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1. Temporal trajectories of artificial radiocaesium 137Cs in French rivers over the nuclear era reconstructed from sediment cores

Author

Eyrolle, Frédérique, Chaboche, Pierre-Alexis, Lepage, Hugo, Gouin, Valérie Nicoulaud, Boyer, Patrick, De Vismes, Anne, Seignemartin, Gabrielle, Badariotti, Dominique, Chabaux, François, Chastanet, Maxime, Claval, David, Copard, Yoann, Coynel, Alexandra, Debret, Maxime, Delus, Claire, Euzen, Cassandra, Gardes, Thomas, Giner, Franck, Gurriaran, Rodolfo, Grenz, Christian, Grosbois, Cécile, Lestel, Laurence, Losson, Benoît, Mansuy-Huault, Laurence, Montarges-Pelletier, Emmanuelle, Morereau, Amandine, Mourier, Brice, Mourier, David, Ollive, Vincent, Papillon, Laure, Schafer, Jorg, Schmitt, Laurent, Sempere, Richard, Winiarski, Thierry, Zebracki, Mathilde, and Evrard, Olivier

Published
2024
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2. Temporal trajectories of artificial radiocaesium 137Cs in French rivers over the nuclear era reconstructed from sediment cores

Author

Frédérique Eyrolle, Pierre-Alexis Chaboche, Hugo Lepage, Valérie Nicoulaud Gouin, Patrick Boyer, Anne De Vismes, Gabrielle Seignemartin, Dominique Badariotti, François Chabaux, Maxime Chastanet, David Claval, Yoann Copard, Alexandra Coynel, Maxime Debret, Claire Delus, Cassandra Euzen, Thomas Gardes, Franck Giner, Rodolfo Gurriaran, Christian Grenz, Cécile Grosbois, Laurence Lestel, Benoît Losson, Laurence Mansuy-Huault, Emmanuelle Montarges-Pelletier, Amandine Morereau, Brice Mourier, David Mourier, Vincent Ollive, Laure Papillon, Jorg Schafer, Laurent Schmitt, Richard Sempere, Thierry Winiarski, Mathilde Zebracki, and Olivier Evrard

Subjects
Sediment cores, Rivers, Radiocaesium, Radioactivity, Trajectories, Resiliency, Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract 137Cs is a long-lived man-made radionuclide introduced in the environment worldwide at the early beginning of the nuclear Era during atmospheric nuclear testing’s followed by the civil use of nuclear energy. Atmospheric fallout deposition of this major artificial radionuclide was reconstructed at the scale of French large river basins since 1945, and trajectories in French nuclearized rivers were established using sediment coring. Our results show that 137Cs contents in sediments of the studied rivers display a large spatial and temporal variability in response to the various anthropogenic pressures exerted on their catchment. The Loire, Rhone, and Rhine rivers were the most affected by atmospheric fallout from the global deposition from nuclear tests. Rhine and Rhone also received significant fallout from the Chernobyl accident in 1986 and recorded significant 137Cs concentrations in their sediments over the 1970–1985 period due to the regulatory releases from the nuclear industries. The Meuse River was notably impacted in the early 1970s by industrial releases. In contrast, the Seine River display the lowest 137Cs concentrations regardless of the period. All the rivers responded similarly over time to atmospheric fallout on their catchment, underlying a rather homogeneous resilience capacity of these river systems to this source of contamination.

Published
2024
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10. Airborne concentrations and chemical considerations of radioactive ruthenium from an undeclared major nuclear release in 2017

Author

Masson, O., Steinhauser, G., Zok, D., Saunier, O., Angelov, H., Babić, D., Bečková, V., Bieringer, J., Bruggeman, M., Burbidge, C. I., Conil, S., Dalheimer, A., De Geer, L.-E., de Vismes Ott, A., Eleftheriadis, K., Estier, S., Fischer, H., Garavaglia, M. G., Leonarte, C. Gasco, Gorzkiewicz, K., Hainz, D., Hoffman, I., Hýža, M., Isajenko, K., Karhunen, T., Kastlander, J., Katzlberger, C., Kierepko, R., Knetsch, G.-J., Kónyi, J. Kövendiné, Lecomte, M., Mietelski, J. W., Min, P., Møller, B., Nielsen, S. P., Nikolic, J., Nikolovska, L., Penev, I., Petrinec, B., Povinec, P. P., Querfeld, R., Raimondi, O., Ransby, D., Ringer, W., Romanenko, O., Rusconi, R., Saey, P. R. J., Samsonov, V., Šilobritiene, B., Simion, E., Söderström, C., Šoštarić, M., Steinkopff, T., Steinmann, P., Sýkora, I., Tabachnyi, L., Todorovic, D., Tomankiewicz, E., Tschiersch, J., Tsibranski, R., Tzortzis, M., Ungar, K., Vidic, A., Weller, A., Wershofen, H., Zagyvai, P., Zalewska, T., García, D. Zapata, and Zorko, B.

