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3. Tau depletion in human neurons mitigates Aβ-driven toxicity

Author

Ng, Bryan, Vowles, Jane, Bertherat, Féodora, Abey, Ajantha, Kilfeather, Peter, Beccano-Kelly, Dayne, Stefana, M. Irina, O’Brien, Darragh P., Bengoa-Vergniory, Nora, Carling, Phillippa J., Todd, John A., Caffrey, Tara M., Connor-Robson, Natalie, Cowley, Sally A., and Wade-Martins, Richard

Published
2024
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5. Comparative main effects, mediators, and moderators of cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and emotional awareness and expression therapy for chronic spinal pain: Randomized controlled trial rationale and protocol

Author

John W. Burns, Mark A. Lumley, Kevin E. Vowles, Mark P. Jensen, Melissa A. Day, Howard Schubiner, Emma Jaszczak, Britney Abro, Sarah H. Addicks, Michael J. Bordieri, Michael M. Dow, Shoshana Krohner, Zyanya Mendoza, Eric C. Meyer, Danielle Z. Miro, Hallie Tankha, David S. Tubman, Jolin B. Yamin, and Dokyoung S. You

Subjects
Chronic pain, Psychological therapy, Mechanism, Mediator, Moderator, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Background: Chronic spinal (back/neck) pain is common and costly. Psychosocial treatments are available but have modest effects. Knowledge of treatment mechanisms (mediators and moderators) can be used to enhance efficacy. Trials that directly compare different treatments are needed to determine which mechanisms are treatment-specific, which are shared across treatments, and which contribute the most to outcomes. Methods: We will conduct a 4-arm randomized, controlled clinical trial to compare the main effects, mediators, and moderators of three pain therapies: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and Emotional Awareness and Expression Therapy in adults with chronic spinal pain. Following baseline assessment of outcomes variables (two primary outcomes: pain intensity and pain interference) and potential mediators and moderators, we will randomize participants (up to 460) to one of the treatments or usual care control. Treatments will be conducted individually each week for 8 weeks via telehealth. We will conduct weekly assessments of both potential mediators and outcomes, as well as post-treatment and 6-month follow-up assessments. We will test whether any of the therapies is superior to the others (Aim 1); identify mediators that are specific to treatments and those that are shared across treatments (Aim 2); and identify baseline moderators that are specific to treatments or shared across treatments, and moderated mediators of treatments (Aim 3). Discussion: The findings from this project can be used to improve the effects of psychosocial chronic pain treatments by identifying the most powerful specific and shared mechanisms and revealing for whom the mediator-outcome pathways are strongest.

Published
2025
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6. Rationale and design of a multisite randomized clinical trial examining an integrated behavioral treatment for veterans with co-occurring chronic pain and opioid use disorder: The pain and opioids integrated treatment in veterans (POSITIVE) trial.

Author

Vowles, Kevin E, Witkiewitz, Katie, Clarke, Erik, Schmidt, Zachary, Borsari, Brian, Edwards, Karlyn E, Korecki, J Richard, Moniz-Lewis, David I, Bondzie, Juliana A, Mullins, Chloe, Thoreson, Claire I, Delacruz, Joannalyn, Wilkins, Consuelo H, Nelson, Sarah, Delventura, Jennifer, Henderson, Ryan, Katz, Andrea, Hua, William, Watson, Erin, Baxley, Catherine, Canlas, Bernard R, Pendleton, Tiffany, Herbst, Ellen, and Batki, Steven

Subjects
Humans, Opioid-Related Disorders, Buprenorphine, Analgesics, Opioid, Adult, Aged, Middle Aged, Veterans, Young Adult, Chronic Pain, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Acceptance and commitment therapy, Chronic pain, Medication for opioid use disorder, Mindfulness-based relapse prevention, Opioid use disorder, Pain education, Pain Research, Drug Abuse (NIDA only), Mental Health, Prevention, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Complementary and Integrative Health, Substance Misuse, Behavioral and Social Science, Clinical Research, Neurosciences, Management of diseases and conditions, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, 6.6 Psychological and behavioural, 7.1 Individual care needs, Good Health and Well Being, Mindfulness -based relapse prevention, Medical and Health Sciences, General Clinical Medicine, Public Health
Abstract

BackgroundChronic pain and opioid use disorder (OUD) individually represent a risk to health and well-being. Concerningly, there is evidence that they are frequently co-morbid. While few treatments exist that simultaneously target both conditions, preliminary work has supported the feasibility of an integrated behavioral treatment targeting pain interference and opioid misuse. This treatment combined Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention (ACT+MBRP). This paper describes the protocol for the adequately powered efficacy study of this integrated treatment.MethodsA multisite randomized controlled trial will examine the efficacy of ACT+MBRP in comparison to a parallel education control condition, focusing on opioid safety and pain education. Participants include veterans (n = 160; 21-75 years old) recruited from three Veterans Administration (VA) Healthcare Systems with chronic pain who are on a stable dose of buprenorphine. Both conditions include twelve weekly 90 min group sessions delivered via telehealth. Primary outcomes include pain interference (Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System - Pain Interference) and hazardous opioid use (Current Opioid Misuse Measure), which will be examined at the end of the active treatment phase and through 12 months post-intervention. Secondary analyses will evaluate outcomes including pain intensity, depression, pain-related fear, and substance use, as well as treatment mechanisms.ConclusionThis study will determine the efficacy of an integrated behavioral treatment program for pain interference and hazardous opioid use among veterans with chronic pain and OUD who are prescribed buprenorphine, addressing a critical need for more integrated treatments for chronic pain and OUD.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04648228.

Published
2023

10. Fairness, tika and political science in Aotearoa New Zealand: Some 'inconvenient evidence'

Author

Jack Vowles

Subjects
political science, Aotearoa New Zealand, publication, research, Māori, Special aspects of education, LC8-6691
Abstract

This article is a rejoinder to Annie Te One and Maria Bargh’s article, published in the previous edition of The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, exploring whether the political science discipline in Aotearoa New Zealand is keeping pace with change with respect to Māori politics content in university political science programs, the number of Māori employed in the political science profession and the content of New Zealand's Political Science journal. While acknowledging the importance of their case, an assessment of the empirical evidence and further analysis of the data and the methods used by Te One and Bargh refutes their allegations in relation to all three issues. As one of the co-editors of Political Science, I note that, from 2012 to 2022, the acceptance rate of articles on Māori politics was 91.7% and that of Māori authors submitting on a Māori topic was 100%. Recognition and change are underway.

