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BACKGROUND: Congenital knee dislocation is a very rare musculoskeletal disease, and it occurs in approximately 1 per 100,000 live births. Many researchers note that the treatment of congenital knee dislocation should begin with conservative methods, during which various complications arise. AIM: This study aimed to compare the clinical and radiological classifications of congenital knee dislocation and show the results of the treatment of this deformation using a Von Rosen splint and plaster corrections. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 58 patients (34 boys and 24 girls) with congenital knee dislocation (83 knee joints). Congenital knee dislocation with arthrogryposis and other systemic pathologies were not included in the study. Before treatment, all patients were assessed for the severity of congenital knee dislocation according to the Tarek and J. Leveuf system. To evaluate the obtained results, nonparametric statistics were used. To search for differences between groups, the KruskalWallis test and the median test were used. To search for correlations, Spearman coefficients were used. Statistica v10 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Clinical and radiological data were compared. In both groups, after conservative treatment, excellent and good results were obtained in nearly 98% and satisfactory in 2%. After conservative therapy, surgical treatment was required in 2 of 37 knee joints with the initial severity of Tarek III deformity. CONCLUSIONS: The severity of the deformity according to the Tarek system makes it possible to predict the effectiveness of the conservative treatment of congenital knee dislocation at a statistically significant level.

The article focuses on future problems and on «humanitarian breakthrough»; the relevance of the above is mounting due to the fact that technological breakthrough, which we have witnessed over the past decades, has made a personality neither happier, nor freer, nor has made his life and activity more meaningful. Urgent problems of human development have not been solved because of the technological progress. It is becoming more and more obvious that the further development of planetary civilization can be considered and designed at an interdisciplinary level only, under the conditions of convergence of philosophy, exact, natural sciences, humanitarian disciplines and technology. «Humanitarian breakthrough» means that the natural, exact sciences, engineering disciplines find a source of new meanings and ideas in the humanities, and, thanks to this, they cease to be just a means of achieving someone’s private goals, and begin to create a conceptual, scientific and the philosophical foundation of the new world – this is how the current humanitarian ethos of science can be characterized.

Despite the rapid progress in medicine, today there is no clear protocol for the management of patients with such a rare disease as congenital dislocation of the knee (CDK). Analysis of the data shows that in the main percentage of cases, after ineffective conservative treatment, patients undergo late surgical intervention, which entails great number of complications and does not improve outcomes. This trend is associated with the lack of strict time limits for the start of medical care due to the lack of guidelines regulating the work. Aim of the study was study modern approaches to conservative and surgical treatment of patients with congenital dislocation of the knee based on a systematic analysis of the literature. Systematic analysis of literature sources on databases PubMed, Scopus, eLibrary, CyberLeninka, bibliography of key articles. Preparing the preliminary plan of correction and early initiation of treatment of congenital dislocation of the knee significantly increases the rate of positive outcomes of this disease. It is worth noting that using a less invasive approach to initiating treatment of congenital dislocation of the knee avoids a number of complications. Based not only on the classification of the stage of the severity, but also on the degree of contracture of the quadriceps muscle, it is possible to determine the possibilities of restoring the work of the joint, which proves the need to improve the knowledge gained. There is a need to organize the provision of medical care to patients with congenital dislocation of the knee on the basis of improved classifications that correspond to modern ideas about the outcomes of orthopedic treatment in patients with CDK.

Background. Congenital knee dislocation is a rare disease of the musculoskeletal system (1 in 100,000 live births). In the literature, few studies have described the anatomical changes characteristic of this pathology, which are only revealed during surgical treatment. Aim. This study aimed to evaluate the pathomorphological features of the ligamentousarticular apparatus and thigh muscles with congenital knee dislocation on autopsy material. Materials and methods. The study included two fetuses with bilateral congenital knee dislocation after spontaneous miscarriage at 18 and 20 weeks of gestation and one stillborn fetus with bilateral congenital knee dislocation at 29 weeks of gestation. The comparison group was composed of two fetuses after spontaneous miscarriages at 18 and 20 weeks of gestation and one stillborn fetus at 25 weeks of gestation without anomalies of the lower extremities. Results. Various abnormalities and displacements of the anatomical structures, as well as degenerative dystrophic changes in the soft tissues during histological examination, were found. Pathomorphological changes in the control group were not detected. Conclusion. Pathomorphological changes are the main manifestations of congenital knee dislocation in the studied fetuses.

