Pb, and Mg). Metal tolerance test was done by using MIC test. The soil sample was taken out from the different intervals of time and analyzed by AAS. Bio-sorption of Bacillus was slightly higher than the bio-sorption of D. radiouranus. Bacillus was able to accumulate 99.39% of Zn, 67.63% of Mg and 99.98% of Pb from the contaminated soil. The Deinococcus was able to accumulate 97.21% of Zn, 79.77% of Mg and 99.9% of Pb from the contaminated soil. Bacillus was more efficient in the removal of Zn and Pb whereas D. radiouranus was more helpful in the removal of Mg but slightly less accumulated Zn and Pb compared to Bacillus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolving prevalence of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) abuse among nonathletes is alarming because of the known harm to an individual's health. Among the adverse effects of AAS abuse, male infertility and sexual dysfunction have been often reported in the literature, but little is known regarding its actual prevalence, possible underpinning mechanisms, and potential treatments either during or post-AAS usage. Thus, the current narrative review summarizes the state-of-art regarding the effects of AAS on male fertility and sexual function. Evidence was gathered from the latest reviews and recent original studies, specifically from prospective cohorts and clinical trials, ultimately resulting in five main topics of discussion. First, AAS usage is briefly characterized by its historical background, main physiological mechanisms, and the most frequently used AAS substances. Second, data on the prevalence of AAS-induced male infertility and sexual dysfunction are described. Third, some new insights on possible underpinning mechanisms of AAS-induced male infertility and sexual dysfunction are thoroughly discussed, with particular attention to histological data derived from animal models and the latest insights from prospective cohorts in humans. Fourth, the potential treatments during and after the AAS usage are presented, highlighting the odds of resolving male infertility and sexual dysfunction. Fifth, future directions on this topic are discussed, focusing on the methodological robustness of scientific studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Khat (Catha edulis Forsk) is a stimulant plant grown in East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Heavy metal pollution has been a global concern due to its acute and chronic health effects and the major route of exposure is the consumption of contaminated foods. In this study, the determination and health risk assessment of heavy metals (Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cd, and Pb) in khat and its support soil samples was carried out. Materials and Methods: Khat and its support soil were analyzed for the levels of 7 toxic heavy metals by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Samples were randomly collected from 3 districts of khat farming kebeles and digested using mixture of strong acids. Results: The concentrations (mg/kg) of analytes in soil and khat samples were: Cu (6.78-35.80); Zn (24.30-199.02); Mn (7.59-1855.40); Ni (6.37-64.80); Cr (0.82-169.20); Cd (14.2-38.8), and Pb (ND). Among the analyzed heavy metals in soil, Mn was with the highest concentration, followed by Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Cd while that of Zn was the maximum followed by Cu, Mn, and Cr in khat. The levels of Zn, Cr, and Cd in soil samples from all study sites and detected concentrations of Cr in khat samples exceeded the recommended FAO/WHO levels. Conclusion: The hazard index (HI) of metals in khat from study areas was less than 1 indicating a less likelihood of non-carcinogenic toxicological health effects. However, the presence of these toxic chemicals in soil and khat indicates product contamination and needs extensive further investigation involving other heavy metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assesses the degree of trace metal translocation from the coal matrix (lignite) into slag and ash for the following metals: Hg, Pb, Ni, and Cd. Stored in heaps in the soil and plants from the local residential environment, near the power plant. Analysis of trace metals in the multicomponent sample was carried out by AAS. Within the coal, ash, and slag samples, as well as in the vegetation and soil surrounding the power plant's sphere of impact, heavy metals were discovered. For filter ash, RE Meiji ?1 (Ni and Cd) and RE Meiji < 1 (Pb and Hg) indicate the enhanced metal level in the residues. Both Pb and Ni levels in the soil are higher than average, and Pb levels are