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1. Predicting hip-knee-ankle and femorotibial angles from knee radiographs with deep learning

Author

Jinhong Wang, Thomas A.G. Hall, Omar Musbahi, Gareth G. Jones, and Richard J. van Arkel

Subjects
Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Knee alignment affects the development and surgical treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Automating femorotibial angle (FTA) and hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA) measurement from radiographs could improve reliability and save time. Further, if HKA could be predicted from knee-only radiographs then radiation exposure could be reduced and the need for specialist equipment and personnel avoided. The aim of this research was to assess if deep learning methods could predict FTA and HKA angle from posteroanterior (PA) knee radiographs. METHODS: Convolutional neural networks with densely connected final layers were trained to analyse PA knee radiographs from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) database. The FTA dataset with 6149 radiographs and HKA dataset with 2351 radiographs were split into training, validation, and test datasets in a 70:15:15 ratio. Separate models were developed for the prediction of FTA and HKA and their accuracy was quantified using mean squared error as loss function. Heat maps were used to identify the anatomical features within each image that most contributed to the predicted angles. RESULTS: High accuracy was achieved for both FTA (mean absolute error 0.8°) and HKA (mean absolute error 1.7°). Heat maps for both models were concentrated on the knee anatomy and could prove a valuable tool for assessing prediction reliability in clinical application. CONCLUSION: Deep learning techniques enable fast, reliable and accurate predictions of both FTA and HKA from plain knee radiographs and could lead to cost savings for healthcare providers and reduced radiation exposure for patients.

Published
2023

2. Measurement of the tt̄ production cross section in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV using the kinematic properties of events with leptons and jets

