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Recurrent respiratory infections (RRIs) in children remain a pertinent issue in modern medicine. According to literary data, the prevalence of this phenomenon can reach up to a quarter of the child population. RRIs adversely affect a child’s physical development, social adaptation, and give rise to intra-family conflicts. Purpose - to investigate the contribution of psychological predictors from the mother’s perspective in the development of recurrent courses of respiratory infections in their young school-age children. Materials and methods. The study included surveys of mothers (Spielberger-Hanin State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Varga-Stolin Parenting Attitudes Test) and their children (R. Temple, M. Dorki, E. Amen “Choose a face” projective test). The main group comprised children aged 5-7 years with RRIs according to the criteria of the 2021 Inter-Society Consensus. The control group consisted of children aged 5-7 years who experienced occasional acute respiratory infections. Results. In our study, 40 families (mothers and children) participated. We found that mothers of children with RRIs had significantly higher levels of state and trait anxiety, as well as a higher score in the “Cooperation” parenting attitude model compared to the control group. In the structure of the anxiety phenomenon in mothers of children from the main group, 43% of cases exhibited high anxiety levels. Additionally, a high score in maternal personal anxiety correlated with a predominant choice of ineffective parenting models. Conclusions. Mothers of children with a RRI have significantly higher levels of situational and personal anxiety (p

Introduction. Human resources policy issues in medicine have always played a significant role in ensuring quality medical care for the population. Young specialists face high labor market demands and constant management pressure, without having ready adaptation strategies. The beginning of a success story is always challenging, and sometimes the impostor syndrome can have its influence. Persistent self-doubt leads to emotional exhaustion and the development of a cynical attitude towards others, which can further transform into burnout syndrome. THE AIM: To analyze the prevalence of the impostor phenomenon among young doctors in the field of “General Practice – Family Medicine” and explore potential correlations with burnout syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS. We conducted an anonymous cross-sectional survey of 27 young family doctors using The Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale and Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel. The research procedure adhered to accepted moral norms, rights, interests, and personal dignity of the participants, in line with the principles of bioethics outlined in the Helsinki Declaration “Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects” and the “Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights (UNESCO)”. RESULTS. All respondents demonstrated a certain level of impostor syndrome severity, which might be related to a shift in professional role – the transition from intern to independent practitioner – a family doctor. Every fourth intern already showed signs of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, with 7% having developed burnout syndrome. It is not excluded that these changes are linked to working conditions and military actions on the territory of Ukraine. CONCLUSIONS. Nearly half of the respondents were categorized under intermediate burnout syndrome profiles (Overloaded, Ineffective, Detached), which can be corrected with timely identification and effective management. Without exception, all respondents exhibited various degrees of the impostor phenomenon. The impostor syndrome is closely related to emotional exhaustion (p=0.002) and depersonalization (p=0.000214) within the structure of burnout syndrome, allowing for the development of new correction approaches and optimization of burnout prevention strategies.

Global turbulence and uncertainty force civil servants and executors to optimise public finance distribution. The COVID-19 pandemic aligned with the necessity of assessing the efficiency of healthcare financing due to its capability in overcoming the negative consequences. The paper analyses the peculiarities of healthcare financing in 34 European countries and points out trends and changes in its structure and dynamics. It also realises cluster analysis to reveal models of healthcare financing and their specific features. Panel data regression analysis was used to assess the efficiency of healthcare financing within each cluster by clarifying the relationship between healthcare expenditures and public health outcome—life expectancy. The distributed lag model was also used to test for time lags between financial inflows in healthcare and its outcome. Empirical results highlight key tips for optimising healthcare financing and creating the benchmark model.