also beyond the warning threshold for sensitive soils near garbage disposal (70.20 mg.Kg-1). The translocation factor (TF) indicates that the presence of heavy metals in soil and plants pushes Cd and Hg over the bioaccumulation reference value (Khan) of 0.5 and individual carcinogenic risk for Pb Ni Cd estimated at levels of: 10-7; 10-6; 10-5 relative to the WHO reference limit of 10-6: it estimates a potential food safety risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The assessment of the extraction yield and nutritional content of Boswellia carterii extracts, including vitamins and trace elements, is significant. Objective: The study aims to identify phytochemical compounds present, and concluding on the plant’s potential health benefits and dietary contributions. Methods: The present study was conducted to extract the vitamins, trace elements and phytochemical constituents of Boswellia carterii leaves extracts using distilled water, ETOH (99%), and Ethylacetate by soxhlet. The yield of extracts was (18.361g/100g distilled water) while (29.322g/100g ETOH) and the Ethylacetate was found to be (27. 312g/100g). Different types of vitamins were estimated in all extracts utilizing HPLC. Results: Vitamins showed interesting results by revealing (A, B6, and B12). Vita. B12 is the most abundant in Alcohol extract, whereas vita. B12 is the most abundant in aqueous extract, and vita. B12 is the most abundant in ethyl acetate compared with vitamin A, and B6. These findings call for more research into the vitamins in Boswellia carterii and their antioxidant relevance in therapeutic herbal medicine. Different metal ions were measured using FAAS (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn). The results of the qualitative detection of all extracts indicated the existence of Alkaloids, Steroids, Terpenes, Phenols, Carbohydrates, Glycosides, Proteins, Saponins, Tannins, and Flavonoids. Conclusions: The results of the qualitative detection of all extracts indicated the existence of Alkaloids, Steroids, Terpenes, Phenols, Carbohydrates, Glycosides, Proteins, Saponins, Tannins, and Flavonoids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc (Zn) is essential for optimal plant growth and nutrition, while zinc-solubilizing bacteria (ZSB) enhance plant accessibility to zinc by converting its insoluble forms into usable ones. The primary objective of this research was to isolate and identify Zn-solubilizing strains from the onion rhizosphere and evaluate their ability to solubilize different insoluble Zn compounds, including ZnO, ZnCO3, and Zn3(PO4)2. Of the nineteen bacterial isolates retrieved, fifteen demonstrated the ability to solubilize inorganic Zn compounds based on plate assay techniques. The Zn-solubilizing bacterial strains, selected for their qualitative properties, underwent quantitative testing in broth culture using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) and Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (FE-SEM-EDS). Seven bacterial isolates with a high capacity to solubilize Zn were identified based on 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequence analysis. These isolates were affiliated with Pantoea eucrina, Pantoea dispersa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus velezensis, and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Notably, this study is the first to report the potential of Pantoea eucrina as a ZSB. The strain Pantoea eucrina ZSC9 exhibited the maximum Zn solubilization index (8.85) and the highest soluble Zn content (624 mg L−1) among the three insoluble Zn compounds, with ZnO being the most effectively solubilized on the 10th day of incubation in ZnO-enriched basal medium. All bacterial isolates were more effective at solubilizing ZnO than ZnCO3 and Zn3(PO4)2, and this solubilization led to a significant drop in the pH of the broth. Pantoea eucrina ZSC9 showed the maximum pH reduction (3.82) in a ZnO-supplemented medium, indicating a negative correlation between broth pH and Zn solubilization. Seven selected ZSB strains were assessed for their potential to enhance onion growth under pot house conditions. The results showed that inoculating onion seedlings with these ZSB strains significantly improved their growth. Among the strains tested, ZSC9, ZSC10, and ZSC17 were the most effective, enhancing growth attributes such as plant height, bulb diameter, fresh and dry weight of bulbs, Zn uptake by the plant, and overall bulb yield compared to other strains. These findings suggest that these ZSB isolates have great potential as biofertilizers to enhance plant growth and development.

