Search

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and histopathological effects of two different dosages of alcohol extract of Tarantula cubensis (Theranekron) on open wounds. Method: A total of 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into Tarantula cubensis extract (TCE1, n=8) 1/10 diluted, TCE (TCE2, n=8), and (3) vehicle-control (0.2 ml of 96 % ethanol, n=8) groups. Experimental full-thickness 1 x 1cm wounds were created on dorsum skin. TCE or vehicle were given systemically by subcutaneous injections on postoperative days 1 and 4. Wound planimetry and procurement of biopsies was performed on days 4, 8, 12 and 16. Results: The mean non-epithelialised wound area in the vehicle-control group was significantly larger than in the TCE1 group on days 4, 8, 12 and 16, and in the TCE2 group on days 8, 12 and 16 (pConclusion: Our results suggest that alcohol extract of Tarantula cubensis accelerates epithelialisation and, thus, has beneficial effects on open wound healing in rats.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of M. bovis pneumonia in slaughtered cattle in Bursa region, to perform the histopathological investigation of these cases, to demonstrate the agent with bacteriological and immunohistological examination and to characterize the inflammatory response against the agent. A total of 1413 lungs were examined at slaughter houses and 136 lungs (9.63%) with signs of pneumonia were sampled. Ten pneumonic lungs from the department archive were also included in the study. Bacteriological and immunohistochemical examination revealed M. bovis as the cause of pneumonia in 39 animals. In the classification of pneumonia regarding the exudate and the anatomic pattern, the most common pneumonia type was fibrinopurulent bronchopneumonia, non-purulent bronchointerstitial pneumonia and necrotic-fibrinopurulent bronchopneumonia. Necrotic areas were observed in a total of 18 cases. The agent was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in 24 animals, bronchi and bronchiole epithelium being the most commonly invaded histological structures. Immmo-histochemistry revealed T cell as the most prominent inflammatory cell in M. bovis pneumonia, thus supporting the role of cellular defense in the pathogenesis of this pneumonia in cattle.

In this study, we evaluated the hypothesis that long term dietary restriction would have beneficial effects on the oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme systems in liver, heart and kidney in adult mate rats undergoing different intensities of swimming exercise. Sixty male, Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned as either dietary restricted on every other week day (DR) or fed ad libitum (AL) groups, and each group was further subdivided into sedentary, endurance swimming exercise training (submaximal exercise) and exhaustive swimming exercise (maximal exercise) groups. Animals in the submaximal exercise group swam 5 days/week for 8 weeks, while maximal exercise was performed as an acute bout of exercise. In parallel with the increase in the intensity of the exercise, the degree of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation were increased in both the DR and AL groups; however the rate of increase was lower in the DR group. Reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GR) enzyme activities were lower in the DR group than in the AL group. In parallel with the increase in exercise intensity, GSH and GR enzyme activities decreased, whereas an increase was observed in GSH-Px enzyme activity. In conclusion, the comparison between the DR and AL groups with the three swimming exercise conditions shows that the DR group is greatly protected against different swimming exercise-induced oxidative stress compared with the AL group.

This report describes a case of multicentric intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma observed in a 13-year-old, male, Irish setter dog. The dog had a history of chronic inappetence, weight loss, intermittent icterus, and diarrhoea. In the ultrasonographic examination of the abdominal organs, 5 spherical masses were found in various liver lobes. The largest mass was 12 cm in diameter and was located on the quadrate lobe. It had spongy consistency and had several cystic structures, 3 mm-2.5 cm in diameter, on the cut surface. While this mass bulged through the normal outline of the liver, smaller masses were engraved within the liver parenchyma. Histopathologically, cystic glandular structures lined by cubical to columnar epithelial cells were observed. Immunohistochemically, tumoural cells stained positively with anti-cytokeratin 7 and anti-cytokeratin 19 antibodies. We report herein a rare case of multicentric biliary cystadenoma in an Irish setter dog with histopathological and immunohistochemical findings.

Background: Increased proteolytic cleavage of serum amyloid A (SAA) may potentially contribute to the development of AA amyloid deposition Objective: To study the possible relationship between amyloid artropathy and expression of SAA and some serum amino acids. Animals and methods: Values of 15 serum amino acids and SAA were investigated in chickens with experimentally induced amyloid arthropathy. Thirty-four, 5-week-old chicks were allocated into two groups: one group was injected intra-articularly with 0.25mL complete Freund's adjuvant at the left tibio-metatarsal joint to induce amyloid arthropathy, whereas the other group served as control. All pullets were necropsied 13 weeks after injection. Collected tissue samples were examined histopathologically. Blood samples were collected and SAA concentrations were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to assess the amino acid concentrations in serum. Results: Amyloid accumulation in joints occurred only in the experimental group (89%). SAA concentrations of 166 +/- 17 and 423 +/- 39 (SD) ng/mL were found in the control and experimental groups, respectively (p < 0.001). In the experimental group, an increase was observed in all examined amino acid concentrations except for citrulline. The most significant (p < 0.001) increases were noticed in serine (from 159 +/- 15 to 360 +/- 29 mu mol/L), glycine (from 151 +/- 20 to 279 +/- 16 mu mol/L), isoleucine (from 48 +/- 2 to 80 +/- 6 mu mol/L), and phenylalanine (from 49 +/- 2 to 90 +/- 3 mu mol/L). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that there is a positive correlation between some serum amino acid values, especially serine, glycine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine, and the high concentrations of SAA in chickens with amyloid arthropathy.

