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2,235 results on '"A. Villone"'

1. Microfluidic pressure-driven flow of a pair of deformable particles suspended in Newtonian and viscoelastic media: A numerical study

Author

Esposito, Giancarlo, D'Avino, Gaetano, and Villone, Massimiliano Maria

Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter
Abstract

The manipulation and control of microparticles through non-intrusive methods is pivotal in biomedical applications such as cell sorting and cell focusing. Although several experimental and numerical studies have been dedicated to single suspended particles or clusters of rigid spheres, analogous cases with deformable particles have not been as thoroughly studied, especially when the suspending liquid exhibits relevant viscoelastic properties. With the goal of expanding the current knowledge concerning these systems, we perform a computational study on the hydrodynamic interactions between two neutrally buoyant initially spherical elastic particles suspended in Newtonian and shear-thinning viscoelastic matrices subjected to pressure-driven flow in a cylindrical microchannel. Due to the well-known focusing mechanism induced by both particle deformability and fluid elasticity, the two particles are assumed to flow at the axis of the tube. The rheological behavior of the viscoelastic continuous phase is modelled via the Giesekus constitutive equation, whereas the particles are assumed to behave as Neo-Hookean solids. The problem is tackled by employing a mixed finite element method. The effects of particle deformability, fluid elasticity, confinement ratio, and initial interparticle separation distance on the pair dynamics are investigated. The main outcome of this study is a quantitative indication of the flow conditions and spatial configurations (initial distances) under which the particles will spontaneously form organized structures. Such results are helpful to design efficient microfluidic devices with the aim of promoting particle ordering., Comment: 28 pages including references, 17 figures. Article accepted for publication in Physics of Fluids

Published
2023

2. Practical Model for the Calculation of Lateral Electromagnetic Loads in Tokamaks at Asymmetric Vertical Displacement Events (AVDEs)

Author

Sergey Sadakov, Fabio Villone, Daniel Iglesias, Luis Maqueda, Jesus Almenara-Rescalvo, Guglielmo Rubinacci, and Salvatore Ventre

Subjects
tokamak, asymmetric, vertical, parametric, model, balance, Physics, QC1-999, Plasma physics. Ionized gases, QC717.6-718.8
Abstract

This paper describes a new practical numerical model for the calculation of lateral electromagnetic (EM) loads in tokamaks during asymmetric vertical displacement events (AVDEs). The model combines key features of two recently reported trial models while avoiding their drawbacks. Their common basic feature is the superposition of two patterns of halo current: one perfectly symmetric and another perfectly anti-symmetric. This model combines the following features that have not been combined before (a) a helically distorted halo layer wrapping around core plasma, and (b) halo-to-wall interception belts slipping along plasma-facing walls. This combination almost doubles the lateral net forces. An AVDE creates significant lateral net moments. Being relatively modest at VDEs, the lateral moments become a dominant component of EM loads at AVDEs. The model carefully tracks the balance of net EM loads (zero total for the tokamak), as a necessary condition for the consequent numerical simulation of the tokamak’s dynamic response. This balance is needed as well for the development of tokamak monitoring algorithms and simulators. In order to decouple from the current uncertainties in the interpretation and simulation of AVDE physics, the model does not simulate AVDE evolution but uses it as an input assumption based on the existing interpretation and simulation of AVDE physics. This means the model is to be used in a manner of parametric study, at widely varied input assumptions on AVDE evolution and severity. Parametric results will fill a library of ready-for-use waveforms of asymmetric EM loads (distributed and total) at tokamak structures and coils, so that the physics community may point to specific variants for subsequent engineering analysis. This article presents the first practical contribution to this AVDE library.

Published
2024
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6. Biomass gasification in rotary kiln integrated with a producer gas thermal cleaning unit: An experimental investigation

Author

Cesare Freda, Enrico Catizzone, Antonio Villone, and Giacinto Cornacchia

Subjects
Bioenergy, Rotary kiln gasifier, Thermal cleaning, Tar, Particulate reduction, CO2-Assisted cleaning, Technology
Abstract

In this work, gasification of hazelnut shells grains is carried out in a bench-scale rotary kiln by using air as gasifying agent at 800 °C. The producer gas is directly treated in a thermal cleaning unit operating at 800–1100 °C with the aim to reduce the load of contaminants. The producer gas cleaning by thermal methods is usually studied by using model compounds, whilst herewith the behavior of a real producer gas is investigated. Results indicate that at high temperature CO2 reacts with tar and particulate to generate CO, thereby improving the quality of producer gas in terms of heating value, producer gas yield and contaminants content. Benzene is the most abundant organic contaminant of the producer gas, the concentration of which is significantly reduced upon thermal treatment. For the first time, a bench-scale rotary kiln gasifier with lignocellulosic biomass as feedstock is integrated with a thermal cleaning unit, providing experimental evidences about the suitability of rotary kiln for air gasification of lignocellulosic biomass and its integration with a thermal unit. The proposed approach could find application also when other types of gasifier are adopted, although a parametric study should be carried out in order to fully understand the reaction mechanism of contaminant removal and to find optimal operation conditions, also as a function of biomass feedstock features.