Published
2019

12. Single-neutron transfer from 11Be gs via the (p,d) reaction with a radioactive beam

Author

Winfield, J. S., Fortier, S., Catford, W. N., Pita, S., Orr, N. A., Van de Wiele, J., Blumenfeld, Y., Chapman, R., Chappell, S. P. G., Clarke, N. M., Curtis, N., Freer, M., Gales, S., Langevin-Joliot, H., Laurent, H., Lhenry, I., Maison, J. M., Roussel-Chomaz, P., Shawcross, M., Spohr, K., Suomijarvi, T., and de Vismes, A.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The 11Be(p,d)10Be reaction has been performed in inverse kinematics with a radioactive 11Be beam of E/A = 35.3 MeV. Angular distributions for the 0+ ground state, the 2+, 3.37 MeV state and the multiplet of states around 6 MeV in 10Be were measured at angles up to 16 deg CM by detecting the 10Be in a dispersion-matched spectrometer and the coincident deuterons in a silicon array. Distorted wave and coupled-channels calculations have been performed to investigate the amount of 2+ core excitation in 11Be gs. The use of "realistic" 11Be wave functions is emphasised and bound state form factors have been obtained by solving the particle-vibration coupling equations. This calculation gives a dominant 2s component in the 11Be gs wave function with a 16% [2+ x 1d] core excitation admixture. Cross sections calculated with these form factors are in good agreement with the present data. The Separation Energy prescription for the bound state wave function also gives satisfactory fits to the data, but leads to a significantly larger [2 x 1d] component in 11Be gs., Comment: 39 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication in Nuclear Physics A. Added minor corrections made in proof to pages 26 and 34

Published
2000
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13. Coordinated underground measurements of gamma-ray emitting radionuclides for plasma physics research

Author

Tzika, Faidra, Hult, Mikael, Fenyvesi, András, Bandac, Iulian, Degering, Detlev, Ianni, Aldo, Laubenstein, Matthias, de Vismes-Ott, Anne, Marissens, Gerd, Stroh, Heiko, Lutter, Guillaume, Son, Soohyun, Hong, Suk-Ho, Kim, Jun Young, Kim, Junghee, Cheon, Mun Seung, Jo, Jungmin, Braun, Mihály, Németh, József, Zoletnik, Sándor, and Bonheure, Georges

Published
2017
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19. Spectral unmixing of multi-temporal data in gamma-ray spectrometry

Author

Paul Malfrait, Jérôme Bobin, Anne de Vismes Ott, Laboratoire de métrologie de la radioactivité dans l'environnement (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SAME/LMRE), Service d'analyses et de métrologie de l'environnement (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SAME), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Département d'Electronique, des Détecteurs et d'Informatique pour la Physique (ex SEDI) (DEDIP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay

Subjects
full spectrum analysis, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, model, gamma-ray spectrometry, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Poisson, Instrumentation, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract

International audience; A challenging problem in gamma-ray spectrum analysis is the rapid detection of artificial radionuclides at low activity levels. Until now, traditional methods focus on activity estimation based on single spectra, obtained by integrating over time the measured disintegration events. However, accounting for the wellconstrained radionuclides decay should allow for a more accurate and sensitive activity estimation. For that purpose, we investigate a novel approach to estimate radionuclides' activity, which is i) first based on multi-temporal data, obtained from several short measurements rather than a single one, and ii) built upon a dedicated spectral unmixing, which allows processing multi-temporal data. The proposed algorithm allows accounting for both the full spectrum of each radionuclide (i.e. peaks and Compton continuum) and their activity decay in time. To that purpose, different approaches are investigated to model the temporal dependencies of the radionuclides' activities, and specifically to account for potentially out of equilibrium radionuclides' decay chains. Experimental results on both simulated spectra and real measurements are presented and compared to standard methods, it is shown that the proposed approach leads to more accurate estimations and faster detection of artificial radionuclides.

Published
2023

20. Improved radiocesium purification in low-level radioactive soil and sediment samples prior to 135Cs/137Cs ratio measurement by ICP-MS/MS

Author

Anaelle Magre, Beatrice Boulet, Laurent Pourcelot, Matthieu Roy-Barman, Anne de Vismes Ott, Christophe Ardois, Laboratoire de métrologie de la radioactivité dans l'environnement (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SAME/LMRE), Service d'analyses et de métrologie de l'environnement (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SAME), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'étude et d'expertise sur la radioactivité de l'environnement (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SEREN/LEREN), Service d'expertise et d'étude en radioprotection des populations et de la radioactivité dans l'environnement (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SEREN), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Pollution, Spectroscopy, Analytical Chemistry
Abstract

International audience; The 135Cs/137Cs isotopic ratio allows to characterize the potential sources of radioactive contamination in the environment. This ratio is usually determined in highly contaminated environmental samples by combining selective radiochemistry with mass spectrometry measurement. In contrast, few data are available at the environmental level of 137Cs (

Published
2022

21. Identification of the origin of radiocesium released into the environment in areas remote from nuclear accident and military test sites using the 135Cs/137Cs isotopic signature

Author

Anaelle Magre, Beatrice Boulet, Anne de Vismes, Olivier Evrard, Laurent Pourcelot, Laboratoire de métrologie de la radioactivité dans l'environnement (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SAME/LMRE), Service d'analyses et de métrologie de l'environnement (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SAME), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'étude et d'expertise sur la radioactivité de l'environnement (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SEREN/LEREN), and Service d'expertise et d'étude en radioprotection des populations et de la radioactivité dans l'environnement (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SEREN)