Impact of coronavirus disease on sustainable growth and food security is dramatically negative. Despite significant number of publications focused on food security and coronavirus disease issues, a deeper analysis of food security damages activated by COVID-19 is necessary. This determines the main task of this research. Theoretical block of the study involves bibliometric analysis of relevant Scopus publications using VOSviewer. Empirical block of the study involves: 1) formation of Food Security Index for 15 European countries based on a combination of Principal Component Analysis, ranking, Fishburn formula and additive convolution; 2) panel data regression modelling aimed at clarifying impact of macroeconomic indicators and healthcare expenditures on food security during 2000–2021 (model 1), 2000–2019 (model 2) and 2020–2021 (model 3). Model 1 demonstrates that 1% increase in current health care expenditures leads to 0.003 units increase in Food Security Index; impact of the dummy variable characterizing COVID-19 pandemic is also positive. Model 2 demonstrates similar results. Model 3 confirms only positive and statistically significant impact of trade and agricultural land on Food Security Index. The results can be useful to government officials for adjusting political measures in food governance, political decision-making and good governance, recovery of sustainable growth in post-pandemic period.

Global turbulence and uncertainty force civil servants and executors to optimise public finance distribution. The COVID-19 pandemic aligned with the necessity of assessing the efficiency of healthcare financing due to its capability in overcoming the negative consequences. The paper analyses the peculiarities of healthcare financing in 34 European countries and points out trends and changes in its structure and dynamics. It also realises cluster analysis to reveal models of healthcare financing and their specific features. Panel data regression analysis was used to assess the efficiency of healthcare financing within each cluster by clarifying the relationship between healthcare expenditures and public health outcome—life expectancy. The distributed lag model was also used to test for time lags between financial inflows in healthcare and its outcome. Empirical results highlight key tips for optimising healthcare financing and creating the benchmark model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute respiratory viral diseases continue to dominate among the causes for seeking medical help. In the pediatric population, about 60 % of cases have a recurrent course, which in turn often leads to the development of post-viral asthenic syndrome. In such children, one can find rapid fatigability, attention disorders and inability to concentrate, impaired information processing, emotional lability, and sleep disorders. All this disrupts the usual way of life of both the child and his relatives that undoubtedly requires the treatment of this condition and complete restoration of the state of the body after episodes of acute respiratory diseases. Phytotherapy has found its place in the management of children with post-viral asthenia due to the polyvalence of the pharmacological action, proven efficiency, safety of long-term therapy with phytopreparations and economic attractiveness for the majority of the population. In modern realities, phytotherapy is used as a reductive therapy, which makes up for the lack of products of intermediate metabolism in the body; as detoxification therapy that provides adsorption or chemical binding of exo- and endotoxins, increasing the body’s resistance to them and stimulating the excretory systems. It is important to use the neurotropic, immunotropic, hormone-like action of biologically active substances of plants; natural compounds, actively modifying the functions of regulatory systems, have prospects in the treatment of complex diseases. Analysis of the search databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, RSCI, Index Copernicus, BMJ, MEDLINE on the possibility of use, efficacy and safety of phytocomponents of Alleva in children of different ages with symptoms of post-viral asthenia allowed to ensure the application of this drug to control manifestations of asthenic syndrome. The article analyzes the options for correcting childhood asthenia with dry concentrates of linden flowers, lemon balm, chamomile, extracts of passionflower, hop, orange tree and lavender.

The problem of postcovidal syndrome is currently relevant, since in the stabilization of vital functions, the processes of immunological inflammation with significant disorders of endothelium functions continue; this causes tissue ischemization, especially in the presence of changes at the level of microcirculation in patients with angiopathy and vasculopathy. It is noted that in COVID-19 comorbidity with hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, systemic connective tissue diseases the risks, course, prognosis and development of vascular complications significantly increase. The severity of the inflammatory process and predicting the likelihood of complications is accompanied by changes in laboratory indicators, namely: in the general blood test – leukocytosis, an increase in the level of neitrophilic granulocytes, a decrease in the content of hemoglobin and platelets; in biochemical indicators – a decrease in the level of the general protein, an increase in the indicators of alaninetransferase, aspartaminotransferase, C-reactive protein, lactatdehydrogenase, ferritin; coagulation changes – increase in the level of fibrinogen, D-dimer, reduction of activated partial thromboplastic time. On the basis of the considered clinical cases, taking into account modern ideas about the peculiarities of the development of thrombotic complications in COVID-19 infection in patients with ischemic lesions of the extremities, the need to prescribe low molecular weight heparin as a selection drug for the treatment of thrombophilic conditions has been proven. Detailed study of histological material is important for establishing changes at the level of microcirculation and ischemization of tissues, this will allow to develop algorithms for the treatment and prevention of complications. Solving these issues, not only in the presence of COVID-19, but also in any stressful cases, requires careful clarification of the mechanisms for the development of complications and a timely adequate integrated approach to treatment to improve and stabilize the condition of patients.

