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There is presently an increased enthusiasm for competition law enforcement around the world, driven primarily by concerns about the power of digital platform companies. Against this background, this article identifies the emergence of a 'techno-conservatism' that invokes a 'rhetoric of innovation' to stymy the field's ongoing shift towards a more interventionist paradigm. Drawing parallels between techno-conservatism and twentieth-century Chicago school conservatism, the article holds that appeals to innovation are a means of deterring enforcement against dominant companies in dynamic markets. This article contests the rhetoric of innovation, maintaining that it is possible to reconcile strong enforcement with care for innovation. It does so by raising three points. First, innovation often arises from smaller companies and deconcentrated markets. Secondly, many of the innovations associated with technology companies often have their origins in the public sector. Thirdly, innovation is not innately beneficial. It is not enough to defend dominance simply by pointing to 'more innovation'; thought must also be given to the qualitative nature of that innovation. Taken together, these three ideas represent a useful framework with which to counter the rhetoric of innovation and defend the momentum building in competition law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the onset of COVID-19, research production in economics and finance (measured by the posting of working papers) increased by 29 |$\%$|⁠. Production increases were widespread across geographies, job titles, departments, and ages with larger increases in top departments and for people under the age of 35. Men and women both experienced production increases with the exception of women between the age of 35 and 49, who experienced no production gains despite large increases for men in the same age group. COVID-19 increased reliance on past coauthorship networks, with larger production gains for authors that are more central to the network. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix , which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, the effects of climate change are becoming more pronounced. Simultaneously, concerns associated with climate change effects have garnered widespread attention. The motive of this study is to know about the prominent antecedents of climate abnormalities in Pakistan, which may lead to economic abnormality and instability. The core objectives of this research are to: identify the abrupt changes in the climate of Pakistan, know about the level of disruption towards economic conditions due to climate change, detect the aggregate consequences of climate change on the economy of Pakistan, and finally take steps to hedge the abnormalities resulting from the abnormal climate changes. The accomplices employed qualitative methods to gather information. Fuzzy set Qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) and semi-organized talks to thoroughly separate each plaintiff's extensive knowledge and opinions. For this study, a sample of 30 experienced economic analysts and climate change experts from Pakistan were chosen. The study's findings verified that several important antecedents, including the nature of climate change abnormalities, are identified in the research. This study explored methods to address these abnormalities and was conducted with professional guidance to meet sustainable development goals related to climate change. Scholars and experts are advised to adopt more systematic approaches to mitigate the risks due to the complex and variable combination situations that led to the climate change risks in Pakistan and the surrounding area.

AbstractPurpose This study aims to obtain empirical evidence on the effect of environmental analysis on environmentally friendly business strategies and performance in SMEs after the Covid-19 Pandemic.Methodology The study included primary data sources such as environmental orientation, top management awareness, environmental performance, green business strategy, and SMEs performance. It involved 103 SMEs, of which 36 were in the food processing industry, 37 were in the leather processing industry, and 30 were involved in furniture manufacturing.Findings In this study, 103 SMEs were examined with a focus on performance, environmental performance, top management environmental awareness, green business strategy, and environmental orientation. These findings can support resource-based display theory and assist corporate management in making judgments regarding business plans. A positive mediation association between ecological performance and environmental orientation toward green company strategy through top management’s environmental awareness was also discovered in this study.Implications of research A mediating relationship between environmental direction, green business strategy, and top management’s ecological awareness and performance orientation is revealed, which supports managers in their decision-making.Originality/value This study focuses on green business strategies, environmental performance, environmental performance awareness, and environmental orientation to improve the operations of Indonesian SMEs and address environmental challenges.