Author

The CMS Collaboration Chatrchyan, S. Khachatryan, V. Sirunyan, A.M. Tumasyan, A. Adam, W. Bergauer, T. Dragicevic, M. Erö, J. Fabjan, C. Friedl, M. Frühwirth, R. Ghete, V.M. Hammer, J. Hänsel, S. Hoch, M. Hörmann, N. Hrubec, J. Jeitler, M. Kiesenhofer, W. Krammer, M. Liko, D. Mikulec, I. Pernicka, M. Rohringer, H. Schöfbeck, R. Strauss, J. Taurok, A. Teischinger, F. Wagner, P. Waltenberger, W. Walzel, G. Widl, E. Wulz, C.-E. Mossolov, V. Shumeiko, N. Suarez Gonzalez, J. Bansal, S. Benucci, L. de Wolf, E.A. Janssen, X. Maes, J. Maes, T. Mucibello, L. Ochesanu, S. Roland, B. Rougny, R. Selvaggi, M. van Haevermaet, H. van Mechelen, P. van Remortel, N. Blekman, F. Blyweert, S. D'Hondt, J. Devroede, O. Suarez, R.G. Kalogeropoulos, A. Maes, M. van Doninck, W. van Mulders, P. van Onsem, G.P. villella, I. Charaf, O. Clerbaux, B. De Lentdecker, G. Dero, V. Gay, A.P.R. Hammad, G.H. Hreus, T. Marage, P.E. Thomas, L. Vander Velde, C. Vanlaer, P. Adler, V. Cimmino, A. Costantini, S. Grunewald, M. Klein, B. Lellouch, J. Marinov, A. Mccartin, J. Ryckbosch, D. Thyssen, F. Tytgat, M. Vanelderen, L. Verwilligen, P. Walsh, S. Zaganidis, N. Basegmez, S. Bruno, G. Caudron, J. Ceard, L. Gil, E.C. de Favereau de Jeneret, J. Delaere, C. Favart, D. Giammanco, A. Grégoire, G. Hollar, J. Lemaitre, V. Liao, J. Militaru, O. Ovyn, S. Pagano, D. Pin, A. Piotrzkowski, K. Schul, N. Beliy, N. Caebergs, T. Daubie, E. Alves, G.A. de Jesus Damiao, D. Pol, M.E. Souza, M.H.G. Carvalho, W. Da Costa, E.M. De Oliveira Martins, C. Fonseca De Souza, S. Mundim, L. Nogima, H. Oguri, V. Prado Da Silva, W.L. Santoro, A. Silva Do Amaral, S.M. Sznajder, A. Bernardes, C.A. Dias, F.A. Fernandez Perez Tomei, T.R. Gregores, E.M. Lagana, C. Marinho, F. Mercadante, P.G. Novaes, S.F. Padula, S.S. Darmenov, N. Genchev, V. Iaydjiev, P. Piperov, S. Rodozov, M. Stoykova, S. Sultanov, G. Tcholakov, V. Trayanov, R. Dimitrov, A. Hadjiiska, R. Karadzhinova, A. Kozhuharov, V. Litov, L. Mateev, M. Pavlov, B. Petkov, P. Bian, J.G. Chen, G.M. Chen, H.S. Jiang, C.H. Liang, D. Liang, S. Meng, X. Tao, J. Wang, J. Wang, J. Wang, X. Wang, Z. Xiao, H. Xu, M. Zang, J. Zhang, Z. Ban, Y. Guo, S. Guo, Y. Li, W. Mao, Y. Qian, S.J. Teng, H. Zhu, B. Zou, W. Cabrera, A. Gomez Moreno, B. Ocampo Rios, A.A. Osorio Oliveros, A.F. Sanabria, J.C. Godinovic, N. Lelas, D. Lelas, K. Plestina, R. Polic, D. Puljak, I. Antunovic, Z. Dzelalija, M. Brigljevic, V. Duric, S. Kadija, K. Morovic, S. Attikis, A. Galanti, M. Mousa, J. Nicolaou, C. Ptochos, F. Razis, P.A. Finger, M. Finger Jr., M. Assran, Y. Khali, S. Mahmoud, M.A. Hektor, A. Kadastik, M. Müntel, M. Raidal, M. Rebane, L. Azzolini, V. Eerola, P. Fedi, G. Czellar, S. Härkönen, J. Heikkinen, A. Karimäki, V. Kinnunen, R. Kortelainen, M.J. Lampén, T. Lassila-Perini, K. Lehti, S. Lindén, T. Luukka, P. Mäenpää, T. Tuominen, E. Tuominiemi, J. Tuovinen, E. Ungaro, D. Wendland, L. Banzuzi, K. Korpela, A. Tuuva, T. Sillou, D. Besancon, M. Choudhury, S. Dejardin, M. Denegri, D. Fabbro, B. Faure, J.L. Ferri, F. Ganjour, S. Gentit, F.X. Givernaud, A. Gras, P. Hamel de Monchenault, G. Jarry, P. Locci, E. Malcles, J. Marionneau, M. Millischer, L. Rander, J. Rosowsky, A. Shreyber, I. Titov, M. Verrecchia, P. Baffioni, S. Beaudette, F. Benhabib, L. Bianchini, L. Bluj, M. Broutin, C. Busson, P. Charlot, C. Dahms, T. Dobrzynski, L. Elgammal, S. Granier de Cassagnac, R. Haguenauer, M. Miné, P. Mironov, C. Ochando, C. Paganini, P. Sabes, D. Salerno, R. Sirois, Y. Thiebaux, C. Wyslouch, B. Zabi, A. Agram, J.-L. Andrea, J. Bloch, D. Bodin, D. Brom, J.-M. Cardaci, M. Chabert, E.C. Collard, C. Conte, E. Drouhin, F. Ferro, C. Fontaine, J.-C. Gelé, D. Goerlach, U. Greder, S. Juillot, P. Karim, M. Le Bihan, A.-C. Mikami, Y. Van Hove, P. Fassi, F. Mercier, D. Baty, C. Beauceron, S. Beaupere, N. Bedjidian, M. Bondu, O. Boudoul, G. Boumediene, D. Brun, H. Chasserat, J. Chierici, R. Contardo, D. Depasse, P. El Mamouni, H. Fay, J. Gascon, S. Ille, B. Kurca, T. Le Grand, T. Lethuillier, M. Mirabito, L. Perries, S. Sordini, V. Tosi, S. Tschudi, Y. Verdier, P. Lomidze, D. Anagnostou, G. Edelhoff, M. Feld, L. Heracleous, N. Hindrichs, O. Jussen, R. Klein, K. Merz, J. Mohr, N. Ostapchuk, A. Perieanu, A. Raupach, F. Sammet, J. Schael, S. Sprenger, D. Weber, H. Weber, M. Wittmer, B. Ata, M. Bender, W. Dietz-Laursonn, E. Erdmann, M. Frangenheim, J. Hebbeker, T. Hinzmann, A. Hoepfner, K. Klimkovich, T. Klingebiel, D. Kreuzer, P. Lanske, D. Magass, C. Merschmeyer, M. Meyer, A. Papacz, P. Pieta, H. Reithler, H. Schmitz, S.A. Sonnenschein, L. Steggemann, J. Teyssier, D. Bontenackels, M. Davids, M. Duda, M. Flügge, G. Geenen, H. Giffels, M. Haj Ahmad, W. Heydhausen, D. Kress, T. Kuessel, Y. Linn, A. Nowack, A. Perchalla, L. Pooth, O. Rennefeld, J. Sauerland, P. Stahl, A. Thomas, M. Tornier, D. Zoeller, M.H. Aldaya Martin, M. Behrenhoff, W. Behrens, U. Bergholz, M. Bethani, A. Borras, K. Cakir, A. Campbell, A. Castro, E. Dammann, D. Eckerlin, G. Eckstein, D. Flossdorf, A. Flucke, G. Geiser, A. Hauk, J. Jung, H. Kasemann, M. Katkov, I. Katsas, P. Kleinwort, C. Kluge, H. Knutsson, A. Krämer, M. Krücker, D. Kuznetsova, E. Lange, W. Lohmann, W. Mankel, R. Marienfeld, M. Melzer-Pellmann, I.