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Steganography is an important component of modern information security systems. At the same time, in the conditions of modern cyberspace, it is relevant to develop high-performance steganographic methods that would have a high level of resistance to possible attacks by compression, noise, and blur. One of such methods is the steganographic method with code-controlled information embedding, based on the idea of preliminary coding of the information being embedded using binary codewords, for which the transformants of the Walsh-Hadamard transform have the specified properties. A specific localization of disturbances in the Walsh-Hadamard transform domain of the container takes place because of the information embedding. In this paper, a theoretical basis has been formed for further improvement of the codewords used in the code-controlled information embedding steganographic method. It is shown that despite the fact that these codewords have an ideal effect only on a given transformant of the Walsh-Hadamard transform, they affect several transformants at once in the domain of the discrete cosine transform (DCT). The concept of the selectivity coefficient is introduced to estimate the level of selectivity of the impact on a given DCT transformant. It has been established that with an increase in the size of the blocks used, a tendency is observed to a decrease in the selectivity coefficient due to the presence of the “close neighbor” effect. This trend is conditioned by the involvement of the DCT transformants with similar frequencies that have similar resistance to possible attacks on the embedded message. In this case, the ratio of the sum of absolute values of low-frequency DCT transformants to the sum of absolute values of all other DCT transformants increases with the size of the codeword. In this paper it has been proven and practically confirmed that an increase in the size of a codeword leads to an increase in the resistance of the code-controlled information embedding steganographic method. Possible ways of further practical improvement of codewords used in the code-controlled information embedding steganographic method are theoretically substantiated.

The article considers the ballistic parameters of the trajectories of high-density alloy particles moving in a gaseous medium, accompanied by a phase transition of the of the particle material. A technique has been developed for determining the parameters of the target depending on the physical and mechanical characteristics of the materials of the captured particles and target layers. The possibility of maintaining the spheroidal shape of particles during the electric arc dispersion of high-density alloys has been determined.

Introduction. Today, river information systems (RIS) have become an integral part of the state shipping safety system. These systems are created in the waters of seaports and approaches to them, as well as along the entire length of inland waters. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze the state and prospects of development of river information systems. The current state and prospects of development of inland waterway infrastructure, which consist of many interrelated factors, are determined. Most of the factors are united by the need to improve the safety of navigation, which in turn identifies a number of areas of development, including: improving the efficiency of inland waterway infrastructure and improving the management system of navigation in general. Results. The system of information processing about the navigation situation is defined, which is the basis of the key concept of the software module of the river information system. The basis for creation of a software component of information system of the driver is defined. As a result of the conducted researches the value of application of river information services on the Ukrainian rivers for intensive development of the market of transport and logistic services, both of Ukraine as a whole and its separate regions is revealed. The article identifies the relevance of using a digital bill of lading, which will allow in the current realities, in accordance with the current restrictions caused by restrictive measures to prevent the spread of acute respiratory disease COVID-19 caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, reduce contact and protect host members. The created automatic system and its application on the inland waterways of Ukraine will facilitate the work of the navigator, reduce the number of errors. Characterizing the equipment, we offer the principle of such structuring that will facilitate the operation of this system in offline mode. That is, the concept of the overall structure of the river information system is defined, which will allow the safe passage of vessels on inland waterways and will reduce the impact of the human factor on the performance of navigation operations. Conclusions. The use of the river information system is aimed at ensuring navigation operations and increasing the efficiency of cargo transportation through constant information control of the vessel’s position, location of stationary and mobile objects.

Ceramic materials based on zirconia (ZrO2) are high-tech raw materials for structural products used in various fields of technology. ZrO2 has a wide range of application due to its unique strength characteristics, chemical resistance and fire resistance. However, the disadvantage of zirconium ceramics is low resistance to thermal shock, which limits its use in products functioning in conditions of frequent temperature changes. In this paper, we consider the possibility of increasing the resistance to thermal shock of ceramics based on zirconium dioxide, due to the introduction of an aluminum-magnesium spinel additive (MgAl2O4).

Typical tasks of scientific research include breaking down a complex phenomenon into its components, considering the processes that determine its dynamics, formalizing the accepted hypotheses in mathematical equations, selecting appropriate experimental and statistical material, and ultimately, constructing a mathematical model. This paper explores a complex bio-social phenomenon (COVID-19 epidemic) using a specific data processing method (balanced identification) as part of data driven modeling approach. Combined with appropriate information technology, the method made it possible to consider a number of models, describe the general biological laws of the virus vs. human interaction (common to all populations), and the country specific social epidemic management in the populations under consideration. As statistical data, only new cases were used. Data from different countries was taken from official sources and processed in a uniform way.

