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ABSTRACT In Veterinary Medicine, diseases restricted to the gallbladder (GB) are uncommon in dogs. The histopathological examination of GB is considered the gold standard. However, abdominal ultrasound examination is increasingly included in the veterinary clinical routine, as it allows changes in previously underdiagnosed GB to have a more accurate diagnosis. The aim of this study was to identify, quantify and correlate the different aspects of GB in dogs through ultrasound and histopathological examinations. The GB of 60 dog cadavers were evaluated, without predilection for sex, age, and breed. The results demonstrated that the ultrasound examination, when compared to the histopathological examination, presented 83% agreement in the analysis of general data for the presence or absence of GB changes. The level of agreement in the Kappa test was considerably high (K=0.63). There was a high agreement in the diagnosis of changes observed by ultrasound and histopathological examinations, when compared “affected” or “non affected”. However, when compared the findings of mucocele, cystic mucinous hyperplasia and cholecystitis, there is a low Kappa agreement. Thus, ultrasound examination is an excellent tool for identifying changes related to the GB. However, more studies must be carried out to deepen the understanding of the correlation between imaging and pathological findings to lead diagnostic conclusions.

ABSTRACT Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA) is a congenital genetic defect primarily found in Collie dogs but occasionally in other breeds. Its significance lies in its genetic implications for breeding in predisposed breeds. Diagnosing CEA can be challenging and relies on clinical history, epidemiological data, clinical and ophthalmological examinations, and ocular ultrasonography to assess the extent of damage and prognosis. This article presents a case of CEA in a 6-month-old Border Collie dog who exhibited reduced vision and acute hyphema. The condition was diagnosed through direct ophthalmoscopy and ocular ultrasonography

ABSTRACT This retrospective case series study describes the clinical and vascular ultrasound findings of 26 dogs diagnosed with abdominal thrombosis. Images were selected based on the detection of intravascular echogenic thrombus or the absence of vascular flow on color Doppler, confirmed by surgery or necropsy. Images were acquired using the Mylab 40 model, with linear and microconvex multifrequency probes. All the reports were evaluated along with the corresponding images by a veterinary diagnostic imaging radiologist. The ultrasonographic aspects evaluated were echogenicity (92.3%), anechogenicity (7.7%), vascularization (11.5%), mineralization (15.4%), and recanalization (7.7%) of the thrombosis. The vascular and hemodynamic findings were dilation of the affected vein (57.7%), total occlusion of blood flow (30.8%), presence of turbulent flow (65.38%), and visualization of smoke signal (blood flow detected as moving echogenic points in dynamic bidimensional mode) (11.5%). Neoplasms (19 cases) and nephropathies (13 cases) were the most common clinical conditions in the affected dogs. Eleven cases of vascular invasion due to adrenal neoplasms were identified. The results indicate that the vascular ultrasound examination is an important method for diagnosis, as 23 of the 26 cases did not show any clinical signs of thrombosis.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to calculate the collapsibility index (CI) in a group of 15 healthy adult mixed breed cats via right hepatic intercostal ultrasound view. The minimal and the maximal diameters of the caudal vena cava (CVC) were obtained during inspiration and expiration, respectively, then CI was calculated. The mean diameter of the CVC was 0.5cm. The mean CI was 28±3% and CI was not significantly associated with gender. As in human medicine, there is a growing need for less invasive monitoring in small animal practice. The CI enables the assessment of estimated volemia without the need for a central venous catheter. This is the first reported study investigating CI in cats.

The aim of this study was to assess the sogographic parameters and biometry of canine fetal kidneys using the B mode, and to determinate the vascular index of the fetal renal arteries using the Doppler Triplex. Twenty four Shi-tzu and Pug, weighting between 4 and 10kg, aging between 4 and 6 years old were evaluated. The B mode, the fetal renal echobiometry and regularity of the renal surface, echotexture and cortex:medular ratio were evaluated during the 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th weeks of pregnancy. At the same time point of the B mode evaluation, the Doppler Triplex was carried out to assess the sistolic peak velocity (SPV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), vascular resistive (RI) and pulsatility index (PI). B mode revealed no fetal renal abnormalities and echobiometry showed important measurements during fetal development (P0.05). B mode and Doppler Triplex were important tools for the assessment of fetal renal development, using echobiometry and renal arterial index in canie fetuses.