Published
2024
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7. Numerical study of the effects of hydrodynamic interactions among cells for microfluidic holographic cyto-tomography

Author

Angela Vitolo, Massimiliano M. Villone, and Pier Luca Maffettone

Subjects
flow cytometry, 3D phase-contrast tomography, microfluidics, hydrodynamic interactions, direct numerical simulations, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

When cells in a suspension flow through a microfluidic channel and rotate within the field of view (FOV) of a holographic microscope, they become accessible to a light beam from various angles. This allows the retrieval of a three-dimensional refractive index map for each flowing cell, essentially a 3D phase-contrast tomogram. Understanding the effects of hydrodynamic interactions among cells on their rotational behaviour during flow is crucial for designing microfluidic devices for holographic imaging. In this study, we employ direct numerical simulations to investigate the dynamics of cell clusters suspended in a Newtonian liquid under pressure-driven flow within a microfluidic channel, with the aim of clarifying the influence of hydrodynamic interactions on cell rotation.

Published
2024
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9. Label-free liquid biopsy through the identification of tumor cells by machine learning-powered tomographic phase imaging flow cytometry

Author

Daniele Pirone, Annalaura Montella, Daniele G. Sirico, Martina Mugnano, Massimiliano M. Villone, Vittorio Bianco, Lisa Miccio, Anna Maria Porcelli, Ivana Kurelac, Mario Capasso, Achille Iolascon, Pier Luca Maffettone, Pasquale Memmolo, and Pietro Ferraro

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Image-based identification of circulating tumor cells in microfluidic cytometry condition is one of the most challenging perspectives in the Liquid Biopsy scenario. Here we show a machine learning-powered tomographic phase imaging flow cytometry system capable to provide high-throughput 3D phase-contrast tomograms of each single cell. In fact, we show that discrimination of tumor cells against white blood cells is potentially achievable with the aid of artificial intelligence in a label-free flow-cyto-tomography method. We propose a hierarchical machine learning decision-maker, working on a set of features calculated from the 3D tomograms of the cells’ refractive index. We prove that 3D morphological features are adequately distinctive to identify tumor cells versus the white blood cell background in the first stage and, moreover, in recognizing the tumor type at the second decision step. Proof-of-concept experiments are shown, in which two different tumor cell lines, namely neuroblastoma cancer cells and ovarian cancer cells, are used against monocytes. The reported results allow claiming the identification of tumor cells with a success rate higher than 97% and with an accuracy over 97% in discriminating between the two cancer cell types, thus opening in a near future the route to a new Liquid Biopsy tool for detecting and classifying circulating tumor cells in blood by stain-free method.

Published
2023
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12. Efficient Numerical Solution of Coupled Axisymmetric Plasma Equilibrium and Eddy Current Problems

Author

Matteo Bonotto, Domenico Abate, Paolo Bettini, Antonio Iaiunese, Nicola Isernia, and Fabio Villone

Subjects
Eddy currents, free-boundary equilibrium, Grad-Shafranov equation, magnetic confinement fusion, magnetohydrodynamics, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

This paper presents an efficient numerical tool for solving the problem of transient nonlinear evolution of plasma equilibrium in presence of eddy currents. The code, named FRIDA-TD (FRIDA- Time Domain), and based on the existing FRIDA (FRee-boundary Integro-Differential Axisymmetric) code, exploits two different approaches for solving the elated nonlinear system of Partial Differential Equations (PDE): (i) Finite Element Method - Boundary Element Method (FEM-BEM) for plasma equilibrium, and (ii) Axisymmetric Volume Integral (AVI) formulation for eddy currents. The resulting FRIDA-TD is a fast and flexible tool suitable for engineering-oriented purposes, such as the design of Tokamak devices, set up of plasma operations, prediction of performance scenarios, and design of feedback control systems. FRIDA-TD is successfully validated at first with the well-established CarMa0NL code, and then against experimental data of the RFX-mod device.

