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According to the principle of Euler similarity between laboratory and astrophysical plasmas, laboratory plasmas driven by high-power lasers have been used to simulate some aspects of astrophysical phenomena. And in doing so, they aid our understanding of shock heating, interaction structures, and the consequential evolution for astrophysical outflows within a short timescale (∼ns). In this work, we experimentally investigated the mechanism of X-ray emission originating from a hot outflow (plasma) with a velocity of around 330 km s−1, impinging on a cold medium. A hybrid model was set up to understand the high-resolution X-ray spectra taken at the interaction region and to deduce that charge exchange takes place in such a laboratory miniature of astrophysical outflow interacting with dense molecular clouds, as in the cases of HH 248 and Cap in M82, for example. Effects from targets with multiple electrons are also explored. A brief analysis has been performed for our laboratory analog and astrophysical objects by a dimensionless ratio of the length scale between X-ray-emitting and charge-exchange regions.

Scar contracture after burn on the back of hand can easily lead to the limitation of flexion function of fingers, which seriously affects daily life activities. Generally, comprehensive rehabilitation treatment is adopted for scar contracture on the back of hand, among which wearing braces is an effective treatment method. However, some braces will limit the normal finger joints or must wait until all the affected fingers heal before they can be worn, and the wearing operation is quite complicated. In order to solve these problems, the author designed and made a finger flexion band, which was used to stretch the patients with limited flexion of finger caused by scar contracture after burn on the back of hand, and achieved good therapeutic effect. According to the measured hand size, the finger flexion band is cut and spliced from the fabric commonly used in daily life. The finger flexion band is designed with finger sleeve, which will not limit the normal finger joints, can interfere with the healed finger in advance, fix the corresponding fingers better, and improve the treatment comfort, especially for children who do not cooperate with the braces wearing. This finger flexion band is simple to make, cheap, convenient to use, and suitable for clinical promotion.手背烧伤后瘢痕挛缩易导致手指屈曲功能受限，严重影响日常生活活动。手背部瘢痕挛缩一般采取综合康复治疗手段，其中佩戴支具是一种行之有效的治疗方法，但部分支具会制动正常的手指关节或必须等所有患指愈合后才能佩戴且佩戴操作比较复杂。针对这些问题，笔者自行设计制作了一种分指屈指带，对手背烧伤瘢痕挛缩致屈指受限的患者进行牵伸治疗，取得了较好的治疗效果。该分指屈指带根据测量的手部相应尺寸，裁剪拼接日常常用布料制作而成；采用分指式套筒设计，不会制动正常的手指关节，可提前干预愈合的患指，能更好地固定相应手指，且可以提高治疗舒适度，尤其适用于不配合支具佩戴的患儿。该分指屈指带制作简单、价格低廉、使用方便，适合临床推广。.

The change and fixation of dressing are difficult in patients with burn in special sites of perineum, buttocks, and bilateral thighs. Therefore, we designed and made stretch pants by ourselves for dressing fixation after dressing change in patients with burns in abdomen, buttocks, and bilateral thighs. The stretch pants are made by cutting and splicing elastic fabric according to perimeters of abdomen and legs. The stretch pants are used after wound dressing change, which can fix the dressing stably, accelerate wound healing, and reduce the medical workers' labor intensity of dressing change and economic burden of patients. And patients can walk out of bed early. It's especially suitable for dressing fixation of infants and other patients who are unwilling to cooperate. Besides, it's easy to make with low cost and suitable for clinical promotion.会阴、臀、大腿等特殊部位的烧伤换药难度大、敷料不易固定，故笔者自行设计、制作弹力"品"字裤用于腹部、臀部和双侧大腿烧伤患者换药后敷料的固定。根据患者腹部及双大腿围径进行弹力布裁剪并拼接，制成弹力"品"字裤。该"品"字裤于患者创面换药后应用，可使敷料固定更稳，加速创面愈合，从而减轻医护人员的换药劳动强度，减轻患者的经济负担，患者可早日下床行走，尤其适合婴幼儿及不配合者的创面敷料固定，且制作简单、价格低廉，适合临床推广。.