O interesse pelo estudo do sistema nervoso central vem crescendo na Medicina Veterinária. A ultrassonografia transcraniana (USTC) tem a vantagem de não ser invasiva e ter baixo custo quando comparada à tomografia computadorizada (TC) e à imagem em ressonância magnética (RM). O osso temporal tem sido utilizado como janela acústica na realização da USTC em seres humanos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo correlacionar imagens ultrassonográficas transcranianas obtidas através das janelas temporal e occipital com a anatomia encefálica em cães adultos hígidos, e padronizar a técnica de exame. Foram utilizados 37 cães adultos, sem raça definida: 30 animais in vivo, para realização da técnica, e sete cadáveres, para a secção do encéfalo, à similitude dos planos de imagem obtidos ao USTC. Os dados foram analisados utilizando o teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a USTC é um método diagnóstico viável para a avaliação do encéfalo de cães com peso corporal até 10kg, por meio de planos dorsal e dorsais oblíquos, sem a necessidade de anestesiar o paciente.

A proposta com este trabalho foi avaliar a hemiarcada superior direita de gatos domésticos por meio de técnicas radiográficas odontológicas do paralelismo, empregando-se filmes intraorais aos posicionadores de Han Shin. As imagens obtidas por essa metodologia foram correlacionadas com as técnicas radiográficas convencionais (extraorais), com o intuito de se estabelecerem vantagens ou desvantagens para detectar possíveis afecções dentais e periodontais. Foram utilizados 30 gatos, sem raça definida, 17 machos e 13 fêmeas, faixa etária entre um e três anos, confinados em gatis do Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Lavras/MG. Com os animais sob anestesia geral, foram realizadas radiografias da hemiarcada superior direita, incluindo três incisivos, um canino, três pré-molares e um molar em radiografias intraorais e extraorais. As imagens radiográficas foram analisadas e efetuaram-se comparações qualitativas entre pares intraorais e convencionais dos mesmos animais. Para se estabelecer a técnica radiográfica dental mais bem adaptada, foram realizadas análises estatísticas pelo teste de McNemar (qui-quadrado modificado). A técnica intraoral mostrou ser superior à extraoral (PThe aim of this research was to evaluate the right maxilla hemiarcade of cats through parallel dental radiographic techniques, applying Han Shin intraoral film positioner. Images obtained with this method were correlated with conventional radiographic techniques (extraoral). The goal was to establish the advantages and disadvantages to detect possible dental and periodontal diseases. Thirty mixed breed cats were evaluated, 17 males and 13 females, ages one to three years old, confined in catteries in the Department of Zootecnia of the Federal University of Lavras/MG. Radiographies of the right maxilla were taken with the animals under general anesthesia, and three incisors, one canine, three premolars and one molar teeth were included in the intraoral and extraoral images. The radiographic images were analyzed and a qualitative comparison of pairs of intraoral and conventional images from the same animals was achieved. To establish the dental image procedures that were better adapted for cats, the McNemar Test (Modified Qui-Square) was used for statistical analysis. The intraoral technique was superior than the extra oral (P

Avaliaram-se os efeitos da suplementação de dois tipos de probióticos para cães filhotes da raça Beagle, que receberam dois tipos de dieta de alta e baixa qualidade, sobre os achados em exames de diagnóstico por imagem. Foram utilizados 18 cães filhotes da raça Beagle, distribuídos em três tratamentos inteiramente ao acaso: tratamento 1, controle (ração); tratamento 2, ração com probiótico 1 (Bifidobacterium); e tratamento 3, ração com probiótico 2 (Lactobacillus). O experimento foi dividido em duas fases, cada uma caracterizada pela mudança da dieta de qualidades diferentes. Ao exame ultrassonográfico, foi avaliada a espessura da parede gastrintestinal, e ao radiográfico, a presença de gás em alças intestinais e o espessamento da parede. Observou-se aumento da espessura da parede das alças intestinais (P0,05) entre os tratamentos quanto ao escore de gás intestinal. A avaliação quantitativa permitiu a determinação de um escore de gás intestinal, de forma não invasiva, por meio do software Image J®. Concluiu-se que o diagnóstico por imagem sustenta a recomendação dessa metodologia como ferramenta auxiliar na avaliação nutricional de dietas para cães.The effects of supplementation with types of probiotics for beagle puppies that received high and low quality diets on the findings of imaging techniques were evaluaded. Eighteen animals were distributed in three randomized treatments: 1, control (diet), 2, diet with a probiotic (Bifidobacterium), and 3, diet with another probiotic (Lactobacillus). The experiment was divided into two phases each characterized by a change of diet. By ultrasonography, the thickness of the gastrointestinal wall was evaluated as well the presence of gas in the bowel and thickening of the wall by radiography. There was an increase in the thickness of the intestinal wall (P 0.05) were observed among treatments for scores of intestinal gas. The quantitative analysis allowed the determination of a score of intestinal gas, noninvasively, using the software Image J ®. It was concluded that the imaging technique supports the recommendation of this method as an auxiliary tool in nutritional assessment of diets for dogs.