Macroeconomic stability and national security are core measurement indicators of country performance. Historical, economic, social and other prerequisites contribute to the formation of country-specific patterns of these performance indicators resistance to global turbulences such as COVID-19 pandemic. Pandemic proved that considering of public health issues in promoting economic prosperity, social welfare and environmental security is crucially important. The aim of the research is to identify country-specific (for 34 European countries) patterns of socio-economic (internal) and public health (external) drivers and inhibitors of ensuring economic growth, macroeconomic stability and national security resistance to global turbulences similar to COVID-19 pandemic. Realization of the research objectives involves the implementation of the following stages: 1) identification of the general and country-specific the most influential internal impetus indicators fostering volatility socio-economic development and national security based on multivariate analysis; 2) formation of general and country-specific matrix of influential determinants of ensuring macroeconomic stability and national security resistance to global turbulences similar to COVID-19 pandemic; 3) formalization general and country-specific external drivers and inhibitors of macroeconomic stability and national security volatility within public health determinants. The study is carried out on a sample of 34 European countries for 2000-2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Чисельні публікації, метааналізи та систематичні огляди пропонують різні підходи до лікування і профілактики гострих респіраторних вірусних інфекцій (ГРВІ), тому на сьогодні в практиці лікаря, як в Україні, так і в інших державах, існує багато різноманітних схем, протоколів, нормативних документів та професійних рекомендацій щодо ведення пацієнтів із ГРВІ. Для грамотного, ефективного та безпечного лікування і профілактики ГРВІ лікар має обрати серед національних і світових стандартів найбільш оптимальний та дієвий алгоритм ведення пацієнтів з вірусними інфекціями респіраторного тракту. Такий алгоритм в ідеалі повинен мати високий рівень доказової медицини і може бути використаний у конкретній медичній практиці з точки зору ведення і маршрутизації пацієнта. Мета — проаналізувати рівень обізнаності лікарів загальної практики — сімейної медицини щодо нормативної бази та національних протоколів ведення пацієнтів із ГРВІ в Україні та світі; вивчити думку сімейних лікарів про ефективність і безпечність застосування флавоноїдів у лікуванні і профілактиці ГРВІ. Матеріали та методи. Проведено анонімне анкетування 149 сімейних лікарів м. Дніпро і області в 2020 р. Серед респондентів було 55 (37%) лікарів із первинною спеціалізацією «Педіатрія», 37 (25%) лікарів із первинною спеціалізацією «Внутрішня медицина» і 57 (38%) лікарів із первинною спеціалізацією «Сімейний лікар». Перевірка нормальності розподілу проведена з використанням критерію Колмогорова—Смірнова. З урахуванням того, що 90% даних мали нормальний розподіл, застосовано методи параметричної статистики. Для оцінки зв'язків між бінарними ознаками використано ϕ-коефіцієнт взаємної спряженості. Критичний рівень статистичної значущості прийнято

This work is a continuation of previous studies on the relationship of high anxiety and the use of modern electronic communication tools. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of the emotional portrait of adolescent girls in the – context of their color-sensory attitude to modern communication technologies and state of anxiety. The study involved 136 girls aged 17 years (at the time of the survey). All respondents were evaluated according to standardized valid psychological methods (WAM - well-being, activity and mood), color relationship test (TCR), the method of "Multidimensional assessment of child anxiety" (MACAQ), the personal Taylor anxiety manifestation scale in the modification of Norakidze) and contained an author's questionnaire regarding the time spent in a sitting position; time spent in front of the screen of a mobile phone, tablet, laptop, PC; problems in relationships with parents. The study was conducted in accordance with the bioethical principles and provisions of the Helsinki Declaration and Good Clinical Practice (GCP). In the course of the work, it was proved that the time spent near the screens of electronic devices (phone, tablet, laptop, PC) for more than 6 hours a day is a significant factor, which is a predictive of emotional disorders in adolescent girls due to disruption of compensation mechanisms and the formation of a high level of personal anxiety, the appearance of achromatic sensory-color associations in interpersonal interactions, exacerbation of family conflicts with parents, which together indicates maladaptation and requires disruption work corrective programs.