To explore hormone such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing (LH), prolactin (PRL), estradiol (E2), progesterone (PROG) and testosterone (TESTO) levels in first-episode drug-free schizophrenics, and the relationship between clinical symptoms and sex hormones, in order to further study the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.Eighty-one first-episode drug-free schizophrenics including thirty-nine male and forty-two female from First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and seventy healthy subjects (thirty male and forty female) were enrolled.Serum levels of hormone were measured using electrical chemiluminescence immunoassay, and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate the mental symptoms and Matrics Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was used to evaluate cognitive function.(1) The serum levels of PRL in male patients group ((24±9) ng/ml) was higher than that of control group ((10±3) ng/ml) (P0.05), the serum levels of E2, TESTO of male patients group ((29±10) ng/ml), ((3.2±1.7) ng/ml) was lower than that of control group ((35±11) ng/ml), ((4.4±1.6) ng/ml) (P0.05); The serum levels of PRL, TESTO of female patients group ((29±16) ng/ml), ((0.5±0.4) ng/ml) were dramatically higher than that of control group ((13±5) ng/ml), ((0.3±0.1) ng/ml) (P0.05), the serum levels of E2 of female patients group ((51±40) ng/ml) was lower than that of control group ((63±66) ng/ml) (P=0.05). (2) The serum levels of PRL, E2, TESTO in male patients group were negatively associated with negative symptoms (r=-0.478,-0.443,-0.576, P0.05), PRL were negatively related to positive symptoms (r=-0.542, P0.05); In female patients group, the serum levels of PRL were negatively associated with negative symptoms (r=-0.343, P0.05), the serum levels of E2 was negatively related to positive symptoms, general psychopathology grade, total PANSS grade (r=-0.351,-0.487,-0.405, P0.05), TESTO had a positive correlation with positive symptoms (r=0.445, P0.05). (3) In male patients group, PRL had an negative correlation with working memory P point, reasoning and problem solving P points (r=-0.384,-0.374, P0.05), the serum levels of E2 was positively related to Information processing rate P points, Visual memory P points, Reasoning and problem solving P points (r=0.379, 0.336, 0.407, P0.05), TESTO had a positive correlation with Information processing rate P points, Visual memory P points, Reasoning and problem solving P points (r=0.564, 0.513, 0.552, P0.05). In female patients group, PRL had an negative correlation with working memory P point, Reasoning and problem solving P points and social cognition P points (r=-0.303,-0.358,-0.368, P0.05), the serum levels of E2 was positively related to working memory, Reasoning and problem solving P points, social cognition P points (r=0.376, 0.453, 0.355, P0.05).Our study shows that first-episode drug-free schizophrenics have hormone secretion abnormal, which suggests that hypothalamus-hypophysis-gonad axis may probably involve in physiopathologic mechanism of first-episode medicine-free schizophrenics.Slightly elevated serum PRL level may be the reaction of stress response in first-episode medicine-free schizophrenics.Endogenous testosterone and estradiol may protect cognitive function against recession, and declining of testosterone and estradiol in blood is the hazards of cognitive dysfunction in first-episode drug-free male schizophrenics. PRL, E2, TESTO may be one of the measurements of the severity of clinical symptoms.

Plasma shielding in collinear double-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy was characterized in terms of its time-resolved absorptivity, photographic images, and emission spectra. In experiments performed with the double pulse beam configuration, one to generate plasma and another a probe beam, the transmission of the probe beam was measured at various inter-pulse delay times up to 1500 ns as the plasma opacity evolves rapidly with time. Photographic images obtained at the same time delay indicate that the plasma absorptivity becomes weaker as plasma evolves. At times up to 500 ns after plasma initiation, plasma absorptivity rose above 70% but later decreased markedly. When viewing the transmission and photographic images, the beam-plasma interaction realized with the double-pulse configuration is explainable as laser-supported absorption waves. To clarify the phenomenon and plasma properties when the probe beam and plasma are coupled, Stark broadening was used to obtain the electron number density, which is of the order of 1018 cm−3. Also, emission spectra under single- and double-pulse experimental configuration were obtained and analyzed using the Boltzmann-plot method to provide the plasma temperatures. The intensities from the double-pulse experiments were slightly stronger, in agreement with the laser energy absorption data. Moreover, from emission signal enhancements obtained from the double-pulse experiments, the increase in the intensity of the ionic emission was more than that obtained from the atomic emission for which a larger fraction of the probe beam energy was absorbed.

The nanosized tremella-like NiO was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method at low temperature. A novelty modified (CH3)4N)2S/((CH3)4N)2Sn electrolyte was introduced in solar cell successfully and NiS as the counter electrode. Moreover, PbS sensitized p-type NiO was synthesized by chemical bath deposition (CBD) in an precursor solution to ensure the nanosized tremella-like NiO films obtain a better uniformity and high penetration. At the same time, a series of comparative experiments were designed for studying the influence of mesoporous NiO film thickness on the photoelectron characteristic of the cells. The result indicated that when there were three layers of screen printing and the thickness of NiO film was approximately 3 pm, the maximum power conversion efficiency of 0.87% was achieved, with 512 mV of Voc, 0.33% of ff and 5.14 mA cm-2 of Jsc.