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Summary Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial hormonal disorder accompanied by impairment of endometrial function and structure. Pomegranate is recognized for its role in normalizing the female sex hormones in PCOS with little known about its effect on the accompanying endometrial histological alterations. Aim of the work To assess the possible ameliorative role of pomegranate juice extract (PJE) on endometrial injury in a rat model of PCOS. Material and methods Forty adult albino rats were equally divided into 4 groups; control, PJE-treated (400 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks), letrozole-treated (PCOS) (1 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks), and PJE & PCOS groups. Serum Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, estradiol, and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) were assayed. Uterine samples were processed for histological staining with hematoxylin & eosin and Masson's trichrome stains, Ki67 and androgen receptor immunohistochemical staining, and scanning electron microscopy. Results PCOS group revealed a significant increase in serum FSH, LH, testosterone, estradiol, and tissue MDA. Uterine sections depicted various histological alterations in the endometrium with signs of inflammation. A significant increase in the endometrial collagen fiber content, as well as a significant upregulation in Ki67 and androgen receptor immunohistochemical expression were detected. Scanning electron microscopy showed a significant decrease in the mean number of pinopodes. Concomitant administration of PJE efficiently restored the studied biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical parameters. Conclusion PJE ameliorated PCOS accompanying endometrial histological alterations through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, anti-proliferative, and anti-androgenic effects most probably due to its polyphenols content.

Background: Acne vulgaris is a prevalent chronic skin condition with pilosebaceous blockages and/or inflammation (hair follicles and their accompanying sebaceous gland). Aim: to investigate vaspin levels in serum of acne sufferers in comparison with normal controls and to link their levels with the severity of the illness. Methods: 30 instances of AV and 31 healthy control groups have been examined and each patient has been submitted to comprehensive history; complete clinical examination and levels of serum vaspine were calculated. Methods: Results: The level of vaspin was much greater in the AV group than the control group (medium=2785.2 vs 155.4 against p < 0.001). For discriminating between AV patients and control groups, the Vaspin level receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) has been performed. Vaspin exhibited o.989 AUC. At a cut-off of 212.2, sensitivity was 96.7%, the specificity of 96.8%, 96.7%, NPV was 96.7% and the accuracy of 96.8%. ROC Vaspin-level curve has been performed for discriminating between mild to moderate and severe AV patients. Vaspin exhibited o.93o AUC. At a cut-off value of 3,911.5, sensitivity was 9%, the specificity was 9%, PPV was 81.8%, NPV was 94.7%, and accuracy was 9%. Conclusion: The level of Vaspin in the AV group was considerably greater than that of the control group with 96.7% susceptibility and 96.8% characteristics. Adipose and severity of AV were linked substantially with a greater vaspin level; the Vaspin level was proposed as a separate AV susceptibility and severity predictor.

Background: Considering the recognized roles of ICAM-1 in inflammation and rising an evidence that inflammation is evident at all stages of AV. The current study aimed to investigate the incidence of ICAM-1 gene expression and polymorphism with special reference to amino acids at position 469 and 241 with acne vulgaris and its possible correlation with the lesion severity. Patient and methods: The present case control study included 60 participants of matched age, sex and of Egyptian origin where there were 45 acne patients assigned into three groups according to acne severity (mild, moderate and severe), 15 patients in each group, and there were 15 participants as control.All studied participants were tested for the genotypes of ICAM-1 gene polymorphism by PCR where four primers have been used to detect all possible polymorphism at codon 241 and 469 Results: There was statistically significant difference among four studied groups as regard ICAM (496) and ICAM (241) polymorphism where the highest percentage of GG were among severe acne group and none of controls had GG genotype. There was significant association between ICAM (496) polymorphism and patients’ BMI where the highest BMI Conclusion: ICAM-1 496 and 241 polymorphism might be associated with AV. Further understanding of functional significance of the ICAM-1 polymorphism will help delineate immunopathogenesis in certain subgroups of AV obese patients