-A. Meyer, A.B. Mnich, J. Mussgiller, A. Olzem, J. Petrukhin, A. Pitzl, D. Raspereza, A. Raval, A. Rosin, M. Schmidt, R. Schoerner-Sadenius, T. Sen, N. Spiridonov, A. Stein, M. Tomaszewska, J. Walsh, R. Wissing, C. Autermann, C. Blobel, V. Bobrovskyi, S. Draeger, J. Enderle, H. Gebbert, U. Görner, M. Kaschube, K. Kaussen, G. Klanner, R. Lange, J. Mura, B. Naumann-Emme, S. Nowak, F. Pietsch, N. Sander, C. Schettler, H. Schleper, P. Schlieckau, E. Schröder, M. Schum, T. Schwandt, J. Stadie, H. Steinbrück, G. Thomsen, J. Barth, C. Bauer, J. Berger, J. Buege, V. Chwalek, T. de Boer, W. Dierlamm, A. Dirkes, G. Feindt, M. Gruschke, J. Hackstein, C. Hartmann, F. Heinrich, M. Held, H. Hoffmann, K.H. Honc, S. Komaragiri, J.R. Kuhr, T. Martschei, D. Mueller, S. Müller, T. Niegel, M. Oberst, O. Oehler, A. Ott, J. Peiffer, T. Quast, G. Rabbertz, K. Ratnikov, F. Ratnikova, N. Renz, M. Saout, C. Scheurer, A. Schieferdecker, P. Schilling, F.-P. Schott, G. Simonis, H.J. Stober, F.M. Troendle, D. Wagner-Kuhr, J. Weiler, T. Zeise, M. Zhukov, V. Ziebarth, E.B. Daskalakis, G. Geralis, T. Kesisoglou, S. Kyriakis, A. Loukas, D. Manolakos, I. Markou, A. Markou, C. Mavrommatis, C. Ntomari, E. Petrakou, E. Gouskos, L. Mertzimekis, T.J. Panagiotou, A. Stiliaris, E. Evangelou, I. Foudas, C. Kokkas, P. Manthos, N. Papadopoulos, I. Patras, V. Triantis, F.A. Aranyi, A. Bencze, G. Boldizsar, L. Hajdu, C. Hidas, P. Horvath, D. Kapusi, A. Krajczar, K. Sikler, F. Veres, G.I. Vesztergombi, G. Beni, N. Molnar, J. Palinkas, J. Szillasi, Z. Veszpremi, V. Raics, P. Trocsanyi, Z.L. Ujvari, B. Beri, S.B. Bhatnagar, V. Dhingra, N. Gupta, R. Jindal, M. Kaur, M. Kohli, J.M. Mehta, M.Z. Nishu, N. Saini, L.K. Sharma, A. Singh, A.P. Singh, J.B. Singh, S.P. Ahuja, S. Bhattacharya, S. Choudhary, B.C. Gomber, B. Gupta, P. Jain, S. Jain, S. Khurana, R. Kumar, A. Naimuddin, M. Ranjan, K. Shivpuri, R.K. Dutta, S. Sarkar, S. Choudhury, R.K. Dutta, D. Kailas, S. Kumar, V. Mehta, P. Mohanty, A.K. Pant, L.M. Shukla, P. Aziz, T. Guchait, M. Gurtu, A. Maity, M. Majumder, D. Majumder, G. Mazumdar, K. Mohanty, G.B. Saha, A. Sudhakar, K. Wickramage, N. Banerjee, S. Dugad, S. Mondal, N.K. Arfaei, H. Bakhshiansohi, H. Etesami, S.M. Fahim, A. Hashemi, M. Jafari, A. Khakzad, M. Mohammadi, A. Mohammadi Najafabadi, M. Paktinat Mehdiabadi, S. Safarzadeh, B. Zeinali, M. Abbrescia, M. Barbone, L. Calabria, C. Colaleo, A. Creanza, D. de Filippis, N. de Palma, M. Fiore, L. Iaselli, G. Lusito, L. Maggi, G. Maggi, M. Manna, N. Marangelli, B. My, S. Nuzzo, S. Pacifico, N. Pierro, G.A. Pompili, A. Pugliese, G. Romano, F. Roselli, G. Selvaggi, G. Silvestris, L. Trentadue, R. Tupputi, S. Zito, G. Abbiendi, G. Benvenuti, A.C. Bonacorsi, D. Braibant-Giacomelli, S. Brigliadori, L. Capiluppi, P. Castro, A. Cavallo, F.R. Cuffiani, M. Dallavalle, G.M. Fabbri, F. Fanfani, A. Fasanella, D. Giacomelli, P. Giunta, M. Grandi, C. Marcellini, S. Masetti, G. Meneghelli, M. Montanari, A. Navarria, F.L. Odorici, F. Perrotta, A. Primavera, F. Rossi, A.M. Rovelli, T. Siroli, G. Travaglini, R. Albergo, S. Cappello, G. Chiorboli, M. Costa, S. Tricomi, A. Tuve, C. Barbagli, G. Ciulli, V. Civinini, C. D'Alessandro, R. Focardi, E. Frosali, S. Gallo, E. Gonzi, S. Lenzi, P. Meschini, M. Paoletti, S. Sguazzoni, G. Tropiano, A. Benussi, L. Bianco, S. Colafranceschi, S. Fabbri, F. Piccolo, D. Fabbricatore, P. Musenich, R. Benaglia, A. de Guio, F. Di Matteo, L. Gennai, S. Ghezzi, A. Malvezzi, S. Martelli, A. Massironi, A. Menasce, D. Moroni, L. Paganoni, M. Pedrini, D. Ragazzi, S. Redaelli, N. Sala, S. de Fatis, T.T. Buontempo, S. Carrillo Montoya, C.A. Cavallo, N. de Cosa, A. Fabozzi, F. Iorio, A.O.M. Lista, L. Merola, M. Paolucci, P. Azzi, P. Bacchetta, N. Bellan, P. Bisello, D. Branca, A. Carlin, R. Checchia, P. de Mattia, M. Dorigo, T. Dosselli, U. Fanzago, F. Gasparini, F. Gasparini, U. Gozzelino, A. Lacaprara, S. Lazzizzera, I. Margoni, M. Mazzucato, M. Meneguzzo, A.T. Nespolo, M. Perrozzi, L. Pozzobon, N. Ronchese, P. Simonetto, F. Torassa, E. Tosi, M. Vanini, S. Zotto, P. Zumerle, G. Baesso, P. Berzano, U. Ratti, S.P. Riccardi, C. Torre, P. Vitulo, P. Viviani, C. Biasini, M. Bilei, G.M. Caponeri, B. Fanò, L. Lariccia, P. Lucaroni, A. Mantovani, G. Menichelli, M. Nappi, A. Romeo, F. Santocchia, A. Taroni, S. Valdata, M. Azzurri, P. Bagliesi, G. Bernardini, J. Boccali, T. Broccolo, G. Castaldi, R. D'Agnolo, R.T. Dell'Orso, R. Fiori, F. Foà, L. Giassi, A. Kraan, A. Ligabue, F. Lomtadze, T. Martini, L. Messineo, A. Palla, F. Segneri, G. Serban, A.T. Spagnolo, P. Tenchini, R. Tonelli, G. Venturi, A. Verdini, P.G. Barone, L. Cavallari, F. Del Re, D. Di