Subjects
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Environmental monitoring, ICP-MS/MS, General Medicine, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Toxicology, radioactive contamination, Pollution, Panoply, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Environmental monitoring radioactive contamination isotopic signatures ICP-MS/MS, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, isotopic signatures, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [CHIM.RADIO]Chemical Sciences/Radiochemistry
Abstract

International audience; The isotopic signature of radionuclides provides a powerful tool for discriminating radioactive contamination sources and estimating their respective contributions in the environment. In this context, the $^{135}$Cs/$^{137}$Cs ratio has been tested as a very promising isotopic ratio that had not been explored yet in many countries around the world including France. To quantify the levels of radioactivity found in the environment, a new method combining a thorough radiochemical treatment of the sample and an efficient measurement by ICP-MS/MS has been recently developed. This method was successfully applied, for the first time, to soil and sediment samples collected in France in two mountainous regions preferentially impacted either by global fallout from nuclear weapons testing (i.e., the Pyrenees) or by the Chernobyl accident (i.e., the Southern Alps). The $^{135}$Cs/$^{137}$Cs ratios measured on twenty-one samples ranged from 0.66 ± 0.04 and 4.29 ± 0.21 (decaycorrected to January 1 st , 2022) corresponding to the characteristic signatures of the fallout from Chernobyl and global fallout associated with the nuclear weapons testing, respectively. Moreover, large variations of both the $^{137}$Cs mass activity and the studied isotopic ratio recorded by most samples from the southern Alps suggest varying proportions of these two $^{137}$Cs sources. For these samples, the contribution of each source was estimated using this new tracer ($^{135}$Cs/$^{137}$Cs) and compared with the mixing contribution given by activity ratio: $^{239+240}$Pu/$^{137}$Cs. This work has successfully demonstrated the applicability of the $^{135}$Cs/$^{137}$Cs isotopic signature to nuclear forensic studies and could be extended to better evaluate the environmental impact of nuclear facilities (i.e., NPP, waste reprocessing).

Published
2023

26. Shape Coexistence and the N = 28 Shell Closure Far from Stability

Author

Sarazin, F., Savajols, H., Mittig, W., Nowacki, F., Orr, N. A., Ren, Z., Roussel-Chomaz, P., Auger, G., Baiborodin, D., Belozyorov, A. V., Borcea, C., Caurier, E., Dlouhý, Z., Gillibert, A., Lalleman, A. S., Lewitowicz, M., Lukyanov, S. M., De Oliveira, F., Penionzhkevich, Y. E., Ridikas, D., Tarasov, O., Sakuraï, H., De Vismes, A., Lunney, David, editor, Audi, Georges, editor, and Kluge, H.-Jürgen, editor

Published
2001
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27. Analysis of gamma-ray spectra with spectral unmixing, Part II: Recalibration for the quantitative analysis of HPGe measurements

Author

Jiaxin Xu, Jérôme Bobin, Anne de Vismes Ott, Christophe Bobin, Paul Malfrait, Laboratoire de métrologie de la radioactivité dans l'environnement (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SAME/LMRE), Service d'analyses et de métrologie de l'environnement (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SAME), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and IRSN

Subjects
instrumentation, Radiation, spectrum analysis, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Metrological analysis, Full spectrum analysis, spectrometry, Gamma-rays, gamma spectrometry, metrology, Poisson statistics-based spectral unmixing, radioactivity, Calibration, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], ionizing radiation, signal processing, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, nuclear instrumentation
Abstract

International audience; In the context of radioactivity measurements, the quantitative analysis of a gamma-ray spectrum depends on the analysis algorithm. To that end, we recently introduced a Poisson statistics-based spectral unmixing approach. However, it also relies on a proper instrument recalibration as well as on an uncertainty estimation, for which no solution has been proposed so far. The goal of this article is twofold: i) we first present a novel method to correct for the instrument calibration of an HPGe detection system, which is tailored to spectral unmixing algorithms, and ii) we apply this new approach to the quantitative analysis of real data as well as on the evaluation of the uncertainty. Along with the characteristic limits determination investigated, this paper introduces the first full metrological analysis sequence of aerosol filter measurements based on spectral unmixing, which allows to quantify both the radionuclides’ activities and their associated uncertainties.

Published
2022

30. Échanges

Author

de VISMES, Armelle

Published
2011

32. Analysis of gamma-ray spectra with spectral unmixing -Part I: Determination of the characteristic limits (decision threshold and statistical uncertainty)

Author

Xu, Jiaxin, Bobin, Jérôme, de Vismes Ott, Anne, Bobin, Christophe, Malfrait, Paul, and Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV, SAME, LMRE

Subjects
full spectrum analysis, [PHYS]Physics [physics], gamma-ray spectrometry, spectral unmixing, uncertainty, decision threshold
Abstract

Poisson-statistics based spectral unmixing has been shown to be an efficient analysis tool for the radionuclides activity estimation from gamma-ray spectrometry measurements. However, the calculation of the corresponding characteristic limits has not been investigated so far. In this paper, we present the quantification of the decision threshold and the limits of the coverage interval for the metrological use of such spectral unmixing algorithms. The proposed approach is evaluated and validated with simulated spectra of HPGe and NaI measurements by comparing the results to characteristic values calculated from Monte Carlo simulations. We focus particularly on the validation of the method for the metrological analysis of environmental measurements, for which the lowlevel activity quantification requires an accurate characteristic limits determination. Along with the instrument calibration studied in Xu et al. (2021), we establish a metrological analysis tool by using the spectral unmixing algorithm for environmental aerosol gamma-ray measurements.