The article analyzes a set of medicinal-plant species in arid and semiarid biomes of Russia. The species diversity of medicinal plants in general, as well as those used to treat diseases of various classes, is determined. A statistical analysis of the relationships between the number of species of medicinal plants in regional biomes and climatic indices is carried out; the corresponding thematic schematic maps are constructed and analyzed. It is shown that the number of medicinal-plant species is related to the total biome species number. This, in turn, is determined by the geographic location, which determines the average annual temperature and precipitation in the regions. The closest established relationship was between the number of medicinal-plant species and the average annual air temperatures. A relatively high relationship was found between the species number and the average annual precipitation. In the analysis of the relationship between the number of medicinal-plant species used to treat certain classes of diseases and the climatic factors, the picture turned out to be similar.

Backgrоund. Congenital clubfoot or congenital equino-cava-varus deformity of the feet is one of the most common pathologies of the musculoskeletal system in children. Numerous articles in global literature have been published about changes in clubfoot severity during treatment; however, there are very few reports on how the severity of foot deformities with congenital clubfoot changes during the first week of life in the absence of deformity correction. Aim. To analyze changes in the severity of congenital clubfoot in the first week of life without any treatment. Materials and methods. The study group included 28 newborns with idiopathic congenital clubfoot (a total of 40 feet). The severity of clubfoot was evaluated on days one and seven after birth using the Dimeglio and Pirani scores. Results. During the initial examination of the newborns on the first day of life, the clubfoot severity recorded on the Pirani score was between 2 to 3 points and between 9 to 15 points on the Dimeglio score. Thus, in the first seven days of life in all patients who did not receive treatment, there was a significant increase in the severity of the equino-cava-varus deformity of the feet (p 0.05). The results of this study confirm that the severity of congenital clubfoot increases in the first week of life. This necessitates the beginning of the correction of severe idiopathic clubfoot in the first days after birth. Conclusions. The severity of congenital clubfoot during the first week of life significantly increased in all feet studied (p 0.05: 2 higher than in the table). If left untreated in the first week after birth, the equinus deformity progresses followed by varus deformity, anterior forefoot reduction, and, to a lesser extent, rotation.

Introduction. Jacobsen syndrome, characterized by multiple developmental anomalies, is a rare genetic syndrome caused by a partial deletion of the long arm of the 11th chromosome. The incidence is 1 : 100,000 live births. Patients of this group have malformations of the heart, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, and skeleton. The severity of clinical features is diverse. Jacobsen syndrome rarely combines with a congenital clubfoot. Case report. The clinical case of using the Ponseti method for the treatment of congenital clubfoot in combination with Jacobsen syndrome is presented. As a result, a complete primary correction of the foot was obtained, which did not relapse within 2 years. Discussion. Only brief references to this pathology were found in the literature. In the case of our patient, a greater number of gypsum dressings were required to complete the primary correction of the foot. Conclusion. Painless foot has been achieved, which has a full range of motion, which confirms the success of the application of the Ponseti method for the treatment of non-idiopathic congenital clubfoot and the need for using it as a starting method.

The historical changes in animal distribution in the European territory of Russia have always attracted the interest of specialists. Therefore, the data contained in the Economic Notes to the General Land Survey of the Russian Empire at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries is of great importance. This article presents the results of the analysis of data on the mammalian fauna of the southern provinces of European Russia sampled from the Economic Notes. The sample covers 15 governorates (guberniya), 102 uezds (a secondary level administrative division), and 1150 land holdings (dachas). There were 2395 references made to mammals, including 22 presumptive name references comprising 25 species, 11 families, and 5 orders. Based on the available data on historical changes in the ecological condition within this territory, a comparison with the current situation was made for those species that are the most significant and common in the study area.

The analysis of the literature data and herbarium samples showed that currently 8 species of the Bryoria genus are found in the territory of the region. The most common species are Bryoria fuscescens and B. capillaries, the rarer one is B. implexa. All species tend to the Western, North-Western and Northern areas, dominated by spruce forests. The disappearance of some species from previously mentioned habitats was noted, maps distribution of Bryoria species in Moscow region are presented as well as the key to their identification.