Marco, E. Diemoz, M. Franci, D. Grassi, M. Longo, E. Nourbakhsh, S. Organtini, G. Pandolfi, F. Paramatti, R. Rahatlou, S. Roveli, C. Amapane, N. Arcidiacono, R. Argiro, S. Arneodo, M. Biino, C. Botta, C. Cartiglia, N. Castello, R. Costa, M. Demaria, N. Graziano, A. Mariotti, C. Marone, M. Maselli, S. Migliore, E. Mila, G. Monaco, V. Musich, M. Obertino, M.M. Pastrone, N. Pelliccioni, M. Romero, A. Ruspa, M. Sacchi, R. Sola, V. Solano, A. Staiano, A. Vilela Pereira, A. Belforte, S. Cossutti, F. Della Ricca, G. Gobbo, B. Montanino, D. Penzo, A. Heo, S.G. Nam, S.K. Chang, S. Chung, J. Kim, D.H. Kim, G.N. Kim, J.E. Kong, D.J. Park, H. Ro, S.R. Son, D. Son, D.C. Son, T. Kim, Z. Kim, J.Y. Song, S. Choi, S. Hong, B. Jeong, M.S. Jo, M. Kim, H. Kim, J.H. Kim, T.J. Lee, K.S. Moon, D.H. Park, S.K. Rhee, H.B. Seo, E. Shin, S. Sim, K.S. Choi, M. Kang, S. Kim, H. Park, C. Park, I.C. Park, S. Ryu, G. Choi, Y. Choi, Y.K. Goh, J. Kim, M.S. Kwon, E. Lee, J. Lee, S. Seo, H. Yu, I. Bilinskas, M.J. Grigelionis, I. Janulis, M. Martisiute, D. Petrov, P. Sabonis, T. Castilla-Valdez, H. de La Cruz-Burelo, E. Heredia-de La Cruz, I. Lopez-Fernandez, R. Villalba, R.M. Sánchez-Hernández, A. Villaseñor-Cendejas, L.M. Carrillo Moreno, S. Vazquez Valencia, F. Salazar Ibarguen, H.A. Linares, E.C. Pineda, A.M. Reyes-Santos, M.A. Krofcheck, D. Tam, J. Butler, P.H. Doesburg, R. Silverwood, H. Ahmad, M. Ahmed, I. Asghar, M.I. Hoorani, H.R. Khan, W.A. Khurshid, T. Qazi, S. Brona, G. Cwiok, M. Dominik, W. Doroba, K. Kalinowski, A. Konecki, M. Krolikowski, J. Frueboes, T. Gokieli, R. Górski, M. Kazana, M. Nawrocki, K. Romanowska-Rybinska, K. Szleper, M. Wrochna, G. Zalewski, P. Almeida, N. Bargassa, P. David, A. Faccioli, P. Parracho, P.G.F. Gallinaro, M. Musella, P. Nayak, A. Ribeiro, P.Q. Seixas, J. Varela, J. Afanasiev, S. Belotelov, I. Bunin, P. Golutvin, I. Kamenev, A. Karjavin, V. Kozlov, G. Lanev, A. Moisenz, P. Palichik, V. Perelygin, V. Shmatov, S. Smirnov, V. Volodko, A. Zarubin, A. Golovtsov, V. Ivanov, Y. Kim, V. Levchenko, P. Murzin, V. Oreshkin, V. Smirnov, I. Sulimov, V. Uvarov, L. Vavilov, S. Vorobyev, A. Vorobyev, A. Andreev, Y. Dermenev, A. Gninenko, S. Golubev, N. Kirsanov, M. Krasnikov, N. Matveev, V. Pashenkov, A. Toropin, A. Troitsky, S. Epshteyn, V. Gavrilov, V. Kaftanov, V. Kossov, M. Krokhotin, A. Lychkovskaya, N. Popov, V. Safronov, G. Semenov, S. Stolin, V. Vlasov, E. Zhokin, A. Boos, E. Dubinin, M. Dudko, L. Ershov, A. Gribushin, A. Kodolova, O. Lokhtin, I. Markina, A. Obraztsov, S. Perfilov, M. Petrushanko, S. Sarycheva, L. Savrin, V. Snigirev, A. Andreev, V. Azarkin, M. Dremin, I. Kirakosyan, M. Leonidov, A. Rusakov, S.V. Vinogradov, A. Azhgirey, I. Bitioukov, S. Grishin, V. Kachanov, V. Konstantinov, D. Korablev, A. Krychkine, V. Petrov, V. Ryutin, R. Slabospitsky, S. Sobol, A. Tourtchanovitch, L. Troshin, S. Tyurin, N. Uzunian, A. Volkov, A. Adzic, P. Djordjevic, M. Krpic, D. Milosevic, J. Aguilar-Benitez, M. Maestre, J.A. Arce, P. Battilana, C. Calvo, E. Cepeda, M. Cerrada, M. Llatas, M.C. Colino, N. de La Cruz, B. Peris, A.D. Pardos, C.D. Domínguez, D. Bedoya, C.F. Ramos, J.P.F. Ferrando, A. Flix, J. Fouz, M.C. Garcia-Abia, P. Lopez, O.G. Lopez, S.G. Hernandez, J.M. Josa, M.I. Merino, G. Pelayo, J.P. Redondo, I. Romero, L. Santaolalla, J. Soares, M.S. Willmott, C. Albajar, C. Codispoti, G. de Trocóniz, J.F. Cuevas, J. Menendez, J.F. Folgueras, S. Caballero, I.G. Iglesias, L.L. Vizan Garcia, J.M. Brochero Cifuentes, J.A. Cabrillo, I.J. Calderon, A. Chuang, S.H. Campderros, J.D. Felcini, M. Fernandez, M. Gomez, G. Sanchez, J.G. Jorda, C. Pardo, P.L. Virto, A.L. Marco, J. Marco, R. Rivero, C.M. Matorras, F. Sanchez, F.J.M. Piedra Gomez, J. Rodrigo, T. Rodriguez-Marrero, A.Y. Jimeno, A.R. Scodellaro, L. Sanudo, M.S. Vila, I. Vilar Cortabitarte, R. Abbaneo, D. Auffray, E. Auzinger, G. Baillon, P. Ball, A.H. Barney, D. Bell, A.J. Benedetti, D. Bernet, C. Bialas, W. Bloch, P. Bocci, A. Bolognesi, S. Bona, M. Breuker, H. Bunkowski, K. Camporesi, T. Cerminara, G. Christiansen, T. Perez, J.A.C. Curé, B. D'Enterria, D. de Roeck, A. Di Guida, S. Dupont-Sagorin, N. Elliott-Peisert, A. Frisch, B. Funk, W. Gaddi, A. Georgiou, G. Gerwig, H. Gigi, D. Gill, K. Giordano, D. Glege, F. Garrido, R.G.-R. Gouzevitch, M. Govoni, P. Gowdy, S. Guiducci, L. Hansen, M. Hartl, C. Harvey, J. Hegeman, J. Hegner, B. Hoffmann, H.F. Honma, A. Innocente, V. Janot, P. Kaadze, K. Karavakis, E. Lecoq, P. Lourenço, C. Mäki, T. Malberti, M. Malgeri, L. Mannelli, M. Masetti, L. Maurisset, A. Meijers, F. Mersi, S. Meschi, E. Moser, R. Mozer, M.U. Mulders, M. Nesvold, E. Nguyen, M. Orimoto, T. Orsini, L. Cortezon, E.P. Perez, E. Petrilli, A. Pfeiffer, A. Pierini, M. Pimiä, M. Piparo, D. Polese, G. Racz, A. Antunes, J.R. Rolandi, G. Rommerskirchen, T. Rovere, M. Sakulin, H. Schäfer, C. Schwick, C. Segoni, I. Sharma, A. Siegrist, P. Simon, M. Sphicas, P. Spiropulu, M. Stoye, M. Tadel, M. Tropea, P. Tsirou, A. Vichoudis, P. Voutilainen, M. Zeuner, W.D. Bertl, W. Deiters, K. Erdmann, W. Gabathuler, K. Horisberger, R. 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Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