Heavy metal pollution due to globalization becomes the incurable hazardous problem for the agriculture productivity is due to industrialization with increased population. In this article impact of stress caused by heavy metals on shoot and root development along with phytoaccumulation was studied. The heavy metals cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni) are taken at varying concentrations ranging from 0 to 250 ppm, while cadmium concentrations ranged from 0 to 50 ppm. The findings revealed that seed germination and plant growth were impacted due to higher percentages of these metals under study. Among them copper, nickel, lead and cadmium exhibited the most pronounced effects on chlorophyll content, root and shoot growth as well as on seed germination, moreover, the physiological analysis indicated that increasing heavy metal concentrations induced greater stress, resulting in decreased chlorophyll content and elevated proline levels, underscoring the significant impact of stress caused by heavy metals on the growth of plants. Delayed germination and growth were observed across all replicates with increased concentrations of all tested heavy metals. Despite zinc being an essential nutrient for plant growth, it was noted that it exhibited a positive effect on chlorophyll content and stimulated the production of fibrous roots, although growth was delayed at higher concentrations. The phytoaccumulation of heavy metals was analysed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) to quantify the absorption of heavy metals by seedlings, thereby assessing the accumulation or evaporation of heavy metals.

Former solid waste disposal at Talang Gulo TPA Jambi City implements a waste management system using a controlled landfill. Leachate and rainwater absorb into the soil and accumulate to become polluted groundwater. Furthermore, the polluted water flows into the dug well water and can reduce the quality of the dug well water. The aim of this study is to determine the heavy metal pollution index of residents' dug well water and the influence of the distance between the ex-TPA and dug well water. This research method is purposive sampling based on the distance of heavy metal sample points, namely 70 m, 230 m and 300 m. Sample analysis used an Atomic Absorption Spectrophometer (AAS) in the laboratory. The results were classed and indexed (C/P), the groundwater was very lightly contaminated with Cd (

The Autodetermination At School (AAS) hetero-evaluative scale was created and validated in a French teacher population with the aim of quantifying, in an ecological way, the commitment at school of elementary students. After establishing the scale’s face validity, AAS was tested with an exploratory factor analysis, a confirmatory factor analysis, a convergent validity analysis, a test–retest analysis and an inter-individual analysis. The EFA highlighted three distinct factors and the CFA validated the reliability of a three-factor model for AAS with relevant fits and indices. The first dimension concerns teacher perception of academic commitment, reflecting both child performance and autonomous motivation. The second and third ones reflect teacher perception of the child’s social commitment, to their peers as well as to their teacher. Consequently, AAS is a useful, reliable and robust psychometric instrument that emphases how intrinsic motivation and performance are closely linked. It also considers the importance of social child commitment at school. The inter-individual analysis revealed trends of grade, gender and school environment effects.

Green synthesis of four novel nonionic polymeric surfactants: from the recycled product of poly (ethylene terephthalate) plastic waste for application in corrosion protection of carbon steel. In this respect, PET waste was subjected to aminolysis and glycolysis via a reaction with Trimethylenediamine (TEDA) and Tri ethylene glycol (TEG) in the presence of suitable catalysts. The prepared materials were characterized by FT-IR, 1HNMR, and elemental analysis. It was evaluated as a corrosion inhibitor for steel (type-X60) used in the petroleum industry in the marine environment. Chemical, analytical, and electrochemical techniques were used for the evaluation of the corrosion inhibition efficiency of the prepared polymeric surfactants. The effect of concentration and temperature was studied. The maximum inhibition efficiency (IE) of 96% at an inhibitor concentration of 200 ppm and a temperature of 303 K. The glycoside and amide products were compared, the efficiency of amide products (96%) was higher than the efficiency of glycoside products (91%). According to potentiodynamic polarization data, the prepared surfactant boosts polarization resistance and inhibition performance by adsorbing on the metal/electrolyte interface. The surface morphology of steel was examined using SEM. A protective coating of inhibitor molecules forms on the steel surface.

This comprehensive review investigates the dynamic landscape of trace elemental analysis methodologies applied to plants and food-based extracts. The exploration spans from the inception of techniques to the latest procedures, contributing to heightened precision and sensitivity in elemental detection. According to the WHO, herbal plants and medicine from varied soil compositions serve as crucial therapeutic agents for 70–80 % of the world's population. Yet, their susceptibility to trace element toxicity poses a significant risk to human health. Rising population and increased food demands have led to environmental pollution, contaminating the food chain through unintended activities like industrialization, mining, and pesticide production. The elemental composition of plants and derived extracts is central to comprehending nutritional profiles, evaluating product quality, and ensuring food safety. Methodological advancements, progressing from manual procedures to sophisticated technologies such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF), neutron activation analysis (NAA), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP OES), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), are delineated. Recent strides in paper-based electrochemical sensors are highlighted for their distinctive capabilities and elucidation of associated advantages and limitations.Moreover, the review delves into innovative sample preparation methodologies, encompassing microwave-assisted digestion and solid-phase microextraction, to amplify the efficiency of elemental extraction and subsequent analysis. Integrating data analytics and machine learning in elucidating complex elementary datasets is explored, underscoring the potential for heightened accuracy and automation in trace elemental analysis. This review compiles literature data, summarizing sample preparation methods for various herbal parts (roots, soil, stems, bark, fruits, food). Standard protocols from WHO, United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary (USP-FR), Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy (AYUSH) are considered. Lead, Cadmium, Mercury, and Arsenic are the primary toxic elements of concern in herbal medicines. This review furnishes valuable insights tailored for researchers, analysts, and policymakers actively involved in advancing the domain of trace elemental analysis in plants and food-based extract.

