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In this study, we report the rearing of Brachyopa panzeri from larva and elucidate its life circle with a duration of the pupal stage for the first time. We described the puparium of B. panzeri which morphology was unknown to the current study. The study on the larva of B. panzeri showed discrepancies between our observations and its original description. These allowed us to redescribe the larva, explaining the uncertainties that have existed in the literature since the description of the larva. We clarified larval morphology and proposed new characters for its identification with the map of chetotaxy. Morphological features of larva and pupa were illustrated using both light and electron microscopy. Additionally, we reared endoparasitoid wasp Tetrastichus brachyopae Graham, 1991 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from B. panzeri for the first time. Moreover, T. brachyopae is a new species for Ukraine.

Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) stand out as one of the most diverse families not just among insects but also among all living organisms on Earth. They have emerged as essential bioindicators of environmental disturbance, reflecting changes in ecosystems due to agricultural, forestry, and urbanization practices. The presence, abundance, and species composition of carabid communities serve as reliable indicators of habitat quality and ecosystem health. We conducted a comprehensive study of the meadow-steppe habitats, utilizing ground beetles as sensitive ecological indicators. We delineated four distinct groups of species based on ecological preferences and habitat affinities: I) steppe xerothermophilic stenobionts; II) steppe and ruderal xero- and mesophilic eurybionts; III) meadow and ruderal meso- and hygrophilous eurybionts; and IV) forest meso- and hygrophilous steno- and eurybionts. Our findings elucidate a distinct response of ground beetle species groups to transformation processes occurring within meadow steppes. Species belonging to group I (Brachinus crepitans, Ophonus rupicola, O. puncticollis, Leistus ferrugineus) expanded notably in distribution under conditions characterized by xerophilization and elevated temperatures. Conversely, species within group II (Harpalus atratus, H. caspius, H. hospes, H. solitaris, Ophonus azureus) and group III (Amara aenea, A. familiaris, Calathus fuscipes, Carabus cancellatus, C. convexus, Cylindera germanica, Harpalus affinis, H. latus, H. rubripes, H. xanthopus, Pterostichus atrorufus, P. cupreus, P. strenuus) showed a comparable response to the habitat, with a preference for higher soil mois­ture. Species within group IV (Abax carinatus, A. parallelepipedus, A. parallelus, Carabus arvensis, C. glabratus, C. linnei, C. nemoralis, C. ulrichii, C. variolosus, Cychrus caraboides, C. semigranosus, Leistus piceus, Limodromus assimilis, Molops piceus, Pterostichus melanarius, P. niger, P. oblongopunctatus) demonstrated an association with markedly different environmental condi­tions, characterized by significant moisture levels and relatively lower soil temperatures conducive to their existence. Steppe species (group I) were observed in only 12 out of 27 sample plots of meadow steppes, while a significant presence of species from groups II and III was evident in most cases, indicating mesophilization due to shrub and tree vegetation expansion. Forest species of ground beetles (group IV) were prevalent in the majority of meadow steppe sample plots, reflecting disruption of plagioclimax likely re­sulting from the cessation of traditional economic practices. Despite the presence of the meadow-steppe vegetation, steppe species of ground beetles were entirely absent, suggesting their potential as early indicators of ongoing changes in the meadow-steppe habitats.

