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1. Tilt-to-length coupling in LISA Pathfinder: long-term stability

Author: Armano, M, Audley, H, Baird, J, Binetruy, P, Born, M, Bortoluzzi, D, Castelli, E, Cavalleri, A, Cesarini, A, Cruise, A M, Danzmann, K, Silva, M de Deus, Diepholz, I, Dixon, G, Dolesi, R, Ferraioli, L, Ferroni, V, Fitzsimons, E D, Freschi, M, Gesa, L, Giardini, D, Gibert, F, Giusteri, R, Grimani, C, Grzymisch, J, Harrison, I, Hartig, M-S, Heinzel, G, Hewitson, M, Hollington, D, Hoyland, D, Hueller, M, Inchauspé, H, Jennrich, O, Jetzer, P, Johann, U, Johlander, B, Karnesis, N, Kaune, B, Killow, C J, Korsakova, N, Lobo, J A, López-Zaragoza, J P, Maarschalkerweerd, R, Mance, D, Martín, V, Martin-Polo, L, Martin-Porqueras, F, Martino, J, McNamara, P W, Mendes, J, Mendes, L, Meshksar, N, Nofrarias, M, Paczkowski, S, Perreur-Lloyd, M, Petiteau, A, Plagnol, E, Ramos-Castro, J, Reiche, J, Rivas, F, Robertson, D I, Russano, G, Sanjuan, J, Slutsky, J, Sopuerta, C F, Sumner, T, Texier, D, Thorpe, J I, Vetrugno, D, Vitale, S, Wanner, G, Ward, H, Wass, P J, Weber, W J, Wissel, L, Wittchen, A, and Zweifel, P
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The tilt-to-length coupling during the LISA Pathfinder mission has been numerically and analytically modeled for particular timespans. In this work, we investigate the long-term stability of the coupling coefficients of this noise. We show that they drifted slowly (by 1\,$\mu$m/rad and 6$\times10^{-6}$ in 100 days) and strongly correlated to temperature changes within the satellite (8\,$\mu$m/rad/K and 30$\times10^{-6}$/K). Based on analytical TTL coupling models, we attribute the temperature-driven coupling changes to rotations of the test masses and small distortions in the optical setup. Particularly, we show that LISA Pathfinder's optical baseplate was bent during the cooldown experiment, which started in late 2016 and lasted several months.
Published: 2024
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2. Precision measurements of the magnetic parameters of LISA Pathfinder test masses

Author: Armano, M, Audley, H, Baird, J, Binetruy, P, Born, M, Bortoluzzi, D, Castelli, E, Cavalleri, A, Cesarini, A, Cruise, A M, Danzmann, K, Silva, M De Deus, Diepholz, I, Dixon, G, Dolesi, R, Ferraioli, L, Ferroni, V, Fitzsimons, E D, Freschi, M, Gesa, L, Giardini, D, Gibert, F, Giusteri, R, Grimani, C, Grzymisch, J, Harrison, I, Hartig, M S, Heinzel, G, Hewitson, M, Hollington, D, Hoyland, D, Hueller, M, Inchauspé, H, Jennrich, O, Jetzer, P, Karnesis, N, Kaune, B, Korsakova, N, Killow, C J, Liu, L, Lobo, J A, López-Zaragoza, J P, Maarschalkerweerd, R, Mance, D, Martín, V, Martino, J, Martin-Polo, L, Martin-Porqueras, F, McNamara, P W, Mendes, J, Mendes, L, Meshksar, N, Nofrarias, M, Paczkowski, S, Perreur-Lloyd, M, Petiteau, A, Pivato, P, Plagnol, E, Ramos-Castro, J, Reiche, J, Rivas, F, Robertson, D I, Russano, G, Serrano, D, Slutsky, J, Sopuerta, C F, Sumner, T, Texier, D, Thorpe, J I, Vetrugno, D, Vitale, S, Wanner, G, Ward, H, Wass, P, Weber, W J, Wissel, L, Wittchen, A, and Zweifel, P
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: A precise characterization of the magnetic properties of LISA Pathfinder free falling test-masses is of special interest for future gravitational wave observatory in space. Magnetic forces have an important impact on the instrument sensitivity in the low frequency regime below the millihertz. In this paper we report on the magnetic injection experiments performed throughout LISA Pathfinder operations. We show how these experiments allowed a high precision estimate of the instrument magnetic parameters. The remanent magnetic moment was found to have a modulus of $(0.245\pm0.081)\,\rm{nAm}^2$, the x-component of the background magnetic field within the test masses position was measured to be $(414 \pm 74)$ nT and its gradient had a value of $(-7.4\pm 2.1)\,\mu$T/m. Finally, we also measured the test mass magnetic susceptibility to be $(-3.35\pm0.15)\times$10$^{-5}$ in the low frequency regime. All results are in agreement with on-ground estimates.
Published: 2024

3. Magnetic-induced force noise in LISA Pathfinder free-falling test masses

Author: Armano, M, Audley, H, Baird, J, Binetruy, P, Born, M, Bortoluzzi, D, Castelli, E, Cavalleri, A, Cesarini, A, Cruise, A M, Danzmann, K, Silva, M De Deus, Diepholz, I, Dixon, G, Dolesi, R, Ferraioli, L, Ferroni, V, Fitzsimons, E D, Freschi, M, Gesa, L, Giardini, D, Gibert, F, Giusteri, R, Grimani, C, Grzymisch, J, Harrison, I, Hartig, M S, Heinzel, G, Hewitson, M, Hollington, D, Hoyland, D, Hueller, M, Inchauspé, H, Jennrich, O, Jetzer, P, Karnesis, N, Kaune, B, Korsakova, N, Killow, C J, Liu, L, Lobo, J A, López-Zaragoza, J P, Maarschalkerweerd, R, Mance, D, Martín, V, Martino, J, Martin-Polo, L, Martin-Porqueras, F, McNamara, P W, Mendes, J, Mendes, L, Meshksar, N, Nofrarias, M, Paczkowski, S, Perreur-Lloyd, M, Petiteau, A, Pivato, P, Plagnol, E, Ramos-Castro, J, Reiche, J, Rivas, F, Robertson, D I, Russano, G, Serrano, D, Slutsky, J, Sopuerta, C F, Sumner, T, Texier, D, Thorpe, J I, Vetrugno, D, Vitale, S, Wanner, G, Ward, H, Wass, P, Weber, W J, Wissel, L, Wittchen, A, and Zweifel, P
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: LISA Pathfinder was a mission designed to test key technologies required for gravitational wave detection in space. Magnetically driven forces play a key role in the instrument sensitivity in the low-frequency regime, which corresponds to the measurement band of interest for future space-borne gravitational wave observatories. Magnetic-induced forces couple to the test mass motion, introducing a contribution to the relative acceleration noise between the free falling test masses. In this Letter we present the first complete estimate of this term of the instrument performance model. Our results set the magnetic-induced acceleration noise during the February 2017 noise run of $\rm 0.25_{-0.08}^{+0.15}\,fm\,s^{-2}/\sqrt{Hz}$ at 1 mHz and $\rm 1.01_{-0.24}^{+0.73}\, fm\,s^{-2}/\sqrt{Hz}$ at 0.1 mHz. We also discuss how the non-stationarities of the interplanetary magnetic field can affect these values during extreme space weather conditions.
Published: 2024

4. In-depth analysis of LISA Pathfinder performance results: Time evolution, noise projection, physical models, and implications for LISA

Author: Armano, M., Audley, H., Baird, J., Binetruy, P., Born, M., Bortoluzzi, D., Castelli, E., Cavalleri, A., Cesarini, A., Chiavegato, V., Cruise, A. M., Bosco, D. Dal, Danzmann, K., Silva, M. De Deus, Diepholz, I., Dixon, G., Dolesi, R., Ferraioli, L., Ferroni, V., Fitzsimons, E. D., Freschi, M., Gesa, L., Giardini, D., Gibert, F., Giusteri, R., Grimani, C., Grzymisch, J., Harrison, I., Hartig, M. S., Heinzel, G., Hewitson, M., Hollington, D., Hoyland, D., Hueller, M., Inchauspé, H., Jennrich, O., Jetzer, P., Johlander, B., Karnesis, N., Kaune, B., Korsakova, N., Killow, C. J., Lobo, J. A., Lopez-Zaragoza, J. P., Maarschalkerweerd, R., Mance, D., Martın, V., Martin-Polo, L., Martin-Porqueras, F., Martino, J., McNamara, P. W., Mendes, J., Mendes, L., Meshksar, N., Nofrarias, M., Paczkowski, S., Perreur-Lloyd, M., Petiteau, A., Plagnol, E., Ramos-Castro, J., Reiche, J., Rivas, F., Robertson, D. I., Russano, G., Sala, L., Slutsky, J., Sopuerta, C. F., Sumner, T., Texier, D., Thorpe, J. I., Vetrugno, D., Vitale, S., Wanner, G., Ward, H., Wass, P., Weber, W. J., Wissel, L., Wittchen, A., Zanoni, C., and Zweifel, P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: We present an in-depth analysis of the LISA Pathfinder differential acceleration performance over the entire course of its science operations, spanning approximately 500 days. We find that: 1) the evolution of the Brownian noise that dominates the acceleration amplitude spectral density (ASD), for frequencies $f\gtrsim 1\,\text{mHz}$, is consistent with the decaying pressure due to the outgassing of a single gaseous species. 2) between $f=36\,\mu\text{Hz}$ and $1\,\text{mHz}$, the acceleration ASD shows a $1/f$ tail in excess of the Brownian noise of almost constant amplitude, with $\simeq 20\%$ fluctuations over a period of a few days, with no particular time pattern over the course of the mission; 3) at the lowest considered frequency of $f=18\,\mu\text{Hz}$, the ASD significantly deviates from the $1/f$ behavior, because of temperature fluctuations that appear to modulate a quasi-static pressure gradient, sustained by the asymmetries of the outgassing pattern. We also present the results of a projection of the observed acceleration noise on the potential sources for which we had either a direct correlation measurement, or a quantitative estimate from dedicated experiments. These sources account for approximately $40\%$ of the noise power in the $1/f$ tail. Finally, we analyze the possible sources of the remaining unexplained fraction, and identify the possible measures that may be taken to keep those under control in LISA.
Published: 2024
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5. NanoNewton electrostatic force actuators for femtoNewton-sensitive measurements: system performance test in the LISA Pathfinder mission