After the publication of the second edition of the Red Book of Moscow region (2008), work on the monitoring of Ramalina species listed in the Red Book continued, as well as the search for new locations of these species, and the identification of species of this genus, rarely found in the region. The analysis of the obtained data allowed to estimate modern distribution of Ramalina species on the territory of the region, their coinciding with certain types of plant communities, substrate and to identify the most rare species of the genus. The Mapinfo program contains a database and maps of all Ramalina species findings. The key for identification of Ramalina species in Moscow region is given.

An ecological and geographical analysis of the distribution of poisonous plants in the regional biomes of Russia and the effect of arid conditions on it are presented. On the territory of Russia, 82 of the most toxic species of vascular plants (belonging to 34 families) were identified; of them, 55 were poisonous species of the genus Aconitum. Cartographic analysis demonstrated that the smallest number of poisonous plant species (excluding species of the genus Aconitum) is confined to the plain biomes of the forest-tundra and tundra, and the largest number of such species grows in lowland steppe biomes. In the lowland desert biome and in some mountain biomes, the number of poisonous plant species is also significant but is slightly lower than in the steppe biomes. The maximal number of species of the genus Aconitum was detected in the mountainous Far Eastern biomes. Correlation analysis of the relationship between the number of plant species and climatic factors revealed the maximal correlation between the total number of poisonous plant species (excluding species of the genus Aconitum) with the average annual air temperature.

Background. Congenital dislocation of the knee (CDK) is a rare abnormality of the musculoskeletal system, with an incidence of 1 per 100,000 liveborn infants. Timely prenatal diagnostics and treatment during the initial days of life can help avoid the development of disabilities in a child. Aim of the study. We aimed to study the possible prenatal ultrasound diagnostics and to assess the efficacy of early orthopedic alignment using conservative methods of treatment. Materials and methods. From January 1988 to February 2016, 37 newborns (50 lower limbs) with CDK were treated. The initial assessment of the affected limbs was performed immediately after birth. To determine the severity of dislocation, the Seringe and Tarek classifications were used. Conservative treatment was performed for all the patients. The age of pediatric patients at the time of treatment onset ranged from 2 hours to 5 days. Various methods were used, such as stage plaster bandages (10 lower limbs) and correction using the von Rosen splint (8 lower limbs). Since 2003, a single treatment protocol, developed by the authors of this study, has been applied. Results. The prenatal ultrasound screening enabled the detection of CDK before birth in 21% of cases. Long-term results (catamnesis from 3 to 28 years) were evaluated by the Seringe scale and were excellent in 60%, good in 32%, and satisfactory in 8% of cases. Bad results were not registered. All the pediatric patients included in the study began to walk independently at the age of 9–18 months. Conclusion. Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis enables the detection of CDK. Treatment of newborns, started in the first hours of life, according to the protocol developed by the authors, enables the alignment of the dislocated lower leg in a short time, without using prolonged stage plaster bandages. Long-term results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed methodology.

Allergenic diseases became very widespread during the last decades in industrialized countries. One of the main causes of allergy is plants pollen. Pollinosis is the disease of every fourth person of the Earth. In this paper we present some approaches to the studying of allergenic plants distribution on the territory of Russia and Kazakhstan. The following methods were applied to the analysis of allergenic plants distribution: Cartographic analysis of allergenic plants species per administrative unit of the country, calculation of allergenic danger and cartographic analysis of “allergenic index”;  Analysis of “hazard indicator” calculated for the population of each administrative unit;  Calculation of the routes of pollen flight in accordance with the wind rose in the cities;  Evaluation of allergenic introduced plants impact on public health;  Evaluation of morphological composition of pollen and its role in allergenic reaction. In conclusion we give some recommendations for lowering of danger of allergenic reaction.