The current study is a continuation of our research on the unification of the Ukrainian vernacular nomenclature of the longhorn beetles of the fauna of Ukraine. In the first part of our study, we unified and codified Ukrainian vernacular nomenclature of two subfamilies including Spondilidinae and Prioninae, in the second—Cerambycinae, in the third—Lepturinae and Necydalinae. In the fourth part, we considered the largest and final subfamily of the longhorn beetles in the fauna of Ukraine—flat-faced longhorns (Lamiinae). As a result, 156 taxa of flat-faced longhorns of various ranks were identified, for which there are scientific (Latin) names. These belong to 13 subspecies, 103 species, 29 genera and 10 tribes and 1 subfamily. The analysis of providing these taxa with Ukrainian vernacular names showed that only 52 of them (40 species and 12 genera) have counterparts known in the literature. However, only half of them is suitable for further use in a unified Ukrainian vernacular nomenclature. The other studied names are non-binominal (for species), denote the names of two or more genera at the same time, contain appositions or compound words written with a hyphen, transferred from Russian or transliterated from Latin. An analysis of the demand for Ukrainian vernacular nomenclature of the flat-faced longhorns in several biodiversity databases showed that all of them provide option for use of Ukrainian names. Moreover, some of them, in the absence of the Ukrainian nomenclature, replace it with an English-language one. The unification of the flat-faced longhorns names included the introduction of a universal system of name convention, as close as possible to scientific and at the same time specifically national, reflecting the traditions of Ukrainian nomenclature. The result of our study was the unification and codification in Ukrainian of 156 vernacular names of taxa of the subfamily of flat-faced longhorns, 122 of which are proposed for the first time. The use of the proposed Ukrainian names is of exclusively advisory and cannot replace valid scientific names. In scientific and technical publications, popular science, fiction and educational texts, in oral communication, it is desirable to accompany scientific Latin names in Ukrainian.

Phytoecia tigrina Mulsant (1851) is recognized as a species under strict protection EU Habitat Directive, it represents a focal point for conservation efforts across Europe. However, the dearth of comprehensive understanding regarding its biology, ecology, and geographical distribution poses formidable challenges to conservation endeavors. In the current study, we have delineated eight European and two Asian distinct metapopulations of Ph. tigrina across its geographic range, with a particular emphasis on elucidating its dispersion within the Circum-Carpathian region. This delineation serves to underscore the species' distribution, niche dimensions and limits of ecological tolerance that illuminate its adaptation capacity to diverse environmental conditions within the range. Our study has unveiled notable differentials in both morphological and ecological traits among Ph. tigrina metapopulations, notably between those located on the eastern and western flanks of the Carpathian Arc. Such differentials suggest the influence of divergent evolutionary trajectories, likely influenced by historical climatic changes during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene epochs. Significantly, specimens derived from eastern metapopulations exhibit morphological features of sufficient magnitude to warrant the proposition of a distinct subspecies, Phytoecia (Pilemia) tigrina podillica ssp. nov. This taxonomic delineation underscores the taxonomic complexity inherent within the Ph. tigrina species complex. Our investigations have further illuminated the historical dynamics of the species distribution, indicating the presence at least of two refugia during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). These refugial enclaves, situated in the Sea of Marmara/Eastern Aegean Sea region and the Pannonian Plain, likely played pivotal roles in shaping contemporary distributional patterns. Moreover, our ecological niche modeling endeavors have elucidated rapid expansions of suitable habitat for Ph. tigrina during post-glacial epochs, notably the Preboreal and Boreal periods. These expansions aligned with the rapid dispersion of its host plant Cynoglottis barrelieri supplying colonization of new territories in the face of the fast-changing post-glacial environment. Our study underscores the intricate interplay between evolutionary history, environmental dynamics, and imperatives for conservation Ph. tigrina. By elucidating these complexities, we endeavor to furnish a robust foundation for future conservation initiatives aimed at safeguarding this emblematic species and its associated habitats.

This paper summarises the inventory of biota of the western region of Ukraine in the web resource Data Centre ‘Biodiversity of Ukraine’ (DCBU) (http://dc.smnh.org), a growing biodiversity platform launched on 25 May 2017 and which organises knowledge on the biodiversity of Ukraine. The main objective and originality of DCBU is to aggregate curated biodiversity data of different kinds (e.g. scientific and vernacular names, data records of species, their geotagged geographical and biotopic distribution, conservation categories, and representation in protected areas of Ukraine). The database of the resource is primarily filled with data concerning 7 oblasts (Volyn, Rivne, Lviv, Ternopil, Ivano-Frankivsk, Chernivtsi, and Zakarpattia oblasts) of the western region of Ukraine, which is discussed in this article. Currently, the following number of species of living organisms has been recorded for the mentioned oblasts of the region: Volyn Oblast—1311 species/80 protected species listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine, Rivne Oblast—535/47, Lviv Oblast—3163/211, Ternopil Oblast—1081/164, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast—1942/157, Chernivtsi Oblast—672/87, and Zakarpatska Oblast—2125/149. Taxonomic accounts in the DCBU cover 5 kingdoms (Chromista, Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia), 22 phyla, 81 classes, 283 orders, 1292 families, 4741 genera, and 11 763 species. DCBU enables the following operations to be accomplished: to create species lists of different taxonomic rank of separate territorial regions and water bodies of the country and also of different time intervals, to create lists of protected and endemic species and of those that are deposited in collections of scientific institutions; to find a particular specimen according to the inventory number, to create species lists according to the type of recording/collecting, collected or determined by certain specialists, to search for literature sources concerning the Ukrainian biota, and to advanced search for all mentioned parameters as well. The accumulation of information on biodiversity, the possibility of its searching and the free access would promote the development and speed-up of scientific research, the effective control of the ecological state of the environment by the public, and sustainable development.