Author: Armano, M, Audley, H, Baird, J, Bassan, M, Binetruy, P, Born, M, Bortoluzzi, D, Castelli, E, Cavalleri, A, Cesarini, A, Chiavegato, V, Cruise, A M, Bosco, D Dal, Danzmann, K, Silva, M De Deus, De Rosa, R, Di Fiore, L, Diepholz, I, Dixon, G, Dolesi, R, Ferroni, L Ferraioli V, Fitzsimons, E D, Freschi, M, Gesa, L, Giardini, D, Gibert, F, Giusteri, R, Grado, A, Grimani, C, Grzymisch, J, Harrison, I, Hartig, M S, Heinzel, G, Hewitson, M, Hollington, D, Hoyland, D, Hueller, M, Inchauspé, H, Jennrich, O, Jetzer, P, Johlander, B, Karnesis, N, Kaune, B, Korsakova, N, Killow, C J, Liu, L, Lobo, J A, López-Zaragoza, J P, Maarschalkerweerd, R, Mance, D, Martín, V, Martin-Polo, L, Martin-Porqueras, F, Martino, J, McNamara, P W, Mendes, J, Mendes, L, Meshksar, N, Moerschell, J, Nofrarias, M, Paczkowski, S, Perreur-Lloyd, M, Petiteau, A, Plagnol, E, Praplan, C, Ramos-Castro, J, Reiche, J, Rivas, F, Robertson, D I, Russano, G, Sala, L, Sarra, P, Schule-Walewski, S L, Slutsky, J, Sopuerta, C F, Stanga, R, Sumner, T, Pierick, J ten, Texier, D, Thorpe, J I, Vetrugno, D, Vitale, S, Wanner, G, Ward, H, Wass, P, Weber, W J, Wissel, L, Wittchen, A, Zanoni, C, and Zweifel, P
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: Electrostatic force actuation is a key component of the system of geodesic reference test masses (TM) for the LISA orbiting gravitational wave observatory and in particular for performance at low frequencies, below 1 mHz, where the observatory sensitivity is limited by stray force noise. The system needs to apply forces of order 10$^{-9}$ N while limiting fluctuations in the measurement band to levels approaching 10$^{-15}$ N/Hz$^{1/2}$. We present here the LISA actuation system design, based on audio-frequency voltage carrier signals, and results of its in-flight performance test with the LISA Pathfinder test mission. In LISA, TM force actuation is used to align the otherwise free-falling TM to the spacecraft-mounted optical metrology system, without any forcing along the critical gravitational wave-sensitive interferometry axes. In LISA Pathfinder, on the other hand, the actuation was used also to stabilize the TM along the critical $x$ axis joining the two TM, with the commanded actuation force entering directly into the mission's main differential acceleration science observable. The mission allowed demonstration of the full compatibility of the electrostatic actuation system with the LISA observatory requirements, including dedicated measurement campaigns to amplify, isolate, and quantify the two main force noise contributions from the actuation system, from actuator gain noise and from low frequency ``in band'' voltage fluctuations. These campaigns have shown actuation force noise to be a relevant, but not dominant, noise source in LISA Pathfinder and have allowed performance projections for the conditions expected in the LISA mission.
Published: 2023

6. Mid- and late-life lifestyle activities as main drivers of general and domain-specific cognitive reserve in individuals with Parkinson’s disease: cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from the LANDSCAPE study

Author: Ophey, Anja, Wirtz, Kathrin, Wolfsgruber, Steffen, Balzer-Geldsetzer, Monika, Berg, Daniela, Hilker-Roggendorf, Rüdiger, Kassubek, Jan, Liepelt-Scarfone, Inga, Becker, Sara, Mollenhauer, Britt, Reetz, Kathrin, Riedel, Oliver, Schulz, Jörg B., Storch, Alexander, Trenkwalder, Claudia, Witt, Karsten, Wittchen, Hans-Ullrich, Dodel, Richard, Roeske, Sandra, and Kalbe, Elke
Published: 2024
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7. Tilt-to-length coupling in LISA Pathfinder: a data analysis

Author: Armano, M, Audley, H, Baird, J, Binetruy, P, Born, M, Bortoluzzi, D, Castelli, E, Cavalleri, A, Cesarini, A, Cruise, A M, Danzmann, K, Silva, M de Deus, Diepholz, I, Dixon, G, Dolesi, R, Ferraioli, L, Ferroni, V, Fitzsimons, E D, Freschi, M, Gesa, L, Giardini, D, Gibert, F, Giusteri, R, Grimani, C, Grzymisch, J, Harrison, I, Hartig, M-S, Heinzel, G, Hewitson, M, Hollington, D, Hoyland, D, Hueller, M, Inchauspé, H, Jennrich, O, Jetzer, P, Johann, U, Johlander, B, Karnesis, N, Kaune, B, Killow, C J, Korsakova, N, Lobo, J A, López-Zaragoza, J P, Maarschalkerweerd, R, Mance, D, Martín, V, Martin-Polo, L, Martin-Porqueras, F, Martino, J, McNamara, P W, Mendes, J, Mendes, L, Meshksar, N, Nofrarias, M, Paczkowski, S, Perreur-Lloyd, M, Petiteau, A, Plagnol, E, Ramos-Castro, J, Reiche, J, Rivas, F, Robertson, D I, Russano, G, Sanjuan, J, Slutsky, J, Sopuerta, C F, Sumner, T, Tevlin, L, Texier, D, Thorpe, J I, Vetrugno, D, Vitale, S, Wanner, G, Ward, H, Wass, P J, Weber, W J, Wissel, L, Wittchen, A, and Zweifel, P
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: We present a study of the tilt-to-length coupling noise during the LISA Pathfinder mission and how it depended on the system's alignment. Tilt-to-length coupling noise is the unwanted coupling of angular and lateral spacecraft or test mass motion into the primary interferometric displacement readout. It was one of the major noise sources in the LISA Pathfinder mission and is likewise expected to be a primary noise source in LISA. We demonstrate here that a recently derived and published analytical model describes the dependency of the LISA Pathfinder tilt-to-length coupling noise on the alignment of the two freely falling test masses. This was verified with the data taken before and after the realignments performed in March (engineering days) and June 2016, and during a two-day experiment in February 2017 (long cross-talk experiment). The latter was performed with the explicit goal of testing the tilt-to-length coupling noise dependency on the test mass alignment. Using the analytical model, we show that all realignments performed during the mission were only partially successful and explain the reasons why. In addition to the analytical model, we computed another physical tilt-to-length coupling model via a minimising routine making use of the long cross-talk experiment data. A similar approach could prove useful for the LISA mission.
Published: 2023
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8. Who did it? How User Agency is influenced by Visual Properties of Generated Images.

Author: Johanna K. Didion, Krzysztof Wolski, Dennis Wittchen, David Coyle, Thomas Leimkühler, and Paul Strohmeier
Published: 2024
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9. Foot Augmentation 101: Design your own Augmented Experiences.

Author: Dennis Wittchen, Nihar Sabnis, Troy Robert Nachtigall, Florian 'Floyd' Mueller, Paul Strohmeier, and Don Samitha Elvitigala
Published: 2024
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10. 3D-Printed Cells for Creating Variable Softness.

Author: Konrad Fabian, Dennis Wittchen, and Paul Strohmeier
Published: 2024
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11. vARitouch: Back of the Finger Device for Adding Variable Compliance to Rigid Objects.

Author: Gabriela Vega, Valentin Martinez-Missir, Dennis Wittchen, Nihar Sabnis, Audrey Girouard, Karen Anne Cochrane, and Paul Strohmeier
Published: 2024
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12. Charging of free-falling test masses in orbit due to cosmic rays: results from LISA Pathfinder

Author: LISA Pathfinder Collaboration, Armano, M., Audley, H., Baird, J., Binetruy, P., Born, M., Bortoluzzi, D., Castelli, E., Cesarini, A. Cavalleri A., Cruise, A. M, Danzmann, K., Silva, M. de Deus, Diepholz, I., Dixon, G., Dolesi, R., Ferraioli, L., Ferroni, V., Fitzsimons, E. D., Freschi, M., Gesa, L., Giardini, D., Gibert, F., Giusteri, R., Grimani, C., Grzymisch, J., Harrison, I., Hartig, M. -S., Heinzel, G., Hewitson, M., Hollington, D., Hoyland, D., Hueller, M., Inchauspé, H., Jennrich, O., Jetzer, P., Karnesis, N., Kaune, B., Killow, C. J., Korsakova, N., Lobo, J. A., López-Zaragoza, J. P., Maarschalkerweerd, R., Mance, D., Martín, V., Martino, J., Martin-Polo, L., Martin-Porqueras, F., McNamara, P. W., Mendes, J., Mendes, L., Meshksar, N., Nofrarias, M., Paczkowski, S., Perreur-Lloyd, M., Petiteau, A., Plagnol, E., Ramos-Castro, J., Reiche, J., Rivas, F., Robertson, D. I., Russano, G., Slutsky, J., Sopuerta, C. F., Sumner, T. J., Texier, D., Thorpe, J. I., Vetrugno, D., Vitale, S., Wanner, G., Ward, H., Wass, P. J., Weber, W. J., Wissel, L., Wittchen, A., and Zweifel, P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: A comprehensive summary of the measurements made to characterize test mass charging due to the space environment during the LISA Pathfinder mission is presented. Measurements of the residual charge of the test mass after release by the grabbing and positioning mechanism, show that the initial charge of the test masses was negative after all releases, leaving the test mass with a potential in the range $-12$ mV to $-512$ mV. Variations in the neutral test mass charging rate between $21.7$ e s$^{-1}$ and $30.7$ e s$^{-1}$ were observed over the course of the 17-month science operations produced by cosmic ray flux changes including a Forbush decrease associated with a small solar energetic particle event. A dependence of the cosmic ray charging rate on the test mass potential between $-30.2$ e s$^{-1}$ V$^{-1}$ and $-40.3$ e s$^{-1}$ V$^{-1}$ was observed and this is attributed to a contribution to charging from low-energy electrons emitted from the gold surfaces of the gravitational reference sensor. Data from the on-board particle detector show a reliable correlation with the charging rate and with other environmental monitors of the cosmic ray flux. This correlation is exploited to extrapolate test mass charging rates to a 20-year period giving useful insight into the expected range of charging rate that may be observed in the LISA mission., Comment: 17 pages, 10 figures
Published: 2022
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13. Analyse diagnostischer Kompetenzen angehender Grundschullehrer*innen mit Studienfach Sachunterricht / Naturwissenschaften

Author: Bolte, Claus, primary, Machts, Nils, additional, Möller, Jens, additional, and Wittchen, Sascha, additional
Published: 2024
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14. Lack of evidence for predictive utility from resting state fMRI data for individual exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapy outcomes: A machine learning study in two large multi-site samples in anxiety disorders