This chapter provides a brief characterization of the groups of animal hosts and vectors that carry natural focal disease from the perspective of their roles in the formation and function of natural foci. The distribution of the most important epidemiologically significant mammals, birds and fish, as well as bloodsucking insects and ticks is examined and illustrated with a series of maps. The maps were compiled based on materials collected by the authors and are the result of long-term studies in various regions of Russia, as well as the analysis of a substantial amount of literary data and archival material. The animals’ ranges are given by individual taxonomic unite (class, order, etc.) and are represented in accordance with traditional methods of small-scale zoogeographical cartography. The textual commentary illuminated the role of each species in the formation and function of natural foci and their association with specific landscapes.

Magnetoelectric turbo-generators with direct drive from a turbine which rotor speed reaches several hundreds thousands rpm are widely used in microturbine power plants. Due to the action of centrifugal forces, the permanent magnets of the rotors endure considerable mechanical stresses. In most cases, brittle rare-earth permanent magnets are used in microturbines. To ensure the mechanical stress of high-speed rotors a bandage of high-strength non-magnetic materials is installed on permanent magnets with tension. This reduces the magnetic flux in the gap of the electrical machines. The paper presents the results of the development of high-speed rotors with permanent magnets using a welded combined bandage having nonmagnetic and ferromagnetic regions.

International audience; A short introduction to coding theory for computer science students

Currently, one of the directions of electromechanical systems progress is the development of on the base of electric machines with ultra-high rotational speed (100000 and more rpm). The operating parts of these aggregates are turbine and/or compressor impellers, located on the same shaft (ie, without mechanical gear) with the inductor of the electric machine, so that these devices can be called “electrical turbo machines” (ETM). Such machines are the basis of prospective power stations with power from 1 to 400 kW for efficient low-pressure oil-free centrifugal compressors and blowers, vacuum pumps, refrigeration units, turbine generators and other devices. In this paper a number of specific problems of ultra-high speed ETM creation are described. Selection of the bearings type and selection of the electric machine type are provided. Influence of rectifier connection scheme on power losses in the machine is evaluated.

The steppe marmot disappeared from the modern Penza region at the end of the 19th century. The history of the disappearance of the marmot and the results of its reintroduction in 1985–1989 are considered in the article. The characteristics of the modern state of the marmot settlements that formed as a result of the reintroduction are given.

An ellipsometric method is used to study the dispersion of the real ɛ 1(ω) and imaginary ɛ 2(ω) parts of the complex dielectric permittivity of single-crystal La1−x SrxMnO3 (x=0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) for energies from 100 meV to 5 eV at room temperature. It is found that, when lanthanum is replaced by strontium, the optical spectrum changes fundamentally. A shift in the main features of the spectrum of initial LaMnO3 at 1.9 and 4.7 eV to lower energies takes place, as well as a partial redistribution of the optical-conductivity spectral weight in the band gap region E

The method of inelastic neutron scattering has been used to measure the frequencies of the transverse branch of phonons in Ir in the (001) and (110) directions. The results obtained are used to fit the interatomic interaction potential φ(r) for Ir, which describes with high accuracy the Ir lattice properties, including energy characteristics of point defects. The analogous potential is plotted for Rh. Specific features of φ(r) in Ir and Rh are discussed; in particular, “rigidity” at small distances and weakly pronounced Friedel oscillations. Elastic properties, phonon spectra, the formation energies of vacancies, interstitial atoms, and stacking faults, as well as the migration energies of vacancies, and interstitial atoms in Ir and Rh, are calculated.

The main subject of the paper is everywhere complex sequences. An everywhere complex sequence is a sequence that does not contain substrings of Kolmogorov complexity less than $\alpha n-O(1)$ where $n$ is the length of the substring and $\alpha$ is a constant between $0$ and~$1$. First, we prove that no randomized algorithm can produce an everywhere complex sequence with positive probability. On the other hand, for weaker notions of everywhere complex sequences the situation is different. For example, there is a probabilistic algorithm that produces (with probability~$1$) sequences whose substrings of length $n$ have complexity $\sqrt{n}-O(1)$. Finally, one may replace the complexity of a substring (in the definition of everywhere complex sequences) by its conditional complexity when the position is given. This gives a stronger notion of everywhere complex sequence, and no randomized algorithm can produce (with positive probability) such a sequence even if $\alpha n$ is replaced by $\sqrt{n}$, $\log^* n $ or any other monotone unbounded computable function.