Myeloperoxidase (MPO), an oxidant-producing enzyme of neutrophils, has been shown to prime platelet activity promoting immunothrombosis. Native MPO is a homodimer, consisting of two identical protomers (monomer) connected by a single disulfide bond. But in inflammatory foci, MPO can be found both in the form of a monomer and in the form of a dimer. Beside MPO can also be in complexes with other molecules and be modified by oxidants, which ultimately affect its physicochemical properties and functions. Here we compared the effects of various forms of MPO as well as MPO in complex with ceruloplasmin (CP), a physiological inhibitor of MPO, on the platelet activity. Monomeric MPO (hemi-MPO) was obtained by treating the dimeric MPO by reductive alkylation. MPO was modified with HOCl in a molar ratio of 1:100 (MPO-HOCl). Using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy we showed that peaks at about 510 and 526 cm

Aim. To study the changes that have occurred in the pharmacotherapy of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the Saratov Region for 5 years by analyzing the antithrombotic therapy of patients who were admitted in a specialized department of the multidisciplinary hospital in Saratov in 2011-2012 and in 2016-2017.Material and methods. A pharmacoepidemiological retrospective study was conducted. The object of the study was the medical records of inpatients (Form 003/y) with the diagnosis “Atrial fibrillation” (ICD-X code I48), that consecutively admitted to the cardiology department of the multidisciplinary hospital in Saratov from January 1, 2011 to December, 31, 2012 (n=211) and from January 1, 2016 to December, 31, 2017 (n=227). Criteria for inclusion in the study: patients over 18 years of age, established diagnosis of non-valvular AF of ischemic genesis. Exclusion criteria from the study: non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, thyrotoxicosis, congenital heart defects, rheumatic heart damage, acute coronary syndrome, endocarditis, myocarditis, pericarditis, pulmonary thromboembolism, the presence of prosthetic heart valve. Pharmacoepidemiological analysis was carried out for the drugs prescribed during hospitalization and given by doctors at discharge of patients from the hospital. The risk of ischemic stroke was assessed using the CHA2DS2-VASc score, and the risk of bleeding – according to the HAS-BLED score.Results. When analyzing the risk of ischemic stroke, it was found that 100% of patients in 2011-2012 years and 98.2% in 2016-2017 years had indications for the prescription of oral anticoagulants (OAСs). In 2011-2012 there were no patients with a low risk of stroke (CHA2DS2-VASc=0). High risk of bleeding (HAS-BLED≥3) occurred in 4.7% of patients in 2011-2012 and in 10.6% in 2016-2017, however, due to the high risk of stroke, the refusal to prescribe OAC in these patients was inappropriate in accordance with the recommendations for the treatment of AF. In the group of patients with CHA2DS2-VASc=0 in 2016-2017 antiplatelet therapy was prescribed in 100% at the hospital stage and at discharge, which contradicts the guidelines, according to which antithrombotic therapy is not recommended to patients with CHA2DS2-VASc=0. In patients with CHA2DS2-VASc=1, a low percentage of anticoagulants prescription was noted. In 2016-2017 OACs were prescribed only in 12.5% of patients at all stages of observation. In 2011-2012 OAC alone was prescribed only to 1 person (20%) at the hospital stage, which does not comply with modern guidelines for the treatment of patients with AF, according to which patients with a risk score CHA2DS2-VASc=1 are recommended to receive OACs in the absence of contraindications. OACs prescription in group CHA2DS2-VASc≥2 occurred only in 15% of patients in 2011-2012 and in a third of patients in 2016-2017 (pConclusion. For 5 years there have been significant changes in the antithrombotic therapy of AF in the Saratov Region. The frequency of prescribing OACs according to indications has increased mainly due to the introduction of the DOACs into clinical practice. However, prevention of stroke remains insufficient.

In this article a short overview of current micro-pattern gaseous detectors development and applications at Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics is presented. The triple-GEM detector for the Laser Polarimeter facility and the end-cap discs for the upgrade of the CMD-3 detector are considered in more details.

The article deals with the problems of network interactions of urban communities in the context of political conflicts. The theoretical foundations of the study are developed in line with the theory of political networks. In particular, the concept of “heterarchies” is used to describe interactions in the course of conflicts between hierarchical and network structures. The explanatory model proposed by the authors is also focused on the components of the network approach, revealing the mechanisms and ways of shaping the political agenda and making decisions using the potential of political networks. In addition, an analysis of the impact of network interactions on the development of urban communities was carried out. The empirical component of the article is based on the results of research conducted by the authors in three large regional centers of the Russian Federation in 2019– 2020. The 2019 study was conducted in the format of semi-structured expert interviews with leaders of urban communities in Voronezh, Krasnodar and Yaroslavl. In 2020, an expert survey was conducted in the same cities. In total, 34 experts were interviewed, representing urban communities, authorities, research centers, business structures, etc. Based on the results of the research, conclusions were drawn about the empowerment of urban communities to participate in decision-making at the municipal level within the framework of network relations, as well as the prevalence of a constructive approach to interactions with opponents in political conflict processes. At the same time, limiting their influence on decision-making processes to the role of the “attentive public”, which is observed at the present time, can contribute to the expansion of destructive, in particular, protest forms of political activity.