Purpose Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are used for their aesthetic and performance-enhancing effects and are associated with physical and psychological side effects. Behavioural changes/side effects as mood swings, aggressiveness, depression, potency problems, anxiety, and emotional coldness have been reported by next of kin to people using AAS. Methods This phenomenological study is based on the reflective lifeworld research approach. Interviews were conducted with twelve next of kin about their experiences of living close to persons using AAS. Results Next of kin to persons using AAS are particularly vulnerable because they experience little opportunity to influence their situation. Their given and safe context is lost, and their lives are circumscribed by feelings of insecurity, fear, powerlessness, and grief. Feelings of loneliness develop when their problems are not noticed by others and support is lacking from family and society. Conclusions Our research adds important knowledge on how the use of AAS affects next of kin. Understanding is required to approach the lifeworld of next of kin with flexibility and empathy in their difficulties and vulnerability. Healthcare professionals and other concerned professions need to be aware of next of kin existential needs to be able to meet and support them in their life situation.

Feasibility checking is a step in manufacturing system engineering for verifying the normalization and effectiveness of a manufacturing system associated with a specific configuration of resources and processes. It enables factory operators to predict problems before operational time, thus preventing equipment and machinery accidents and reducing labor waste in physically organizing the shop floor. In Industry 4.0, feasibility checking becomes even more critical since emerging challenges, such as mass personalization, require reconfiguring work cells quickly and flexibly on demand. Regarding this need, digital twin technologies have emerged as an ideal candidate for practicing feasibility checking. Indeed, they are tools used to implement digital representations of manufacturing entities that can constitute a digital environment and context. Factory operators can test a manufacturing process within a digital environment in different contexts before the execution with physical resources. This approach currently receives significant attention from the manufacturing community; however, there is still a lack of sharing experiences to implement it. Thus, this paper contributes a methodology to engineer a digital environment and context for a manufacturing work cell using AAS digital twins and physics-based 3D digital twins technologies. Technically, this methodology is a specific case of N-DTs, a general methodology for engineering heterogeneous digital twins. The product assembly line case study, also presented in this paper, is a successful experiment applying the above contributions. The two methodologies and the case study can be helpful references for both public and private sectors to deploy their feasibility-checking frameworks and deal with heterogeneous digital twins in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anabolic–androgenic steroids (AASs) and other image and performance enhancing drugs (IPEDs) are controlled by governments and sport institutions such as the World Anti‐doping Agency (WADA). Although elite athletes and professional bodybuilders are the most visible AAS abusers, the introduction of the internet has increased the accessibility of AASs, with use being observed among recreational gym goers at increasing prevalence. Despite reported increase in use, routine analysis for these substances is uncommon, with many forensic laboratories opting to outsource AAS analysis. This review collates information regarding the extraction and analysis of AASs from various biological matrices with the considered purpose of providing a reference for the development of AAS methods to allow for routine detection by forensic laboratories. This article is categorized under:Toxicology > in SportToxicology > Analytical [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Autodetermination At School (AAS) hetero-evaluative scale was created and validated in a French teacher population with the aim of quantifying, in an ecological way, the commitment at school of elementary students. After establishing the scale's face validity, AAS was tested with an exploratory factor analysis, a confirmatory factor analysis, a convergent validity analysis, a test–retest analysis and an inter-individual analysis. The EFA highlighted three distinct factors and the CFA validated the reliability of a three-factor model for AAS with relevant fits and indices. The first dimension concerns teacher perception of academic commitment, reflecting both child performance and autonomous motivation. The second and third ones reflect teacher perception of the child's social commitment, to their peers as well as to their teacher. Consequently, AAS is a useful, reliable and robust psychometric instrument that emphases how intrinsic motivation and performance are closely linked. It also considers the importance of social child commitment at school. The inter-individual analysis revealed trends of grade, gender and school environment effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel mixed natural coagulant has been developed to remove sewage pollutants and heavy metals from Qanat- al- Jayesh by using low cost adsorbent natural materials. In these materials, significant interaction contains Arabic gum mixed with extracted silica from rice husk ash (natural coagulants) by the Batch device approach, using two variables, pH values ranging from 5-8 and contact times between 0.25-5 hrs. All wastewater samples were collected after treatment by adsorbents and examined for determination of residual heavy metal concentrations: Pb, Ni, Zn and Cu by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), turbidity, pH, total dissolved salts (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC) and total salinity (TS). The results obtained indicate The coagulation process' highest level of effectiveness was 95.2% for gumsilica composite with the weight 8 gm for reducing turbidity. In comparison, The coagulation process's least effective efficiency was 80.6%, with the weight 4 gm of gum-silica composite. On the other pH values, Turbidity, TDS, TS, and EC were reduced in the waste water sample after being treated by gum-silica composite under standard water values. This mixture can be used to remove heavy water pollutants during treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The assessment of the extraction yield and nutritional content of Boswellia carterii extracts, including vitamins and trace elements, is significant. Objective: The study aims to identify phytochemical compounds present, and concluding on the plant’s potential health benefits and dietary contributions. Methods: The present study was conducted to extract the vitamins, trace elements and phytochemical constituents of Boswellia carterii leaves extracts using distilled water, ETOH (99%), and Ethylacetate by soxhlet. The yield of extracts was (18.361g/100g distilled water) while (29.322g/100g ETOH) and the Ethylacetate was found to be (27. 312g/100g). Different types of vitamins were estimated in all extracts utilizing HPLC. Results: Vitamins showed interesting results by revealing (A, B6, and B12). Vita. B12 is the most abundant in Alcohol extract, whereas vita. B12 is the most abundant in aqueous extract, and vita. B12 is the most abundant in ethylacetate compared with vitamin A, and B6. These findings call for more research into the vitamins in Boswellia carterii and their antioxidant relevance in therapeutic herbal medicine. Different metal ions were measured using FAAS (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn). The results of the qualitative detection of all extracts indicated the existence of Alkaloids, Steroids, Terpenes, Phenols, Carbohydrates, Glycosides, Proteins, Saponins, Tannins, and Flavonoids. Conclusions: The results of the qualitative detection of all extracts indicated the existence of Alkaloids, Steroids, Terpenes, Phenols, Carbohydrates, Glycosides, Proteins, Saponins, Tannins, and Flavonoids.