Published
2024
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13. Proportional Trends in Pediatric Opioid Prescribing Between 2005 and 2016 by Age Group, Sex, Ethnicity, Race, Language, and Payer Status from a Large Children’s Hospital in the Southwest United States

Author

Melissa Pielech, Eric Kruger, Samantha M. Portis, Khirsten J. Wilson, W. Evan Rivers, and Kevin E. Vowles

Subjects
opioids, prescribing trends, pediatrics, children, age-related differences, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract

Background/Objectives: Prescription opioid use before adulthood is typically effective for acute pain control and is also associated with adverse short- and long-term consequences. Methods: This study examined pediatric opioid prescribing trends over time across different age groups (early childhood, school age, adolescence, young adult) and sociodemographic subgroups (sex, ethnicity, race, language, payer type) from 2005 to 2016. Results: Utilizing 42,020 first outpatient opioid prescriptions for youth aged 0–21 years from a large US children’s hospital, this research found notable trends and disparities. Prescription rates increased by 35% from 2005–2007 to 2008–2010, then decreased by 14% from 2008–2010 to 2011–2013, and decreased again by 22% from 2011–2013 to 2014–2016. Chi-squared tests indicated significant changes in prescription rates across all sociodemographic subgroups, though only age group, ethnicity, and payer type (i.e., the party responsible for payment for hospital services) had changes with non-negligible effect sizes (Cramer’s V). Specifically, age group showed small to medium effects (V = 0.16), while ethnicity and payer demonstrated small effects (V = 0.10 each). This study highlights variations in opioid prescribing trends, particularly among different age groups, ethnicities, and payer statuses up to 2016. Conclusions: These findings reveal differing trends in pediatric opioid prescribing during the peak of the opioid epidemic, highlighting the importance of considering age and sociodemographic variables for understanding prescribing patterns fully and raising potential concerns about inequities in pain management. Future studies should explore similar trends from 2016 onward.

Published
2024
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14. Herbivore–shrub interactions influence ecosystem respiration and biogenic volatile organic compound composition in the subarctic

Author

C. G. Brachmann, T. Vowles, R. Rinnan, M. P. Björkman, A. Ekberg, and R. G. Björk

Subjects
Ecology, QH540-549.5, Life, QH501-531, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Arctic ecosystems are warming nearly 4 times faster than the global average, which is resulting in plant community shifts and subsequent changes in biogeochemical processes such as gaseous fluxes. Additionally, herbivores shape plant communities and thereby may alter the magnitude and composition of ecosystem respiration and biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions. Here we determine the effect of large mammalian herbivores on ecosystem respiration and BVOC emissions in two southern and two northern sites in Swedish Scandes, encompassing mountain birch (LOMB) and shrub heath (LORI) communities in the south and low-herb meadow (RIGA) and shrub heath (RIRI) communities in the north. Herbivory significantly altered BVOC composition between sites and decreased ecosystem respiration at RIGA. The difference in graminoid cover was found to have a large effect on ecosystem respiration between sites as RIGA, with the highest cover, had 35 % higher emissions than the next highest-emitting site (LOMB). Additionally, LOMB had the highest emissions of terpenes, with the northern sites having significantly lower emissions. Differences between sites were primarily due to differences in exclosure effects and soil temperature and the prevalence of different shrub growth forms. Our results suggest that herbivory has a significant effect on trace gas fluxes in a productive meadow community and that differences between communities may be driven by differences in shrub composition.

Published
2023
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16. The development of a core outcome set for studies of pregnant women with multimorbidity

Author

Lee, Siang Ing, Hanley, Stephanie, Vowles, Zoe, Plachcinski, Rachel, Moss, Ngawai, Singh, Megha, Gale, Chris, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis, Azcoaga-Lorenzo, Amaya, Subramanian, Anuradhaa, Taylor, Beck, Nelson-Piercy, Catherine, Damase-Michel, Christine, Yau, Christopher, McCowan, Colin, O’Reilly, Dermot, Santorelli, Gillian, Dolk, Helen, Hope, Holly, Phillips, Katherine, Abel, Kathryn M., Eastwood, Kelly-Ann, Kent, Lisa, Locock, Louise, Loane, Maria, Mhereeg, Mohamed, Brocklehurst, Peter, McCann, Sharon, Brophy, Sinead, Wambua, Steven, Hemali Sudasinghe, Sudasing Pathirannehelage Buddhika, Thangaratinam, Shakila, Nirantharakumar, Krishnarajah, and Black, Mairead

Published
2023
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17. Key outcomes for reporting in studies of pregnant women with multiple long-term conditions: a qualitative study

Author

Lee, Siang Ing, Hanley, Stephanie, Vowles, Zoe, Plachcinski, Rachel, Azcoaga-Lorenzo, Amaya, Taylor, Beck, Nelson-Piercy, Catherine, McCowan, Colin, O’Reilly, Dermot, Hope, Holly, Abel, Kathryn M., Eastwood, Kelly-Ann, Locock, Louise, Singh, Megha, Moss, Ngawai, Brophy, Sinead, Nirantharakumar, Krishnarajah, Thangaratinam, Shakila, and Black, Mairead

Published
2023
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18. Targeted health and social care interventions for women and infants who are disproportionately impacted by health inequalities in high-income countries: a systematic review

Author

Khan, Zahra, Vowles, Zoe, Fernandez Turienzo, Cristina, Barry, Zenab, Brigante, Lia, Downe, Soo, Easter, Abigail, Harding, Seeromanie, McFadden, Alison, Montgomery, Elsa, Page, Lesley, Rayment-Jones, Hannah, Renfrew, Mary, Silverio, Sergio A., Spiby, Helen, Villarroel-Williams, Nazmy, and Sandall, Jane

Published
2023
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19. Polypharmacy during pregnancy and associated risk factors: a retrospective analysis of 577 medication exposures among 1.5 million pregnancies in the UK, 2000-2019

Author

Subramanian, Anuradhaa, Azcoaga-Lorenzo, Amaya, Anand, Astha, Phillips, Katherine, Lee, Siang Ing, Cockburn, Neil, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis, Damase-Michel, Christine, Yau, Christopher, McCowan, Colin, O’Reilly, Dermot, Santorelli, Gillian, Hope, Holly, Kennedy, Jonathan I., Abel, Kathryn M., Eastwood, Kelly-Ann, Locock, Louise, Black, Mairead, Loane, Maria, Moss, Ngawai, Plachcinski, Rachel, Thangaratinam, Shakila, Brophy, Sinead, Agrawal, Utkarsh, Vowles, Zoe, Brocklehurst, Peter, Dolk, Helen, Nelson-Piercy, Catherine, and Nirantharakumar, Krishnarajah