Aim. To compare features of pharmacotherapy of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) with a reduced ejection fraction of the left ventricle (LV EF) who were admitted in a specialized department of the multidisciplinary hospital in Saratov before and after the publication of the Russian National Recommendations (4 revision) on the diagnosis and treatment of CHF (2012). Material and methods. A pharmacoepidemiological retrospective study was conducted. The object of the study was the medical records of inpatients (form 003/y) with the diagnosis "Heart failure" (ICD-I50), that consecutively admitted to the cardiology department of the multidisciplinary hospital in Saratov from April 28, 2009 to January 19, 2010 (n=52) and from February 19, 2014 to May 20, 2015 (n=95). Patients over 18 years of age with diagnosis of CHF (NYHA II-IV) and LV EF

The paper considesr non-global structural analogues actuators for shut-off and control ball valves with double-gate, providing exceptional technical characteristics (bandwidth and control range) in comparison with the analogues. Equipping such ball valve with an intelligent actuator featuring a special Geneva mechanism allows using only one actuator to provide the shut-off function, control, and deduction of a required working position with no energy required. This provides significant additional economic benefits compared to the known imported functional equivalents. The analytical review of existing constructive actuators solutions is conducted and the issued related to the calculation of their main characteristics are reviewed.

Brain injury (BI) is a major cause of cognitive impairments (CI) in young people. However, many aspects of their development remain unstudied. In particular, the role of neurodegenerative and vascular processes in the occurrence of posttraumatic disorders of higher cortical functions is still unclear. Voxel-based morphometry is one of the current neuroimaging techniques. Objective : to comprehensively study a change in the volume indicators of a number of brain structures in patients with posttraumatic, vascular, and amnestic CI. Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 123 patients who were divided into 5 groups: 1) 20 examinees without CI (a control group); 2) 22 patients with mild and moderate CI and a history of mild recurrent CI; 3) 19 patients with moderate posttraumatic CI after severe brain contusion; 4) 41 patients with moderate vascular CI; 5) 21 patients with moderate amnestic CI. Before divided into the groups, all the patients underwent comprehensive neuropsychological testing, which enabled different aspects of cognitive performance to be assessed. Results . Atrophic changes were ascertained to be uncharacteristic for the patients who had sustained mild recurrent BI. At the same time, the patients with severe consequences of BI showed a significant decrease in the volume of brain regions, primarily in that of frontal and temporal lobes. A combined comprehensive assessment of the results obtained in the group analysis using SPM8 and calculating absolute volume values using MRICroN allowed one to more accurately understand the nature of neurodegenerative changes. Comparative assessment of the data obtained in the posttraumatic, vascular, and amnestic CI groups identified a number of differences in both the distribution of atrophic changes and their level, which can be of great importance for the differential diagnosis of these conditions.

The article gives a theoretical basis and an example of the practical implementation of methods for monitoring and control of human psychophysiological state using the methods of adaptive biocontrol, technology-loads the virtual reality software and hardware complex “BOSLAB-Labirint”.

Environmental management, technologies, products and services are commonly expected to provide significant economic opportunities for companies and countries. This is mainly due to increasing awareness among politicians, academics and the wider population on the importance of environmental aspects in daily life. Consequently demand for environmentally friendly solutions is expected to grow continuously in the next decade. The present study is part of a broader research project which examines the long-term science and technology (S&T) agenda in Russia up to 2030. The project's results were approved by the Prime Minister of Russia in early January 2014. Researchers from the National Research University Higher School of Economics carried out the research project at the request of the Russian Ministry of Education and Science between 2011 and 2013. The research comprised six interrelated spheres: ICT; biotechnology, medicine and public health; new materials and nanotechnologies; environmental management; transport and space systems; and energy efficiency and energy conservation. For each sphere, the project explored in-depth the global emergent challenges and opportunities, the risks, and their degree of influence on Russia. The authors analysed the most important potential market niches, products and services that are capable of radically shaping world markets and highlighted their competitive advantages. Within the framework of these priority science areas authors emphasised several spheres of particular potential value and compared the level of research carried out in Russia and the leading countries. The current chapter also covers the analyses the natural resources sector made within a project aimed at integration of national and sectoral S&T Foresight studies funded by the Russian Ministry of Education and Science. Findings show that the potential applications for environmental products and services are manifold. The study is based on a thorough analysis of expert opinions and their assessment of future applications and the development of demand for these applications. However the authors note that the expert opinions included in the assessment of prospective products, services and markets, despite being based on rigorous assessment, still reflect expectations. Their opinions incorporate a degree of uncertainty especially with regard to how and when (or whether) the markets, technologies, products and services will develop in the expected ways.

L'article recense les aspirations et valeurs soutenues par les etudiants russes dans la periode post-sovietique. Cette etude basee sur un sondage realise aupres d'un large panel permet de degager les attentes de la jeunesse en matiere d'emploi et de mesurer les evolutions constatees depuis le debut des annees 90.