A measurement of the tt̄ production cross section in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV has been performed at the LHC with the CMS detector. The analysis uses a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb-1and is based on the reconstruction of the final state with one isolated, high transverse-momentum electron or muon and three or more hadronic jets. The kinematic properties of the events are used to separate the tt̄ signal from W+jets and QCD multijet background events. The measured cross section is 173+39 -32(stat. + syst.) pb, consistent with standard model expectations. © 2011 CERN for the benefit of the CMS collaboration.

Published
2011

3. First measurement of the underlying event activity at the LHC with √ = 0.9 TeV

Author

Khachatryan, V. Sirunyan, A.M. Tumasyan, A. Adam, W. Bergauer, T. Dragicevic, M. Erö, J. Fabjan, C. Friedl, M. Frühwirth, R. Ghete, V.M. Hammer, J. Hänsel, S. Hoch, M. Hörmann, N. Hrubec, J. Jeitler, M. Kasieczka, G. Kiesenhofer, W. Krammer, M. Liko, D. Mikulec, I. Pernicka, M. Rohringer, H. Schöfbeck, R. Strauss, J. Taurok, A. Teischinger, F. Waltenberger, W. Walzel, G. Widl, E. Wulz, C.-E. Mossolov, V. Shumeiko, N. Suarez Gonzalez, J. Benucci, L. Ceard, L. de Wolf, E.A. Hashemi, M. Janssen, X. Maes, T. Mucibello, L. Ochesanu, S. Roland, B. Rougny, R. Selvaggi, M. van Haevermaet, H. van Mechelen, P. van Remortel, N. Adler, V. Beauceron, S. Blyweert, S. D'Hondt, J. Devroede, O. Kalogeropoulos, A. Maes, J. Maes, M. Tavernier, S. van Doninck, W. van Mulders, P. Villella, I. Chabert, E.C. Charaf, O. Clerbaux, B. de Lentdecker, G. Dero, V. Gay, A.P.R. Hammad, G.H. Marage, P.E. Vander Velde, C. Vanlaer, P. Wickens, J. Costantini, S. Grunewald, M. Klein, B. Marinov, A. Ryckbosch, D. Thyssen, F. Tytgat, M. Vanelderen, L. Verwilligen, P. Walsh, S. Zaganidis, N. Basegmez, S. Bruno, G. Caudron, J. de Favereau De Jeneret, J. Delaere, C. Demin, P. Favart, D. Giammanco, A. Grégoire, G. Hollar, J. Lemaitre, V. Militaru, O. Ovyn, S. Pagano, D. Pin, A. Piotrzkowski, K. Quertenmont, L. Schul, N. Beliy, N. Caebergs, T. Daubie, E. Alves, G.A. Carneiro, M. Pol, M.E. Souza, M.H.G. Carvalho, W. Da Costa, E.M. de Jesus Damiao, D. de Oliveira Martins, C. Fonseca De Souza, S. Mundim, L. Nogima, H. Oguri, V. Santoro, A. Silva Do Amaral, S.M. Sznajder, A. Torres Da Silva De Araujo, F. Dias, F.A. Dias, M.A.F. Fernandez Perez Tomei, T.R. Gregores, E.M. Marinho, F. Novaes, S.F. Padula, S.S. Darmenov, N. Dimitrov, L. Genchev, V. Iaydjiev, P. Piperov, S. Stoykova, S. Sultanov, G. Trayanov, R. Vankov, I. Dyulendarova, M. Hadjiiska, R. Kozhuharov, V. Litov, L. Marinova, E. Mateev, M. Pavlov, B. Petkov, P. Bian, J.G. Chen, G.M. Chen, H.S. Jiang, C.H. Liang, D. Liang, S. Wang, J. Wang, J. 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Voutilainen, M. Zeuner, W.D. Bertl, W. Deiters, K. Erdmann, W. Gabathuler, K. Horisberger, R. Ingram, Q. Kaestli, H.C. König, S. Kotlinski, D. Langenegger, U. Meier, F. Renker, D. Rohe, T. Sibille, J. Starodumov, A. Caminada, L. Chen, Z. Cittolin, S. Dissertori, G. Dittmar, M. Eugster, J. Freudenreich, K. Grab, C. Hervé, A. Hintz, W. Lecomte, P. Lustermann, W. Marchica, C. Meridiani, P. Milenovic, P. Moortgat, F. Nardulli, A. Nef, P. Nessi-Tedaldi, F. Pape, L. Pauss, F. Punz, T. Rizzi, A. Ronga, F.J. Sala, L. Sanchez, A.K. Sawley, M.-C. Schinzel, D. Stieger, B. Tauscher, L. Thea, A. Theofilatos, K. Treille, D. Weber, M. Wehrli, L. Weng, J. Amsler, C. Chiochia, V. de Visscher, S. Rikova, M.I. Mejias, B.M. Regenfus, C. Robmann, P. Rommerskirchen, T. Schmidt, A. Tsirigkas, D. Wilke, L. Chang, Y.H. Chen, K.H. Chen, W.T. Go, A. Kuo, C.M. Li, S.W. Lin, W. Liu, M.H. Lu, Y.J. Wu, J.H. Yu, S.S. Bartalini, P. Chang, P. Chang, Y.H. Chang, Y.W. Chao, Y. Chen, K.F. Hou, W.-S. Hsiung, Y. Kao, K.Y. Lei, Y.J. Lin, S.W. Lu, R.-S. Shiu, J.G. Tzeng, Y.M. Ueno, K. Wang, C.C. Wang, M. Wei, J.T. Adiguzel, A. Ayhan, A. Bakirci, M.N. Cerci, S. Demir, Z. Dozen, C. Dumanoglu, I. Eskut, E. Girgis, S. Gökbulut, G. Güler, Y. Gurpinar, E. Hos, I. Kangal, E.E. Karaman, T. Topaksu, A.K. Nart, A. Önengüt, G. Ozdemir, K. Ozturk, S. Polatöz, A. Sahin, O. Sengul, O. Sogut, K. Tali, B. Topakli, H. Uzun, D. Vergili, L.N. Vergili, M. Zorbilmez, C. Akin, I.V. Aliev, T. Bilmis, S. Deniz, M. Gamsizkan, H. Guler, A.M. Ocalan, K. Ozpineci, A. Serin, M. Sever, R. Surat, U.E. Yildirim, E. Zeyrek, M. Deliomeroglu, M. Demir, D. Gülmez, E. Halu, A. Isildak, B. Kaya, M. Kaya, O. Özbek, M. Ozkorucuklu, S. Sonmez, N. Levchuk, L. Bell, P. Bostock, F. Brooke, J.J. Cheng, T.L. Cussans, D. Frazier, R. Goldstein, J. Hansen, M. Heath, G.P. Heath, H.F. Hill, C. Huckvale, B. Jackson, J. Kreczko, L. Mackay, C.K. Metson, S. Newbold, D.M. Nirunpong, K. Smith, V.J. Ward, S. Basso, L. Bell, K.W. Belyaev, A. Brew, C. Brown, R.M. Camanzi, B. Cockerill, D.J.A. Coughlan, J.A. Harder, K. Harper, S. Kennedy, B.W. Olaiya, E. Petyt, D. Radburn-Smith, B.C. Shepherd-Themistocleous, C.H. Tomalin, I.R. Womersley, W.J. Worm, S.D. Bainbridge, R. Ball, G. Ballin, J. Beuselinck, R. Buchmuller, O. Colling, D. Cripps, N. Cutajar, M. Davies, G. della Negra, M. Foudas, C. Fulcher, J. Futyan, D. Bryer, A.G. Hall, G. Hatherell, Z. Hays, J. Iles, G. Karapostoli, G. Lyons, L. Magnan, A.