Author: Kevin Hilbert, Joscha Böhnlein, Charlotte Meinke, Alice V. Chavanne, Till Langhammer, Lara Stumpe, Nils Winter, Ramona Leenings, Dirk Adolph, Volker Arolt, Sophie Bischoff, Jan C. Cwik, Jürgen Deckert, Katharina Domschke, Thomas Fydrich, Bettina Gathmann, Alfons O. Hamm, Ingmar Heinig, Martin J. Herrmann, Maike Hollandt, Jürgen Hoyer, Markus Junghöfer, Tilo Kircher, Katja Koelkebeck, Martin Lotze, Jürgen Margraf, Jennifer L.M. Mumm, Peter Neudeck, Paul Pauli, Andre Pittig, Jens Plag, Jan Richter, Isabelle C. Ridderbusch, Winfried Rief, Silvia Schneider, Hanna Schwarzmeier, Fabian R. Seeger, Niklas Siminski, Benjamin Straube, Thomas Straube, Andreas Ströhle, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Adrian Wroblewski, Yunbo Yang, Kati Roesmann, Elisabeth J. Leehr, Udo Dannlowski, and Ulrike Lueken
Subjects: Outcome prediction, Precision psychotherapy, Machine learning, Anxiety disorders, Cognitive behavioral therapy, Resting state, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: Data-based predictions of individual Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) treatment response are a fundamental step towards precision medicine. Past studies demonstrated only moderate prediction accuracy (i.e. ability to discriminate between responders and non-responders of a given treatment) when using clinical routine data such as demographic and questionnaire data, while neuroimaging data achieved superior prediction accuracy. However, these studies may be considerably biased due to very limited sample sizes and bias-prone methodology. Adequately powered and cross-validated samples are a prerequisite to evaluate predictive performance and to identify the most promising predictors. We therefore analyzed resting state functional magnet resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data from two large clinical trials to test whether functional neuroimaging data continues to provide good prediction accuracy in much larger samples. Data came from two distinct German multicenter studies on exposure-based CBT for anxiety disorders, the Protect-AD and SpiderVR studies. We separately and independently preprocessed baseline rs-fMRI data from n = 220 patients (Protect-AD) and n = 190 patients (SpiderVR) and extracted a variety of features, including ROI-to-ROI and edge-functional connectivity, sliding-windows, and graph measures. Including these features in sophisticated machine learning pipelines, we found that predictions of individual outcomes never significantly differed from chance level, even when conducting a range of exploratory post-hoc analyses. Moreover, resting state data never provided prediction accuracy beyond the sociodemographic and clinical data. The analyses were independent of each other in terms of selecting methods to process resting state data for prediction input as well as in the used parameters of the machine learning pipelines, corroborating the external validity of the results. These similar findings in two independent studies, analyzed separately, urge caution regarding the interpretation of promising prediction results based on neuroimaging data from small samples and emphasizes that some of the prediction accuracies from previous studies may result from overestimation due to homogeneous data and weak cross-validation schemes. The promise of resting-state neuroimaging data to play an important role in the prediction of CBT treatment outcomes in patients with anxiety disorders remains yet to be delivered.
Published: 2024
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15. Elevated accuracy in recognition of subliminal happy facial expressions in patients with panic disorder after psychotherapy

Author: Zirong Qian, Yunbo Yang, Katharina Domschke, Alexander L. Gerlach, Alfons Hamm, Jan Richter, Martin J. Herrmann, Jürgen Deckert, Volker Arolt, Peter Zwanzger, Martin Lotze, Bettina Pfleiderer, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Thomas Lang, Andreas Ströhle, Carsten Konrad, Winfried Rief, Thomas Suslow, Andreas Jansen, Tilo Kircher, and Benjamin Straube
Subjects: panic disorder, subliminal perception, facial recognition, forced choice, cognitive behavior therapy, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract: BackgroundIndividuals with anxiety disorders (ADs) often display hypervigilance to threat information, although this response may be less pronounced following psychotherapy. This study aims to investigate the unconscious recognition performance of facial expressions in patients with panic disorder (PD) post-treatment, shedding light on alterations in their emotional processing biases.MethodsPatients with PD (n=34) after (exposure-based) cognitive behavior therapy and healthy controls (n=43) performed a subliminal affective recognition task. Emotional facial expressions (fearful, happy, or mirrored) were displayed for 33 ms and backwardly masked by a neutral face. Participants completed a forced choice task to discriminate the briefly presented facial stimulus and an uncovered condition where only the neutral mask was shown. We conducted a secondary analysis to compare groups based on their four possible response types under the four stimulus conditions and examined the correlation of the false alarm rate for fear responses to non-fearful (happy, mirrored, and uncovered) stimuli with clinical anxiety symptoms.ResultsThe patient group showed a unique selection pattern in response to happy expressions, with significantly more correct “happy” responses compared to controls. Additionally, lower severity of anxiety symptoms after psychotherapy was associated with a decreased false fear response rate with non-threat presentations.ConclusionThese data suggest that patients with PD exhibited a “happy-face recognition advantage” after psychotherapy. Less symptoms after treatment were related to a reduced fear bias. Thus, a differential facial emotion detection task could be a suitable tool to monitor response patterns and biases in individuals with ADs in the context of psychotherapy.
Published: 2024
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16. Ten questions concerning energy flexibility in buildings

Author: Li, Rongling, Satchwell, Andrew J, Finn, Donal, Christensen, Toke Haunstrup, Kummert, Michaël, Le Dréau, Jérôme, Lopes, Rui Amaral, Madsen, Henrik, Salom, Jaume, Henze, Gregor, and Wittchen, Kim
Subjects: Built Environment and Design, Architecture, Affordable and Clean Energy, Climate Action, Sustainable Cities and Communities, Energy flexibility, Energy flexible buildings, Energy system resilience, Energy stakeholders, Business models, Energy policy, Environmental Science and Management, Building, Building & Construction, Built environment and design, Engineering
Abstract: Demand side energy flexibility is increasingly being viewed as an essential enabler for the swift transition to a low-carbon energy system that displaces conventional fossil fuels with renewable energy sources while maintaining, if not improving, the operation of the energy system. Building energy flexibility may address several challenges facing energy systems and electricity consumers as society transitions to a low-carbon energy system characterized by distributed and intermittent energy resources. For example, by changing the timing and amount of building energy consumption through advanced building technologies, electricity demand and supply balance can be improved to enable greater integration of variable renewable energy. Although the benefits of utilizing energy flexibility from the built environment are generally recognized, solutions that reflect diversity in building stocks, customer behavior, and market rules and regulations need to be developed for successful implementation. In this paper, we pose and answer ten questions covering technological, social, commercial, and regulatory aspects to enable the utilization of energy flexibility of buildings in practice. In particular, we provide a critical overview of techniques and methods for quantifying and harnessing energy flexibility. We discuss the concepts of resilience and multi-carrier energy systems and their relation to energy flexibility. We argue the importance of balancing stakeholder engagement and technology deployment. Finally, we highlight the crucial roles of standardization, regulation, and policy in advancing the deployment of energy flexible buildings.
Published: 2022

17. Lack of evidence for predictive utility from resting state fMRI data for individual exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapy outcomes: A machine learning study in two large multi-site samples in anxiety disorders

Author: Hilbert, Kevin, Böhnlein, Joscha, Meinke, Charlotte, Chavanne, Alice V., Langhammer, Till, Stumpe, Lara, Winter, Nils, Leenings, Ramona, Adolph, Dirk, Arolt, Volker, Bischoff, Sophie, Cwik, Jan C., Deckert, Jürgen, Domschke, Katharina, Fydrich, Thomas, Gathmann, Bettina, Hamm, Alfons O., Heinig, Ingmar, Herrmann, Martin J., Hollandt, Maike, Hoyer, Jürgen, Junghöfer, Markus, Kircher, Tilo, Koelkebeck, Katja, Lotze, Martin, Margraf, Jürgen, Mumm, Jennifer L.M., Neudeck, Peter, Pauli, Paul, Pittig, Andre, Plag, Jens, Richter, Jan, Ridderbusch, Isabelle C., Rief, Winfried, Schneider, Silvia, Schwarzmeier, Hanna, Seeger, Fabian R., Siminski, Niklas, Straube, Benjamin, Straube, Thomas, Ströhle, Andreas, Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Wroblewski, Adrian, Yang, Yunbo, Roesmann, Kati, Leehr, Elisabeth J., Dannlowski, Udo, and Lueken, Ulrike
Published: 2024
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18. NADA Acupuncture in Specialized Palliative Care: Patients’ and Family Caregivers’ Experiences

Author: Sørensen, Regina Wittchen, Andersen, Nina Ingerslev, and Dieperink, Karin Brochstedt
Published: 2024
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19. Designing Interactive Shoes for Tactile Augmented Reality.

Author: Dennis Wittchen, Valentin Martinez-Missir, Sina Mavali, Nihar Sabnis, Courtney N. Reed, and Paul Strohmeier
Published: 2023
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20. Haptic Servos: Self-Contained Vibrotactile Rendering System for Creating or Augmenting Material Experiences.

Author: Nihar Sabnis, Dennis Wittchen, Courtney N. Reed, Narjes Pourjafarian, Jürgen Steimle, and Paul Strohmeier
Published: 2023
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21. Tactile Symbols with Continuous and Motion-Coupled Vibration: An Exploration of using Embodied Experiences for Hermeneutic Design.

Author: Nihar Sabnis, Dennis Wittchen, Gabriela Vega, Courtney N. Reed, and Paul Strohmeier
Published: 2023
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22. Exploring Dynamic Vibrotactile Feedback for Layer-based Interaction on Elastic Displays.

Author: Mathias Müller 0001, Alexander Ramian, Dennis Wittchen, Georg Freitag, and Dietrich Kammer
Published: 2023
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23. Investigating Apparent Tactile Motion and Cutaneous Rabbit Illusion to Support Cyclists' Navigation.