Published
2023
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21. Repeat placental growth factor-based testing in women with suspected preterm pre-eclampsia (PARROT-2): a multicentre, parallel-group, superiority, randomised controlled trial

Author

Ahuja, Ashwin, Alexander, Hazel, Arya, Rita, Bahl, Rachna, Bapir, Mihraban, Barry, Natalie, Basak, Sambita, Bishop, Linda, Biswas, Chandrima, Campbell, Deniesha, Chados, Nikolaos, Davies, Sarah, Davison, Jessica, Dudgeon, Lucy, Ferry, Orla, Ficquet, Jo, Girling, Jo, Gowans, Sharon, Hewitt, Lesley, Hinshaw, Kim, Holt, Siobhan, Jack, Elaine, Jennings, Jacqui, Maher, Martin, McBean, Mel, McDonnell, Sian, Mehta, Anku, Morris, Katie, O'Brien, Clare, Obiozo, Chinwe, Peers, Beth, Pickering, Francis, Regan, Maeve, Rich, Mel, Roughley, Lindsay, Ryan, Grace, Sharp, Andrew, Smart, Brittany, Smith, Annabel, Stirrat, Laura, Thompson, Hilary, Trepte, Lauren, Verghese, Lynda, Willson, Seren, Yulia, Angela, Hurrell, Alice, Webster, Louise, Sparkes, Jenie, Battersby, Cheryl, Brockbank, Anna, Clark, Katherine, Duhig, Kate E, Gill, Carolyn, Green, Marcus, Hunter, Rachael M, Seed, Paul T, Vowles, Zoe, Myers, Jenny, Shennan, Andrew H, and Chappell, Lucy C

Published
2024
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25. Chalk stream restoration: Physical and ecological responses to gravel augmentation.

Author

Lewis A Dolman, Andrew S Vowles, and Paul S Kemp

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

To mitigate the morphological and ecological impacts of direct (e.g. dredging) and indirect (e.g. damaged river function) sediment loss, gravel augmentation is commonly practiced in river systems globally. Despite this, the effectiveness of this practice remains poorly understood, especially in less often considered systems such as chalk streams which present uncommon conditions (e.g. low stream power, stable flow) and may respond to interventions in ways that differ from systems more commonly studied. This study quantified immediate (0-1 years) and short-term (1-2 years) physical and ecological responses to gravel augmentation at two English chalk stream restoration sites: Home Stream (HS; River Test) and East Lodge (EL; River Itchen). We quantified habitat (depth, velocity, substrate composition), cover of different macrophytes, and macroinvertebrate (before-after-control-impact) abundance and community structure. Restoration reduced depth and increased gravel cover in both sites and decreased the cover of filamentous green algae in HS. Macroinvertebrate communities became more dominated by silt-intolerant taxa, while abundance [HS only] and taxon richness increased 1-2 years post-restoration. Whilst the responses found were generally positive in light of the restoration goals, the effects varied across sites, post-restoration time periods and ecological groups, emphasising the need for the more holistic monitoring of restoration projects considering community-level responses at different sites and systems over ecologically relevant timescales. This will help inform on the generality and longevity of responses and provide the evidence needed to develop sound restoration practice.

Published
2024
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26. Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome.

Author

Thomas, H, Bjorkman, A, Myers-Smith, I, Elmendorf, S, Kattge, J, Diaz, S, Vellend, M, Blok, D, Cornelissen, J, Forbes, B, Henry, G, Hollister, R, Normand, S, Prevéy, J, Rixen, C, Schaepman-Strub, G, Wilmking, M, Wipf, S, Cornwell, W, Beck, P, Georges, D, Goetz, S, Guay, K, Rüger, N, Soudzilovskaia, N, Spasojevic, Marko, Alatalo, J, Alexander, H, Anadon-Rosell, A, Angers-Blondin, S, Te Beest, M, Berner, L, Björk, R, Buchwal, A, Buras, A, Carbognani, M, Christie, K, Collier, L, Cooper, E, Elberling, B, Eskelinen, A, Frei, E, Grau, O, Grogan, P, Hallinger, M, Heijmans, M, Hermanutz, L, Hudson, J, Johnstone, J, Hülber, K, Iturrate-Garcia, M, Iversen, C, Jaroszynska, F, Kaarlejarvi, E, Kulonen, A, Lamarque, L, Lantz, T, Lévesque, E, Little, C, Michelsen, A, Milbau, A, Nabe-Nielsen, J, Nielsen, S, Ninot, J, Oberbauer, S, Olofsson, J, Onipchenko, V, Petraglia, A, Rumpf, S, Shetti, R, Speed, J, Suding, K, Tape, K, Tomaselli, M, Trant, A, Treier, U, Tremblay, M, Venn, S, Vowles, T, Weijers, S, Wookey, P, Zamin, T, Bahn, M, Blonder, Benjamin, van Bodegom, P, Bond-Lamberty, B, Campetella, G, Cerabolini, B, Chapin, F, Craine, J, Dainese, M, Green, W, Jansen, S, Kleyer, M, Manning, P, Niinemets, Ü, Onoda, Y, Ozinga, W, Peñuelas, J, and Poschlod, P

Subjects
Climate, Ecosystem, Plant Development, Plants, Tundra
Abstract

The majority of variation in six traits critical to the growth, survival and reproduction of plant species is thought to be organised along just two dimensions, corresponding to strategies of plant size and resource acquisition. However, it is unknown whether global plant trait relationships extend to climatic extremes, and if these interspecific relationships are confounded by trait variation within species. We test whether trait relationships extend to the cold extremes of life on Earth using the largest database of tundra plant traits yet compiled. We show that tundra plants demonstrate remarkably similar resource economic traits, but not size traits, compared to global distributions, and exhibit the same two dimensions of trait variation. Three quarters of trait variation occurs among species, mirroring global estimates of interspecific trait variation. Plant trait relationships are thus generalizable to the edge of global trait-space, informing prediction of plant community change in a warming world.