Published
2021

33. Using the activity of naturally occurring radionuclides to identify the contribution of the Al industry to the atmosphere and plants

Author

Frédéric Treille, X. Cagnat, Laurent Pourcelot, Anne de Vismes-Ott, B. Boulet, C. Cossonnet, Hugo Jaegler, Christele Wampach, Sandrine Fleury, Daniele Dias Varela, Azza Habibi, Patricia Hennequet, Magali Beguin-Leprieur, Jean-Michel Métivier, Olivier Masson, J.-C. Raynal, Y. Noack, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ANR-11-LABX-0010,DRIIHM / IRDHEI,Dispositif de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux(2011), Laboratoire d'étude et d'expertise sur la radioactivité de l'environnement (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SEREN/LEREN), Service d'expertise et d'étude en radioprotection des populations et de la radioactivité dans l'environnement (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SEREN), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Gardanne, Alumine, Alumina, 010501 environmental sciences, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Résidus bauxite, Tree leaves, Atmosphere, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Environmental Chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Radionuclides, Pollutant, Aerosols, Radionuclide, OHM Bassin Minier de Provence, Feuilles arbre, Radionucléides, Thorium, Géochimie, Radioactive waste, 15. Life on land, Pollution, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, 6. Clean water, Red mud, Aerosol, Bauxite, Deposition (aerosol physics), Geochemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, engineering, Environmental science, Uranium
Abstract

International audience; Alumina production from bauxite ore gives rise to a large amount of liquid and solid waste since the production of 1 kg of alumina involves the same weight of solid residue, the well-known red muds enriched in iron and heavy metals. Up to now, without any valorization of by-products, the red muds have been stored in artificial ponds which are a potential source of pollutants for the surroundings due to the uplift of red dust under strong wind conditions. The goal of the current work is to perform an in situ study of the transfer of red mud micro particles in the atmosphere and in the terrestrial environment around the red mud disposition basins. To this end, the activity concentration of NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials such as U-238, decay products and Th-232) determined in plant leaves (Quercus robur and leaf vegetables) and in grains (wheat) is compared with the activity of the atmospheric micro particles, both taken in the environment of the red mud disposition basins (100-1,500 m). The activity ratios of NORM in vegetation and atmospheric micro particles are also compared to the ratios of potential sources of dust, such as soil and, above all, the red mud and bauxite emitted from the basins and from the piles, respectively.The increase in Th-232 and U-238 activity concentration in a few tree leaves (by a factor of 9 and 4, respectively) and in some aerosol samples is accompanied by a decrease in U-238/Th-232 activity ratio for these matrices. Low U-238/Th-232 is also observed in bauxite and red mud. This suggests that the airborne particles emitted by bauxite piles and red mud basins first contaminate the atmosphere and then the leafs surfaces, after deposition. Locally produced foodstuffs at a distance greater than 1,000 m from the ponds do not show any excess radionuclides, suggesting the low influence of airborne particles from the alumina production. Further variations in the Po-210/Pb-210 ratio in the plants and the atmospheric micro particles are consistent with the variation over time of these radionuclides coming in all likelihood from the atmosphere rather than from the aluminum industry.

Published
2021

35. Europe-Wide Atmospheric Radionuclide Dispersion by Unprecedented Wildfires in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, April 2020

Author

Masson, Olivier, primary, Romanenko, Oleksandr, additional, Saunier, Olivier, additional, Kirieiev, Serhii, additional, Protsak, Valentin, additional, Laptev, Gennady, additional, Voitsekhovych, Oleg, additional, Durand, Vanessa, additional, Coppin, Frédéric, additional, Steinhauser, Georg, additional, de Vismes Ott, Anne, additional, Renaud, Philippe, additional, Didier, Damien, additional, Boulet, Béatrice, additional, Morin, Maxime, additional, Hýža, Miroslav, additional, Camps, Johan, additional, Belyaeva, Olga, additional, Dalheimer, Axel, additional, Eleftheriadis, Konstantinos, additional, Gascó-Leonarte, Catalina, additional, Ioannidou, Alexandra, additional, Isajenko, Krzysztof, additional, Karhunen, Tero, additional, Kastlander, Johan, additional, Katzlberger, Christian, additional, Kierepko, Renata, additional, Knetsch, Gert-Jan, additional, Kónyi, Júlia Kövendiné, additional, Mietelski, Jerzy Wojciech, additional, Mirsch, Michael, additional, Møller, Bredo, additional, Nikolić, Jelena Krneta, additional, Povinec, Pavel Peter, additional, Rusconi, Rosella, additional, Samsonov, Vladimir, additional, Sýkora, Ivan, additional, Simion, Elena, additional, Steinmann, Philipp, additional, Stoulos, Stylianos, additional, Suarez-Navarro, José Antonio, additional, Wershofen, Herbert, additional, Zapata-García, Daniel, additional, and Zorko, Benjamin, additional

Published
2021
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36. Using the activity of naturally occurring radionuclides to identify the contribution of the Al industry to the atmosphere and plants