Headache is one of the most common pathological conditions worldwide, taking into account that 45 % of the adult population has ever reported severe or disabling cephalgia. This interdisciplinary problem often requires participation of many specialists to perform comprehensive differential diagnosis and to choose the effective management. The article investigates one of the causes of the headache such as infections due to persistent viruses. The article presents a detailed clinical case of recurrent episodes of severe disabling headache in an immunocompetent female, which were accompanied by genital rash. Performed laboratory survey is discussed. Methods and efficacy of therapeutic approach during exacerbation episodes and long-term follow-up are described. The article presents international classification of primary and secondary causes of headache disorders according to the International Headache Society (2013). The spectrum of etiological causes of headache, which should be included into differential diagnosis is discussed. Attention is given to differentiation of headache as a presentation of infectious diseases, both intracranial and systemic. Considering the presented clinical case of recurrent episodes of severe headache associated with signs of genital rash, etiology of herpes simplex virus 1 + 2 is suggested. According to clinicians’ opinion, Mollaret meningitis was diagnosed in the discussed case. The article presents historical background of this diagnosis, pathogenic features of this disorder, diagnostic criteria of Mollaret meningitis, its relation to the group of benign recurrent aseptic meningitis, as well as outline of other reasons of benign meningitis. Recommended management of Mollaret meningitis and its efficacy are provided in the study. Differential diagnosis of recurrent episodes of headache should include a long list of causes and often requires collaboration of different specialists. The combination of recurrent pain of any localization, such as cephalalgia with neurologic or somatic pathology, includes herpes simplex virus 1 + 2 infection in the clinical and laboratory differential diagnosis. When establishing the diagnosis of recurrent aseptic meningitis, such as Mollaret meningitis, first line etiotropic drugs are derivatives of acyclovir unless another cause of serous meningitis is confirmed. The use of acyclovir derivatives with recurrent aseptic meningitis, including Mollaret meningitis, can be justified on the basis of clinical signs in cases when exact etiotropic confirmation is complicated. This therapy should be performed as a long-term suppressive chemotherapy, duration and efficacy of which should be established during further clinical evaluation, considering absence of headache relapses and other clinical presentations.

Dramatical fall in economic growth both in terms of COVID-19 pandemic and military threats actualizes the need to identify the drivers and inhibitors of ensuring the country competitiveness. Instead, in the conditions of intense load on the public health system caused by both the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and military threats, the definition of these drivers and inhibitors among public health factors is of critical importance. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of public health factors on the level of the country's competitiveness, as well as the change of these causal patterns in the context of the unfolding of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). For the empirical implementation of the research goal, several hypotheses have been formed: hypothesis 1 – improving the efficiency of the public health system has a positive effect on the country's competitiveness (both in pre-pandemic and pandemic periods); hypothesis 2 – in the context of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase in the significance of the influence of public health factors on the level of the country's competitiveness. The study involves the implementation of several stages: 1) formation of an integral index of the country's competitiveness; 2) modelling the impact of public health factors on the level of the country's competitiveness in the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. Modelling of the influence of public health factors on the level of the country's competitiveness was carried out using panel data regression modelling and the Hausman test in the Stata/SE 14.2 software. The implementation of the theoretical part of the study proved the existence of five contextual clusters of scientific research on ensuring the country's competitiveness in the context of the spread of the coronavirus pandemic. The results of the practical approbation of the developed approach made it possible to partially confirm hypothesis 1 (among the factors characterizing the effectiveness of the public health system, only the birth rate, mortality rate, life expectancy, and number of hospital beds had a statistically significant impact on the country's competitiveness, while neither current nor capital expenditures on health care did not have a significant impact) and to confirm hypothesis 2 (in the context of the unfolding of the pandemic, the influence of relevant public health factors on the country's competitiveness increased). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to the investigation of environmental, energy and economic security by multivariate analysis methods. A set of indicators selected for research conducting includes 9 parameters for each security type. Study sample is formed by data for 6 Eastern European countries (Ukraine, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Hungary and Slovak Republic) for the period 2000–2019. Empirical study was conducted by factor analysis, which allowed identifying the main components of environmental, energy and economic security. Comparison of the results obtained for the studied countries showed differentiation of individual profiles of such types of security. Investigation of integral vectors of environmental, energy and economic security showed the highest level of interaction between energy and environmental security and the lowest one between energy and economic security.