Published
2020

31. Representation, identity and indigeneity: changes in Māori roll choice in Aotearoa-New Zealand

Author

Jack Vowles and Matthew Gibbons

Subjects
Māori, roll choice, te reo Māori, identity, Aotearoa/New Zealand, Social Sciences
Abstract

ABSTRACTIn New Zealand, also known by its Indigenous Māori name Aotearoa, voters of Māori descent have the choice between the Māori roll and the General roll. The boundaries of the seven dedicated Māori electoral districts are superimposed over those of the 65 General districts. Every five years, after the census, persons who have reported Māori descent have the option to change between electoral rolls. Choice of the Māori roll indicates a strong sense of Māori identity and a belief that it is important that the Māori seats remain to guarantee Parliamentary representation by Māori MPs, elected only by Māori. Using a unique dataset sampled from the electoral rolls, plus entire electoral rolls, we investigate roll locations and roll shifts of persons claiming Māori descent across age, gender, spatial location and other factors, merging in census local area census data to estimate linguistic contextual effects. We test hypotheses related to generational socialisation, speaking the Māori language, occupational mobility, household context, and the timing of enrolments. We confirm that identity as Māori, expressed most strongly through language context, has strong effects on Māori roll enrolment, but also find that other factors offset its impact on the number of Māori electorates.

Published
2023
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32. Post-translational proteomics platform identifies neurite outgrowth impairments in Parkinson’s disease GBA-N370S dopamine neurons

Author

Bogetofte, Helle, Ryan, Brent J., Jensen, Pia, Schmidt, Sissel I., Vergoossen, Dana L.E., Barnkob, Mike B., Kiani, Lisa N., Chughtai, Uroosa, Heon-Roberts, Rachel, Caiazza, Maria Claudia, McGuinness, William, Márquez-Gómez, Ricardo, Vowles, Jane, Bunn, Fiona S., Brandes, Janine, Kilfeather, Peter, Connor, Jack P., Fernandes, Hugo J.R., Caffrey, Tara M., Meyer, Morten, Cowley, Sally A., Larsen, Martin R., and Wade-Martins, Richard

Published
2023
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33. Rationale and design of a multisite randomized clinical trial examining an integrated behavioral treatment for veterans with co-occurring chronic pain and opioid use disorder: The pain and opioids integrated treatment in veterans (POSITIVE) trial

Author

Vowles, Kevin E., Witkiewitz, Katie, Clarke, Erik, Schmidt, Zachary, Borsari, Brian, Edwards, Karlyn E., Korecki, J. Richard, Moniz-Lewis, David I., Bondzie, Juliana A., Mullins, Chloe, Thoreson, Claire I., Delacruz, Joannalyn, Wilkins, Consuelo H., Nelson, Sarah, Delventura, Jennifer, Henderson, Ryan, Katz, Andrea, Hua, William, Watson, Erin, Baxley, Catherine, Canlas, Bernard R., Pendleton, Tiffany, Herbst, Ellen, and Batki, Steven

Published
2023
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35. A multi-center prospective study of plant-based nutritional support in adult community-based patients at risk of disease-related malnutrition

Author

Marta Delsoglio, Corbin Griffen, Rakshan Syed, Tobias Cookson, Hanorah Saliba, Amanda Vowles, Samuel Davies, Nicola Willey, Jennifer Thomas, Nicola Millen, Nour Odeh, Jayne Longstaff, Naomi Westran, Lindsey Allan, Hannah Offer, Chloe Howell, Meg Sanders, Kirsty Gaffigan, Kirby Garrett, Sally Foster, Agnes Salt, Emily Carter, Sarah Moore, Nick Bergin, Jane Roper, Joe Alvarez, Christine Voss, Teresa Connolly, Clare MacDonald, Tracey Thrower, Darren Sills, Janet Baxter, Rhonda Manning, Lynsey Gray, Karen Voas, Scot Richardson, Anne-Marie Hurren, Daniel Murphy, Susan Blake, Paul McArdle, Sinead Walsh, Lucy Booth, Louise Albrich, Sarah Ashley-Maguire, Joanna Allison, Sarah Brook, Rebecca Capener, Gary P. Hubbard, and Rebecca J. Stratton

Subjects
oral nutritional supplement, disease-related malnutrition, plant-based diet, plant-based nutritional support, vegan ONS, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641
Abstract

IntroductionThere is an emerging need for plant-based, vegan options for patients requiring nutritional support.MethodsTwenty-four adults at risk of malnutrition (age: 59 years (SD 18); Sex: 18 female, 6 male; BMI: 19.0 kg/m2 (SD 3.3); multiple diagnoses) requiring plant-based nutritional support participated in a multi-center, prospective study of a (vegan suitable) multi-nutrient, ready-to-drink, oral nutritional supplement (ONS) [1.5 kcal/mL; 300 kcal, 12 g protein/200 mL bottle, mean prescription 275 mL/day (SD 115)] alongside dietary advice for 28 days. Compliance, anthropometry, malnutrition risk, dietary intake, appetite, acceptability, gastrointestinal (GI) tolerance, nutritional goal(s), and safety were assessed.ResultsPatients required a plant-based ONS due to personal preference/variety (33%), religious/cultural reasons (28%), veganism/reduce animal-derived consumption (17%), environmental/sustainability reasons (17%), and health reasons (5%). Compliance was 94% (SD 16). High risk of malnutrition (‘MUST’ score ≥ 2) reduced from 20 to 16 patients (p = 0.046). Body weight (+0.6 kg (SD 1.2), p = 0.02), BMI (+0.2 kg/m2 (SD 0.5), p = 0.03), total mean energy (+387 kcal/day (SD 416), p 0.06) with no serious adverse events related.DiscussionThis study highlights that plant-based nutrition support using a vegan-suitable plant-based ONS is highly complied with, improving the nutritional outcomes of patients at risk of malnutrition.