The first insect-targeted study of the European mistletoe, Viscum album L., was conducted in Ukraine. In total, 35 species of insects reared from mistletoe were identified to belong to 5 orders, 20 families and 34 genera. Twenty-seven identified species were reared from mistletoe for the first time, including 17 species of Hymenoptera, 8 species of Coleoptera and 2 species of Diptera. Our results revealed significant gaps in knowledge about insects associated with mistletoe. This is appeared in the fact that more than 77 % of the insects we reared have never been detected on mistletoe before. It is obviously that 70 % to 90 % of the insects associated with mistletoe remain unknown. We also found a highly probable tripartite link between the European mistletoe, parasitic fungus Sphaeropsis visci and the saproxylic and mycetophagous Coleoptera. The in[1]teraction of Coleoptera with S. visci is facultatively mutualistic, and beetles act as vectors to spread spores and mycelium among mistletoes. In addition, we found the mass breading of invasive species Leiopus femoratus on V. album. Hence, V. album might play a crucial role in the mass and rapid invasion of L. femoratus in Europe.

Agapanthiola leucaspis is a steppe transpalearctic cerambycid species, widely distributed from the Pannonian lowland in Europe to the Mongolian plateau in Asia. In Ukraine, the species was previously known from the Pontic Plains and the Crimean Peninsula. However, in the last decade, a number of new localities of A. leucaspis have been discovered far outside the original range. We previously hypothesized a possible link between the northward spread of A. leucaspis and the current climate change. In this paper, we tested this hypothesis using computer simulations with GIS technologies. Our primary objective was to determine the critical value of key climatic factors that could potentially trigger the northward and montane range expansion of A. leucaspis. We collected all available data, including our own materials, scientific collections, published scientific papers, and citizen science data on the distribution of A. leucaspis in Ukraine and neighboring countries. These data were separated by the time of records before 2000 and after 2000 according to the change of the current understanding of climatic norm of 1950-2000 due to global warming. As a result, we determined the ecological valency of A. leucaspis in relation to climatic factors and built a model of its original range. Further simulations were associated with a +2.0°C change in global temperature parameters in 0.5°C increments and a 30% increase and decrease in precipitation in 10% increments. Resultantly, we found that the amount of precipitation and the seasonality of temperatures, especially in winter, are crucial factors for the observed fluctuation of A. leucaspis range. An increase in average temperatures eliminates the winter frosts which are limiting factor for the spread of A. leucaspis to the north. The decrease in average annual precipitation increases the probability of the species survival in areas where this was previously impossible. We have shown that to expand the current range of A. leucaspis, it is enough to warm the climate in the annual average by +0.5°C and reduce the amount of precipitation by 10%. A warmer and drier climate is the main abiotic factor for the expansion of A. leucaspis into higher latitudes and mountains.