Author: Dennis Wittchen, Gabriel Schreyer, Alexander Ramian, and Georg Freitag
Published: 2023
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24. Exposure traced in daily life: improvements in ecologically assessed social and physical activity following exposure-based psychotherapy for anxiety disorders

Author: Heinig, Ingmar, Weiß, Martin, Hamm, Alfons O., Hein, Grit, Hollandt, Maike, Hoyer, Jürgen, Kanske, Philipp, Richter, Jan, Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, and Pittig, Andre
Published: 2024
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25. Mapping Research Domain Criteria using a transdiagnostic mini-RDoC assessment in mental disorders: a confirmatory factor analysis

Author: Förstner, Bernd R., Tschorn, Mira, Reinoso-Schiller, Nicolas, Maričić, Lea Mascarell, Röcher, Erik, Kalman, Janos L., Stroth, Sanna, Mayer, Annalina V., Schwarz, Kristina, Kaiser, Anna, Pfennig, Andrea, Manook, André, Ising, Marcus, Heinig, Ingmar, Pittig, Andre, Heinz, Andreas, Mathiak, Klaus, Schulze, Thomas G., Schneider, Frank, Kamp-Becker, Inge, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Padberg, Frank, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bauer, Michael, Rupprecht, Rainer, Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, and Rapp, Michael A.
Published: 2023
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26. Spacecraft and interplanetary contributions to the magnetic environment on-board LISA Pathfinder

Author: Armano, M., Audley, H., Baird, J., Binetruy, P., Born, M., Bortoluzzi, D., Castelli, E., Cavalleri, A., Cesarini, A., Cruise, A. M., Danzmann, K., Silva, M. de Deus, Diepholz, I., Dixon, G., Dolesi, R., Ferraioli, L., Ferroni, V., Fitzsimons, E. D., Freschi, M., Gesa, L., Gibert, F., Giardini, D., Giusteri, R., Grimani, C., Grzymisch, J., Harrison, I., Hartig, M-S., Heinzel, G., Hewitson, M., Hollington, D., Hoyland, D., Hueller, M., Inchauspé, H., Jennrich, O., Jetzer, P., Karnesis, N., Kaune, B., Korsakova, N., Killow, C. J., Lobo, J. A., Liu, L., López-Zaragoza, J. P., Maarschalkerweerd, R., Mance, D., Martín, V., Martin-Polo, L., Martino, J., Martin-Porqueras, F., Mateos, I., McNamara, P. W., Mendes, J., Mendes, L., Meshksar, N., Nofrarias, M., Paczkowski, S., Perreur-Lloyd, M., Petiteau, A., Pivato, P., Plagnol, E., Ramos-Castro, J., Reiche, J., Rivas, F., Robertson, D. I., Roma-Dollase, D., Russano, G., Slutsky, J., Sopuerta, C. F., Sumner, T., Telloni, D., Texier, D., Thorpe, J. I., Trenkel, C., Vetrugno, D., Vitale, S., Wanner, G., Ward, H., Wass, P. J., Wealthy, D., Weber, W. J., Wissel, L., Wittchen, A., and Zweifel, P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: LISA Pathfinder (LPF) has been a space-based mission designed to test new technologies that will be required for a gravitational wave observatory in space. Magnetically driven forces play a key role in the instrument sensitivity in the low-frequency regime (mHz and below), the measurement band of interest for a space-based observatory. The magnetic field can couple to the magnetic susceptibility and remanent magnetic moment from the test masses and disturb them from their geodesic movement. LISA Pathfinder carried on-board a dedicated magnetic measurement subsystem with noise levels of 10 $ \rm nT \ Hz^{-1/2}$ from 1 Hz down to 1 mHz. In this paper we report on the magnetic measurements throughout LISA Pathfinder operations. We characterise the magnetic environment within the spacecraft, study the time evolution of the magnetic field and its stability down to 20 $\mu$Hz, where we measure values around 200 $ \rm nT \ Hz^{-1/2}$ and identify two different frequency regimes, one related to the interplanetary magnetic field and the other to the magnetic field originating inside the spacecraft. Finally, we characterise the non-stationary component of the fluctuations of the magnetic field below the mHz and relate them to the dynamics of the solar wind., Comment: 16 pages, 17 figures. MNRAS LaTeX style file version 3.0
Published: 2020
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27. Genetic and molecular determinants of polymicrobial interactions in Fusobacterium nucleatum

Author: Wu, Chenggang, Chen, Yi-Wei, Scheible, Matthew, Chang, Chungyu, Wittchen, Manuel, Lee, Ju Huck, Luong, Truc T, Tiner, Bethany L, Tauch, Andreas, Das, Asis, and Ton-That, Hung
Subjects: Genetics, Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease, Infectious Diseases, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Aetiology, Infection, Animals, Bacterial Proteins, Fusobacterium Infections, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Mice, Premature Birth, Signal Transduction, Virulence Factors, coaggregation, preterm birth, two-component transduction system, virulence
Abstract: A gram-negative colonizer of the oral cavity, Fusobacterium nucleatum not only interacts with many pathogens in the oral microbiome but also has the ability to spread to extraoral sites including placenta and amniotic fluid, promoting preterm birth. To date, however, the molecular mechanism of interspecies interactions-termed coaggregation-by F. nucleatum and how coaggregation affects bacterial virulence remain poorly defined. Here, we employed genome-wide transposon mutagenesis to uncover fusobacterial coaggregation factors, revealing the intertwined function of a two-component signal transduction system (TCS), named CarRS, and a lysine metabolic pathway in regulating the critical coaggregation factor RadD. Transcriptome analysis shows that CarR modulates a large regulon including radD and lysine metabolic genes, such as kamA and kamD, the expression of which are highly up-regulated in the ΔcarR mutant. Significantly, the native culture medium of ΔkamA or ΔkamD mutants builds up abundant amounts of free lysine, which blocks fusobacterial coaggregation with streptococci. Our demonstration that lysine-conjugated beads trap RadD from the membrane lysates suggests that lysine utilizes RadD as its receptor to act as a metabolic inhibitor of coaggregation. Lastly, using a mouse model of preterm birth, we show that fusobacterial virulence is significantly attenuated with the ΔkamA and ΔcarR mutants, in contrast to the enhanced virulence phenotype observed upon diminishing RadD (ΔradD or ΔcarS mutant). Evidently, F. nucleatum employs the TCS CarRS and environmental lysine to modulate RadD-mediated interspecies interaction, virulence, and nutrient acquisition to thrive in the adverse environment of oral biofilms and extraoral sites.
Published: 2021

28. Vagal control of the heart decreases during increasing imminence of interoceptive threat in patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia.

Author: Richter, Jan, Pietzner, Anne, Koenig, Julian, Pané-Farré, Christiane, Gerlach, Alexander, Gloster, Andrew, Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Lang, Thomas, Alpers, Georg, Helbig-Lang, Sylvia, Deckert, Jürgen, Fydrich, Thomas, Fehm, Lydia, Ströhle, Andreas, Kircher, Tilo, Arolt, Volker, Hamm, Alfons, and Thayer, Julian
Subjects: Acute Disease, Adult, Agoraphobia, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Panic Disorder, Time Factors, Vagus Nerve
Abstract: Theoretically, panic disorder and agoraphobia pathology can be conceptualized as a cascade of dynamically changing defensive responses to threat cues from inside the body. Guided by this trans-diagnostic model we tested the interaction between defensive activation and vagal control as a marker of prefrontal inhibition of subcortical defensive activation. We investigated ultra-short-term changes of vagally controlled high frequency heart rate variability (HRV) during a standardized threat challenge (entrapment) in n = 232 patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia, and its interaction with various indices of defensive activation. We found a strong inverse relationship between HRV and heart rate during threat, which was stronger at the beginning of exposure. Patients with a strong increase in heart rate showed a deactivation of prefrontal vagal control while patients showing less heart rate acceleration showed an increase in vagal control. Moreover, vagal control collapsed in case of imminent threat, i.e., when body symptoms increase and seem to get out of control. In these cases of defensive action patients either fled from the situation or experienced a panic attack. Active avoidance, panic attacks, and increased sympathetic arousal are associated with an inability to maintain vagal control over the heart suggesting that teaching such regulation strategies during exposure treatment might be helpful to keep prefrontal control, particularly during the transition zone from post-encounter to circa strike defense.Trial Registration Number: ISRCTN80046034.
Published: 2021

29. LISA Pathfinder Performance Confirmed in an Open-Loop Configuration: Results from the Free-Fall Actuation Mode

Author: Armano, M., Audley, H., Baird, J., Binetruy, P., Born, M., Bortoluzzi, D., Castelli, E., Cavalleri, A., Cesarini, A., Cruise, A. M., Danzmann, K., Silva, M. de Deus, Diepholz, I., Dixon, G., Dolesi, R., Ferraioli, L., Ferroni, V., Fitzsimons, E. D., Freschi, M., Gesa, L., Gibert, F., Giardini, D., Giusteri, R., Grimani, C., Grzymisch, J., Harrison, I., Hartig, M-S., Heinzel, G., Hewitson, M., Hollington, D., Hoyland, D., Hueller, M., Inchauspé, H., Jennrich, O., Jetzer, P., Karnesis, N., Kaune, B., Korsakova, N., Killow, C. J., Lobo, J. A., Liu, L., Llopez-Zaragoza, J. P., Maarschalkerweerd, R., Mance, D., Meshksar, N., Martìn, V., Martin-Polo, L., Martino, J., Martin-Porqueras, F., Mateos, I., McNamara, P. W., Mendes, J., Mendes, L., Nofrarias, M., Paczkowski, S., Perreur-Lloyd, M., Petiteau, A., Pivato, P., Plagnol, E., Ramos-Castro, J., Reiche, J., Robertson, D. I., Rivas, F., Russano, G., Slutsky, J., Sopuerta, C. F., Sumner, T., Texier, D., Thorpe, J. I., Vetrugno, D., Vitale, S., Wanner, G., Ward, H., Wass, P. J., Weber, W. J., Wissel, L., Wittchen, A., and Zweifel, P.
Subjects: Physics - Space Physics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: We report on the results of the LISA Pathfinder (LPF) free-fall mode experiment, in which the control force needed to compensate the quasistatic differential force acting on two test masses is applied intermittently as a series of "impulse" forces lasting a few seconds and separated by roughly 350 s periods of true free fall. This represents an alternative to the normal LPF mode of operation in which this balancing force is applied continuously, with the advantage that the acceleration noise during free fall is measured in the absence of the actuation force, thus eliminating associated noise and force calibration errors. The differential acceleration noise measurement presented here with the free-fall mode agrees with noise measured with the continuous actuation scheme, representing an important and independent confirmation of the LPF result. An additional measurement with larger actuation forces also shows that the technique can be used to eliminate actuation noise when this is a dominant factor.
Published: 2019
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30. Temperature stability in the sub-milliHertz band with LISA Pathfinder

Author: Armano, M., Audley, H., Baird, J., Binetruy, P., Born, M., Bortoluzzi, D., Castelli, E., Cavalleri, A., Cesarini, A., Cruise, A. M., Danzmann, K., Silva, M. de Deus, Diepholz, I., Dixon, G., Dolesi, R., Ferraioli, L., Ferroni, V., Fitzsimons, E. D., Freschi, M., Gesa, L., Gibert, F., Giardini, D., Giusteri, R., Grimani, C., Grzymisch, J., Harrison, I., Heinzel, G., Hewitson, M., Hollington, D., Hoyland, D., Hueller, M., Inchauspé, H., Jennrich, O., Jetzer, P., Karnesis, N., Kaune, B., Korsakova, N., Killow, C. J., Lobo, J. A., Lloro, I., Liu, L., López-Zaragoza, J. P., Maarschalkerweerd, R., Mance, D., Mansanet, C., Martín, V., Martin-Polo, L., Martino, J., Martin-Porqueras, F., Mateos, I., McNamara, P. W., Mendes, J., Mendes, L., Meshksar, N., Nofrarias, M., Paczkowski, S., Perreur-Lloyd, M., Petiteau, A., Pivato, P., Plagnol, E., Ramos-Castro, J., Reiche, J., Robertson, D. I., Rivas, F., Russano, G., Sanjuán, J., Slutsky, J., Sopuerta, C. F., Sumner, T., Texier, D., Thorpe, J. I., Trenkel, C., Vetrugno, D., Vitale, S., Wanner, G., Ward, H., Wass, P. J., Wealthy, D., Weber, W. J., Wissel, L., Wittchen, A., and Zweifel, P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: LISA Pathfinder (LPF) was a technology pioneering mission designed to test key technologies required for gravitational wave detection in space. In the low frequency regime (milli-Hertz and below), where space-based gravitational wave observatories will operate, temperature fluctuations play a crucial role since they can couple into the interferometric measurement and the test masses' free-fall accuracy in many ways. A dedicated temperature measurement subsystem, with noise levels in 10$\,\mu$K$\,$Hz$^{-1/2}$ down to $1\,$mHz was part of the diagnostics unit on board LPF. In this paper we report on the temperature measurements throughout mission operations, characterize the thermal environment, estimate transfer functions between different locations and report temperature stability (and its time evolution) at frequencies as low as 10$\,\mu$Hz, where typically values around $1\,$K$\,$Hz$^{-1/2}$ were measured., Comment: 13 pages, 16 figures. MNRAS LaTeX style file version 3.0
Published: 2019
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31. Micrometeoroid Events in LISA Pathfinder