Psoriasis is a chronic, recurrent, and immune-mediated inflammatory disease that affects 2–3% of the world population. The present study aimed to evaluate serum folate level before and after oral PUVA therapy in psoriatic patients. Patient and methods: A total of 40 psoriatic patients without any other morbidities (age ranged from 19 to 63 years, including 20 males and 20 females), All the patients recieved oral 8-methoxypsoralen at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg, followed 2 hours later by ultraviolet A exposure (oral PUVA therapy), For each patient the therapy will be twice weekly for eight weeks. Patients in the PUVA group were treated twice times weekly with a starting dose of 2 J/cm2, increasing by 20% each session, to a maximum of 15 J/cm2 per dose. Patients underwent up to 16 sessions. The dosage was adjusted if patients developed erythema. We have measured serum folate levels at baseline and after oral PUVA exposure. Also we use PASI score as objective method to visualize the relationship between improvement of psoriasis and changes in folate serum levels at baseline and after 16 exposures to PUVA for 8 weeks along with subjective methods which were done by photography and adverse effects were also reported. Results: There is statistically significant decrease of folic acid level after 16 sessions of phototherapy by average 20%. According to PASI score, Our results shows that there is statistically significant improvement in PASI score after phototherapy by average 60% .Conclusion: Folate deficiency should be evaluated and corrected in the patients, as it may be aggravated by UV therapy.

The paper describes theoretical and experimental analysis of dynamics of system: grinding wheel- workpiece external cylindrical plunge grinding process to study the effect of workpiece previous profile on the ground workpiece roundness. The study has been carried out theoretical model taking contact stiffness of system (workpiece and machine), grinding wheel and workpiece wear into consideration. The results showed that mode shape vibration errors are strongly depends on amplitude of initial workpiece profiles. The mode shape vibration errors increases with the increase of initial workpiece profiles amplitudes and workpiece length. Experiments had been carried out on identical specimens. These specimens were turned first with different cutting conditions to obtain different profiles. Then a cylindrical plunge grinding operation with the same cutting conditions was applied for the resulted specimens. The vibration signals existing during grinding were recorded. The resulted roundness error before and after grinding were compared for each specimens. The results showed the root mean square (RMS) of vibration level, roundness error and undulation number of the ground workpiece are dependent on the initial workpiece profile. The comparison between theoretical and experimental results showed as good agreements. To compensate roundness error within an acceptable range, fuzzy knowledge base controller (FKBC) was proposed. The proposed fuzzy controller predicts the work piece shape error more accurately, and reduces it by about 20%

Vitiligo is a secured pigmentary disarray of the skin and mucous layers that is portrayed clinically by the improvement of particularly included white macules and patches of skin and hair ,Neurokinin An is accessible in excitatory neurons and secretory cells of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal center .Additionally, both SubstanceP are neurokinin An is found in the neurosensory structure and change a wide extent of red hot and tissue fixing measures. The purpose of the work is to evaluate Neurokinin A serum level in vitiligo patients and its relationship with individual fulfillment. fifty subjects encountering non segmental vitiligo and avowed by wood's light and thirty clearly solid subjects , sex and age composed individuals who filled in as a control in the Banha school clinical center, they were attempted serologically for level of neurokinin A level with examination of individual fulfillment by dermatology life quality record questionair. The mean age with patients was 30±10.8 years old, while in control it was 27 ±7 years old. There was no immense differentiation between the two social occasions as regard age (P=0.06.(The understanding get-together included 18 (36%) male and 32 (64%) female, while controls included 14(46.7%)male and 16 (53.3%) females. There was no enormous differentiation between the two social occasions as regard sex ( p regard = 0.35).The results of our assessment revealed that patients had high quantifiably basic higher NKA (p < 0.001)with mean±SD (500.91±119.3) than control bundle with mean ±SD (109.55±80.51) .vitiligo has genuine impact on close to home fulfillment especially on more young age pack with mean age of the generally affected patients 23.8 years old . NKA is high in vitilligo patients differentiated and controls. There was positive relationship among's reality and dermatology life quality rundown with verifiably enormous worth