Published
2023
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38. Neutralising antibody potency against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and omicron BA.1 and BA.4/5 variants in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with infliximab and vedolizumab after three doses of COVID-19 vaccine (CLARITY IBD): an analysis of a prospective multicentre cohort study

Author

Islam, Madiha, Croft, Nick, Cipriano, Bessie, Francia, Caroline, Khalid, Nosheen, Kingston, Ashley, Lee, Irish, Lehmann, Anouk, Naik, Kinnari, Samuels, Kevin, Plaatjies, Nicolene, Khatun, Hafiza, Bokth, Farjana, Pabriaga, Elise, Saich, Rebecca, Cousins, Hayley, Fraser, Wendy, Thomas, Rachel, Brown, Matthew, White, Benjamin, Kirkineziadis, Nikolaos, Tilley, Bernadette, Porter, Pennie, Bryant, Rachel, Robaczewska, Natalia, Muhammed, Rafeeq, Bi, Rehana, Cotter, Catherine, Grove, Jayne, Hong, Kate, Howman, Ruth, Mitchell, Monica, Clayton, Sophie, Rogers, Louise, Sultan, Sugrah, Rooney, Melanie, Cottrill, Charlotte, Singh, Salil, Dawe, Chris, Hull, Robert, Silva, Natalie, Chadwick, Julie, Robertson, Laura, Manning, Jonathan, Finlayson, Lauren, Roebuck, Allison, Dawson, Joy, Sonwalkar, Sunil, Chambers, Naomi, Robinson, Matthew, Haigh, Andrew, Matapure, Lear, Raine, Tim, George, Varun, Kapizioni, Christina, Strongili, Konstantina, Thompson, Tina, Ahmed, Mohamed, Kontos, Christos, Dawson, Claire, Bourges, Christophe, Barbutti, Isabella, Gozzard, Megan E, Hendy, Philip, Bull, Rhian, Costa, Patricia, Davey, Lisa, Hannington, Hayley, Nundlall, Kribashnie, Martins, Catarina, Avanzi, Laura, Carungcong, Jaime, Barr, Sabrina, Appleby, Richard, Johnson, Emma, Shakweh, Eathar, Phillis, Kath, Gascoyne, Rachel, Crowder, Amanda, Whileman, Amanda, London, Ian, Grounds, Jenny, Martin, Emmeline, Pajak, Susie, Price, Jude, Cawley, Kathryn, Powell, Sandra, Kearsley, Nichola, Dhar, Anjan, Brown, Ellen, Cowton, Amanda, Stamp, Kimberley, Warner, Ben, Stuart, Carmel, Lacey, Louise, de Silva, Shanika, Allcock, Clare, Harvey, Philip, Jones, Lesley, Cooke, Elise, Slater, Jayne, King, Dominic, Brooks, Johanne, Baker, Pearl, Beadle, Hannah, Cruz, Carina, Potter, Debbie, Collum, Joe, Masters, Farzana, Kumar, Aashish, Coetzee, Samantha, Peiu, Mihaela, Icke, Becky, Williams, Jill, Raj, Meena, Gaynor, Edward, Chadokufa, Sibongile, Huggett, Bonita, Meghari, Hamza, El-Khouly, Sara, Kiparissi, Fevronia, Girshab, Waffa, Russell-Walker, Lynda, Jackson, Christopher, Sidler, Sara, Claridge, Andrew, Fowler, Emily, McCafferty, Laura, Haxton, Lesley, Irving, Peter, Christodoulides, Karolina, Clifford, Angela, Dawson, Patrick, Honap, Sailish, Lim, Samuel, Luber, Raphael, Mahiouz, Karina, Meade, Susanna, Raymode, Parizade, Reynolds, Rebecca, Stanton, Anna, Tripoli, Sherill, Hare, Naomi, Odukwe, Sopuluchukwu, Balachandran, Senthuran, North, Emma, North, Jessica, Browne, Bria, Cordle, Jessica, Jameson, Ella, Siaw, Yih Harn, Manzano, Lane, Segal, Jonathan, Al-Bakir, Ibrahim, Khakoo, Imran, Portukhay, Sofiya, Thoua, Nora, Davidson, Katherine, Miah, Jagrul, Canclini, Lisa, Hall, Alex, Furreed, Hassina, Mitchell-Inwang, Christine, Hayes, Melony, Myers, Sally, Talbot, Alison, Turnbull, Jack, Whitehead, Emma, Stamp, Katie, Pattinson, Alison, Mathew, Verghese, Sherris, Leanne, Wilcox, Julie, Ramachandran, Sankaranarayanan, Robertson, Hayley, Harvey, Angela, Hicks, Lucy, Byrne, Tara-Marie, Cabreros, Leilani, Downing-Wood, Hannah, Hunter, Sophie, Saifuddin, Mohammad Aamir, Prabhudev, Hemanth, Balarajah, Sharmili, Krucznski, Jan, Driva, Kalliopi, D'Mello, Andrea, Shah, Parith, Castro-Seoane, Rocio, Ibraheim, Hajir, Constable, Laura E, Lo, Jonathan W, Torkizadeh, Melissa, Hermangild, Sherine K, Sutherland, Helen, Wilhelmsen, Elva, Mackintosh, Katherine, Verma, Ajay M, Sebastian, Juliemol, Peerally, Mohammad Farhad, Guerdette, Anne-marie, Coburn, Susan, Novem lam, Ching Yee, Durrant, Donna, Schaefer, Belinda, Serna, Solange, Shahzad, Muhammad, Kent, Alexandra, Choong, Lee Meng, Pantaloni, Benedetta, Ravdas, Pantelis, Vadamalayan, Babu, Foley, Stephen, Arnold, Becky, Heeley, Cheryl, Lovegrove, Wayne, Sowton, Donna, Allsop, Lynne, Gregory, Heidi, Gill, Mandy, Holmes, Megan, Balan, Valeria, Smith, Susan, Turner, Sarah, Smith, Philip J, Steel, Alan, Bretland, Giovanna, King, Sarah, Lofthouse, Martina, Rigby, Lindsey, Subramanian, Sreedhar, Tyrer, David, Martin, Kate, Probert, Christopher, Kamperidis, Nikolaos, Adedoyin, Temi, Baden, Manisha, Brown, Jeannette, Chacko, Feba, Young, Lisa, Cicchetti, Michela, Saifuddin, Mohammad, Yesupatham, Priya, Gowda, Rohit, Williams, Maureen, Kemp, Karen, Akhand, Rima, Gray, Glaxy, John, Anu, John, Maya, Mohammed, Tasnim, Sathe, Diamond, Jones, Natasha, Soren, Jennifer, Sprakes, Michael, Burton, Julie, Kane, Patricia, Lupton, Stephanie, Bartholomew, Jacqueline, Denis, Elizabeth, Daniels, Alison, MacFaul, George, Scaletta, Diane, Siamia, Loria, Williams, Felicity, Green, Chloe, Ver, Zeljka, Lamb, Chris, Doona, Mary, Hogg, Ashleigh, Jeffrey, Lesley, King, Andrew, Speight, R Alexander, Doyle, Jennifer, Owen, Ruth, Haworth, Jenny, Patterson, Linda, Varnaulasingam, Vithusa, Mowat, Craig, Rice, Debbie, MacFarlane, Susan, MacLeod, Anne, Mohammed, Samera, Murray, Shona, Elliott, Anne, Anne Morris, Mary, Coke, Louise, Hindle, Grace, Kolokouri, Eirini, Wright, Catherine, Lee, Claire, Ward, Nicola, Dann, Adele, Lockett, Melanie, Cranfield, Charlotte, Jennings, Louise, Srivastava, Ankur, Ward, Lana, Jeynes, Nouf, Ranga, Poonam, Rajasekhar, Praveen, Gallagher, Lisa, Ward, Jill, Basnett, Rae, Murphy, Judy, Parking, Lauren, Lawson, Emma, Short, Stacey, Devadason, David, Moran, Gordon, Khan, Neelam, Tarr, Lauren, Olivia, Charmaine, Warbarton, Samantha, Kelly, Sian, Limdi, Jimmy, Goulden, Kay, Javed, Asad, McKenzie, Lauren, Melville, Julie, Liu, Eleanor, Sabine, Joseph, Jacob, Patricia, McSorland, Denise, Schofield, Nick, Cornwall, Lisa, Quirke, James, Crook, Emma, Turner, Anne, Bhandari, Pradeep, Baker-Moffatt, Michelle, Dash, Joanne, Le