-M. Marrouche, J. Nandi, R. Nash, J. Nikitenko, A. Papageorgiou, A. Pesaresi, M. Petridis, K. Pioppi, M. Raymond, D.M. Rompotis, N. Rose, A. Ryan, M.J. Seez, C. Sharp, P. Sparrow, A. Tapper, A. Tourneur, S. Acosta, M.V. Virdee, T. Wakefield, S. Wardrope, D. Whyntie, T. Barrett, M. Chadwick, M. Cole, J.E. Hobson, P.R. Khan, A. Kyberd, P. Leslie, D. Reid, I.D. Teodorescu, L. Bose, T. Jarrin, E.C. Clough, A. Heister, A. John, J.S. Lawson, P. Lazic, D. Rohlf, J. Sulak, L. Andrea, J. Avetisyan, A. Bhattacharya, S. Chou, J.P. Cutts, D. Esen, S. Ferapontov, A. Heintz, U. Jabeen, S. Kukartsev, G. Landsberg, G. Narain, M. Nguyen, D. Speer, T. Tsang, K.V. Borgia, M.A. Breedon, R. Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, M. Cebra, D. Chertok, M. Conway, J. Cox, P.T. Dolen, J. Erbacher, R. Friis, E. Ko, W. Kopecky, A. Lander, R. Liu, H. Maruyama, S. Miceli, T. Nikolic, M. Pellett, D. Robles, J. Schwarz, T. Searle, M. Smith, J. Squires, M. Tripathi, M. Sierra, R.V. Veelken, C. Andreev, V. Arisaka, K. Cline, D. Cousins, R. Deisher, A. Erhan, S. Farrell, C. Felcini, M. Hauser, J. Ignatenko, M. Jarvis, C. Plager, C. Rakness, G. Schlein, P. Tucker, J. Valuev, V. Wallny, R. Babb, J. Clare, R. Ellison, J. Gary, J.W. Hanson, G. Jeng, G.Y. Kao, S.C. Liu, F. Liu, H. Luthra, A. Nguyen, H. Pasztor, G. Satpathy, A. Shen, B.C. Stringer, R. Sturdy, J. Sumowidagdo, S. Wilken, R. Wimpenny, S. Andrews, W. Branson, J.G. Dusinberre, E. Evans, D. Golf, F. Holzner, A. Kelley, R. Lebourgeois, M. Letts, J. Mangano, B. Muelmenstaedt, J. Padhi, S. Palmer, C. Petrucciani, G. Pi, H. Pieri, M. Ranieri, R. Sani, M. Sharma, V. Simon, S. Tu, Y. Vartak, A. Würthwein, F. Yagil, A. Barge, D. Bellan, R. Blume, M. Campagnari, C. D'Alfonso, M. Danielson, T. Garberson, J. Incandela, J. Justus, C. Kalavase, P. Koay, S.A. Kovalskyi, D. Krutelyov, V. Lamb, J. Lowette, S. Pavlunin, V. Rebassoo, F. Ribnik, J. Richman, J. Rossin, R. Stuart, D. To, W. Vlimant, J.R. Witherell, M. Bornheim, A. Bunn, J. Gataullin, M. Kcira, D. Litvine, V. Ma, Y. Newman, H.B. Rogan, C. Shin, K. Timciuc, V. Traczyk, P. Veverka, J. Wilkinson, R. Yang, Y. Zhu, R.Y. Akgun, B. Carroll, R. Ferguson, T. Jang, D.W. Jun, S.Y. Liu, Y.F. Paulini, M. Russ, J. Terentyev, N. Vogel, H. Vorobiev, I. Cumalat, J.P. Dinardo, M.E. Drell, B.R. Edelmaier, C.J. Ford, W.T. Heyburn, B. Lopez, E.L. Nauenberg, U. Smith, J.G. Stenson, K. Ulmer, K.A. Wagner, S.R. Zang, S.L. Agostino, L. Alexander, J. Blekman, F. Chatterjee, A. Das, S. Eggert, N. Fields, L.J. Gibbons, L.K. Heltsley, B. Hopkins, W. Khukhunaishvili, A. Kreis, B. Kuznetsov, V. Kaufman, G.N. Patterson, J.R. Puigh, D. Riley, D. Ryd, A. Saelim, M. Shi, X. Sun, W. Teo, W.D. Thom, J. Thompson, J. Vaughan, J. Weng, Y. Wittich, P. Biselli, A. Cirino, G. Winn, D. Abdullin, S. Albrow, M. Anderson, J. Apollinari, G. Atac, M. Bakken, J.A. Banerjee, S. Bauerdick, L.A.T. Beretvas, A. Berryhill, J. Bhat, P.C. Bloch, I. Borcherding, F. Burkett, K. Butler, J.N. Chetluru, V. Cheung, H.W.K. Chlebana, F. Cihangir, S. Demarteau, M. Eartly, D.P. Elvira, V.D. Fisk, I. Freeman, J. Gao, Y. Gottschalk, E. Green, D. Gutsche, O. Hahn, A. Hanlon, J. Harris, R.M. Hirschauer, J. James, E. Jensen, H. Johnson, M. Joshi, U. Khatiwada, R. Kilminster, B. Klima, B. Kousouris, K. Kunori, S. Kwan, S. Limon, P. Lipton, R. Lykken, J. Maeshima, K. Marraffino, J.M. Mason, D. McBride, P. McCauley, T. Miao, T. Mishra, K. Mrenna, S. Musienko, Y. Newman-Holmes, C. O'Dell, V. Popescu, S. Pordes, R. Prokofyev, O. Saoulidou, N. Sexton-Kennedy, E. Sharma, S. Smith, R.P. Soha, A. Spalding, W.J. Spiegel, L. Tan, P. Taylor, L. Tkaczyk, S. Uplegger, L. Vaandering, E.W. Vidal, R. Whitmore, J. Wu, W. Yumiceva, F. Yun, J.C. Acosta, D. Avery, P. Bourilkov, D. Chen, M. Giovanni, G.P.D. Dobur, D. Drozdetskiy, A. Field, R.D. Fu, Y. Furic, I.K. Gartner, J. Kim, B. Klimenko, S. Konigsberg, J. Korytov, A. Kotov, K. Kropivnitskaya, A. Kypreos, T. Matchev, K. Mitselmakher, G. Muniz, L. Pakhotin, Y. Gomez, J.P. Prescott, C. Remington, R. Schmitt, M. Scurlock, B. Sellers, P. Wang, D. Yelton, J. Zakaria, M. Ceron, C. Gaultney, V. Kramer, L. Lebolo, L.M. Linn, S. Markowitz, P. Martinez, G. Mesa, D. Rodriguez, J.L. Adams, T. Askew, A. Chen, J. Diamond, B. Gleyzer, S.V. Haas, J. Hagopian, S. Hagopian, V. Jenkins, M. Johnson, K.F. Prosper, H. Sekmen, S. Veeraraghavan, V. Baarmand, M.M. Guragain, S. Hohlmann, M. Kalakhety, H. Mermerkaya, H. Ralich, R. Vodopiyanov, I. Adams, M.R. Anghel, I.M. Apanasevich, L. Bazterra, V.E. Betts, R.R. Callner, J. Cavanaugh, R. Dragoiu, C. Garcia-Solis, E.J. Gerber, C.E. Hofman, D.J. Khalatian, S. Lacroix, F. Shabalina, E. Smoron, A. Strom, D. Varelas, N. Akgun, U. Albayrak, E.A. Bilki, B. Cankocak, K. Clarida, W. Duru, F. Lae, C.K. McCliment, E. Merlo, J.