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Your search keyword '"A.O. Grobbelaar"' showing total 3 results
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3 results on '"A.O. Grobbelaar"'

1. Necrotizing fasciitis caused by mono-bacterial gram-negative infection with E. coli – the deadliest of them all: A case series and review of the literature

Author

I.P.E. Bayard, A.O. Grobbelaar, and M.A. Constantinescu

Subjects
Necrotizing fasciitis, Mono-bacterial Gram-negative, Escherichia coli, Landscape-like skin necrosis, Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract

Summary: Introduction: Unlike other skin and soft tissue infections, necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a very rare but potentially fatal condition. Common organisms causing NF are poly-microbial (type I) infection with mixed organisms and mono-bacterial gram-positive infection with mainly streptococci (type II). Mono-bacterial gram-negative NF is a rare form of NF that is not included in the current classification. Case series: We report four cases of mono-bacterial gram-negative NF caused by E. coli. All patients presented in septic shock and showed landscape-like skin necrosis and pain out of proportion. Radical debridement and escalation of antibiotic treatment was performed in all patients. Short-term survival was 50%. Two patients died of multiorgan failure. Two patients survived short term: One patient was amputated through the knee but died six months later of metastatic prostate cancer. One patient was covered with split thickness skin grafts and died three months later of catheter-associated sepsis with endocarditis. Discussion: Recent findings suggest adding a type III fasciitis, which is caused by mono-bacterial gram-negative organisms. As patients are getting older with even more comorbidities, mono-bacterial gram-negative NF will be an increasing problem for physicians treating soft tissue and skin infections.In oncologic diseases, liver cirrhosis, renal diseases or otherwise immunocompromised patients, mono-bacterial gram-negative NF with E. coli is underestimated. Therefore, in these patients, antibiotic treatment should cover Gram-negative organisms including E. coli. However even with adjusted antibiotic treatment and radical debridement, the short-term survival and long-term outcome are poor.

Published
2021
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2. Neuromuscular reinnervation efficacy using a YFP model

Author

Jeff W. Lichtman, A.O. Grobbelaar, K. Rolfe, and A.C.S. Woollard

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Synkinesis, Neural Conduction, Neuromuscular Junction, Facial Muscles, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Animals, Nerve Tissue, Surgery, Plastic, Nerve repair, Nerve Transfer, Motor Neurons, business.industry, Nerve graft, Anatomy, medicine.disease, Axons, Nerve Regeneration, Surgery, Motor unit, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, nervous system, Facial reanimation, Research Design, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Tissue Transplantation, Regenerating axons, Muscle transfer, business, Reinnervation
Abstract

Summary Introduction The gold standard reconstruction for facial reanimation is the functional muscle transfer. The reinnervation of a muscle is never complete, and clinical results are variable with 20% not achieving a satisfactory outcome. We hypothesise that this may be due to a mismatch between the characteristics of the donor nerve and transferred muscle. Method 81 YFP-16 and 14 YFP-H mice were studied in three intervention groups over three time periods. Two parameters were investigated: the number and surface area of reinnervated neuromuscular junctions and regenerating axons. An assessment was made of motor unit proportions. Results All cases of nerve repair and nerve graft, the neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) were completely reinnervated by regenerating axons. The number and calibre of the regenerating axons were significantly different from controls for both intervention groups. The motor units were smaller in both intervention groups. Discussion Reinnervation occurs after nerve repair or graft; however, the arbour was reinnervated by large numbers of much smaller axons. These axons showed some evidence of remodelling in the repair group, but not in the graft group. Neither group achieved the parameters of the control group. There were persistent qualitative changes to the morphology of both axons and junctions. Imaging documented both synkinesis and alterations that resemble those seen in ageing. Conclusion Overall, the efficacy of reinnervation is very high with all NMJ reoccupied by regenerating axons. The way small axons are remodelled is different in the nerve repairs compared with the nerve grafts.

Published
2021

3. Ruby laser-assisted hair removal reduces the coarseness of regrowing hairs: fallacy or fact?

Author

S.H. Liew, K. Ladhani, A.O. Grobbelaar, D.T. Gault, R. Sanders, C.J. Green, and C. Linge

Subjects
Adult, Male, Scalp, Adolescent, business.industry, Chromophore, Middle Aged, Laser assisted, Photochemistry, Hair Removal, Otorhinolaryngology, Laser therapy, Hair removal, Medicine, Humans, Surgery, Female, Laser Therapy, Prospective Studies, business, Aged, Follow-Up Studies, Hair
Abstract

There have been anecdotal reports that hairs that regrow after ruby laser-assisted hair removal are finer in appearance. If true, this phenomenon adds to the improved aesthetic effect of laser treatment of unwanted hair. It is the aim of this study to determine whether this phenomenon indeed occurs, and if so, assess its permanence and its mode of action. In this prospective clinical study, 71 patients with 94 treatment sites were treated with the Chromos 694 Depilation Ruby Laser. Hair diameter was measured pre-treatment, and at 3 and 7 months post-treatment. In addition, ex vivo scalp skin was used to assess if the ruby laser selectively damaged coarser hairs. Laser-treated and matched untreated skin samples were histologically assessed and the diameters of hair shafts (normal or obviously damaged) were measured. Results of this study were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis. There was no statistically significant difference between the hair diameter of non-lasered specimens and the hair diameter of the normal hair in lasered specimens. However, a statistically significant difference was seen between the hair diameter of non-lasered specimens and diameters of damaged hair in lasered specimens (P0.05). There was a statistically significant difference (P0.05) between pre-treatment and 3 month hair diameters, but no statistically significant difference was found between pre-treatment and 7 month hair diameters. In conclusion, ruby laser-assisted hair removal results in a temporary reduction in hair diameter of regrowing hair. This is not due to the selective targeting of larger hair follicles.

Published
2000

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