Poidevin, Alison, Downe, Hayley, Bombeo, Lucille, Blackman, Helen, Smith, Rebecca, Wiles, Alan, Bloxham, Hannah, Dias, Jose, Nadar, Evelyn, Curgenven, Hollie, Gilham, Ellie, Macdonald, Jonathan, Finan, Shona, McMeeken, Faye, Mahmood, Misbah, Shields, Stephanie, Seenan, John Paul, DeSilva, Des, Malkakorpi, Susanna, Carson, Rachel, Lawrence, Holly, Boateng, Ofori, Kpodo, Felix, Whiteoak, Simon, Edger-Earley, Kelli, Vamplew, Luke, Samways, Joanna, Roffe, Sue, Ingram, Sarah, James, Joel, Botfield, Sharon, Hammonds, Fiona, James, Clare, Berry, Zoe, Aspinall, Gemma, Hawkins, Sarah, Parkinson, Marian, Gardner-Thorpe, Helen, Marriott, Suzie, Redstone, Clare, Windak, Halina, Adam, Ana-Marie, Mabb, Hannah, Stevenson, Emma, Record, Jessica, Murray, Charles, Diaba, Cynthia, Joseph, Fexy, Pakou, Glykeria, Gleeson, Yvonne, Nunag, Annalyn, Berrill, James, Stroud, Natalie, Pothecary, Carla, Roche, Lisa, Turner, Keri, Deering, Lisa, Israel, Lynda, Baker, Evelyn, Nash, Maxine, Fagbemi, Andrew, Jennings, Felicia, Mayor, Imelda, Wilson, Jill, Wheeler, Alice, Phillips, Nicola, Gordon, John, Levell, Emma, Zagalo, Silvia, Hoad, Ina, Anil, Bindu, Russell, Richard, Henderson, Paul, Millar, Margaret, Alexakis, Christopher, Michalak, Natalia, Marriott, Cheryl, Stone, Sarah, Pristopan, Veronika, Saunders, John, Burton, Helen, Cambridge, Vanessa, Clark, Tonia, Ekblad, Charlotte, Hierons, Sarah, Katebe, Joyce, Saunsbury, Emma, Perry, Rachel, Brookes, Matthew, Davies, Kathryn, Green, Marie, Plumbe, Ann, Ormerod, Clare, Christensen, Helen, Howlett, Hannah, Keen, Anne, Ogor, Jonathan, Greenhaigh, Marie, Knowles, Karen, Yin, Shanzi, Poulaka, Maria, Anthony, Alpha, Newitt, Emily, Trim, Fiona, Casey, Ruth, Seymour, Katherine, Reed, Catherine, Joy, Lijo, Fogden, Edward, Russell, Kalisha, Hussain, Samia, Phillips, Anne, Abdulla, Muaad, Butterworth, Jeff, Adams, Colene, Carnahan, Mandy, Buckingham, Elizabeth, Childs, Danielle, Magness, Alison, Stickley, Jo, Motherwell, Nichola, Tonks, Louise, Gibson, Hannah, Wistance, Kate, Thomas, Caradog, Brinkworth, Elaine, Connor, Lynda, Cook, Amanda, Rees, Tabitha, Harford, Rachel, Farley, Sean, Jones, Marie, Wesley, Emma, Moss, Alison, Lucas, Jacob, Lorimer, Claire, Oleary, Maria, Dixon, Maxine, Goodchild, Fiona, Twenlow, Rebecca, Pawley, Corinne, Ramadas, Arvind, Tregonning, Julie, Okeke, Olaku, Jackson, Wendy, Koumoutsos, Ioannis, George, Viji, Kunhunny, Swapna, Laverick, Sophie, Anderson, Isla, Smith, Sophie, Joyce, Joan, Janarthan, Sarala, Patel, Kamal, Ali, Mariam, Mhandu, Hilda, Rana, Aleem, Spears, Katherine, Teixeira, Joana, Mencias, Mark, Seaward, Abigail, Sousa, Jessica, Said, Nooria, Soomaroo, Mark, Raspa, Valentina, Tacouri, Asha, Reps, Nicholas, Martin, Rebecca, Samakomva, Tinashe, Selinger, Christian, Carbonell, Jenelyn, Onovira, Felicia, Quartey, Doris, L'Anson, Alice, Ashworth, Andrew, Bailey, Jessica, Dunn, Angie, Bespaloi, Gjuzel, Rasalan, Harold, Mahmood, Zahid, Campbell, Racheal, Marsh, Liane, Coughlan, Tricia, Jafar, Wisam, Marrs, Janet, McPheat, Christopher, Rahman, Monira, Davies, Sarah, Habibi, Ruth, Jessup-Dunton, Ellen, Joefield, Teishel, Layug, Reina, Patel, Vinod, Vere, Joanne, Turner, Victoria, Kilroy, Susan, Coulding, Martina, Clark, Martyn, McCormick, Jacqueline, Nisar, Attiya, Walker, Gareth, Atkins, Stacey, Growdon, Jasmine, George, Becky, McNeill, Charlotte, Reed, Bryony, Foulds, Angela, Marshall, Catherine, Allison, Michele, Dillon, Briony, Cooney, Rachel, Bennett, Lillie, Bowlas, Louise, Shariff, Sharafaath, Fraser, Aileen, Punnette, Dwayne, Lambert, Rebecca, Bishop-Hurman, Charlotte, Undrell, Elizabeth, Belfield, Katherine, Din, Said, Addleton, Catherine, Appleby, Marie, Brown, Johanna, Holding, Kathleen, Fraser, Catherine, Birkenshaw, Janice, Williams, Jodie, Maulion, Kamille, Lane, Meg, Kravale, Arita, Smith, Claud, Hooper, Patricia, deCaestecker, John, Watchorn, Olivia, Clarke, Ellie, Hayward, Chris, Inniss, Susan, Pritchard, Lucy, Rudge, Karen, Carney, Amanda, Griffee, Sarah, Andreyev, Jervoise, Babu, Sathish, Hayhurst, Caroline, Lockwood, Carol, Osborne, Lynn, Roper, Amanda, Warner, Karen, Hindle, Julia, Lawrence, Tara, Netherton, Kimberley, Watt, Caroline, Szymiczek, Kinga, Mehta, Shameer, Bell, James, Blad, William, Whitley, Lisa, Jastrub, Roman, Durai, Dhamaraj, Baker, Mark, John Sivamurugan, Elizabeth, Evans, Mim, Cummings, Fraser, Harris, Clare, Jones, Amy, Krauze, Liga, Rahmany, Sohail, Earl, Michelle, Vowles, Jenny, Torokwa, Audrey, Petrova, Mirela, Procter, Andrew, Stanley, Jo, Silvamoniz, Claudia, Bettey, Marion, Wahid, Amar, Morrison, Zoe, Thomas-Turner, Rhian, Yendle, Louise, Muller, Jennifer, Mitchell, Marcus, Kirkwood, John, Barnes, Anna, Chaudhary, Rakesh, Claridge, Melanie, Ellis, Chiara, Kemp, Cheryl, Tobi, Ogwa, Milton, Jentus, Johnston, Emma, Oblak, Metod, Winpenny, Carmen, Svensson, Marie-Louise, Godden, Jo, Ashhar, Marium, Alexander, Debbie, Covil, Kate, Derikx, Lauranne, Siakavellas, Sryros, Baxter, Helen, Robertson, Scott, Smith, Linda, Poulose, Beena, Colemam, Anne, Balint, Margareta, Rhys-Jones, Gareth, Watters, Helen, Begg, Susan, Grosalcalde, Beatriz, Coyle, Judy, Johns, Kerrie, Hughes, Rachel, Phipps, Janet, Taylor, Abigail, MacPhee, Catherine, Brooks, Suzanne, John, Jolene, Edwards, Michelle, Smith, Katie, Howard, Linda, Wood, Dianne, Muddu, Ajay, Barman, Laura, Mallinson, Janine, Neale, Tania, Ionita, Diana, Elliot, Kerry, Turnball, Alison, Thomas, Iola, Thomas, Alice, Andrews, Kelly, Sutton, Jonathon, Mulvaney Jones, Caroline, Roberts, Julia, Bishop, Jeannie, Liu, Zhigang, Le, Kaixing, Zhou, Xin, Alexander, James L, Lin, Simeng, Bewshea, Claire, Chanchlani, Neil, Nice, Rachel, McDonald, Timothy J, Lamb, Christopher A, Sebastian, Shaji, Kok, Klaartje, Lees, Charlie W, Hart, Ailsa L, Pollok, Richard C, Boyton, Rosemary J, Altmann, Daniel M, Pollock, Katrina M, Goodhand, James R, Kennedy, Nicholas A, Ahmad, Tariq, and Powell, Nick