Due to classical taxonomy, the subfamily Lepturinae is divided into two large tribes Rhagiini s.l. and Lepturini s.l. However, this division is clearly artificial and does not correspond to the evolutionary relationships between the groups of genera with different morphologies that are part of these two tribes. However, there is a consensus among researchers supporting the monophyly of Lepturini s.l. while there is no such consensus for Rhagiini s.l. Over the past three decades, there have been several attempts to revise the tribe Rhagiini s.l. and divide it into smaller tribes. These attempts were somewhat successful based on larval and adult morphology. In general, eight tribes are distinguished within Rhagiini s.l. These include Teledapini, Xylosteini, Encyclopini, Oxymirini, Enoploderini, Rhamnusiini, Rhagiini and Sachalinobiini. However, the new system of Rhagiini s.l. is not always unambiguously accepted by different researchers, which causes discussions among experts. First of all, this is due to the fact that this system is only partially natural and far from fully reflects the phylogeny not only of Rhagiini s.l., but also of entire subfamily Lepturinae. In addition to the classical morphologic methods of studies, the use of the modern molecular phylogenetic methods opens up wide prospects for solving this puzzle. However, there have been very few such studies. Moreover, all of them were based on the use of only one gene. In this study, I used a general time-reversible (GTR) model of sequence evolution based on three mitochondrial (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, COI) and two nuclear (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA) genes. My analysis yielded a well-resolved phylogenetic maximum likelihood tree, which clearly demonstrates the paraphyly of Rhagiini s.l. It consists of at least three clades representing different and distantly related evolutionary branches: 1) PaRh, 2) OSaXyR-SEP, 3) GAC. The extant Rhagiini s.l. are mostly heterogeneous relict groups with an intricate evolutionary and phylogeographic history. Most of these groups are represented by one or very few species, often isolated geographically on different continents. In particular, numerous cases of parallel and convergent evolution and homoplasy, a chimeric combination of plesiomorphic and apomorphic morphological characters, were found in all clades. Therefore, the evolutionary "tree" of Rhagiini s.l. is more like a "bush" with numerous relict branches. Finally, I proposed a new taxonomic model of Rhagiini s.l., which is the most consistent with their natural phylogeny, with new developments in nomenclature.

Stenurella genus is represented by nine small-sized and widely distributed Palaearctic species. Representatives of the genus play a key role in the pollination of wild angiosperms, accelerate the detritus cycle and make a significant contribution to the forest food web. A number of species with heterogeneous morphological features found within the single Stenurella genus indicate the need for revision of the taxonomy this genus. The previous attempt to resolve the intrageneric composition of Stenurella was rather artificial because it did not take into an account evolutionary relationships. In this study we tested the existing model of Stenurella intrageneric subdivision using both morphological and molecular approaches. Our results showed that the genus Stenurella is polyphyletic and consists of two unrelated clades. The first clade comprises six species (S. jaegeri, S. novercalis, S. bifasciata, S. melanura, S. hybridula and S. approximans) and the second includes three species (S. septempunctata, S. vaucheri and S. nigra). Moreover, we found that the second clade is closely related to Rutpela due to both morphological and molecular phylogeny. Based on our findings, we revised the present structure of the genus Stenurella and transferred three species of the second clade to the genus Rutpela, sensu novo. The genus Rutpela was redescribed in the light of our results. Furthermore, we subdivided the genus Stenurella, sensu nov. into two subgenera, Stenurella, subgen. sensu nov. and Priscostenurella, subgen. sensu nov., respectively. Also, the genus Rutpela, sensu nov. was subdivided into four subgenera including Nigrostenurella, Rutpela, Eduardvivesia, subgen. nov. and Nigromacularia, subgen. nov. The assessment of the place of Stenurella, sensu novo and Rutpela, sensu novo within Lepturini based on molecular phylogeny, showed that Stenurella, sensu novo belongs to the Anoplodera-branch and Rutpela, sensu novo nested within the Leptura-branch. These together with morphological features confirmed our idea of the evolutionary distinctiveness of Stenurella, sensu novo and Rutpela, sensu novo. We assumed that the general external morphological similarity of Stenurella, sensu novo and Rutpela, sensu novo was the result of convergent evolution, driven by mimetic selection toward imitation of ants or wasps. Finally, our study establishes a natural phylogenetic taxonomy of Stenurella.