Author

Pourcelot, Laurent, primary, Masson, Olivier, additional, Beguin-Leprieur, Magali, additional, Boulet, Béatrice, additional, Cagnat, Xavier, additional, De Vismes-Ott, Anne, additional, Habibi, Azza, additional, Jaegler, Hugo, additional, Wampach, Christele, additional, Dias Varela, Daniele, additional, Fleury, Sandrine, additional, Treille, Frédéric, additional, Hennequet, Patricia, additional, Métivier, Jean-Michel, additional, Cossonnet, Catherine, additional, Raynal, J.-C., additional, and Noack, Y., additional

Published
2021
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37. Analysis of gamma-ray spectra with spectral unmixing - Part I: Determination of the characteristic limits (decision threshold and statistical uncertainty) for measurements of environmental aerosol filters

Author

Jiaxin Xu, Jérôme Bobin, Anne de Vismes Ott, Christophe Bobin, Paul Malfrait, Laboratoire de métrologie de la radioactivité dans l'environnement (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SAME/LMRE), Service d'analyses et de métrologie de l'environnement (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SAME), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and IRSN

Subjects
Radiation, Uncertainty, spectrum analysis, gamma-rays, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], simulation, decision threshold, Full spectrum analysis, spectrometry, metrology, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, particle transport, radioactivity, spectral unmixing, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Monte-Carlo, Gamma spectrometry, ionizing radiation, signal processing, radionuclide
Abstract

International audience; Poisson-statistics based spectral unmixing has been shown to be an efficient analysis tool for the radionuclides activity estimation from gamma-ray spectrometry measurements. However, the calculation of the corresponding characteristic limits has not been investigated so far. In this paper, we present the quantification of the decision threshold and the limits of the coverage interval for the metrological use of such spectral unmixing algorithms. The proposed approach is evaluated and validated with simulated spectra of HPGe and NaI measurements by comparing the results to characteristic limits calculated from Monte-Carlo simulations. We focus particularly on the validation of the method for the metrological analysis of environmental measurements, for which the low-level activity quantification requires an accurate characteristic limits determination. Along with the instrument calibration, we establish a metrological analysis tool by using the spectral unmixing algorithm for environmental aerosol filters measured by gamma-ray spectrometry.

Published
2021

38. Improved radiocesium purification in low-level radioactive soil and sediment samples prior to 135Cs/137Cs ratio measurement by ICP-MS/MS.

Author

Magre, Anaelle, Boulet, Beatrice, Pourcelot, Laurent, Roy-Barman, Matthieu, de Vismes Ott, Anne, and Ardois, Christophe

Subjects
SEDIMENT sampling, SOIL sampling, POLLUTION, RADIOACTIVE contamination, CESIUM, ANDOSOLS, ANTIMONY
Abstract

The 135Cs/137Cs isotopic ratio allows to characterize the potential sources of radioactive contamination in the environment. This ratio is usually determined in highly contaminated environmental samples by combining selective radiochemistry with mass spectrometry measurement. In contrast, few data are available at the environmental level of 137Cs (< 1 kBq.kg−1) due to the occurrence of interferents (Ba, Mo, Sb and Sn) in the mass range of interest and due to the very few radiocesium atoms. To obtain enough radiocesium from an environmental material with low levels of radioactivity, a large sample must be analyzed. In the present work, a new method of Cs extraction and purification has been developed allowing for the first time to analyze 100 g of ash of soil or sediment in only one week. The achieved chemical performances are excellent with a 137Cs recovery yield from soil and sediment samples, deduced from gamma spectrometry, above 80% and decontamination factors of 1.4 × 107, 5.7 × 104, 2.3 × 105 and 1.5 × 104 for Ba, Mo, Sb and Sn respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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39. Europe-wide atmospheric radionuclide dispersion by unprecedented wildfires in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, April 2020