Published
2023
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43. Content Analysis of Assessment Data in Marketing Education

Author

Vowles, Nicole, Hutto, Alexandra, and Miller, Peter Max M.

Abstract

This study analyzes a sample of students' writing to assess their understanding of marketing concepts in the context of a Principles of Marketing course. Content analysis of pre- and post-essays was used to assess student knowledge of marketing concepts. The data was collected in Principles of Marketing classes. and highlight that many students bring an advertising and sales bias into the Principles of Marketing classroom and leave with stronger ideas of relationship and value. The infrequency with which both distribution and pricing are discussed in the essays highlights the need for additional emphasis in these areas. The methodology could be applied in a variety of marketing courses and range of applications for the purpose of course- or program-wide assurance of learning.

Published
2017

45. Traditional plant functional groups explain variation in economic but not size-related traits across the tundra biome.

Author

Thomas, HJD, Myers-Smith, IH, Bjorkman, AD, Elmendorf, SC, Blok, D, Cornelissen, JHC, Forbes, BC, Hollister, RD, Normand, S, Prevéy, JS, Rixen, C, Schaepman-Strub, G, Wilmking, M, Wipf, S, Cornwell, WK, Kattge, J, Goetz, SJ, Guay, KC, Alatalo, JM, Anadon-Rosell, A, Angers-Blondin, S, Berner, LT, Björk, RG, Buchwal, A, Buras, A, Carbognani, M, Christie, K, Siegwart Collier, L, Cooper, EJ, Eskelinen, A, Frei, ER, Grau, O, Grogan, P, Hallinger, M, Heijmans, MMPD, Hermanutz, L, Hudson, JMG, Hülber, K, Iturrate-Garcia, M, Iversen, CM, Jaroszynska, F, Johnstone, JF, Kaarlejärvi, E, Kulonen, A, Lamarque, LJ, Lévesque, E, Little, CJ, Michelsen, A, Milbau, A, Nabe-Nielsen, J, Nielsen, SS, Ninot, JM, Oberbauer, SF, Olofsson, J, Onipchenko, VG, Petraglia, A, Rumpf, SB, Semenchuk, PR, Soudzilovskaia, NA, Spasojevic, MJ, Speed, JDM, Tape, KD, Te Beest, M, Tomaselli, M, Trant, A, Treier, UA, Venn, S, Vowles, T, Weijers, S, Zamin, T, Atkin, OK, Bahn, M, Blonder, B, Campetella, G, Cerabolini, BEL, Chapin Iii, FS, Dainese, M, de Vries, FT, Díaz, S, Green, W, Jackson, RB, Manning, P, Niinemets, Ü, Ozinga, WA, Peñuelas, J, Reich, PB, Schamp, B, Sheremetev, S, and van Bodegom, PM