Relata-se a avaliação ultrassonográfica, com auxílio do Doppler em cores, da anomalia vascular portossistêmica em um cão da raça Poodle Toy, que apresentou edema pulmonar e alterações gastrintestinais. Ao exame ultrassonográfico, foram observados vasos portais dilatados e tortuosos. Esses resultados associados aos achados clínicos e laboratoriais permitem identificar a anomalia vascular portossistêmica no paciente.It was reported the ultrasonographic evaluation, assisted to Doppler color, of the portosystemic vascular anomaly in a Poodle Toy dog. The dog was referred with lung edema and gastrointestinal alterations. At ultrasonographic exam, portal vessels were extended and tortuous. These findings associated to clinical and laboratorial findings, allowed to identify the vascular portosystemic anomaly in the patient.

ABSTRACT Computed tomography of the brain is necessary as part of the diagnosis of lesions of the central nervous system. In this study we used six domestic cats, male or female, aged between one and five years, evaluated by Computed Tomography (CT) examination without clinical signs of central nervous system disorders. Two euthanized animals stating a condition unrelated to the nervous system were incorporated into this study. The proposal consisted in establishing detailed anatomical description of tomographic images of normal brain of cats, using as reference anatomical images of cross sections of the stained brain and cranial part, with thicknesses similar to the planes of the CT images. CT examinations were performed with and without intravenous iodinated contrast media for live animals. With one euthanized animal, the brain was removed and immediately preserved in 10% formalin for later achievement in cross-sectional thickness of approximately 4mm and staining technique of Barnard, and Robert Brown. The head of another animal was disarticulated in the Atlanto-occipital region and frozen at -20ºC then sliced to a thickness of about 5mm. The description of visualized anatomical structures using tomography is useful as a guide and allows transcribing with relative accuracy the brain region affected by an injury, and thus correlating it with the clinical symptoms of the patient, providing additional information and consequent improvement to veterinarians during the course of surgical clinic in this species.

ABSTRACT We report an unusual case of obstructive fibrosis of the venous ring of Fürstenberg in all four quarters of the udder of a cow of the Girolando breed (3/8 Gir and 5/8 Dutch). The information was obtained through a review of medical records, anamnesis, and imaging methods such as theloscopy and ultrasonography. Histopathological analysis provided a definitive diagnosis.

ABSTRACT A 3 year old female feline of mixed breed was sent to the diagnostic imaging sector under suspicion of bleeding due to ovariohysterectomy. An abdominal ultrasonography was performed to confirm the initial suspicion. However, no signs of bleeding were found, instead it was observed that the left renal silhouette had two pelvises and was elongated and larger than normal. The right kidney was not found. Excretory urography was requested to evaluate the condition of the ureters. The final diagnosis was crossed renal ectopia with fusion in an asymptomatic cat with no changes in renal function.

ABSTRACT A 16-year-old female Poodle entered UFMG’s Veterinary Hospital with severe prostration, lack of appetite, and vomit. During physical examination, abdominal pain, dehydration, and hyperglycemia (448mg/dl) were found, therefore the animal was admitted under the suspicion of diabetic ketoacidosis. Screening revealed metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, glycosuria, ketonuria, and proteinuria. Leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, increase in the number of hepatic enzymes and hyperglycemia were also present in these tests. The ultrasound images showed a smaller and hypoechogenic pancreas, irregularity and folds in duodenum and reactivity of the surrounding tissue, indicating pancreatitis. Thirty days after the dog had been discharged for treatment at home, it was taken back to the veterinary hospital due to status epilepticus, which motivated the owner’s decision of euthanasia. During post mortem examination no trace of pancreas was found. On histological examination of the adipose tissue next to the duodenum, only one pancreatic duct was seen, together with inflamatory cells , thus characterizing a rare case of total pancreatic destruction due to pancreatitis.

ABSTRACT Portosystemic shunt (PSS) is an anomalous vascular connection between the portal venous system and the systemic circulation. These deviations connect the main portal vein (PV) or some portal branches to the vena cava (VC) or, less commonly, to the azygos vein (AV). The purpose of this case report was to describe the diagnosis of PSS in a dog classified as porto-azygos. This diagnosis is considered uncommon compared to other portosystemic shunts using ultrasonography and portography. The subject was a male dog, Yorkshire, 8 months old, presented neurological signs characterized by head press, ataxia, tremors and episodes of temporary blindness and deafness. Ultrasonographic examination revealed a dilated and curved anomalous vessel with approximately 0.6cm of diameter and turbulent flow seen through pulsed and color Doppler, and segmental dilation of the azygos vein. The portography revealed enhancement by iodinated contrast in the jejunal vein, the portal vein and an anomalous vessel flowing towards the azygos vein in the craniodorsal region of the abdomen. The PSS was surgically corrected with an ameroid constrictor. Ultrasonography and portography were effective at detecting and characterizing the portoazygos shunt despite some limitations.