Background: Lipstick is one of the widely used cosmetic items that are produced from both natural and processed materials and they are one of the sources of metals and metalloids released among the users. This study measured concentrations of Pb, Cd and Cr in some brands of Nigerian lipstick products and assessed their probable health risks to the users. Methods: A total of twenty (L1 - L20) brands of lipstick products were purchased from the central cosmetic stores and the samples were prepared, digested and concentrations of Pb, Cd and Cr were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). The probable health risk was assessed via average daily dose (ADD) by ingestion route, hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI), cancer risks (CR), and relative intake index (RII). Results: The ranges of concentrations of Pb, Cd and Cr were 5.6 - 25.1, 2.5 - 21.5 and 5.0 - 61.7 μg g−1, respectively. The ranges of ADD values of Pb, Cr and Cd were 1.2 × 10−3 - 5.7 × 10−3; 1.3 × 10−3 - 5.7 × 10−3 and 5.1 × 10−3 - 1.4 × 10−3 µg day−1, respectively. Among the samples Cr had HQ values 1.3 to 9.6. The HQ values of Cd for L2, L6, L12 and L14 ranges between 1.1 and 1.5. Then HQ values of Pb for L1 -L20 were 1.0 - 4.1. The HI values of Pb, Cr and Cd in each lipstick brands range from 2.8 to 12.5, indicating a non-carcinogenic health risk. The CR values for Cr and Cd are from 6.6 × 10−4 to 6.9 × 10−4 and from 2.0 × 10−2 to 2.5 × 10−2, respectively and they were within the acceptable limit value of 1.0 × 10−4. The RII of Pb, Cd and Cr were 4.50 - 20.1, 2.0 – 19.2 and 1.9 – 23.0 %, respectively. Conclusion: All the health indices indicated non-carcinogenic health risks. The continuous exposure and unintentional ingestion of such lipstick products can pose high risks to the users due to bioaccumulation of Pb, Cd and Cr which may lead to negative health conditions.