The publication of Edith Kuiper's book A Herstory of Economics (2022) brings non-traditional ideas to the core of historical discussions in economic thought. The volume sheds important light on neglected 'herstories' of economics, being one of the first to document the writings and ideas of excluded women economists. This review article offers a critical analysis of the book, building on three key themes that emerge from the processes of exclusion and production/circulation of ideas in economics: (i) the herstory of economics as a genre, and how it contributes to the dissemination of ideas from women economists; (ii) the conceptualisation of power in/outside economics and the barriers of exclusion that exist in the discipline; and (iii) the practices of diversification and inclusivity of women as economists. Through Kuiper's historical analysis, I first discuss how the production of knowledge in economics has been built under exclusionary practices, namely epistemic, evaluative, and ideological. This is followed by the proposal of a three-fold alternative framework for an inclusive economics that builds on existing herstories, which includes elements of engaged pluralism; democracy of knowledge; and inclusivity as both a principle and a professional practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical imaging studies have revealed that the hypothalamus is activated in migraine patients prior to the onset of and during headache and have also shown that the hypothalamus has increased functional connectivity with the spinal trigeminal nucleus. The dopaminergic system of the hypothalamus plays an important role, and the dopamine-rich A11 nucleus may play an important role in migraine pathogenesis. We used intraperitoneal injections of glyceryl trinitrate to establish a model of acute migraine attack and chronicity in mice, which was verified by photophobia experiments and von Frey experiments. We explored the A11 nucleus and its downstream pathway using immunohistochemical staining and neuronal tracing techniques. During acute migraine attack and chronification, c-fos expression in GABAergic neurons in the A11 nucleus was significantly increased, and inhibition of DA neurons was achieved by binding to GABA A-type receptors on the surface of dopaminergic neurons in the A11 nucleus. However, the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and glutamic acid decarboxylase proteins in the A11 nucleus of the hypothalamus did not change significantly. Specific destruction of dopaminergic neurons in the A11 nucleus of mice resulted in severe nociceptive sensitization and photophobic behavior. The expression levels of the D1 dopamine receptor and D2 dopamine receptor in the caudal part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus candalis of the chronic migraine model were increased. Skin nociceptive sensitization of mice was slowed by activation of the D2 dopamine receptor in SP5C, and activation of the D1 dopamine receptor reversed this behavioral change. GABAergic neurons in the A11 nucleus were activated and exerted postsynaptic inhibitory effects, which led to a decrease in the amount of DA secreted by the A11 nucleus in the spinal trigeminal nucleus candalis. The reduced DA bound preferentially to the D2 dopamine receptor, thus exerting a defensive effect against headache. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ORDO: Jahrbuch für die Ordnung von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this essay, we analyze the dominant position of economics within the network of the social sciences in the United States. We begin by documenting the relative insularity of economics, using bibliometric data. Next we analyze the tight management of the field from the top down, which gives economics its characteristic hierarchical structure. Economists also distinguish themselves from other social scientists through their much better material situation (many teach in business schools, have external consulting activities), their more individualist worldviews, and their confidence in their discipline's ability to fixthe world's problems. Taken together, these traits constitute what we call the superiority of economists, where economists' objective supremacy is intimately linked with their subjective sense of authority and entitlement. While this superiority has certainly fueled economists' practical involvement and their considerable influence over the economy, it has also exposed them more to conflicts of interests, political critique, even derision.

– This study aims to determine whether a green attitude can complement the influence of green marketing on green purchase intention for environmentally friendly fast-food products, considering the orientation toward sustainable environmental preservation.

A11 dopaminergic neurons regulate somatosensory transduction by projecting from the diencephalon to the spinal cord, but the function of this descending projection in itch remained elusive. Here, we report that dopaminergic projection neurons from the A11 nucleus to the spinal dorsal horn (dopaminergicA11‐SDH) are activated by pruritogens. Inhibition of these neurons alleviates itch‐induced scratching behaviors. Furthermore, chemogenetic inhibition of spinal dopamine receptor D1‐expressing (DRD1+) neurons decreases acute or chronic itch‐induced scratching. Mechanistically, spinal DRD1+ neurons are excitatory and mostly co‐localize with gastrin‐releasing peptide (GRP), an endogenous neuropeptide for itch. In addition, DRD1+ neurons form synapses with GRP receptor‐expressing (GRPR+) neurons and activate these neurons via AMPA receptor (AMPAR). Finally, spontaneous itch and enhanced acute itch induced by activating spinal DRD1+ neurons are relieved by antagonists against AMPAR and GRPR. Thus, the descending dopaminergic pathway facilitates spinal itch transmission via activating DRD1+ neurons and releasing glutamate and GRP, which directly augments GRPR signaling. Interruption of this descending pathway may be used to treat chronic itch. Synopsis: Dopaminergic neurons projecting from the A11 nucleus to the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) activate spinal DRD1+ neurons to facilitate spinal itch processing. DRD1+ neurons release glutamate and GRP to activate GRPR+ neurons. A11 dopaminergic neurons facilitate spinal itch processing.DopaminergicA11‐SDH projection acts on DRD1+ neurons to enhance itch transmission.DRD1+ neurons form monosynaptic connections with GRPR+ neurons in the SDH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creating interdisciplinary dialog in the field of socio-economics cannot be separated from the social diversity among scholarly voices within its community. In marking the 20th anniversary year of Socio-Economic Review (SER), this article examines the role of gender among authors and reviewers in SER. Our findings show that women remain underrepresented in terms of authorship and reviewing. While no gender differences exist in overall acceptance rates for submitted papers, a substantial gender gap exists in the number of submissions. Our analysis also highlights how the persistence of gender segregation is related to the predominance of male-only author teams and male-dominated research topics. The article concludes with suggestions for further research and a discussion on gender disparities in socio-economics and other social science fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pulp and paper manufacturing industry is currently facing sweeping changes due to the fact that supply and demand are dominated by different global players. These changes have significant effects not only on the paper and pulp production of countries but also on world economies thanks to the high level of trade between countries around the world. Based on the historical development of paper, our study examines today’s production around the world economies, shows the latest commercial trends in the paper and pulp trade, and makes a prediction on the effects of the data belonging to this sector on the trade of countries through using panel regression models. According to our results, we determined a significant relationship between the total world paper and cardboard production in Turkey and the European Union and the amount of pulp. On the other hand, a partial relationship was found between the European Union and Turkey’s paper production. In addition, we concluded that the amount of pulp used in paper and cardboard production was the factor causing the total paper production in the European Union and Turkey. In other words, we have established as a result of the analysis that as the amount of pulp used in paper and cardboard production increases, paper and cardboard production also increases at the same rate.