Skin inflammation vulgaris (AV) is a typical constant skin illness. Vaspin (instinctive fat tissue-inferred serine protease inhibitor), a novel adipocytokine. It has been recommended that vaspin has potential insulin-sharpening impacts. Vaspin assumes a part in adipoinsular hub, and might be related with insulin obstruction. This investigation expected to assess serum vaspin level in patients with skin break out vulgaris to assess its part in AV pathogenesis and its connection with insulin opposition in skin inflammation patients. This investigation was led on 52 patients experiencing skin inflammation vulgaris. Notwithstanding 32 as control gathering. Patients were selected from the outpatient facility of Dermatology and Andrology Department of Benha University Hospitals. All contemplated people were exposed to finish history taking, dermatological assessment and research facility examinations included: assessment of serum levels of vaspin, fasting blood glucose and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Blood glucose, Fasting insulin and HOMA-IR were altogether higher in AV situations when contrasted with control gatherings. AV bunch demonstrated fundamentally lower vaspin when contrasted with control gathering. HOMA-IR indicated huge positive relationship with grades of AV patients. Vaspin demonstrated huge negative connection with HOMA-IR in AV gathering. There is a function of serum vaspin in the pathogenesis of skin break out vulgaris. AV bunch demonstrated fundamentally lower vaspin when contrasted with control gathering. HOMA-IR was altogether higher in AV situations when contrasted with control gatherings. We found a measurably critical relationship between HOMA-IR and grades of AV patients. Vaspin demonstrated huge negative relationship with HOMA-IR in AV gathering.

Constant urticaria (CU) is an upsetting unfavorably susceptible state of the skin. The urticarial injuries are available persistently or irregularly for at any rate a month and a half. The sores are edematous pruritic pink wheals of variable size and shape, with or without going with angioedema. It has high effect on rest and daytime exercises including work, or potentially inadequate reactions to standard treatment. Notwithstanding illness seriousness, the unconventionality of CU and its course are a significant reason for worry for patients. Persistent urticaria is viewed as a constant incendiary illness as portrayed by cutaneous pole cell degranulation, and invading T cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils. Expanded circling levels of C-receptive protein (CRP) and proinflammatory cytokines, for example, interleukin (IL)- 6, tumor rot factor (TNF)- α, and network metalloproteinase (MMP)- 9 were seen among patients with CU. A fundamental favorable to provocative and supportive of coagulating state, shown by raised degrees of incendiary markers, for example, IL-1, IL-6, TNF, and CRP, was accounted for among people with hyperlipidemia. Serum paraoxonase (PON) is a high thickness lipoprotein (HDL) bound compound displaying antiatherogenic properties.This chemical assumes a significant function in forestalling low thickness lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and is considered to secure against the advancement of coronary illness. Point: The point of this examination is to asses serum paraoxonase levels and dyslipidemia in ongoing urticaria patients and relate their levels with various factors of the illness. Technique: This current investigation included: Patient gathering (bunch 1) included 50 psoriasis patients. What's more, 30 clearly solid, age and sex coordinated people included as a benchmark (Group 2). All were explored for serum PON 1 level and analyzed. Serum PON 1 was assessed utilizing industrially accessible ELISA units. End: From the consequences of present investigation, it is presumed that serum paraoxonase levels are diminished in patients with constant urticaria contrasted with age and sex coordinated controls with correspondence to the infection seriousness.

The plasma level of two common cardiovascular disease markers, cardiac troponin I and C-reactive protein, in alopecia areata and AGA affected subjects. We aimed to assesment of troponin I level of patients with AGA to detect if there is arole of troponin I as a cardiac biomarker for cardiac affection in the disease (AGA) pathogenesis and it's associations and looking for a hidden cardiac problem. The study was conducted on 75 participants; 50 patients suffering from Androgenetic alopecia, in addition to 25 control normal healthy persons. Norwood Classification for male Pattern Baldness Ludwig Classification of Female Pattern Baldness , ECG, Determination of serum Cardiac troponin I and Echocardiography were done for all participants. troponin I showed significant positive correlation with age, GLS, grades, as well as significant negative correlation with EF troponin I showed significant positive correlation with age, GLS, grades, as well as significant negative correlation with EF.