Author: Thorpe, James Ira, Slutsky, Jacob, Baker, John, Littenberg, Tyson, Hourihane, Sophie, Pagane, Nicole, Pokorny, Petr, Janches, Diego, Armano, Michele, Audley, Heather, Auger, G., Baird, Jonathan, Bassan, Massimo, Binetruy, Pierre, Born, Michael, Bortoluzzi, D., Brandt, N., Caleno, M., Cavalleri, A, Cesarini, A, Cruise, A. M., Danzmann, K., Silva, M. de Deus, De Rosa, R., Di Fiore, L., Diepholz, I., Dixon, G., Dolesi, R., Dunbar, N., Ferraioli, L., Ferroni, V., Fitzsimons, E., Flatscher, R., Freschi, M., Marirrodriga, C. Garcia, Gerndt, R., Gesa, L., Gibert, F., Giardini, D., Giusteri, R., Grado, A., Grimani, C., Gryzmisch, J., Harrison, I., Heinzel, G., Hewitson, M., Hollington, D., Hoyland, D., Hueller, M., Inchauspe, H., Jennrich, O., Jetzer, P., Johlander, B., Karnesis, N., Kaune, B., Korsakova, N., Killow, C., Lobo, J. A., Lloro, I., Liu, L., Lopez-Zaragoza, J. P., Maarschalkerweerd, R., Mance, D., Martin, V., Martin-Polo, L., Martino, J., Martin-Porqueras, F., Madden, S., Mateos, I., McNamara, P. W., Mendes, J., Mendes, L., Nofarias, M., Paczkowski, S., Perreur-Lloyd, M., Petiteau, A., Pivato, P., Plagnol, E., Prat, P., Ragnit, U., Ramos-Castro, J., Reiche, J., Robertson, D., Rozemeijer, H., Rivas, F., Russano, G., Sarra, P., Schleicher, A., Shaul, D., Soperta, C., Stanga, R., Sumner, T., Texier, D., Trobs, M., Vetrungno, D., Vitale, S., Wanner, G., Ward, H., Wass, P., Wealthy, D., Weber, W. J., Wissel, L., Wittchen, A., Zambotti, A., Zanoni, C., Ziegler, T., and Zweifel, P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: The zodiacal dust complex, a population of dust and small particles that pervades the Solar System, provides important insight into the formation and dynamics of planets, comets, asteroids, and other bodies. Here we present a new set of data obtained using a novel technique: direct measurements of momentum transfer to a spacecraft from individual particle impacts. This technique is made possible by the extreme precision of the instruments flown on the LISA Pathfinder spacecraft, a technology demonstrator for a future space-based gravitational wave observatory that operated near the first Sun-Earth Lagrange point from early 2016 through Summer of 2017. Using a simple model of the impacts and knowledge of the control system, we show that it is possible to detect impacts and measure properties such as the transferred momentum (related to the particle's mass and velocity), direction of travel, and location of impact on the spacecraft. In this paper, we present the results of a systematic search for impacts during 4348 hours of Pathfinder data. We report a total of 54 candidates with momenta ranging from 0.2$\,\mu\textrm{Ns}$ to 230$\,\mu\textrm{Ns}$. We furthermore make a comparison of these candidates with models of micrometeoroid populations in the inner solar system including those resulting from Jupiter-family comets, Oort-cloud comets, Hailey-type comets, and Asteroids. We find that our measured population is consistent with a population dominated by Jupiter-family comets with some evidence for a smaller contribution from Hailey-type comets. This is in agreement with consensus models of the zodiacal dust complex in the momentum range sampled by LISA Pathfinder., Comment: 22 pages, 14 figures, accepted in ApJ
Published: 2019
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32. Forbush decreases and $<$ 2-day GCR flux non-recurrent variations studied with LISA Pathfinder

Author: Grimani, C., Armano, M., Audley, H., Baird, J., Benella, S., Binetruy, P., Born, M., Bortoluzzi, D., Castelli, E., Cavalleri, A., Cesarini, A., Cruise, A. M., Danzmann, K., Silva, M. de Deus, Diepholz, I., Dixon, G., Dolesi, R., Fabi, M., Ferraioli, L., Ferroni, V., Finetti, N., Fitzsimons, E. D., Freschi, M., Gesa, L., Gibert, F., Giardini, D., Giusteri, R., Grzymisch, J., Harrison, I., Heinzel, G., Hewitson, M., Hollington, D., Hoyland, D., Hueller, M., Inchauspé, H., Jennrich, O., Jetzer, P., Karnesis, N., Kaune, B., Korsakova, N., Killow, C. J., Kudela, K., Laurenza, M., Lobo, J. A., Lloro, I., Liu, L., López-Zaragoza, J. P., Maarschalkerweerd, R., Mance, D., Meshksar, N., Martín, V., Martin-Polo, L., Martino, J., Martin-Porqueras, F., Mateos, I., McNamara, P. W., Mendes, J., Mendes, L., Nofrarias, M., Paczkowski, S., Perreur-Lloyd, M., Petiteau, A., Pivato, P., Plagnol, E., Ramos-Castro, J., Reiche, J., Robertson, D. I., Rivas, F., Russano, G., Slutsky, J., Sopuerta, C. F., Sumner, T., Telloni, D., Texier, D., Thorpe, J. I., Vetrugno, D., Villani, M., Vitale, S., Wanner, G., Ward, H., Wass, P., Weber, W. J., Wissel, L., Wittchen, A., and Zweifel, P.
Subjects: Physics - Space Physics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: Non-recurrent short term variations of the galactic cosmic-ray (GCR) flux above 70 MeV n$^{-1}$ were observed between 2016 February 18 and 2017 July 3 aboard the European Space Agency LISA Pathfinder (LPF) mission orbiting around the Lagrange point L1 at 1.5$\times$10$^6$ km from Earth. The energy dependence of three Forbush decreases (FDs) is studied and reported here. A comparison of these observations with others carried out in space down to the energy of a few tens of MeV n$^{-1}$ shows that the same GCR flux parameterization applies to events of different intensity during the main phase. FD observations in L1 with LPF and geomagnetic storm occurrence is also presented. Finally, the characteristics of GCR flux non-recurrent variations (peaks and depressions) of duration $<$ 2 days and their association with interplanetary structures are investigated. It is found that, most likely, plasma compression regions between subsequent corotating high-speed streams cause peaks, while heliospheric current sheet crossing cause the majority of the depressions.
Published: 2019
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33. LISA Pathfinder

Author: Armano, Michele, Audley, Heather, Baird, Jonathon, Binetruy, Pierre, Born, Michael, Bortoluzzi, Daniele, Castelli, Eleanora, Cavalleri, Antonella, Cesarini, Andrea, Cruise, Mike, Danzmann, Karsten, Silva, Marcus de Deus, Diepholz, Ingo, Dixon, George, Dolesi, Rita, Ferraioli, Luigi, Ferroni, Valerio, Fitzsimons, Ewan, Freschi, Mario, Gesa, Luis, Gibert, Ferran, Giardini, Domenico, Giusteri, Roberta, Grimani, Catia, Grzymisch, Jonathan, Harrison, Ian, Heinzel, Gerhard, Hewitson, Martin, Hollington, Daniel, Hoyland, David, Hueller, Mauro, Inchauspe, Henri, Jennrich, Oliver, Jetzer, Philippe, Karnesis, Nikolaos, Kaune, Brigitte, Korsakova, Natalia, Killow, Christian J, Lobo, Alberto, Lloro, Ivan, Liu, Li, Lopez-Zaragoza, Juan-Pedro, Maarschalkerweerd, Rolf, Mance, Davor, Meshksar, Neda, Martın, V, Martin-Polo, L, Martino, Joseph, Martin-Porqueras, Fernando, Mateos, Ignacio, McNamara, Paul, Mendes, Jose, Mendes, Luis, Nofrarias, Miquel, Paczkowski, Sarah, Perreur-Lloyd, Michael, Petiteau, Antoine, Pivato, Paolo, Plagnol, Eric, Ramos-Castro, Jose, Reiche, Jens, Robertson, David, Rivas, Francisco, Russano, Giuliana, Slutsky, Jacob, Sopuerta, Carlos, Sumner, Timothy, Texier, Daniel, Thorpe, Ira, Vetrugno, Daniele, Vitale, Stefano, Wanner, Gudrun, Ward, Harry, Wass, Peter, Weber, William, Wissel, Lennart, Wittchen, Andreas, and Zweifel, Peter
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: Since the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for the observation of gravitational waves, it is fair to say that the epoch of gravitational wave astronomy (GWs) has begun. However, a number of interesting sources of GWs can only be observed from space. To demonstrate the feasibility of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), a future gravitational wave observatory in space, the LISA Pathfinder satellite was launched on December, 3rd 2015. Measurements of the spurious forces accelerating an otherwise free-falling test mass, and detailed investigations of the individual subsystems needed to achieve the free-fall, have been conducted throughout the mission. This overview article starts with the purpose and aim of the mission, explains satellite hardware and mission operations and ends with a summary of selected important results and an outlook towards LISA. From the LISA Pathfinder experience, we can conclude that the proposed LISA mission is feasible., Comment: Preprint of an article submitted for consideration in Lepton-Photon 2017 conference proceedings \copyright 2019 copyright World Scientific Publishing Company
Published: 2019