Since the early years of the 21st century, economists have started to look for the historical roots of current economic outcomes. In this article, we deal with this new approach (called persistence studies), as represented by the 75 articles published in ten leading economics journals since 2001. We outline the key features (issues, period, geographical area of interest, etc.) of these articles and we discuss their citational record, in comparison with the (much more numerous) economic history articles in the same journals. We also explore the affiliation and training of the 121 authors of persistence studies, highlighting the role of some Boston institutions as the cradle of the new approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPrincipled capitalism has been proposed as a replacement for liberal capitalism. Moral principles should be driving our individual and collective decisions rather than utility and profit. A new unit called an oblig is suggested as a measure of the amount of the substance of the “stuff” that moves around in a social field of obligation forces. The notion of dynamic equilibrium is amplified and obligs are compared with the utils of utility theory and qualitative deposits in “emotional bank accounts”. It is concluded that the methods of utility theory are not appropriate for principled capitalism. A new unit of obligatory force is defined as a carson after the ecologist Rachel Carson. It is that force required to change the rate of change of a measured item within an obligation. The mathematics of obligs is developed and illustrated with four examples, two concerning individual relationships and two as applied to company and national government accounts.

The purpose of this paper is to obtain and analyse data on the higher education lecturers at the 16 largest, state-owned faculties of economics in seven central and eastern European countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Slovenia), about their scientific impact and reach. An analysis of their research areas and scientometrics (citations, h-indices) was performed, and aggregate rankings are presented. Data was collected from Google Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus by using proprietary specialized web crawlers (“bots”). The differences among countries and faculties are significant, and institutions should observe good practices from Slovenia, as its faculties are ranked highest. The insights are important for evaluating scientific progress, mobility, and cooperation, rewarding and promotion requirements, accreditations, project and institution funding, and higher education lecturers’ promotion.

Evolutionary processes are characterised by genuine uncertainty. Consequently, economic policy must take into account that environmental conditions and alternatives for action are often indeterminate. Scientifically sound concepts, methods and instruments are needed that take into account the partial openness of economic processes in real time. This editorial introduction provides a brief summary of the main findings of the individual articles in this special issue. Although each contribution can only highlight a specific problem, taken together they impressively demonstrate the relevance and urgency of developing a truly evolutionary perspective on economic policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ethical conduct of research requires the informed consent and voluntary participation of research participants. Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) work to ensure that these ethical standards are met. However, incongruities in perspective and practice exist across regions. In this article, we focus on informed consent as practiced by agricultural and applied economists, with emphasis on research conducted in low income and/or developing countries. IRB regulations are clear but heterogeneous, emphasizing process rather than outcome. The lack of IRBs and institutional reviews in some contexts and the particulars of the principles employed in others may fail to adequately protect research participants. Related Content: The evolving ethics of analysis, publication, and transparency in applied economics Related Content: Research ethics beyond the IRB: Selection bias and the direction of innovation in applied economics Related Content: Ulysses' pact or Ulysses' raft: Using pre-analysis plans in experimental and nonexperimental research [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]