This research aims to study the extent of bioaccumulation of the heavy metal Pb by mangrove plants (Rhizopora apiculata) in the waters of Poka Village, Ambon Bay. Mangrove plants were chosen because they can naturally accumulate heavy metals around their roots. In this study, sediment grains were measured using a Sieve Shaker, the content of Pb metal in sediment and parts of mangrove plants was determined using AAS, while the bioaccumulation value of Lead metal (Pb) by mangrove plants was calculated using the BCF and TF formulas. The results showed that the particle size in gravel ranged between 0.00-0.13%, sand 20.44-66.35%, and mud 33.65-79.56%. Lead (Pb) levels in Poka Village waters in sediment ranged from 10,925-16,925 mg/kg, roots ranged from 0.5-21.35 mg/kg, and leaves ranged from 0-4,675 mg/kg. Meanwhile, the BCF value at sampling point 1 = 0.03, sampling point 2 = 1.40 and sampling point 3 = 0.56, the TF value at sampling point 1 = 7.8, sampling point 2 = 0.03 and sampling point 3 = 0.09. This shows that mangrove plants function as phytoextraction and can be used as phytoremediation agents to accumulate the heavy metal lead (Pd) from waters.

The evolving prevalence of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) abuse among nonathletes is alarming because of the known harm to an individual’s health. Among the adverse effects of AAS abuse, male infertility and sexual dysfunction have been often reported in the literature, but little is known regarding its actual prevalence, possible underpinning mechanisms, and potential treatments either during or post-AAS usage. Thus, the current narrative review summarizes the state-of-art regarding the effects of AAS on male fertility and sexual function. Evidence was gathered from the latest reviews and recent original studies, specifically from prospective cohorts and clinical trials, ultimately resulting in five main topics of discussion. First, AAS usage is briefly characterized by its historical background, main physiological mechanisms, and the most frequently used AAS substances. Second, data on the prevalence of AAS-induced male infertility and sexual dysfunction are described. Third, some new insights on possible underpinning mechanisms of AAS-induced male infertility and sexual dysfunction are thoroughly discussed, with particular attention to histological data derived from animal models and the latest insights from prospective cohorts in humans. Fourth, the potential treatments during and after the AAS usage are presented, highlighting the odds of resolving male infertility and sexual dysfunction. Fifth, future directions on this topic are discussed, focusing on the methodological robustness of scientific studies.