This study compares the psychological profile of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and individuals living in host communities in the war-affected setting. We conducted a cross-sectional survey from October-November 2019. Subjects were recruited from six IDPs camps and the surrounding host communities within the metropolis of Maiduguri, Nigeria by convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Hausa version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21, and analysed by logistic regression using adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at 95% Confidence Interval (CI). A total of 562 subjects were recruited. Living in IDP camp was the most significantly predictor of depression, anxiety, and stress. The common predictors were living in an IDP camp, and marital status (separated). Aged 18-29years was a protective factor compared to those ≥50years. Living in IDP camps, separated from partners, lack of education and pre-conflict employment were significant predictors of depression, anxiety and stress.

Sofosbuvir is a novel drug candidate for the treatment of hepatitis C viral infection; however, vision loss is one of its growing adverse effects. Saffron is a natural biomolecule with a high antioxidant potential that has been efficiently used in some diseases caused by oxidative stress. This study evaluated Sofosbuvir's neurodegenerative effect on the retina of albino rat and examined the potential protective role of saffron aqueous extract. Twenty-one adult male albino rats were randomly divided into three groups: Control, Sofosbuvir-treated (41.1 mg/kg /day for 6 weeks), and Sofosbuvir + Saffron co-treated groups. Retinal specimens were biochemically analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels. In addition, light and transmission electron microscopic examination, as well as immunohistochemical staining for Caspase-3, COX-2, and GFAP were performed. Sofosbuvir treatment caused a significant increase in retinal MDA, IL-6, and TNF-α levels coupling with a significant decrease in retinal total antioxidant capacity level. Histopathological findings revealed disturbed retinal architecture, detached pigment epithelium, vacuolated photoreceptors, in addition to a significant decrease in the thicknesses of both outer and inner nuclear layers, and the number of ganglionic cells. Ultrastructural examination revealed extensive degenerative changes in all retinal layers. Caspase-3, COX-2, and GFAP immunohistochemical expressions were significantly increased. Meanwhile, concomitant treatment with Saffron significantly improved retinal redox status, inflammation, histological, and ultrastructural parameters. Saffron may protect the retina from the hazardous effects of Sofosbuvir. Saffron could be used as an adjuvant therapy to protect patients receiving Sofosbuvir from retinal damage.

BACKGROUND: Although sleep disturbances and insomnia are common among Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), these disorders remain largely understudied among victims fleeing ethnoreligious genocide. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), though a widely used measure of insomnia, has not been translated, cross-culturally adapted, nor validated in common African languages. This paper aimed to translate, adapt and validate the ISI scale into Hausa, the most widely spoken non-Indo-European language in African continent. METHODS: A six-stage validation model was used for the translation and adaptation of the ISI into Hausa [(ISI-Hausa), Item-Content Validity Index (I-CVI)=0.9 to 1.0]. The tool was administered among IDPs residing in Maiduguri, North-Eastern Nigeria, from October to November 2019. A total of 281 participants from six camps were recruited via convenience sampling. The psychometric properties of the scale were assessed using an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Cronbach's alpha (α) and Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) for determining factor structure, internal consistency and test-retest reliability, respectively. RESULTS: Exploratory factor reduction resulted in a two-factor solution, with " severity of insomnia " identified as the construct for Factor 1 and " impact of insomnia " as the construct for Factor 2. Factor 1 consisted of four scale items and Factor 2 consisted of three items. Factor loadings for each item ranged from 0.535-0.812. The scale demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (α=0.72) and good test-retest reliability (ICC=0.72) (p