Fatal pulmonary aspergillosis and AA type amyloid accumulations in the liver and spleen are described in a female ostrich (Struthio camelus). The animal had had respiratory problems and long-term inappetence over an 8-week period. Necropsy revealed that several soft, grayish to white nodules ranging from 1 to 3 mm in diameter were scattered throughout the lungs and thoracic air sacs. Prominent enlargement of the liver and spleen was observed. No gross lesions were found in the other organs studied. The microscopic examination showed severe, necrotizing, granulomatous pneumonia, and air sacculitis. Aspergillus fumigatus was recovered from the lungs and air sacs as pure culture colonies. Amyloid deposition was demonstrated in the liver and spleen slides by Congo red and immunohistochemistry. To the authors' knowledge, to date no case of amyloid accumulation in ostrich has been reported. We report, for the first time, diffuse AA amyloidosis in the liver and spleen of an ostrich, probably occurring secondary to aspergillosis.

A 12-week-old, intact, male German shepherd dog was presented with a history of regurgitation since weaning to solid food. The dog was emaciated, and the cervical esophagus of the animal was palpable as a flaccid and air-filled cavity. Contrast radiography of esophagus revealed contrast material accumulation in the thoracic esophagus craniodorsal to the heart. A diagnosis of vascular ring anomaly was made and surgical correction of the defect was decided. The dog died during the preoperative period despite supportive treatment in intensive care unit. Necropsy findings confirmed a diagnosis of persistent right aortic arch. Sütten kesildikten sonra katı gıdaları regürgite eden 12 haftalık, erkek bir Alman çoban köpeği değerlendirildi. Köpek zayıf ve olması gereken kilonun altındaydı. Servikal ösefagus gevşek ve hava ile dolu olarak palpe edildi. Ösefagusun radyografisinde kalbin kraniodorsalinde, torasik bölgede kontrast madde ile dolu ösefagus belirlendi. Bu gözlemler temelinde, vasküler ring anomalisi tanımlandı ve operasyona karar verildi. Operasyon hazırlıkları sırasında destek tedavisine rağmen köpek yoğun bakımda öldü. Nekropsi bulguları kalıcı sağ aortik kemer tanısını doğruladı.

This is the first report of successful induction of normal estrus and ovulation in breeder bitches with as a low dose as 0.6 mu g/kg/day of cabergoline formulation marketed for use in women. Sixty-one pure breed bitches from various breeds were used in the study at their already determined periods of anestrus. Twenty-four dogs formed the control group, while 37 bitches were administered with two different doses of cabergoline (recommended dose group, n = 10, 5 mu g/kg/day and low dose group, n = 27, 0.6 mu g/kg/day). Induced estrus rates and mean treatment and proestrus durations of dogs in these two dose groups were compared. At the second phase of the study, the effects of 500 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administered on days 1 and 3 of estrus induced by the low dose of cabergoline, on the duration of behavioral estrus, ovulation rates, pregnancy rates and the number of offspring were investigated. For this purpose, the dogs with signs of proestrus (22/27) following the treatment in the low dose group were assigned into two subgroups. Five hundred IU of hCG (Pregnyl, Organon, Turkey) was intramuscularly administered to eight of these dogs [low dose (hCG+) group] on days 1between days 8-45 and 4-48 (mean: 23.63 +/- 14.33 and 24.41 +/- 14.31 days), in the ratio of 80.0 and 81.5%, respectively (p > 0.05). In both dose groups, post-treatment interestrous intervals were significantly shorter than both those of the control group and their own pre-treatment interestrous intervals (p < 0.05). Ovulation rates, pregnancy rates and mean number of offspring delivered by the dogs in the recommended dose, low dose (hCG-), low dose (hCG+) and control groups were found to be similar (p > 0.05). However, the mean duration of behavioral estrus of the dogs in the low dose (hCG+) group was found to be significantly longer compared to dogs in all other groups (p < 0.05). In both dose groups, no correlation could be found between the anestrus stages and treatment durations (p > 0.05). Shortly, it has been concluded from the study that (1) normal and fertile estrus can be induced more economically in bitches during different stages of anestrus using as a low dose of 0.6 mu g/kg of cabergoline formulation marketed for use in women, and that (2) hCG injections on days 1 and 3 of the estrus induced by this method has no positive effects on the ovulation rates, pregnancy rates and the number of offspring per pregnancy. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. and 3 of estrus. The remaining 14 dogs were not treated with hCG [low dose (hCG-) group]. An aqueous solution of cabergoline (Dostinex, Pharmacia, Italy) was orally administered until 2 day after the onset of proestrus or for a maximum of 42 days. Blood samples were taken daily from all treatment and 11 control bitches during the first five days of behavioral estrus to measure progesterone concentrations. In the recommended dose and low dose groups, estrus was induced.