Author

Damien Didier, Benjamin Zorko, Catalina Gascó-Leonarte, V. Durand, Frederic Coppin, R. Rusconi, A. Dalheimer, Jerzy W. Mietelski, K. Isajenko, Alexandra Ioannidou, Philippe Renaud, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Júlia Kövendiné Kónyi, I. Sýkora, Daniel Zapata-García, Gennady Laptev, Vladimir Samsonov, Serhii Kirieiev, Johan Kastlander, José Antonio Suarez-Navarro, Elena Simion, Anne de Vismes Ott, Tero Karhunen, Olivier Saunier, Renata Kierepko, Oleksandr Romanenko, Maxime Morin, Pavel P. Povinec, Bredo Møller, Olga Belyaeva, Michael Mirsch, H. Wershofen, Philipp Steinmann, Olivier Masson, Miroslav Hýža, Jelena Krneta Nikolić, Valentin Protsak, B. Boulet, Johan Camps, Georg Steinhauser, Stylianos Stoulos, Gert-Jan Knetsch, Christian Katzlberger, Oleg Voitsekhovych, Laboratoire d'étude et d'expertise sur la radioactivité de l'environnement [Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance] (PSE-ENV/SEREN/LEREN), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE/SESUC/BMCA, Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute, Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute (UHMI), Laboratoire de recherche sur les transferts de radionucléides dans les écosystèmes terrestres (LR2T), PSE-ENV/SAME/LMRE, PSE-ENV, PSE-SANTE/SESUC, PRP-ENV/STEME/LMRE, Laboratoire de Mesure de la Radioactivité dans l’Environnement, PSE-ENV/SIRSE/LSE, National Radiation Protection Institute (SÚRO), Centre d’Etude de l’Energie Nucléaire (SCK-CEN), Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies (NAS RA), Radiation And Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK), Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Jozef Stefan Institute [Ljubljana] (IJS), PSE-ENV/SEREN/LEREN, Rivne NPP (Rivne NPP), State Specialized Enterprise ECOCENTRE (SSE ECOCENTRE), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LR2T, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute of Radioecology andRadiation Protection (Leibniz Universität Hannover), Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research (NCSR Demokritos), Unidad de Radioactividad Ambiental y Vigilancia Radiológica, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Nuclear Physics and Elementary Particle Physics Division, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection (CLRP), Department of Radiation Protection and Technical Quality Assurance, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), The Henryk Nievodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, (IFJ), Division of Environmental and Public Radiohygiene, National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene (OSSKI), The Henryk Nievodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics (IFJ), mergency Preparedness and Response, Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (DSA), Laboratory for Radiation Measurements. Department of Radiation and Environmental Protection, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences (Vinča Institute), Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Comenius University, Centro Regionale Radioprotezione, Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell’Ambiente della Lombardia (ARPA Lombardia), Republican Center of Hydrometeorology, Radioactive Contamination Control and Environmental Monitoring, DEPARTMENT OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND BIOPHYSICS, National Reference Laboratory, National Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Radioactivity Section, Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH - OFSP), Nuclear Physics and Elementary Particle Physics Division, Physics Department, UNIDAD DE RADIOACTIVIDAD AMBIENTAL Y VIGILANCIA RADIOLÓGICA, 11 Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), and Institut 'Jozef Stefan' (IJS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Arrival time, Fires, wildfire, Wildfires, dose assessment, Environmental Chemistry, Exclusion zone, Precipitation, chernobyl, radionuclides, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Anthropogenic radionuclides, Smoke, firefighters, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Radionuclide, General Chemistry, Atmospheric dispersion modeling, Plume, Europe, Chernobyl Nuclear Accident, 13. Climate action, Air Pollutants, Radioactive, Cesium Radioisotopes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Physical geography, Ukraine
Abstract

International audience; From early April 2020, wildfires raged in the highly contaminated areas around the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (CNPP), Ukraine. For about 4 weeks, the fires spread around and into the Chernobyl exclusion zone (CEZ) and came within a few kilometers of both the CNPP and radioactive waste storage facilities. Wildfires occurred on several occasions throughout the month of April. They were extinguished, but weather conditions and the spread of fires by airborne embers and smoldering fires led to new fires starting at different locations of the CEZ. The forest fires were only completely under control at the beginning of May, thanks to the tireless and incessant work of the firefighters and a period of sustained precipitation. In total, 0.7–1.2 TBq 137Cs were released into the atmosphere. Smoke plumes partly spread south and west and contributed to the detection of airborne 137Cs over the Ukrainian territory and as far away as Western Europe. The increase in airborne 137Cs ranged from several hundred μBq·m–3 in northern Ukraine to trace levels of a few μBq·m–3 or even within the usual background level in other European countries. Dispersion modeling determined the plume arrival time and was helpful in the assessment of the possible increase in airborne 137Cs concentrations in Europe. Detections of airborne 90Sr (emission estimate 345–612 GBq) and Pu (up to 75 GBq, mostly 241Pu) were reported from the CEZ. Americium-241 represented only 1.4% of the total source term corresponding to the studied anthropogenic radionuclides but would have contributed up to 80% of the inhalation dose.

Published
2021

40. A comprehensive assessment of radioactivity monitoring in the Channel Islands

Author

FIEVET, Bruno, BAILLY DU BOIS, Pascal, VOISEUX, Claire, GODINOT, Claire, CAZIMAJOU, Olivier, SOLIER, Luc, DE VISMES, Anne, COSSONNET, Catherine, HABIBI, Azza, FLEURY, Sandrine, PSE-ENV/SRTE/LRC, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SAME/LMRE, PSE-ENV/SAME/LERCA, and PSE-ENV/SAME/LMN

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract

International audience; The Channel Islands are located in the Normand-Breton Gulf (NBG), in the mid-part of the English Channel (France, Normandy). In the northern part, off Cap La Hague, controlled amounts of radioactive liquid waste are discharged by the ORANO La Hague nuclear fuel reprocessing plant (RP). Radionuclides were monitored in the NBG to assess the dispersion of radioactive discharges from the RP in the marine environment. The temporal and spatial distribution of the data are consistent with the history of the discharges, with most gamma emitter radionuclide environmental levels being close to or below the current limits of detection. A clear fingerprint of H-3, C-14 and I-129 radionuclides discharged from the RP is measured. The hydrodynamics in the NBG do not yield a simple gradient with linear distance from the outfall of the RP. Modelling tools were used to understand how radioactive discharges spread from the source of input. Dispersion patterns clearly illustrate the different behaviours of soluble and non-soluble radionuclides. The study indicated that the footprint of radioactive liquid discharges by French nuclear facilities was still measurable in species collected from the NBG for the mostly dissolved radionuclides. The less conservative ones, with a high affinity for suspended matter, are potentially influenced by old releases. These pathways could be investigated by dedicated hydrodynamic dispersion models. Overall, in the Channel Islands the levels are low and consistent with the general decrease in liquid radionuclide discharges by the RP since the 1990s.