In the pharmaceutical sector, tissue culture techniques for large-scale production of natural chemicals can be a less expensive alternative to large-scale synthesis. Although recent biotransformation research have used plant cell cultures to target a wide range of bioactive compounds, more compiled information and synopses are needed to better understand metabolic pathways and improve biotransformation efficiencies.This report reviews the biochemical transformation of phenolic natural products by plant cell cultures in order to identify potential novel biotechnological approaches for ensuring more homogeneous and stable phenolic production year-round under controlled environmental conditions.Articles on the use of plant cell culture for polyphenolic and flavonoid transformations (1988 - 2021) were retrieved from SciFinder, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science through electronic and manual search in English. Following that, the authors chose the required papers based on the criteria they defined. The following keywords were used for the online search: biotransformation, Plant cell cultures, flavonoids, phenolics, and pharmaceutical products.The initial search found a total of 96 articles. However, only 70 of them were selected as they met the inclusion criteria defined by the authors. The analysis of these studies revealed that plant tissue culture is applicable for the large-scale production of plant secondary metabolites including the phenolics, which have high therapeutic value.Plant tissue cultures could be employed as an efficient technique for producing secondary metabolites including phenolics. Phenolics possess a wide range of therapeutic benefits, as anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. Callus culture, suspension cultures, transformation, and other procedures have been used to improve the synthesis of phenolics. Their production on a large scale is now achievable. More breakthroughs will lead to newer insights and, without a doubt, to a new era of phenolics-based pharmacological agents for the treatment of a variety of infectious and degenerative disorders.

Verruca (Warts) are a typical dermatologic sickness brought about by human papillomavirus (HPV). Verruca are commonly little, harsh, hard papules and skin shaded or slight tanned. Patients with viral moles recorded a more serious negative effect on life quality than patients with different dermatoses, similar to skin break out vulgaris. In this examination, it was planned to explore effect of verrucae on patients' personal satisfaction utilizing Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). This current investigation included 30 patients of verruca vulgaris, palmoplanter moles and genital moles notwithstanding 10 subjects liberated from a verruca as control subjects of coordinated age, sex and BMI of Egyptian starting point. Genital moles had more terrible DLQI than palmoplanter moles, which had more regrettable DLQI than verruca vulgaris (p < 0.001). From this examination we can reason that genital verrucae had the most noticeably awful effect on personal satisfaction when contrasted with other verrucae types.

Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous units. It is a pleomorphic disorder with multifactorial pathogenesis, affects virtually all individuals at least once. PTX3 represent a rapid biomarker for primary local activation of innate immunity and inflammation. to assess serum level of pentraxin 3 in patients with acne vulgaris. This instance control examine might have been directed on 55 patients anguish from av (Group An) What's more 30 Obviously solid people for matched period Furthermore sex as An control assembly (Group B). Constantly on patients were subjected to full history taking, complete clinical examination Furthermore serum level about Pentraxin3 (PTX3). The patients imply period might have been 21 years, they were 20 guys (36. 4%) Furthermore 35 females (63. 6%). Twenty four patients required sudden passing onset (43. 6%),While 56. 4% required gradual onset. Same time 38 (69. 1%) patients required progressive course. Imply span of malady for concentrated on patients might have been 4. 7 years, face might have been influenced altogether cases55(100%) patients taken after Toward over 25 (45. 5%)patients What's more midsection 12 (21. 8%) patients. Skin break out seriousness might have been evaluated On the whole examined cases; gentle situations spoken to 29. 1%; moderate situations spoke to 38. 2% same time extreme level might have been exhibit Previously, 32. 7%. Skin inflammation vulgaris patients indicated essentially higher fixation of Pentraxin 3 (Ptx 3) The point when contrasted with control bunch (P. 0. 011). Skin inflammation vulgaris patients indicated essentially higher centralization for Pentraxin 3.

Alopecia areata (AA) is a common disease with an incidence of 2-3% among the dermatoses and 0.1% in the population at large. This disorder occurs in both sexes, at all ages, and is characterized by the sudden appearance of areas of hair loss on the scalp and other hair bearing areas. Various factors, including immunologic and endocrine abnormalities, genetic factors, infections, and psychological/ psychiatric disturbances, have been claimed to play a role in its etiopathogenesis. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between DEFB1 polymorphism and AA pathogenesis. This study was conducted on fifty patients with alopecia areata (Group A) and fifty age and sex matched apparently healthy subjects as a control group (Group B). Patients were selected from the Dermatology outpatient clinic of Benha University Hospital. Linear regression analysis was conducted for prediction of more severe AA; using age, gender, family history, AID, previous episodes, previous treatment, and rs1800972 genotypes as covariates. Rs1800972 (CG+GG) were considered as predictor of more severe AA (p < 0.001). Our study results support the associations of susceptibility with AA among patients with the DEFB1 rs1800972 genotypes. It appears that DEFB1 gene polymorphisms may modulate AA risk. So, CG, GG, genotypes and G allele were considered as predictor of AA susceptibility and severity.