The aim of the paper is to analyse peculiarities of building an environmental tax systems, examining the level of their convergent (divergent) relationships. Main contribution of the paper lies in testing of the hypothesis of existing convergence processes in architecture of environmental tax systems of European countries (as the United Kingdom, Germany, Poland, Slovenia, Latvia, Lithuania and the Czech Republic) on the basis of panel data analysis for the set of European countries using the regression model in Stata 12/SE and MS Excel. Testing the hypothesis about the existence of convergence in construction of environmental tax system of the above mentioned European countries was realized on the base of analysis of coefficients of panel data regression analysis (both fixed effects and random effects models) – for beta convergence and variation coefficient – for sigma convergence. Such parameters as environmental tax revenue (for air pollution) to general tax revenues ratio, %; environmental tax revenue (for water pollution) to general tax revenues ratio, %; environmental tax revenue (for waste management) to general tax revenues ratio, % were chosen as measures of environmental tax system characteristics. Empirical research results confirmed hypothesis of the presence of β-convergence and σ-convergence in the context environmental tax systems of chosen countries.

On the basis of comprehensive survey with integrative assessment of health state (medical history data, physical examination, anthropometry, battery of psychological tests (Eysenck, Shmishek’s Personality Inventory (teen version), tapping - test by E.P. Ilyin, children's questionnaire of neuroses; test for rapid assessment of health, activity and mood, anxiety diagnosis by Spielberg - Khanin; Luscher test, color relations test) level of adaptation was defined in 236 children from orphanages aged from 4 to 18 years. The manifestations of maladjustment were registered both on psychological level (neuroticism, high anxiety, decreased performance, activity and psychological endurance, sleep disturbance, presence of accentuation and neurotic disorders) and somatic level (recurrent acute respiratory infections, poor physical development, exacerbation of chronic foci of infection and burdened biological history); this summarizes conclusions on a low level of health status of children in orphanages. The author has developed mathematical models of adaptation assessment and prediction of desadaptation, which allowed to identify children at risk for the development of adaptation disorders and children with maladjustment; according to the level and severity of maladaptive disorders correction programs are designed.

On the basis of comprehensive survey with integrative assessment of health state (medical history data, physical examination, anthropometry, battery of psychological tests (Eysenck, Shmishek’s Personality Inventory (teen version), tapping - test by E.P. Ilyin, children's questionnaire of neuroses; test for rapid assessment of health, activity and mood, anxiety diagnosis by Spielberg - Khanin; Luscher test, color relations test) level of adaptation was defined in 236 children from orphanages aged from 4 to 18 years. The manifestations of maladjustment were registered both on psychological level (neuroticism, high anxiety, decreased performance, activity and psychological endurance, sleep disturbance, presence of accentuation and neurotic disorders) and somatic level (recurrent acute respiratory infections, poor physical development, exacerbation of chronic foci of infection and burdened biological history); this summarizes conclusions on a low level of health status of children in orphanages. The author has developed mathematical models of adaptation assessment and prediction of desadaptation, which allowed to identify children at risk for the development of adaptation disorders and children with maladjustment; according to the level and severity of maladaptive disorders correction programs are designed.

This article presents data on the incidence of acute otitis media in the population that make this problem actual in the practice of general practitioner — family physician. In view of evidence-based medicine data, population-based studies of spectrum of major acute otitis media pathogens and the algorithm of empirical antibiotic therapy, we have justified the possible administration of oral β-lactam antibiotic from second-generation cephalosporin group — Zinnat™.

В статье рассматриваются основные дифференцированные подходы к лечению кашля в зависимости от его характеристик и причин возникновения.