34. LISA Pathfinder Platform Stability and Drag-free Performance

Author: Armano, Michele, Audley, Heather, Baird, Jonathon, Binetruy, Pierre, Born, Michael, Bortoluzzi, Daniele, Castelli, Eleanora, Cavalleri, Antonella, Cesarini, Andrea, Cruise, Mike, Danzmann, Karsten, Silva, Marcus de Deus, Diepholz, Igo, Dixon, George, Dolesi, Rita, Ferraioli, Luigi, Ferroni, Valerio, Fitzsimons, Ewan, Freschi, Mario, Gesa, Luis, Gibert, Ferran, Giardini, Domenico, Giusteri, Roberta, Grimani, Catia, Grzymisch, Jonathan, Harrison, Ian, Heinzel, Gerhard, Hewitson, Martin, Hollington, Daniel, Hoyland, David, Hueller, Mauro, Inchauspe, Henri, Jennrich, Oliver, Jetzer, Philippe, Karnesis, Nikolaos, Kaune, Brigitte, Korsakova, Natalia, Killow, Christian J, Lobo, Alberto, Lloro, Ivan, Liu, Li, Lopez-Zaragoza, Juan-Pedro P, Maarschalkerweerd, Rolf, Mance, Davor, Meshksar, Neda, Martın, V, Martin-Polo, L, Martino, Joseph, Martin-Porqueras, Fernando, Mateos, Ignacio, McNamara, Paul, Mendes, Jose, Mendes, Luis, Nofrarias, Miquel, Paczkowski, Sarah, Perreur-Lloyd, Michael, Petiteau, Antoine, Pivato, Paolo, Plagnol, Eric, Ramos-Castro, Jose, Reiche, Jens, Robertson, David, Rivas, Francisco, Russano, Giuliana, Slutsky, Jacob, Sopuerta, Carlos, Sumner, Timothy, Texier, Daniel, Thorpe, Ira, Vetrugno, Daniele, Vitale, Stefano, Wanner, Gudrun, Ward, Harry, Wass, Peter, Weber, William, Wissel, Lennart, Wittchen, Andreas, and Zweifel, Peter
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The science operations of the LISA Pathfinder mission has demonstrated the feasibility of sub-femto-g free-fall of macroscopic test masses necessary to build a LISA-like gravitational wave observatory in space. While the main focus of interest, i.e. the optical axis or the $x$-axis, has been extensively studied, it is also of interest to evaluate the stability of the spacecraft with respect to all the other degrees of freedom. The current paper is dedicated to such a study, with a focus set on an exhaustive and quantitative evaluation of the imperfections and dynamical effects that impact the stability with respect to its local geodesic. A model of the complete closed-loop system provides a comprehensive understanding of each part of the in-loop coordinates spectra. As will be presented, this model gives very good agreements with LISA Pathfinder flight data. It allows one to identify the physical noise source at the origin and the physical phenomena underlying the couplings. From this, the performances of the stability of the spacecraft, with respect to its geodesic, are extracted as a function of frequency. Close to $1 mHz$, the stability of the spacecraft on the $X_{SC}$, $Y_{SC}$ and $Z_{SC}$ degrees of freedom is shown to be of the order of $5.0\ 10^{-15} m\ s^{-2}/\sqrt{Hz}$ for X and $4.0 \ 10^{-14} m\ s^{-2}/\sqrt{Hz}$ for Y and Z. For the angular degrees of freedom, the values are of the order $3\ 10^{-12} rad\ s^{-2}/\sqrt{Hz}$ for $\Theta_{SC}$ and $3\ 10^{-13} rad\ s^{-2}/\sqrt{Hz}$ for $H_{SC}$ and $\Phi_{SC}$., Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures
Published: 2018
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35. Between harm and sensationalism: Court reporters negotiating objectivity when reflecting on ethical dilemmas in the Submarine Murder Trial

Author: Wittchen Maria Bendix
Subjects: trial reporting, press ethics, objectivity, ethical rules, case study, Communication. Mass media, P87-96
Abstract: The trial of amateur submarine builder Peter Madsen for the murder of the Swedish journalist Kim Wall was one of the most publicised trials in recent Danish history. Through in-depth interviews with ten prominent Danish reporters who covered the trial, this study examines how court reporters negotiate and struggle with ethical dilemmas related to objectivity as both an institutional ideal and an ethical rule under the Media Liability Act. I demonstrate how reporters negotiate and strategise to maintain objectivity in relation to facts, relevance, the telling of both sides, and the avoidance of prejudging. I further highlight the dispute between fact-based reporters and a minor group endorsing interpretive and narrative reporting and advocating for a more pragmatic approach to objectivity. A core finding is how technological advancements and massive public interest have paved the way for new ethical practices, referred to here as “strategic ritual 2.0”.
Published: 2023
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36. Effective—and Tolerable: Acceptance and Side Effects of Intensified Exposure for Anxiety Disorders

Author: Heinig, Ingmar, Knappe, Susanne, Hoyer, Jürgen, Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Richter, Jan, Arolt, Volker, Deckert, Jürgen, Domschke, Katharina, Hamm, Alfons, Kircher, Tilo, Lueken, Ulrike, Margraf, Jürgen, Neudeck, Peter, Rief, Winfried, Straube, Benjamin, Ströhle, Andreas, Pauli, Paul, and Pittig, Andre
Published: 2023
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37. TactJam: An End-to-End Prototyping Suite for Collaborative Design of On-Body Vibrotactile Feedback.

Author: Dennis Wittchen, Katta Spiel, Bruno Fruchard, Donald Degraen, Oliver Schneider 0006, Georg Freitag, and Paul Strohmeier
Published: 2022
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38. Sustainable Haptic Design: Improving Collaboration, Sharing, and Reuse in Haptic Design Research.

Author: Oliver Schneider 0006, Bruno Fruchard, Dennis Wittchen, Bibhushan Raj Joshi, Georg Freitag, Donald Degraen, and Paul Strohmeier
Published: 2022
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39. The transcriptomic landscape of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense during magnetosome biomineralization

Author: Cornelius N. Riese, Manuel Wittchen, Valérie Jérôme, Ruth Freitag, Tobias Busche, Jörn Kalinowski, and Dirk Schüler
Subjects: Magnetospirillum, Magnetosomes, Operons, Promoters, Transcription, Transcriptome, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: Abstract Background One of the most complex prokaryotic organelles are magnetosomes, which are formed by magnetotactic bacteria as sensors for navigation in the Earth’s magnetic field. In the alphaproteobacterium Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense magnetosomes consist of chains of magnetite crystals (Fe3O4) that under microoxic to anoxic conditions are biomineralized within membrane vesicles. To form such an intricate structure, the transcription of > 30 specific structural genes clustered within the genomic magnetosome island (MAI) has to be coordinated with the expression of an as-yet unknown number of auxiliary genes encoding several generic metabolic functions. However, their global regulation and transcriptional organization in response to anoxic conditions most favorable for magnetite biomineralization are still unclear. Results Here, we compared transcriptional profiles of anaerobically grown magnetosome forming cells with those in which magnetosome biosynthesis has been suppressed by aerobic condition. Using whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing, we found that transcription of about 300 of the > 4300 genes was significantly enhanced during magnetosome formation. About 40 of the top upregulated genes are directly or indirectly linked to aerobic and anaerobic respiration (denitrification) or unknown functions. The mam and mms gene clusters, specifically controlling magnetosome biosynthesis, were highly transcribed, but constitutively expressed irrespective of the growth condition. By Cappable-sequencing, we show that the transcriptional complexity of both the MAI and the entire genome decreased under anaerobic conditions optimal for magnetosome formation. In addition, predominant promoter structures were highly similar to sigma factor σ70 dependent promoters in other Alphaproteobacteria. Conclusions Our transcriptome-wide analysis revealed that magnetite biomineralization relies on a complex interplay between generic metabolic processes such as aerobic and anaerobic respiration, cellular redox control, and the biosynthesis of specific magnetosome structures. In addition, we provide insights into global regulatory features that have remained uncharacterized in the widely studied model organism M. gryphiswaldense, including a comprehensive dataset of newly annotated transcription start sites and genome-wide operon detection as a community resource (GEO Series accession number GSE197098).
Published: 2022
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40. Tilt-to-length coupling in LISA Pathfinder: A data analysis

Author: M. Armano, H. Audley, J. Baird, P. Binetruy, M. Born, D. Bortoluzzi, E. Castelli, A. Cavalleri, A. Cesarini, A. M. Cruise, K. Danzmann, M. de Deus Silva, I. Diepholz, G. Dixon, R. Dolesi, L. Ferraioli, V. Ferroni, E. D. Fitzsimons, M. Freschi, L. Gesa, D. Giardini, F. Gibert, R. Giusteri, C. Grimani, J. Grzymisch, I. Harrison, M-S. Hartig, G. Heinzel, M. Hewitson, D. Hollington, D. Hoyland, M. Hueller, H. Inchauspé, O. Jennrich, P. Jetzer, U. Johann, B. Johlander, N. Karnesis, B. Kaune, C. J. Killow, N. Korsakova, J. A. Lobo, J. P. López-Zaragoza, R. Maarschalkerweerd, D. Mance, V. Martín, L. Martin-Polo, F. Martin-Porqueras, J. Martino, P. W. McNamara, J. Mendes, L. Mendes, N. Meshksar, M. Nofrarias, S. Paczkowski, M. Perreur-Lloyd, A. Petiteau, E. Plagnol, J. Ramos-Castro, J. Reiche, F. Rivas, D. I. Robertson, G. Russano, J. Sanjuan, J. Slutsky, C. F. Sopuerta, T. Sumner, L. Tevlin, D. Texier, J. I. Thorpe, D. Vetrugno, S. Vitale, G. Wanner, H. Ward, P. J. Wass, W. J. Weber, L. Wissel, A. Wittchen, and P. Zweifel
Published: 2023
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41. The associations of Positive and Negative Valence Systems, Cognitive Systems and Social Processes on disease severity in anxiety and depressive disorders

Author: Bernd R. Förstner, Sarah Jane Böttger, Alexander Moldavski, Malek Bajbouj, Andrea Pfennig, André Manook, Marcus Ising, Andre Pittig, Ingmar Heinig, Andreas Heinz, Klaus Mathiak, Thomas G. Schulze, Frank Schneider, Inge Kamp-Becker, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, Frank Padberg, Tobias Banaschewski, Michael Bauer, Rainer Rupprecht, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Michael A. Rapp, and Mira Tschorn
Subjects: Research Domain Criteria, depression, anxiety disoders, disease severity, transdiagnostic, RDoC, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract: BackgroundAnxiety and depressive disorders share common features of mood dysfunctions. This has stimulated interest in transdiagnostic dimensional research as proposed by the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approach by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) aiming to improve the understanding of underlying disease mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the processing of RDoC domains in relation to disease severity in order to identify latent disorder-specific as well as transdiagnostic indicators of disease severity in patients with anxiety and depressive disorders.MethodsWithin the German research network for mental disorders, 895 participants (n = 476 female, n = 602 anxiety disorder, n = 257 depressive disorder) were recruited for the Phenotypic, Diagnostic and Clinical Domain Assessment Network Germany (PD-CAN) and included in this cross-sectional study. We performed incremental regression models to investigate the association of four RDoC domains on disease severity in patients with affective disorders: Positive (PVS) and Negative Valance System (NVS), Cognitive Systems (CS) and Social Processes (SP).ResultsThe results confirmed a transdiagnostic relationship for all four domains, as we found significant main effects on disease severity within domain-specific models (PVS: β = −0.35; NVS: β = 0.39; CS: β = −0.12; SP: β = −0.32). We also found three significant interaction effects with main diagnosis showing a disease-specific association.LimitationsThe cross-sectional study design prevents causal conclusions. Further limitations include possible outliers and heteroskedasticity in all regression models which we appropriately controlled for.ConclusionOur key results show that symptom burden in anxiety and depressive disorders is associated with latent RDoC indicators in transdiagnostic and disease-specific ways.
Published: 2023
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42. Cortical and Subcortical Brain Alterations in Specific Phobia and Its Animal and Blood-Injection-Injury Subtypes: A Mega-Analysis From the ENIGMA Anxiety Working Group