-P. Mestvirishvili, A. Moeller, A. Nachtman, J. Newsom, C.R. Norbeck, E. Olson, J. Onel, Y. Ozok, F. Sen, S. Wetzel, J. Yetkin, T. Yi, K. Barnett, B.A. Blumenfeld, B. Bonato, A. Eskew, C. Fehling, D. Giurgiu, G. Gritsan, A.V. Guo, Z.J. Hu, G. Maksimovic, P. Rappoccio, S. Swartz, M. Tran, N.V. Whitbeck, A. Baringer, P. Bean, A. Benelli, G. Grachov, O. Murray, M. Radicci, V. Sanders, S. Wood, J.S. Zhukova, V. Bandurin, D. Bolton, T. Chakaberia, I. Ivanov, A. Kaadze, K. Maravin, Y. Shrestha, S. Svintradze, I. Wan, Z. Gronberg, J. Lange, D. Wright, D. Baden, A. Boutemeur, M. Eno, S.C. Ferencek, D. Hadley, N.J. Kellogg, R.G. Kirn, M. Mignerey, A.C. Rossato, K. Rumerio, P. Santanastasio, F. Skuja, A. Temple, J. Tonjes, M.B. Tonwar, S.C. Twedt, E. Alver, B. Bauer, G. Bendavid, J. Busza, W. Butz, E. Cali, I.A. Chan, M. D'Enterria, D. Everaerts, P. Ceballos, G.G. Goncharov, M. Hahn, K.A. Harris, P. Kim, Y. Klute, M. Lee, Y.-J. Li, W. Loizides, C. Luckey, P.D. Ma, T. Nahn, S. Paus, C. Roland, C. Roland, G. Rudolph, M. Stephans, G.S.F. Sumorok, K. Sung, K. Wenger, E.A. Wyslouch, B. Xie, S. Yilmaz, Y. Yoon, A.S. Zanetti, M. Cole, P. Cooper, S.I. Cushman, P. Dahmes, B. de Benedetti, A. Dudero, P.R. Franzoni, G. Haupt, J. Klapoetke, K. Kubota, Y. Mans, J. Rekovic, V. Rusack, R. Sasseville, M. Singovsky, A. Cremaldi, L.M. Godang, R. Kroeger, R. Perera, L. Rahmat, R. Sanders, D.A. Sonnek, P. Summers, D. Bloom, K. Bose, S. Butt, J. Claes, D.R. Dominguez, A. Eads, M. Keller, J. Kelly, T. Kravchenko, I. Lazo-Flores, J. Lundstedt, C. Malbouisson, H. Malik, S. Snow, G.R. Baur, U. Iashvili, I. Kharchilava, A. Kumar, A. Smith, K. Zennamo, J. Alverson, G. Barberis, E. Baumgartel, D. Boeriu, O. Reucroft, S. Swain, J. Wood, D. Zhang, J. Anastassov, A. Kubik, A. Ofierzynski, R.A. Pozdnyakov, A. Schmitt, M. Stoynev, S. Velasco, M. Won, S. Antonelli, L. Berry, D. Hildreth, M. Jessop, C. Karmgard, D.J. Kolb, J. Kolberg, T. Lannon, K. Lynch, S. Marinelli, N. Morse, D.M. Ruchti, R. Slaunwhite, J. Valls, N. Warchol, J. Wayne, M. Ziegler, J. Bylsma, B. Durkin, L.S. Gu, J. Killewald, P. Ling, T.Y. Rodenburg, M. Williams, G. Adam, N. Berry, E. Elmer, P. Gerbaudo, D. Halyo, V. Hunt, A. Jones, J. Laird, E. Pegna, D.L. Marlow, D. Medvedeva, T. Mooney, M. Olsen, J. Piroué, P. Stickland, D. Tully, C. Werner, J.S. Zuranski, A. Acosta, J.G. Huang, X.T. Lopez, A. Mendez, H. Oliveros, S. Vargas, J.E.R. Zatzerklyaniy, A. Alagoz, E. Barnes, V.E. Bolla, G. Borrello, L. Bortoletto, D. Everett, A. Garfinkel, A.F. Gecse, Z. Gutay, L. Jones, M. Koybasi, O. Laasanen, A.T. Leonardo, N. Liu, C. Maroussov, V. Merkel, P. Miller, D.H. Neumeister, N. Potamianos, K. Shipsey, I. Silvers, D. Yoo, H.D. Zablocki, J. Zheng, Y. Jindal, P. Parashar, N. Cuplov, V. Ecklund, K.M. Geurts, F.J.M. Liu, J.H. Morales, J. Padley, B.P. Redjimi, R. Roberts, J. Betchart, B. Bodek, A. Chung, Y.S. de Barbaro, P. Demina, R. Flacher, H. Garcia-Bellido, A. Gotra, Y. Han, J. Harel, A. Miner, D.C. Orbaker, D. Petrillo, G. Vishnevskiy, D. Zielinski, M. Bhatti, A. Demortier, L. Goulianos, K. Hatakeyama, K. Lungu, G. Mesropian, C. Yan, M. Atramentov, O. Gershtein, Y. Gray, R. Halkiadakis, E. Hidas, D. Hits, D. Lath, A. Rose, K. Schnetzer, S. Somalwar, S. Stone, R. Thomas, S. Cerizza, G. Hollingsworth, M. Spanier, S. Yang, Z.C. York, A. Asaadi, J. Eusebi, R. Gilmore, J. Gurrola, A. Kamon, T. Khotilovich, V. Montalvo, R. Nguyen, C.N. Pivarski, J. Safonov, A. Sengupta, S. Toback, D. Weinberger, M. Akchurin, N. Bardak, C. Damgov, J. Jeong, C. Kovitanggoon, K. Lee, S.W. Mane, P. Roh, Y. Sill, A. Volobouev, I. Wigmans, R. Yazgan, E. Appelt, E. Brownson, E. Engh, D. Florez, C. Gabella, W. Johns, W. Kurt, P. Maguire, C. Melo, A. Sheldon, P. Velkovska, J. Arenton, M.W. Balazs, M. Boutle, S. Buehler, M. Conetti, S. Cox, B. Hirosky, R. Ledovskoy, A. Neu, C. Yohay, R. Gollapinni, S. Gunthoti, K. Harr, R. Karchin, P.E. Mattson, M. Milstène, C. Sakharov, A. Anderson, M. Bachtis, M. Bellinger, J.N. Carlsmith, D. Dasu, S. Dutta, S. Efron, J. Gray, L. Grogg, K.S. Grothe, M. Herndon, M. Klabbers, P. Klukas, J. Lanaro, A. Lazaridis, C. Leonard, J. Lomidze, D. Loveless, R. Mohapatra, A. Polese, G. Reeder, D. Savin, A. Smith, W.H. Swanson, J. Weinberg, M.