This work offers a comprehensive examination of ICP-MS as a higher-level analytical method compared to atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Comparisons between the ICP-MS average mean difference and AAS were made with the determination of the concentration of trace elements in the same solid alternative fuel samples, while comparisons between ICP-MS and XRF were made by the determination of the concentration of major elements in the same solid alternative fuel samples, resulting in the superiority of the method. The results of the relative mean differences (RDMs) between ICP-MS (7.56%) and XRF (9.42%) regarding the concentration of major elements compared with the reference values in solid biofuel samples, while the RDMs for the solid recovered fuel samples were 8.9% for ICP-MS and 12.27% for XRF. The same procedure was followed for the determination of the concentration of trace elements with ICP-MS and AAS, thus obtaining the results for solid biofuel samples (average %RMDICP-MS = 12.77 and RMDAAS = 13.9) and SRF samples (average %RMDICP-MS = 10.02 and RDMAAS = 11.10) in relation to the reference values. While acknowledging that the initial cost and complexity of operation may deter some from adopting ICP-MS, the study asserts that the advantages of enhanced precision, sensitivity and speed of analysis validate the investment. Hence, ICP-MS is an extremely important laboratory tool used in modern physics and chemistry and has a wide range of applications: biological materials, high purity reagents and metals, atomic nuclear materials, geological samples and food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contamination of metals in agricultural soil is a serious global threat but there are limited reports related to their risks in major agronomic areas. The current study is aimed to assess the distribution of selected macroelements and essential/toxic trace metals (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Sr, Li, Ag, Fe, Zn, Co, Cu, Mn, Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni) in the agricultural soil of Chakwal, Pakistan, in order to appraise their contamination status, source identification and probable human health risks. Quantification of the metals was performed by AAS employing aqua regia digestion method. Among the selected metals, dominant mean concentrations were observed for Ca (48,285 mg/kg) and Fe (30,120 mg/kg), followed by Mg (9171 mg/kg), K (973.3 mg/kg), Mn (399.0 mg/kg) and Na (368.9 mg/kg). The correlation study indicated strong mutual relationships among the metals as well as physicochemical properties. Multivariate analysis (PCA/CA) of the metal levels revealed their diverse anthropogenic sources in the soil. Various pollution indices indicated extremely high contamination/enrichment of Cd, followed by moderate enrichment/contamination of Ag in the soil. The HQ values for most of the metals manifested insignificant non-cancer risks. The average CR value of Cr was exceeding the safe limit (1.0E-06) for both ingestion and inhalation exposure, indicating a considerable lifelong cancer risk for the population. The results of this study will provide a better understanding related to the contamination of agricultural soil and its effects on human health and to promote effective actions to reduce the soil pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fine atmospheric particulates are associated with numerous environmental and health issues as they can penetrate deeply in the respiratory tract thereby adversely affecting the human health. This study aimed to investigate the concentrations of trace elements in the respirable (PM2.5) fraction of the atmospheric particulates and to understand their pollution status and health risks. The samples were collected from Islamabad, and the metals were extracted using HNO3 and HCl based extraction method. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was employed to quantify the concentrations of selected trace elements. PM2.5 exhibited considerable variations in their minimum (4.737 µg/m3) and maximum (108.1 µg/m3) levels. The significant contributors among the selected elements bound to PM2.5 were Ca (1016 ng/m3), K (759.8 ng/m3), Mg (483.0 ng/m3), Fe (469.7 ng/m3), and Zn (341.1 ng/m3), while Ag (0.578 ng/m3) was found at the lowest levels with an overall descending order: Ca > K > Mg > Fe > Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cd > Mn > Sr > Cr > Co > Li > Ag. Multivariate PCA and CA identified industrial activities, combustion processes and automobile emissions as the main anthropogenic contributors to particulate pollution. Enrichment factors and geoaccumulation indices were computed to assess the pollution status. The results also revealed that among the trace elements, Cd showed extremely high contamination, followed by Ag, Zn, and Pb, which showed moderate to high contamination in the atmospheric particulates. Carcinogenic health risks from Pb and Ni were found to be within the safe limit (1.0 × 10–6); however, Cr, Co, and Cd exposure was linked to significant cancer risks. The present elemental levels in PM2.5 were also compared with the reported levels from other regions around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: A growing number of athletes are using synthetic anabolic–androgenic steroids (AAS), comprised of testosterone and other derivatives, to enhance athletic performance and muscle mass. Over the years, numerous reports elucidated the side effects of the illegal use of AAS, such as infertility, and liver disorders. The effect of AAS on the hepatic and reproductive systems in Saudi athletes has not yet been studied. Therefore, this study examined the liver function and sex hormone parameters of AAS users as compared to non-users. Methods: Fasting blood samples were collected from 16 male Saudi athletes, 10 AAS-users (cases) and 6 non-users (controls) to measure liver function tests (ALT, AST, GGT, ALP, total protein, albumin, direct and total bilirubin) and muscle enzymes (CK, LDH), Fertility hormones (LH, FSH, total testosterone, estradiol, and prolactin) were included also. Furthermore, a self-reported questionnaire was obtained to identify the type of AAS used, the dosage, and the length of the course before sample collection. Results: The results show a statistically significant increase in ALT (P

The zinc and lead industry generates substantial quantities of waste. Among the many types of wastes, such as dust or liquid, a large proportion are solid waste such as slags. The purpose of the study was the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the short rotary kiln slags and slags deposited in a hazardous waste landfill originating from zinc and lead metallurgy. This assessment represents the primary step in evaluating materials such as slags concerning their potential for substantial applications, such as process for metal separation. Additionally, this evaluation forms the basis for a comprehensive environmental study. The concentrations of the four predominant metals – Fe>Pb>Zn>Cu – and accompanying elements – Na>Ca>K>Ni>Mn>Cr – were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) after aqua regia digestion. A large variation was found in the phase analysis of the studied materials based on SEM, XRD, X-ray microanalysis, and BCR sequential extraction. The BCR analysis revealed the occurrence of major metals in four different fractions: acid-soluble, reducible, oxidizable, and residual. Pb was mainly present in the acid-soluble fraction, while Fe, Cu, and Zn were present in the residual fraction.

Kidney failure has become a growing problem at Hadejia Emirates over the last decade. This can be attributed to water pollution, possibly due to heavy metal contamination of River Hadejia that affects organisms living in it, such as fish. This study is aimed to determine the concentration of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Pb) in two fish muscles. The research was conducted on tilapia and catfish where two samples of both fishes were used. The fish tissues were cut and oven-dried at 110 °C, and then a motor and pestle were used to powder the dried fish sample. A wet digestion method was used based on the analytical methods for Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). The result obtained shows that the concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Cd, As and Pb) in both fishes were found to be 0.3220 ± 0.0028; 0.1656 ± 0.002 (𝑚𝑔/𝑘𝑔), 0.0319 ± 0.0018; 0.0333 ± 0.0018 (𝑀𝑔/𝑘𝑔), 0.0697 ± 0.0011; 0.1035 ± 0.0015 (𝑚𝑔/𝑘𝑔) and 1.008 ± 0.0035; 0.600 ± 0.002 (𝑚𝑔/𝑘𝑔) respectively. The mean concentration value of the two samples of both tilapia and catfish were found to be above WHO standard limit except for cadmium in tilapia which is below WHO standard limit.