Author: Hilbert, Kevin, primary, Boeken, Ole Jonas, additional, Langhammer, Till, additional, Groenewold, Nynke A., additional, Bas-Hoogendam, Janna Marie, additional, Aghajani, Moji, additional, Zugman, André, additional, Åhs, Fredrik, additional, Arolt, Volker, additional, Beesdo-Baum, Katja, additional, Björkstrand, Johannes, additional, Blackford, Jennifer U., additional, Blanco-Hinojo, Laura, additional, Böhnlein, Joscha, additional, Bülow, Robin, additional, Cano, Marta, additional, Cardoner, Narcis, additional, Caseras, Xavier, additional, Dannlowski, Udo, additional, Domschke, Katharina, additional, Fehm, Lydia, additional, Feola, Brandee, additional, Fredrikson, Mats, additional, Goossens, Liesbet, additional, Grabe, Hans J., additional, Grotegerd, Dominik, additional, Gur, Raquel E., additional, Hamm, Alfons O., additional, Harrewijn, Anita, additional, Heinig, Ingmar, additional, Herrmann, Martin J., additional, Hofmann, David, additional, Jackowski, Andrea P., additional, Jansen, Andreas, additional, Kaczkurkin, Antonia N., additional, Kindt, Merel, additional, Kingsley, Ellen N., additional, Kircher, Tilo, additional, Klahn, Anna L., additional, Koelkebeck, Katja, additional, Krug, Axel, additional, Kugel, Harald, additional, Larsen, Bart, additional, Leehr, Elisabeth J., additional, Leonhardt, Lieselotte, additional, Lotze, Martin, additional, Margraf, Jürgen, additional, Michałowski, Jarosław, additional, Muehlhan, Markus, additional, Nenadić, Igor, additional, Pan, Pedro M., additional, Pauli, Paul, additional, Peñate, Wenceslao, additional, Pittig, Andre, additional, Plag, Jens, additional, Pujol, Jesus, additional, Richter, Jan, additional, Rivero, Francisco L., additional, Salum, Giovanni A., additional, Satterthwaite, Theodore D., additional, Schäfer, Axel, additional, Schäfer, Judith, additional, Schienle, Anne, additional, Schneider, Silvia, additional, Schrammen, Elisabeth, additional, Schruers, Koen, additional, Schulz, Stefan M., additional, Seidl, Esther, additional, Stark, Rudolf M., additional, Stein, Frederike, additional, Straube, Benjamin, additional, Straube, Thomas, additional, Ströhle, Andreas, additional, Suchan, Boris, additional, Thomopoulos, Sophia I., additional, Ventura-Bort, Carlos, additional, Visser, Renee, additional, Völzke, Henry, additional, Wabnegger, Albert, additional, Wannemüller, André, additional, Wendt, Julia, additional, Wiemer, Julian, additional, Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, additional, Wittfeld, Katharina, additional, Wright, Barry, additional, Yang, Yunbo, additional, Zilverstand, Anna, additional, Zwanzger, Peter, additional, Veltman, Dick J., additional, Winkler, Anderson M., additional, Pine, Daniel S., additional, Jahanshad, Neda, additional, Thompson, Paul M., additional, Stein, Dan J., additional, Van der Wee, Nic J.A., additional, and Lueken, Ulrike, additional
Published: 2024
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43. Expanding Building Archetypes to Estimate the Indoor Environment Thermal Storage Capacity in the Danish Building Stock when Performing Demand Response

Author: Johra Hicham, Goupy Maxime, and Wittchen Kim
Subjects: Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: Short-term demand response leveraging the energy flexibility of the building stock is a key solution to decarbonise and ensure the reliability and sustainability of smart energy grids dominated by intermittent renewable energy sources. Most of the building demand response capacity depends on different forms of energy storage in the built environment. In addition to electric batteries, hot water storage tanks, ground source heat exchanger or dispatchable on-site renewable energy sources, buildings possess a tremendous thermal storage capacity within the thermal inertia of their structure and indoor environment. The latter can easily be harnessed with heating/cooling indoor temperature setpoint modulation strategies. However, there is a clear lack of large-scale estimates of this indoor environment thermal storage capacity in the different building stocks. To tackle this issue, detailed dynamic numerical models of the different building typologies in European countries are generated to assess the potential of demand response strategies at nationwide levels. The current paper presents the preliminary results on the thermal storage capacity in the Danish building stock when performing heating temperature setpoint modulation. These results are based on estimates of the effective thermal inertia of the different building archetypes in Denmark. They show that the Danish building stock contains immense thermal storage capacity, which is comparable to all combined batteries in a large fleet of electric vehicles or all industrial-size storage tanks in district heating plants.
Published: 2024
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44. Experimental results from the ST7 mission on LISA Pathfinder

Author: Anderson, G, Anderson, J, Anderson, M, Aveni, G, Bame, D, Barela, P, Blackman, K, Carmain, A, Chen, L, Cherng, M, Clark, S, Connally, M, Connolly, W, Conroy, D, Cooper, M, Cutler, C, D'Agostino, J, Demmons, N, Dorantes, E, Dunn, C, Duran, M, Ehrbar, E, Evans, J, Fernandez, J, Franklin, G, Girard, M, Gorelik, J, Hruby, V, Hsu, O, Jackson, D, Javidnia, S, Kern, D, Knopp, M, Kolasinski, R, Kuo, C, Le, T, Li, I, Liepack, O, Littlefield, A, Maghami, P, Malik, S, Markley, L, Martin, R, Marrese-Reading, C, Mehta, J, Mennela, J, Miller, D, Nguyen, D, O'Donnell, J, Parikh, R, Plett, G, Ramsey, T, Randolph, T, Rhodes, S, Romero-Wolf, A, Roy, T, Ruiz, A, Shaw, H, Slutsky, J, Spence, D, Stocky, J, Tallon, J, Thorpe, I, Tolman, W, Umfress, H, Valencia, R, Valerio, C, Warner, W, Wellman, J, Willis, P, Ziemer, J, Zwahlen, J, Armano, M, Audley, H, Baird, J, Binetruy, P, Born, a M, Bortoluzzi, D, Castelli, E, Cavalleri, A, Cesarini, A, Cruise, A M, Danzmann, K, Silva, M de Deus, Diepholz, I, Dixon, G, Dolesi, R, Ferraioli, L, Ferroni, V, Fitzsimons, E D, Freschi, M, Gesa, L, Gibert, F, Giardini, D, Giusteri, R, Grimani, C, Grzymisch, J, Harrison, I, Heinzel, G, Hewitson, M, Hollington, D, Hoyland, D, Hueller, M, Inchauspe, H, Jennrich, O, Jetzer, P, Karnesis, N, Kaune, B, Korsakova, N, Killow, C J, Lobo, J A, Lloro, I, Liu, L, Lopez-Zaragoza, J P, Maarschalkerweerd, R, Mance, D, Meshksar, N, Martin, V, Martin-Polo, L, Martino, J, Martin-Porqueras, F, Mateos, I, McNamara, P W, Mendes, J, Mendes, L, Nofrarias, M, Paczkowski, S, Perreur-Lloyd, M, Petiteau, A, Pivato, P, Plagnol, E, Ramos-Castro, J, Reiche, J, Robertson, D I, Rivas, F, Russano, G, Sopuerta, C F, Sumner, T, Texier, D, Vetrugno, D, Vitale, S, Wanner, G, Ward, H, Wass, P J, Weber, W J, Wissel, L, Wittchen, A, and Zweifel, P
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The Space Technology 7 Disturbance Reduction System (ST7-DRS) is a NASA technology demonstration payload that operated from January 2016 through July of 2017 on the European Space Agency's LISA Pathfinder spacecraft. The joint goal of the NASA and ESA missions was to validate key technologies for a future space-based gravitational wave observatory targeting the source-rich milliHertz band. The two primary components of ST7-DRS are a micropropulsion system based on colloidal micro-Newton thrusters (CMNTs) and a control system that simultaneously controls the attitude and position of the spacecraft and the two free-flying test masses (TMs). This paper presents our main experimental results and summarizes the overall the performance of the CMNTs and control laws. We find that the CMNT performance to be consistent with pre-flight predictions, with a measured system thrust noise on the order of $100\,\textrm{nN}/\sqrt{\textrm{Hz}}$ in the $1\,\textrm{mHz}\leq f \leq 30\,\textrm{mHz}$ band. The control system maintained the TM-spacecraft separation with an RMS error of less than 2$\,$nm and a noise spectral density of less than $3\,\textrm{nm}/\sqrt{\textrm{Hz}}$ in the same band. Thruster calibration measurements yield thrust values consistent with the performance model and ground-based thrust-stand measurements, to within a few percent. We also report a differential acceleration noise between the two test masses with a spectral density of roughly $3\,\textrm{fm}/\textrm{s}^2/\sqrt{\textrm{Hz}}$ in the $1\,\textrm{mHz}\leq f \leq 30\,\textrm{mHz}$ band, slightly less than twice as large as the best performance reported with the baseline LISA Pathfinder configuration and below the current requirements for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission.
Published: 2018
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45. Precision Charge Control for Isolated Free-Falling Test Masses: LISA Pathfinder Results