Published
2020

42. Cheminer ensemble

Author

Florence de Vismes, Aline Châtelet, and Amina Menssouri

Published
2020

43. Spectral unmixing applied to fast identification of γ-emitting radionuclides using NaI(Tl) detectors

Author

Thiam, C., Bobin, C., Lourenço, V., Chisté, V., Amiot, M.-N., Mougeot, X., Lacour, D., Rigoulay, F., Ferreux, L., Paradis, H., Bobin, J., Bouchard, J., André, R., de Vismes Ott, A., Thévenin, M., Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Laboratoire de Cosmologie et Statistiques (LCS - COSMOSTAT), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, IRSN - LABORATOIRE DE MESURE DE LA RADIOACTIVITE DANS L'ENVIRONNEMENT, IRSN - LABORATOIRE DE MESURE DE LA RADIOACTIVITE DANS L'ENVIRONNEMENT,Bois des Rames, 91400, Orsay, France, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'Électronique et Traitement du Signal (LETS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay

Subjects
Signal processing, Ionizing radiation, Monte Carlo method, Nuclear material, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Optics, Multiplicative update algorithm, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Automatic decision-making, Environmental analysis, Monte Carlo, nuclear instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, gamma spectrometry, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Radionuclide, Radiation, business.industry, NaI(Tl) detector, Spectrometry, Detector, gamma-rays, Spectrum analysis, 0104 chemical sciences, Radioactivity, Inverse problem, business, [STAT.ME]Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME], Spectroscopic measurements, Spectral unmixing
Abstract

International audience; Spectral unmixing was investigated for fast spectroscopic identification in γ-emitter mixtures at low-statistics in the case of measurements performed to prevent illegal nuclear material trafficking or for in situ environmental analysis following a radiological or nuclear accident. For that purpose, a multiplicative update algorithm based on full-spectrum analysis was tested in the case of a 3″x3″ NaI(Tl) detector. Automatic decision-making was addressed using Monte Carlo calculations of decision thresholds and detection limits. The first results obtained with a portable instrument equipped with a 3″x3″ NaI(Tl) detector designed for the control of food samples by non-expert users following a radiological or nuclear accident, are also presented.

Published
2020

44. Sparse spectral unmixing for activity estimation in γ-RAY spectrometry applied to environmental measurements

Author

A. de Vismes Ott, Christophe Bobin, Jiaxin Xu, Jérôme Bobin, PSE-ENV/SAME/LMRE, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de métrologie de la radioactivité dans l'environnement (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SAME/LMRE), Service d'analyses et de métrologie de l'environnement (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SAME), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)

Subjects
Signal processing, gamma-ray spectrometry, Physics::Medical Physics, spectrum analysis, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry, Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Physics::Geophysics, spectrometry, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, spectral unmixing, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], radionuclide, gamma spectrometry, Physics, Radiation, Spectral signature, Spectrum (functional analysis), gamma-rays, Inverse problem, 0104 chemical sciences, radioactivity, inverse problem, activity estimation, γ ray spectrometry, Biological system, ionizing radiation
Abstract

International audience; This paper presents a sparse spectral unmixing algorithm for activity estimation of radionuclides in γ-ray spectrometry. The spectral unmixing method aims to decompose a measured spectrum into spectral signatures of radionuclides, which is sensitive to the choice of the spectral signatures. The sparsity of the solution is imposed to identify the active radionuclides. Experimental results on simulated and real spectra show that the proposed method yields significant improvement for estimating radioactivity at low statistics.

Published
2020

45. Consistency test of coincidence-summing calculation methods for extended sources

Author

Jelena Krneta Nikolić, Ivana Vukanac, A. de Vismes Ott, M.I. Savva, Haluk Yücel, K. Tymińska, Paweł Saganowski, Tran Thien Thanh, R. Semmler, Jaroslav Šolc, Matthias Laubenstein, D. Gurau, Zbigniew Tymiński, T. Vidmar, Marina F. Koskinas, Laurent Ferreux, Paweł Jodłowski, Mario O. de Menezes, Denise S. Moreira, Pavel Dryak, Y. K. Lee, Marie-Christine Lépy, Mauro S. Dias, V. Peyres, K. Karfopoulos, Santiago Hurtado, Octavian Sima, Aurelian Luca, Department of Physics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 077125, Romania, Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Laboratoire de métrologie de la radioactivité dans l'environnement (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SAME/LMRE), Service d'analyses et de métrologie de l'environnement (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SAME), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares [São Paulo] (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP)-Comissão National de Energia Nuclear (CNEN), Czech Metrology Institute, Laboratoire de mesures nucléaires (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SAME/LMN), Universidad de Sevilla / University of Sevilla, AGH University of Science and Technology [Krakow, PL] (AGH UST), Greek Atomic Energy Commission (EEAE), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Service d’Études des Réacteurs et de Mathématiques Appliquées (SERMA), Département de Modélisation des Systèmes et Structures (DM2S), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade [Belgrade], Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas [Madrid] (CIEMAT), National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety (INRASTES), National Center for Scientific Research 'Demokritos' (NCSR), Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Centre d'Etude de l'Energie Nucléaire (SCK-CEN), Ankara University, and A. Luca acknowledges support from the Joint research project IFA-CEA no. C5-09/2016 and Program Nucleu - project PN 19 06 02 04/2019.