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

A measurement of the underlying activity in scattering processes with pT scale in the GeV region is performed in proton-proton collisions at √ = 0.9 TeV, using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Charged particle production is studied with reference to the direction of a leading object, either a charged particle or a set of charged particles forming a jet. Predictions of several QCD-inspired models as implemented in PYTHIA are compared, after full detector simulation, to the data. The models generally predict too little production of charged particles with pseudorapidity {pipe}η{pipe} < 2, pT > 0.5 GeV/c, and azimuthal direction transverse to that of the leading object. © 2010 CERN for benefit of the CMS collaboration.

Published
2010

4. Mechanisms of action of, and modes of resistance to, alkylating agents used in the treatment of haematological malignancies

Author

M.J. Tilby and A.G. Hall

Subjects
Melphalan, Alkylating Agents, Lymphoma, DNA damage, medicine.medical_treatment, Drug Resistance, Antineoplastic Agents, Drug resistance, Mice, medicine, Animals, Humans, Prodrugs, Mechlorethamine, Glutathione Transferase, Chemotherapy, Leukemia, Ifosfamide, Chlorambucil, business.industry, DNA, Neoplasm, Neoplasms, Experimental, Hematology, Oncology, Mechanism of action, Drug Design, Inactivation, Metabolic, Immunology, Cancer research, medicine.symptom, business, Busulfan, DNA Damage, medicine.drug
Abstract

Although the alkylating agents were amongst the first non-hormonal compounds to be shown to be active against malignant cells they still rank as some of the most valuable cytotoxic drugs available for the treatment of patients with leukaemia and lymphoma. Melphalan, chlorambucil, busulfan, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide and the nitrosoureas are all members of this class of drug, which are believed to exert their cytotoxic effects through the covalent linkage of alkyl groups to DNA. In the first report describing the use of alkylating agents in clinical practice the problem of drug resistance was recognised. In spite of this there is still comparatively little known about the mechanisms underlying the development of resistance as it occurs in patients. Studies using animal models and cell lines have suggested that both cellular and extracellular factors may be involved, but the precise relevance of these to the clinical setting is unclear. A greater understanding of the mode of action and mechanisms of resistance to alkylating agents should enable the development of modulators capable of the restoration of sensitivity to resistant cells, and the more effective use of these well established drugs.

Published
1992
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6. Eleven Year Follow Up of an African-American Adolescent with Destructive Sinus Disease and Intermittent Asthma Diagnosed with Allergic Fungal Sinusitis (AFS) and Incidentally Found to have Allergic Bronchopulmonary Mycosis (ABPM)

Author

A.E. Morris, A.G. Hall, and Gailen D. Marshall

Subjects
African american, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Immunology, Sinus disease, medicine, Allergic fungal sinusitis, Immunology and Allergy, Intermittent asthma, business, Dermatology, Allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis, Surgery
Published
2012
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7. Drug resistance mechanisms in leukaemia

Author

A.R. Cattan and A.G. Hall

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Leukemia, business.industry, Drug Resistance, Antineoplastic Agents, Hematology, Disease, Drug resistance, Negative therapeutic reaction, Surgery, medicine, Humans, In patient, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Intensive care medicine, business
Abstract

Summary Although considerable advances have been made over the past 20 years in the treatment of leukaemia, many patients still die either of their disease, or of the attempts made to cure it. A major contribution to this unacceptable level of mortality is the presence of drug resistance in the residual leukaemic cells. Although many laboratory studies have been performed which have indicated possible cellular mechanisms for the development of resistance, comparatively little is known of the relevance of these processes to resistance as it occurs in patients. Information from such studies should provide a basis for the rational design of agents capable of reversing resistance, and thereby improving the chances of achieving sustainable remission in the majority of patients presenting with leukaemia.

Published
1991

9. Neural network approach to fault diagnosis in CMOS opamps with gate oxide short faults

Author

G.E. Taylor, A.G. Hall, B.W. Jervis, I.M. Bell, S. Yu, and K.R. Eckersall

Subjects
Engineering, Artificial neural network, business.industry, Integrated circuit, Fault (power engineering), Fault detection and isolation, law.invention, Sine wave, CMOS, Gate oxide, law, Operational amplifier, Electronic engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, human activities
Abstract

Faults owing to gate oxide shorts in a CMOS opamp have been diagnosed in simulations using artificial neural networks to identify corresponding variations in supply current. Ramp and sinusoidal signals gave fault diagnostic accuracy of 67 and 83%, respectively. Using both test signals 100% diagnostic accuracy was achieved.

Published
1994
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10. Non-equilibrium Green's functions and kinetic equations

Author

A.G. Hall

Subjects
Physics, Independent equation, Biophysics, Kinetic scheme, Markov process, Condensed Matter Physics, Green S, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, Classical mechanics, chemistry, Kinetic equations, Simultaneous equations, Quantum mechanics, symbols, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, Quantum
Abstract

The use of non-equilibrium statistical Green's functions for the derivation of kinetic equations is considered. Strong interactions are studied. A number of Boltzmann-like equations are derived for quantum, classical, Markovian and non-Markovian, inhomogeneous systems.

Published
1974
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11. Time-path method for the evolution of reduced density matrices in nonequilibrium systems

Author

A.G. Hall

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, Density matrix, Time path, Operator (physics), Mathematical analysis, Kinetic scheme, Markov process, Non-equilibrium thermodynamics, Condensed Matter Physics, symbols.namesake, Diagrammatic reasoning, symbols, Statistical physics, Perturbation theory, Mathematics
Abstract

Wick's theorem for a nonequilibrium system with initial correlations is used to derive a diagrammatic perturbation theory for reduced density matrices, the single-particle density matrix being studied explicitly. This is extended to the derivation of kinetic equations and a convenient form for markovian kinetic equations is found. This method is independent of Liouville operator methods.

Published
1975
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13. On the use of quantum mechanical methods in classical statistical mechanics

Author

A.G. Hall

Subjects
Biophysics, Statistical mechanics, Condensed Matter Physics, Imaginary time, Classical limit, Quantum chaos, Classical mechanics, Master equation, Method of quantum characteristics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Quantum statistical mechanics, Quantum dissipation, Molecular Biology, Mathematics
Abstract

A classical statistical probability amplitude is introduced whose square modulus is the distribution function. This enables the analogy between classical statistical mechanics and quantum mechanics to be completed. The analogy is developed until quantum statistical derivations can be used in classical statistical mechanics. Two master equations are found: the classical equivalent of the Pauli Master Equation, and a generally valid master equation. Well-known classical equations are deduced from these in a special representation. Interference terms are found and discussed.

Published
1971
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14. Progress in acute leukaemia in adults

Author

Michael M. Reid, P. J. Hamilton, Peter Carey, S. J. Proctor, and A.G. Hall

Subjects
Adult, business.industry, Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute, Medicine, Humans, General Medicine, business, Prognosis
Published
1986

15. Case report: Hodgkin's disease involving the large bowel

Author

R.G.B. Evans, M. Curtis, A.G. Hall, S. J. Proctor, and Robert W. Taylor

Subjects
Gerontology, Hodgkin s, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Disease, General Medicine, Mesenteric nodes, Descending colon, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Radiology, Presentation (obstetrics), business
Abstract

A case is described in which Hodgkin's disease occurred in the descending colon and adjacent mesenteric nodes as the only site of relapse. This rare presentation is discussed, with a review of the available literature.

Published
1988
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16. Disappearance of unlinked graphs in field theory and the many body problem

Author

A.G. Hall

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Pure mathematics, Scalar field theory, Mean field theory, Thermal quantum field theory, Quantum mechanics, Mathematics::Metric Geometry, Quantum gravity, Liouville field theory, Unified field theory, Relationship between string theory and quantum field theory, Ultraviolet fixed point
Abstract

Using the time path method introduced in the non-equilibrium many-body problem the contribution to perturbation series in field theory or many-body theory from unlinked graphs is shown to vanish identically due to a causality principle.

Published
1975
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