Author: Armano, M., Audley, H., Baird, J., Binetruy, P., Born, M., Bortoluzzi, D., Castelli, E., Cavalleri, A., Cesarini, A., Cruise, A. M., Danzmann, K., Silva, M. de Deus, Diepholz, I., Dixon, G., Dolesi, R., Ferraioli, L., Ferroni, V., Fitzsimons, E. D., Freschi, M., Gesa, L., Giardini, D., Gibert, F., Giusteri, R., Grimani, C., Grzymisch, J., Harrison, I., Heinzel, G., Hewitson, M., Hollington, D., Hoyland, D., Hueller, M., Inchauspé, H., Jennrich, O., Jetzer, P., Karnesis, N., Kaune, B., Korsakova, N., Killow, C. J., Liu, L., Lloro, I., Lobo, J. A., López-Zaragoza, J. P., Maarschalkerweerd, R., Mailland, F., Mance, D., Martín, V., Martin-Polo, L., Martin-Porqueras, F., Martino, J., Mateos, I., McNamara, P. W., Mendes, J., Mendes, L., Meshskar, N., Nofrarias, M., Paczkowski, S., Perreur-Lloyd, M., Petiteau, A., Pfeil, M., Pivato, P., Plagnol, E., Ramos-Castro, J., Reiche, J., Robertson, D. I., Rivas, F., Russano, G., Santoruvo, G., Sarra, P., Shaul, D., Slutsky, J., Sopuerta, C. F., Sumner, T., Texier, D., Thorpe, J. I., Trenkel, C., Vetrugno, D., Vitale, S., Wanner, G., Ward, H., Waschke, S., Wass, P. J., Weber, W. J., Wissel, L., Wittchen, A., and Zweifel, P.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The LISA Pathfinder charge management device was responsible for neutralising the cosmic ray induced electric charge that inevitably accumulated on the free-falling test masses at the heart of the experiment. We present measurements made on ground and in-flight that quantify the performance of this contactless discharge system which was based on photo-emission under UV illumination. In addition, a two-part simulation is described that was developed alongside the hardware. Modelling of the absorbed UV light within the Pathfinder sensor was carried out with the GEANT4 software toolkit and a separate MATLAB charge transfer model calculated the net photocurrent between the test masses and surrounding housing in the presence of AC and DC electric fields. We confront the results of these models with observations and draw conclusions for the design of discharge systems for future experiments like LISA that will also employ free-falling test masses.
Published: 2018
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46. Calibrating the system dynamics of LISA Pathfinder

Author: Armano, M., Audley, H., Baird, J., Binetruy, P., Born, M., Bortoluzzi, D., Castelli, E., Cavalleri, A., Cesarini, A., Cruise, A. M., Danzmann, K., Silva, M. de Deus, Diepholz, I., Dixon, G., Dolesi, R., Ferraioli, L., Ferroni, V., Fitzsimons, E. D., Freschi, M., Gesa, L., Gibert, F., Giardini, D., Giusteri, R., Grimani, C., Grzymisch, J., Harrison, I., Heinzel, G., Hewitson, M., Hollington, D., Hoyland, D., Hueller, M., Inchauspé, H., Jennrich, O., Jetzer, P., Karnesis, N., Kaune, B., Korsakova, N., Killow, C. J., Lobo, J. A., Lloro, I., Liu, L., López-Zaragoza, J. P., Maarschalkerweerd, R., Mance, D., Meshksar, N., Martín, V., Martin-Polo, L., Martino, J., Martin-Porqueras, F., Mateos, I., McNamara, P. W., Mendes, J., Mendes, L., Nofrarias, M., Paczkowski, S., Perreur-Lloyd, M., Petiteau, A., Pivato, P., Plagnol, E., Ramos-Castro, J., Reiche, J., Robertson, D. I., Rivas, F., Russano, G., Slutsky, J., Sopuerta, C. F., Sumner, T., Texier, D., Thorpe, J. I., Vetrugno, D., Vitale, S., Wanner, G., Ward, H., Wass, P., Weber, W. J., Wissel, L., Wittchen, A., and Zweifel, P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: LISA Pathfinder (LPF) was a European Space Agency mission with the aim to test key technologies for future space-borne gravitational-wave observatories like LISA. The main scientific goal of LPF was to demonstrate measurements of differential acceleration between free-falling test masses at the sub-femto-g level, and to understand the residual acceleration in terms of a physical model of stray forces, and displacement readout noise. A key step toward reaching the LPF goals was the correct calibration of the dynamics of LPF, which was a three-body system composed by two test-masses enclosed in a single spacecraft, and subject to control laws for system stability. In this work, we report on the calibration procedures adopted to calculate the residual differential stray force per unit mass acting on the two test-masses in their nominal positions. The physical parameters of the adopted dynamical model are presented, together with their role on LPF performance. The analysis and results of these experiments show that the dynamics of the system was accurately modeled and the dynamical parameters were stationary throughout the mission. Finally, the impact and importance of calibrating system dynamics for future space-based gravitational wave observatories is discussed.
Published: 2018
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47. Characteristics and energy dependence of recurrent galactic cosmic-ray flux depressions and of a Forbush decrease with LISA Pathfinder

Author: Armano, M., Audley, H., Baird, J., Bassan, M., Benella, S., Binetruy, P., Born, M., Bortoluzzi, D., Cavalleri, A., Cesarini, A., Cruise, A. M., Danzmann, K., Silva, M. de Deus, Diepholz, I., Dixon, G., Dolesi, R., Fabi, M., Ferraioli, L., Ferroni, V., Finetti, N., Fitzsimons, E. D., Freschi, M., Gesa, L., Gibert, F., Giardini, D., Giusteri, R., Grimani, C., Grzymisch, J., Harrison, I., Heinzel, G., Hewitson, M., Hollington, D., Hoyland, D., Hueller, M., Inchauspé, H., Jennrich, O., Jetzer, P., Karnesis, N., Kaune, B., Korsakova, N., Killow, C. J., Laurenza, M., Lobo, J. A., Lloro, I., Liu, L., López-Zaragoza, J. P., Maarschalkerweerd, R., Mance, D., Martín, V., Martin-Polo, L., Martino, J., Martin-Porqueras, F., Mateos, I., McNamara, P. W., Mendes, J., Mendes, L., Nofrarias, M., Paczkowski, S., Perreur-Lloyd, M., Petiteau, A., Pivato, P., Plagnol, E., Ramos-Castro, J., Reiche, J., Robertson, D. I., Rivas, F., Russano, G., Sabbatini, F., Slutsky, J., Sopuerta, C. F., Sumner, T., Telloni, D., Texier, D., Thorpe, J. I., Vetrugno, D., Vitale, S., Wanner, G., Ward, H., Wass, P., Weber, W. J., Wissel, L., Wittchen, A., Zambotti, A., Zanoni, C., and Zweifel, P.
Subjects: Physics - Space Physics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: Galactic cosmic-ray (GCR) energy spectra observed in the inner heliosphere are modulated by the solar activity, the solar polarity and structures of solar and interplanetary origin. A high counting rate particle detector (PD) aboard LISA Pathfinder (LPF), meant for subsystems diagnostics, was devoted to the measurement of galactic cosmic-ray and solar energetic particle integral fluxes above 70 MeV n$^{-1}$ up to 6500 counts s$^{-1}$. PD data were gathered with a sampling time of 15 s. Characteristics and energy-dependence of GCR flux recurrent depressions and of a Forbush decrease dated August 2, 2016 are reported here. The capability of interplanetary missions, carrying PDs for instrument performance purposes, in monitoring the passage of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) is also discussed.
Published: 2018
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48. Transcriptome sequencing of the human pathogen Corynebacterium diphtheriae NCTC 13129 provides detailed insights into its transcriptional landscape and into DtxR-mediated transcriptional regulation

Author: Wittchen, Manuel, Busche, Tobias, Gaspar, Andrew H, Lee, Ju Huck, Ton-That, Hung, Kalinowski, Jörn, and Tauch, Andreas
Subjects: Human Genome, Genetics, Underpinning research, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Infection, Bacterial Proteins, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, DNA-Binding Proteins, Diphtheria, Diphtheria Toxin, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Genetic Variation, Genome, Bacterial, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Humans, Iron, Operon, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Transcriptome, Transcriptome sequencing, RNA-Seq, Transcription start site, Promoter, DtxR, Diphtheria toxin, Biological Sciences, Information and Computing Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Bioinformatics
Abstract: BackgroundThe human pathogen Corynebacterium diphtheriae is the causative agent of diphtheria. In the 1990s a large diphtheria outbreak in Eastern Europe was caused by the strain C. diphtheriae NCTC 13129. Although the genome was sequenced more than a decade ago, not much is known about its transcriptome. Our aim was to use transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) to close this knowledge gap and gain insights into the transcriptional landscape of a C. diphtheriae tox+ strain.ResultsWe applied two different RNA-Seq techniques, one to retrieve 5'-ends of primary transcripts and the other to characterize the whole transcriptional landscape in order to gain insights into various features of the C. diphtheriae NCTC 13129 transcriptome. By examining the data we identified 1656 transcription start sites (TSS), of which 1202 were assigned to genes and 454 to putative novel transcripts. By using the TSS data promoter regions recognized by the housekeeping sigma factor σA and its motifs were analyzed in detail, revealing a well conserved -10 but an only weakly conserved -35 motif, respectively. Furthermore, with the TSS data 5'-UTR lengths were explored. The observed 5'-UTRs range from zero length (leaderless transcripts), which make up 20% of all genes, up to over 450 nt long leaders, which may harbor regulatory functions. The C. diphtheriae transcriptome consists of 471 operons which are further divided into 167 sub-operon structures. In a differential expression analysis approach, we discovered that genetic disruption of the iron-sensing transcription regulator DtxR, which controls expression of diphtheria toxin (DT), causes a strong influence on general gene expression. Nearly 15% of the genome is differentially transcribed, indicating that DtxR might have other regulatory functions in addition to regulation of iron metabolism and DT. Furthermore, our findings shed light on the transcriptional landscape of the DT encoding gene tox and present evidence for two tox antisense RNAs, which point to a new way of transcriptional regulation of toxin production.ConclusionsThis study presents extensive insights into the transcriptome of C. diphtheriae and provides a basis for future studies regarding gene characterization, transcriptional regulatory networks, and regulation of the tox gene in particular.
Published: 2018

49. Sometimes I feel the fear of uncertainty: How intolerance of uncertainty and trait anxiety impact fear acquisition, extinction and the return of fear

Author: Wroblewski, Adrian, Hollandt, Maike, Yang, Yunbo, Ridderbusch, Isabelle C., Pietzner, Anne, Szeska, Christoph, Lotze, Martin, Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Heinig, Ingmar, Pittig, Andre, Arolt, Volker, Koelkebeck, Katja, Rothkopf, Constantin A., Adolph, Dirk, Margraf, Jürgen, Lueken, Ulrike, Pauli, Paul, Herrmann, Martin J., Winkler, Markus H., Ströhle, Andreas, Dannlowski, Udo, Kircher, Tilo, Hamm, Alfons O., Straube, Benjamin, and Richter, Jan
Published: 2022
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50. The transcriptomic landscape of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense during magnetosome biomineralization

Author: Riese, Cornelius N., Wittchen, Manuel, Jérôme, Valérie, Freitag, Ruth, Busche, Tobias, Kalinowski, Jörn, and Schüler, Dirk
Published: 2022
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