Subjects
Magnitude (mathematics), [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry, Coincidence-summing corrections, 01 natural sciences, Coincidence, Consistency test, spectrometry, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], nuclear instrumentation, Mathematics, instrumentation, Radiation, Ideal (set theory), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Mathematical analysis, Exact differential equation, gamma-rays, Gamma-ray spectrometry, Calculation methods, Coincidence-maiming corrections, 0104 chemical sciences, Test (assessment), Volume (thermodynamics), Self-consistency test, radioactivity, HPGe detector, ionizing radiation
Abstract

International audience; An internal consistency test of the calculation of coincidence-summing correction factors FC for volume sources is presented. The test is based on exact equations relating the values of FC calculated for three ideal measurement configurations. The test is applied to a number of 33 sets of FC values sent by 21 teams. Most sets passed the test, but not the results obtained using the quasi-point source approximation; in the latter case the test qualitatively indicated the magnitude of the bias of FC.

Published
2020

46. Consistency test of coincidence-summing calculation methods for extended sources

Author

Sima, Octavian, De Vismes-Ott, Anne, Dias, M. S., Dryak, Pavel, Ferreux, Laurent, Gurau, Daniela, Hurtado, S., Jodlowski, Pawel, Karfopoulos, Konstantinos L., Koskinas, Marina Fallone, Laubenstein, Matthias, Lee, Y. K., Lepy, Marie Christine, Luca, Aurelian, Menezes, M. O., Moreira, Denise S., Krneta-Nikolić, Jelena D., Peyres, Virginia, Saganowski, Pawel, Savva, Marilia I., Semmler, Renato, Solc, Jaroslav, Thanh, T. T., Tyminska, Katarzyna, Tyminski, Zbigniew, Vidmar, Tim, Vukanac, Ivana, Yucel, Haluk, Sima, Octavian, De Vismes-Ott, Anne, Dias, M. S., Dryak, Pavel, Ferreux, Laurent, Gurau, Daniela, Hurtado, S., Jodlowski, Pawel, Karfopoulos, Konstantinos L., Koskinas, Marina Fallone, Laubenstein, Matthias, Lee, Y. K., Lepy, Marie Christine, Luca, Aurelian, Menezes, M. O., Moreira, Denise S., Krneta-Nikolić, Jelena D., Peyres, Virginia, Saganowski, Pawel, Savva, Marilia I., Semmler, Renato, Solc, Jaroslav, Thanh, T. T., Tyminska, Katarzyna, Tyminski, Zbigniew, Vidmar, Tim, Vukanac, Ivana, and Yucel, Haluk

Abstract

An internal consistency test of the calculation of coincidence-summing correction factors FC for volume sources is presented. The test is based on exact equations relating the values of FC calculated for three ideal measurement configurations. The test is applied to a number of 33 sets of FC values sent by 21 teams. Most sets passed the test, but not the results obtained using the quasi-point source approximation; in the latter case the test qualitatively indicated the magnitude of the bias of FC. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd

Published
2020

47. Potential Source Apportionment and Meteorological Conditions Involved in Airborne 131I Detections in January/February 2017 in Europe

Author

J. Kövendiné Kónyi, Renata Kierepko, J. Bieringer, I. Sykora, Petr Rulík, R. Rusconi, Kurt Ungar, Laurent Pourcelot, W. Ringer, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, H. Wershofen, C. Gasco Leonarte, A. de Vismes-Ott, Zsolt Homoki, J. Tschiersch, Benjamin Zorko, M. Hýža, Georg Steinhauser, Olivier Masson, Tero Karhunen, Dragana Todorović, Pavel P. Povinec, B. Møller, Helmut W Fischer, E. Dalaka, G. Sáfrány, Jerzy W. Mietelski, K. Isajenko, Thomas Steinkopff, Helena Malá, Olivier Saunier, A. Dalheimer, Jelena Krneta Nikolić, Christian Katzlberger, T.W. Bowyer, M. Rajacic, M. Forte, K. Gorzkiewicz, and Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, business.industry, chemistry.chemical_element, General Chemistry, 010501 environmental sciences, Particulates, Nuclear power, Uranium, Orders of magnitude (volume), Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Atmosphere, chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Nuclear fission, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science, business, Sludge, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Spontaneous fission
Abstract

International audience; Traces of particulate radioactive iodine (131I) were detected in the European atmosphere in January/February 2017. Concentrations of this nuclear fission product were very low, ranging 0.1 to 10 μBq m-3 except at one location in western Russia where they reached up to several mBq m-3. Detections have been reported continuously over an 8-week period by about 30 monitoring stations. We examine possible emission source apportionments and rank them considering their expected contribution in terms of orders of magnitude from typical routine releases: radiopharmaceutical production units > sewage sludge incinerators > nuclear power plants > spontaneous fission of uranium in soil. Inverse modeling simulations indicate that the widespread detections of 131I resulted from the combination of multiple source releases. Among them, those from radiopharmaceutical production units remain the most likely. One of them is located in Western Russia and its estimated source term complies with authorized limits. Other existing sources related to 131I use (medical purposes or sewage sludge incineration) can explain detections on a rather local scale. As an enhancing factor, the prevailing wintertime meteorological situations marked by strong temperature inversions led to poor dispersion conditions that resulted in higher concentrations exceeding usual detection limits in use within the informal Ring of Five (Ro5) monitoring network. © 2018 American Chemical Society.

Published
2018

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