The study of the longhorn beetles fauna in Ukraine has been going on for two centuries. During this time, huge collections of materials have been accumulated. These enabled a comprehensive view of the fauna of the longhorn beetles in Ukraine to be formed. However, despite this, the first complete list of the longhorn beetles of the fauna of Ukraine was compiled by Zahajkevych only in the late twentieth century. He listed 275 species. Decades later, Bartenev supplemented Zahajkevych’s list with five more species, suggesting that there are 280 species in Ukraine. In 2009, Bartenev expanded his previous list to 284 species. Recently, however, the fauna of the longhorn beetles in Ukraine has been fluctuating due to climate change. The southern species are actively expanding their range to the north, and seven new species of longhorn beetles have been identified in Ukraine over the past decade. In addition, the new synonymy is also the reason for changes in the list of the longhorn beetles in Ukraine. In particular, from Bartenev’s latest list, I removed 14 synonymous species and 5 species that have never been registered in Ukraine. In total, the list of the longhorn beetles I have revised includes 279 species from 114 genera, 44 tribes and 6 subfamilies. One of them, Batocera lineolata Chevrolat, 1852, is not naturalized in Ukraine and is known from the only record of a female reared from wooden packaging materials. The degree of study of the longhorn beetle fauna of the physiographic regions of Ukraine is very uneven. The fauna of the western, northern, eastern and extreme southern regions of Ukraine is the most fully studied. At the same time, the fauna of the central regions of Ukraine is still very poorly known. Further research on the longhorn beetles in Ukraine should be conducted in two directions: 1) completing the lists for physiographic regions and 2) monitoring fauna changes under the influence of climate change.

The first insect-targeted study of the European mistletoe, Viscum album L., was conducted in Ukraine. In total, 35 species of insects reared from mistletoe were identified to belong to 5 orders, 20 families and 34 genera. Twenty-seven identified species were reared from mistletoe for the first time, including 17 species of Hymenoptera, 8 species of Coleoptera and 2 species of Diptera. Our results revealed significant gaps in knowledge about insects associated with mistletoe. This is appeared in the fact that more than 77 % of the insects we reared have never been detected on mistletoe before. It is obviously that 70 % to 90 % of the insects associated with mistletoe remain unknown. We also found a highly probable tripartite link between the European mistletoe, parasitic fungus Sphaeropsis visci and the saproxylic and mycetophagous Coleoptera. The interaction of Coleoptera with S. visci is facultatively mutualistic, and beetles act as vectors to spread spores and mycelium among mistletoes. In addition, we found the mass breading of invasive species Leiopus femoratus on V. album. Hence, V. album might play a crucial role in the mass and rapid invasion of L. femoratus in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The longhorn beetles' fauna of Ukraine has been studied fairly well. Its study began in the second quarter of the 19th century and continues for about 200 years. However, despite this, previously unknown species are regularly found on the territory of Ukraine. First of all, this is due to the very large territory of the country, as well as the high diversity of biomes. In this paper, I presented the records of three previously unknown species of Cerambycidae for Ukraine: Enoploderes sanguineus Faldermann, 1837, Tetrops peterkai Skořepa, 2020 and Neoclytus acuminatus (Fabricius, 1775). In addition, I provided new data on the findings of 82 species that are rare, poor-known or invasive in Ukraine. This allowed to significantly expand the information and supplement the faunal lists for most physiographic regions of Ukraine. I also found eight climate-sensitive species whose ranges have expanded dramatically northward and into the mountains. The most likely explanation for this may be the current global climate change. For two species, I found an expansion of the ranges from east to west, which, however, can be explained by their poor study in Ukraine. At least three alien invasive species and four steppe species of the longhorn beetles have become naturalized in the most of the territory of Ukraine, where they have never been found before. I also presented new records that confirm the presence of Mediterranean species of Cerambycidae in an isolated refugium in the Crimea. Resultantly, 283 species of the longhorn beetles have been reliably registered on the territory of Ukraine to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with features of anxiety following rehabilitation restorative treatment in children with familial deprivation. Convalescent facilities in health center «Pivdennoberezhny», including climato-, balneo-, halo-, phyto-, aromatherapy and massage under the control of clinical blood analysis, ECG, study of respiratory function, WAM and Spielberger psychodiagnostic tests, were effective, what can be assessed by improvement of the results of all studies. The need for continuation of rehabilitation and recovery measures, as well as psychotherapeutic effect, is also practically assured, it is necessary for amelioration and prevention of psychosomatic disorders in children with familial deprivation.