Chloroquine was theoretically reacted with the coumarin compound. Two compounds viz. [N-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)-N-(5-(diethylamino)-pentan-2-yl)-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromene-7- sulfonamide] (3) and [N-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)-N-(5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl)-4-methyl-2-oxo- 2H-chromene-6-sulfonamide] (4) were suggested. The results showed that compound 4 may influence the COVID-19 treatment. The physico-chemical parameters were determined through theoretical calculations by using Hartree-Fock at different basis sets (6-31G), (STO/3G) and the semi-empirical (AM1) method. The calculations demonstrated the scheme of reaction between coumarin and the chloroquine structure by using the predicted mechanisms. The physical and chemical properties of the predicted compounds were determined to select the optimal form as the candidate for COVID-19 treatment. Compound 4 was more stable than compound 3, with different proteins viz. 6YHU, 6YI3 and 6LU7. Three types of software, including Gaussian 03, Chem-Bio office and molecular operating environment (MOE) were employed.

Irinotecan is one of the most important anti‐tumour drugs against a broad spectrum of malignancies, but is known to be associated with possible oral complications. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of irinotecan on the tongue mucosa of juvenile male albino rat at adulthood using different histological and immunohistochemical methods. Twenty juvenile male albino rats were divided equally into two groups: control and irinotecan‐treated group (single injection of 200 mg irinotecan/kg, then kept for four weeks without treatment). The tongue specimens were processed for light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The irinotecan‐treated group showed statistically significant shortening and thinning of the lingual papillae. There was loss of the normal appearance of the filiform papillae with focal cell loss alternating with areas of hyperkeratosis. Focal separation of the keratin layer, some nuclear changes and vacuolation of some epithelial cells were detected. Dilated congested blood vessels and mild mononuclear cellular infiltration were encountered. Atrophic fungiform papillae with ill‐defined taste bud cells were observed. A statistically significant decrease in the pattern of Ki67 immunohistochemical staining reaction was detected in comparision to the control group. Scanning electron microscopy revealed different signs of atrophy of the tongue papillae. Focal areas of desquamation of lingual papillae were observed revealing some filiform papillae with desquamated surface, bisected tips and evident thinning. Some extravasated red blood cells could be detected. Thus irinotecan caused significant morphological and morphometrical alterations of the tongue mucosa in particularly the filiform papillae.

Background: Previous studies showed that Heme Oxyge-nase-1 (HO-1) level was markedly reduced in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) which might highlight the role of HO-1system in the pathogenesis and treatment of PCOS.Aim of Study: The present study was done to study the effects of the induction of HO-1 system by hemin on Letrozole (LTZ)-induced PCOS in rats.Material and Methods: 40 female rats were divided into 4 equal groups; normal control (I), hemin (II), LTZ (III), hemin + LTZ treated (IV).Results: After three weeks, LTZ administration induced PCOS in female rats as evidenced by histological examination and biochemical analysis. It significantly increased testosterone level, LH and LH/FSH ratio compared with normal control group. LTZ significantly decreased plasma adiponectin level, ovarian Silent Information Regulator 1 level (SIRT1), Glu-tathione-S-Transeferase activity (GST), HO-1 mRNA expres-sion and ovarian B-Cell Lymphoma 2 (BCL2) expression compared with normal control group. While, it increased ovarian hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) level, ovarian BCL2 associated X (Bax) expression and Bax/Bcl2 ratio compared with normal control group. Hemin administration antagonized all these effects.Conclusion: We could conclude that, hemin is a promising drug for treatment of PCOS through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects which can rise up the possibility of involvement of HO system in pathogenesis of PCOS.