This paper investigated the presence of heavy metals in water samples from three selected sites in the southern part of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Twelve (12) samples were analysed at the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Kaduna using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Levels of some heavy metals, Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cr, Cd, Pb, Ca, Mg, Na and K were determined in water samples collected from the research area. The results obtained show that, the recorded mean values of Zn, Cu, Mn, Cd and Mg were within the WHO/GDWQ guidelines; while Na and Ca recorded mean values below the World Health Organisation (WHO)/Guidelines for Drinking- Water Quality (GDWQ) minimum mean value, Ni, Fe, Cr and Pb were found to be considerably high in the water samples, which exceeded the WHO/GDWQ maximum mean value. Therefore, the result shows the presence of heavy elements in the sampled area. The low mean values of Ca and Na within the sampled area could lead to poor bone formation risk like rickets among the populace. While consumption of such vital elemental nutrients is recommended, it is however advised that the populace should avoid consumption of Ni, Fe, Cr and Pb in high content above the stipulated WHO/GDWQ guidelines.

Creating wheat genotypes characterized by high grain yield, high protein content, and favorable amino acid composition is the main goal of breeders, especially in developing countries where wheat is a staple food. An experiment with 20 wheat genotypes, released through breeding activities in the Serbian region at different periods and adapted to its pedoclimatic conditions, was conducted with the aim of determining the genetic potential of the analyzed genotypes for grain yield and quality. Due to the divergence of the examined wheat germplasm, the factor of genotype had the largest share in the variation of all yield parameters (>66%). The genotypes Zadruga and Agrounija exhibited superior abilities for overall grain yield. Also, genotype Zadruga stood out in a distinct cluster group due to high values of both thousand grain weight and grain yield per plant. A continuous improvement in protein content was found, with newer genotypes having 17.13% higher protein content compared with older genotypes. Genotype Sloga stood out with the highest protein content (13.93%). On the other hand, the old genotype Balkan was distinguished by the highest content of nonessential amino acids (61.5 g 100 g−1 protein), which makes it a good genetic resource. Genotypes Agrounija (32.62 g 100 g−1 protein) and Tanjugovka (32.47 g 100 g−1 protein) had the highest content of essential amino acids. The highest AAS value was established for tryptophan (1.81) and the lowest for lysine (0.61). Genotypes Tanjugovka and Zadruga had the highest AAS, i.e., protein completeness. The genotypes Zadruga, Tanjugovka, Agrounija, and Sloga have demonstrated high-yield capacity and possess a favorable amino acid profile, making them promising candidates for enhancing the nutritional quality of wheat and potentially benefiting human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the mechanisms controlling the early (fresh) and long‐term (hardened) hydration of one‐part alkali‐activated slags (AAS) is key to extend their use as low CO2 substitutes for ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Their "just add water" use makes them easier and less hazardous to manipulate than the more studied two‐part ones. This is due to the absence of liquid alkaline activators, which are environmentally and energy demanding. In this work, numerous experimental techniques have been linked to obtain a comprehensive physico‐chemical characterization of a one‐part AAS activated with Na2CO3 and Ca(OH)2 powders at several water to solid ratios (w/s). Calorimetry and pH/conductivity measurements describe the functioning of the activators immediately after contact with water. Early reactivity is characterized through in situ X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology, which reveal a rapid precipitation of nanometric hydration products (nano‐C‐A‐S‐H), which results in a continuous increase in the paste cohesivity until setting. Moreover, SAOS shows that rejuvenating the paste by means of shearing (performed externally to the rheometer in this study) is enough to restore the initial cohesion (i.e., workability) for long time spans until setting occurs. The long‐term hydration is characterized by ex situ XRPD on aged AAS pastes, in parallel with mechanical testing on AAS mortar. A correlation can be observed between the amount of nano‐C‐A‐S‐H and the increase in compressive strength. Overall, this formulation shows satisfactory fresh and solid properties, demonstrating suitability for low‐ and normal‐strength applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Marine & Coastal Science is the property of Universitas Airlangga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Indonesian Fisheries Processing Journal / Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia is the property of IPB University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)