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Analysis of data collected in routine clinical practice of the combined impact of both physical activity and decrease in body mass index (BMI) on a minor prevalence of lymphedema in post-breast cancer patients.Analysis of data obtained by the specialized rehabilitation unit, from 99 female patients for 18 months, after a specific diet, sports program and complete decongestive therapy (CDT) was indicated. Personal data, affected organ volume, weight, physical activity level and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Questionnaire for Breast Cancer (FACT-B+4) were collected in follow-up visits.Although the average of body-mass index showed no change during the assessment period, about 13% of patients in the second follow-up visit and 30% in the third one had lost weight. Women experiencing weight-loss in the third follow-up visit presented a reduced volume of the affected organ [-50 (-248 to 141) ml vs. 130 (-148 to 355) ml, p0.05] as compared to weight-gaining patients. No relationship was established between physical activity and lymphedema volume changes.Apart from the conventional treatment with orthotics and manual lymph drainage, BCRL prevention and treatment needs to focus - right from the start - on weight management or weight-loss in obese patients.