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hematopoietic factor, which is produced primarily by the adult kidney in response to tissue hypoxia. There is strong evidence that EPO may also be synthesized in the brain and act as a neuroprotector or neuromodulator in the central nervous system. The present study investigated the effect of centrally administered EPO on cardiovascular and respiratory parameters in anaesthetized rats. The animals were anaesthetized with ketamine (70 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg) mixture. EPO at doses of 0.06, 0.12, 0.25 and 0.50 IU/5 μl or 0.9% saline as a control were injected intracerebroventricularly and blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, tidal volume and minute ventilation were recorded. Following the administration of EPO, there was a significant increase in blood pressure, heart and respiratory rates, tidal volume and minute ventilation which were time and dose dependant. In order to investigate whether these effects of centrally injected EPO was caused by the diffusion of the drug to the periphery, the highest dose EPO (0.5 IU) in the present study, was injected intravenously but intravenously injected EPO showed no significant effect in these parameters. In conclusion, our findings showed that centrally injected erythropoietin caused pressor and tachycardic response, an increase in respiratory frequency and volume in anaesthetized rats. Moreover intravenous injection of the highest dose of EPO used in the study caused no effect suggesting a central mechanism of action for the agent. Hence, one can hypothesize that erythropoietin may play a role in the central regulation of cardiovascular and respiratory system as a neuromodulator or neuromediator.

The presence of oestrogen-alpha receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER-2/neu (c-erbB-2) oncoprotein in the uterine walls of 10 healthy cats and 20 subjects with cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra (CEH-P) were evaluated. Lesions were graded according to the severity of cystic dilation, hyperplasia and inflammation, and were classified as normal, mild uterine hyperplasia and severe uterine hyperplasia. The ER, PR and c-erbB-2 expression in the endometrium, glandular epithelium, stromal fibroblasts and myometrial smooth muscle cells was quantified by immunohistochemistry. The ER, PR and c-erbB-2 staining patterns differed between normal uteri and uteri with CEH-P. The ER expression was tended to be higher in the endometrial surface and glandular epithelium in the severe hyperplasia group (P > 0.05) and significantly lower in the mild hyperplasia cases compared with normal endometrium (P < 0.05), whereas the PR expression in both severe and mild hyperplasia cases tended to be higher in stromal cells and glandular epithelium than those in the normal uteri. C-erbB-2 immunoreactivity was observed only in the endometrial surface and glandular epithelium of the uterine wall and immunostaining was found to be highest in cases with severe hyperplasia. As a conclusion, we suggest that c-erbB-2 oncoprotein may play a role in the pathogenesis of the CEH together with the ER and PR in cats, and that ER does not have a role in the mechanism of pyometra, whereas PR plays a role in the pathogenesis of both CEH and pyometra.

In the present study, the genotoxic, hematoxic effects, and their relation with pathological and biochemical parameters of hexane were investigated. Cytogenetic evaluation performed on the bone marrow indicated that chromosome aberrations increased at both hexane doses in relation to the negative controls. Decreased hematocrit, hemoglobin concentrations, and mean corpuscular volume were observed on the whole blood counts. Conjugated dienes (CD), glutathione (GSH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and catalase (CAT) were increased. Histological examinations showed intracytoplasmic vacuolisation, nuclei with lower chromatin, and parenchymatous degenerations in the dose groups. In the bone marrow slides, depletion of the erythroid series were observed. In conclusion, hexane seems to be a genotoxic and hematoxic agent leading to degeneration and lipid peroxidation in exposed groups. Teratogenesis Carcinog. Mutagen.

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and histopathological effects of tripeptide copper complex (TCC) and two different doses of laser application (helium-neon laser, 1 and 3 J cm(-2)) on wound healing with untreated control wounds. Experimental wounds were created on a total of 24 New Zealand white rabbits and topical TCC or laser was applied for 28 days. The wounds were observed daily, and planimetry was performed on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 to measure the unhealed wound area and percentage of total wound healing. Biopsies were taken weekly to evaluate the inflammatory response and the level of neovascularization. The median time for the first observable granulation tissue was shorter (P < 0.05) in the low and high dose laser groups than in the control group (3 and 2.66 vs. 4.5 days), but was not different between the TCC and control groups (4.16 vs. 4.5 days). Filling of the open wound to skin level with granulation tissue was faster (P < 0.05) in the TCC and high dose laser groups than in the control group (14 and 16 vs. 25 days), but was not different between the low dose laser and control groups (23 vs. 25 days). The average time for healing was shorter (P < 0.05) in the TCC and high dose laser groups (29.8 and 30.2 vs. 34.6 days), but was not different between the low dose laser and control groups (33.8 vs. 34.6 days). Histopathologically, wound healing was characterized by a decrease in the neutrophil counts and an increase in neovascularization. The TCC and high dose laser groups had greater neutrophil and vessel counts than in the control group, suggesting a more beneficial effect for wound healing.