Subjects
cluster analysis, community composition, ecosystem function, plant functional groups, plant functional types, plant traits, tundra biome, vegetation change, Ecology, Ecological Applications, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience
Abstract

AimPlant functional groups are widely used in community ecology and earth system modelling to describe trait variation within and across plant communities. However, this approach rests on the assumption that functional groups explain a large proportion of trait variation among species. We test whether four commonly used plant functional groups represent variation in six ecologically important plant traits.LocationTundra biome.Time periodData collected between 1964 and 2016.Major taxa studied295 tundra vascular plant species.MethodsWe compiled a database of six plant traits (plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, seed mass) for tundra species. We examined the variation in species-level trait expression explained by four traditional functional groups (evergreen shrubs, deciduous shrubs, graminoids, forbs), and whether variation explained was dependent upon the traits included in analysis. We further compared the explanatory power and species composition of functional groups to alternative classifications generated using post hoc clustering of species-level traits.ResultsTraditional functional groups explained significant differences in trait expression, particularly amongst traits associated with resource economics, which were consistent across sites and at the biome scale. However, functional groups explained 19% of overall trait variation and poorly represented differences in traits associated with plant size. Post hoc classification of species did not correspond well with traditional functional groups, and explained twice as much variation in species-level trait expression.Main conclusionsTraditional functional groups only coarsely represent variation in well-measured traits within tundra plant communities, and better explain resource economic traits than size-related traits. We recommend caution when using functional group approaches to predict tundra vegetation change, or ecosystem functions relating to plant size, such as albedo or carbon storage. We argue that alternative classifications or direct use of specific plant traits could provide new insights for ecological prediction and modelling.

Published
2019

48. Plant functional trait change across a warming tundra biome

Author

Bjorkman, Anne D, Myers-Smith, Isla H, Elmendorf, Sarah C, Normand, Signe, Rüger, Nadja, Beck, Pieter SA, Blach-Overgaard, Anne, Blok, Daan, Cornelissen, J Hans C, Forbes, Bruce C, Georges, Damien, Goetz, Scott J, Guay, Kevin C, Henry, Gregory HR, HilleRisLambers, Janneke, Hollister, Robert D, Karger, Dirk N, Kattge, Jens, Manning, Peter, Prevéy, Janet S, Rixen, Christian, Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela, Thomas, Haydn JD, Vellend, Mark, Wilmking, Martin, Wipf, Sonja, Carbognani, Michele, Hermanutz, Luise, Lévesque, Esther, Molau, Ulf, Petraglia, Alessandro, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A, Spasojevic, Marko J, Tomaselli, Marcello, Vowles, Tage, Alatalo, Juha M, Alexander, Heather D, Anadon-Rosell, Alba, Angers-Blondin, Sandra, Beest, Mariska te, Berner, Logan, Björk, Robert G, Buchwal, Agata, Buras, Allan, Christie, Katherine, Cooper, Elisabeth J, Dullinger, Stefan, Elberling, Bo, Eskelinen, Anu, Frei, Esther R, Grau, Oriol, Grogan, Paul, Hallinger, Martin, Harper, Karen A, Heijmans, Monique MPD, Hudson, James, Hülber, Karl, Iturrate-Garcia, Maitane, Iversen, Colleen M, Jaroszynska, Francesca, Johnstone, Jill F, Jørgensen, Rasmus Halfdan, Kaarlejärvi, Elina, Klady, Rebecca, Kuleza, Sara, Kulonen, Aino, Lamarque, Laurent J, Lantz, Trevor, Little, Chelsea J, Speed, James DM, Michelsen, Anders, Milbau, Ann, Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob, Nielsen, Sigrid Schøler, Ninot, Josep M, Oberbauer, Steven F, Olofsson, Johan, Onipchenko, Vladimir G, Rumpf, Sabine B, Semenchuk, Philipp, Shetti, Rohan, Collier, Laura Siegwart, Street, Lorna E, Suding, Katharine N, Tape, Ken D, Trant, Andrew, Treier, Urs A, Tremblay, Jean-Pierre, Tremblay, Maxime, Venn, Susanna, Weijers, Stef, Zamin, Tara, Boulanger-Lapointe, Noémie, Gould, William A, Hik, David S, Hofgaard, Annika, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S, Jorgenson, Janet, Klein, Julia, and Magnusson, Borgthor

Subjects
Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation, Biological Sciences, Ecology, Environmental Sciences, Climate Action, Biometry, Geographic Mapping, Global Warming, Humidity, Phenotype, Plant Physiological Phenomena, Plants, Soil, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Temperature, Tundra, Water, General Science & Technology
Abstract

The tundra is warming more rapidly than any other biome on Earth, and the potential ramifications are far-reaching because of global feedback effects between vegetation and climate. A better understanding of how environmental factors shape plant structure and function is crucial for predicting the consequences of environmental change for ecosystem functioning. Here we explore the biome-wide relationships between temperature, moisture and seven key plant functional traits both across space and over three decades of warming at 117 tundra locations. Spatial temperature-trait relationships were generally strong but soil moisture had a marked influence on the strength and direction of these relationships, highlighting the potentially important influence of changes in water availability on future trait shifts in tundra plant communities. Community height increased with warming across all sites over the past three decades, but other traits lagged far behind predicted rates of change. Our findings highlight the challenge of using space-for-time substitution to predict the functional consequences of future warming and suggest that functions that are tied closely to plant height will experience the most rapid change. They also reveal the strength with which environmental factors shape biotic communities at the coldest extremes of the planet and will help to improve projections of functional changes in tundra ecosystems with climate warming.

Published
2018

49. Epidemiology of pre-existing multimorbidity in pregnant women in the UK in 2018: a population-based cross-sectional study

Author

Lee, Siang Ing, Azcoaga-Lorenzo, Amaya, Agrawal, Utkarsh, Kennedy, Jonathan I., Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis, Hope, Holly, Subramanian, Anuradhaa, Anand, Astha, Taylor, Beck, Nelson-Piercy, Catherine, Damase-Michel, Christine, Yau, Christopher, Crowe, Francesca, Santorelli, Gillian, Eastwood, Kelly-Ann, Vowles, Zoe, Loane, Maria, Moss, Ngawai, Brocklehurst, Peter, Plachcinski, Rachel, Thangaratinam, Shakila, Black, Mairead, O’Reilly, Dermot, Abel, Kathryn M., Brophy, Sinead, Nirantharakumar, Krishnarajah, and McCowan, Colin

Published
2022
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