Published
2023
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19. Experimental research on the TCV tokamak

Author

B.P. Duval, A. Abdolmaleki, M. Agostini, C.J. Ajay, S. Alberti, E. Alessi, G. Anastasiou, Y. Andrèbe, G.M. Apruzzese, F. Auriemma, J. Ayllon-Guerola, F. Bagnato, A. Baillod, F. Bairaktaris, L. Balbinot, A. Balestri, M. Baquero-Ruiz, C. Barcellona, M. Bernert, W. Bin, P. Blanchard, J. Boedo, T. Bolzonella, F. Bombarda, L. Boncagni, M. Bonotto, T.O.S.J. Bosman, D. Brida, D. Brunetti, J. Buchli, J. Buerman, P. Buratti, A. Burckhart, D. Busil, J. Caloud, Y. Camenen, A. Cardinali, S. Carli, D. Carnevale, F. Carpanese, M. Carpita, C. Castaldo, F. Causa, J. Cavalier, M. Cavedon, J.A. Cazabonne, J. Cerovsky, B. Chapman, M. Chernyshova, P. Chmielewski, A. Chomiczewska, G. Ciraolo, S. Coda, C. Colandrea, C. Contré, R. Coosemans, L. Cordaro, S. Costea, T. Craciunescu, K. Crombe, A. Dal Molin, O. D’Arcangelo, D. de Las Casas, J. Decker, J. Degrave, H. de Oliveira, G.L. Derks, L.E. di Grazia, C. Donner, M. Dreval, M.G. Dunne, G. Durr-Legoupil-Nicoud, B. Esposito, T. Ewalds, M. Faitsch, M. Farník, A. Fasoli, F. Felici, J. Ferreira, O. Février, O. Ficker, A. Frank, E. Fransson, L. Frassinetti, L. Fritz, I. Furno, D. Galassi, K. Gałązka, J. Galdon-Quiroga, S. Galeani, C. Galperti, S. Garavaglia, M. Garcia-Munoz, P. Gaudio, M. Gelfusa, J. Genoud, R. Gerrú Miguelanez, G. Ghillardi, M. Giacomin, L. Gil, A. Gillgren, C. Giroud, T. Golfinopoulos, T. Goodman, G. Gorini, S. Gorno, G. Grenfell, M. Griener, M. Gruca, T. Gyergyek, R. Hafner, M. Hamed, D. Hamm, W. Han, G. Harrer, J.R. Harrison, D. Hassabis, S. Henderson, P. Hennequin, J. Hidalgo-Salaverri, J-P. Hogge, M. Hoppe, J. Horacek, A. Huber, E. Huett, A. Iantchenko, P. Innocente, C. Ionita-Schrittwieser, I. Ivanova Stanik, M. Jablczynska, A. Jansen van Vuuren, A. Jardin, H. Järleblad, A.E. Järvinen, J. Kalis, R. Karimov, A.N. Karpushov, K. Kavukcuoglu, J. Kay, Y. Kazakov, J. Keeling, A. Kirjasuo, J.T.W. Koenders, P. Kohli, M. Komm, M. Kong, J. Kovacic, E. Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, O. Krutkin, O. Kudlacek, U. Kumar, R. Kwiatkowski, B. Labit, L. Laguardia, E. Laszynska, A. Lazaros, K. Lee, E. Lerche, B. Linehan, D. Liuzza, T. Lunt, E. Macusova, D. Mancini, P. Mantica, M. Maraschek, G. Marceca, S. Marchioni, A. Mariani, M. Marin, A. Marinoni, L. Martellucci, Y. Martin, P. Martin, L. Martinelli, F. Martinelli, J.R. Martin-Solis, S. Masillo, R. Masocco, V. Masson, A. Mathews, M. Mattei, D. Mazon, S. Mazzi, S.Y. Medvedev, C. Meineri, A. Mele, V. Menkovski, A. Merle, H. Meyer, K. Mikszuta-Michalik, I.G. Miron, P.A. Molina Cabrera, A. Moro, A. Murari, P. Muscente, D. Mykytchuk, F. Nabais, F. Napoli, R.D. Nem, M. Neunert, S.K. Nielsen, A. Nielsen, M. Nocente, S. Noury, S. Nowak, H. Nyström, N. Offeddu, S. Olasz, F. Oliva, D.S. Oliveira, F.P. Orsitto, N. Osborne, P. Oyola Dominguez, O. Pan, E. Panontin, A.D. Papadopoulos, P. Papagiannis, G. Papp, M. Passoni, F. Pastore, A. Pau, R.O. Pavlichenko, A.C. Pedersen, M. Pedrini, G. Pelka, E. Peluso, A. Perek, C. Perez Von Thun, F. Pesamosca, D. Pfau, V. Piergotti, L. Pigatto, C. Piron, L. Piron, A. Pironti, U. Plank, V. Plyusnin, Y.R.J. Poels, G.I. Pokol, J. Poley-Sanjuan, M. Poradzinski, L. Porte, C. Possieri, A. Poulsen, M.J. Pueschel, T. Pütterich, V. Quadri, M. Rabinski, R. Ragona, H. Raj, A. Redl, H. Reimerdes, C. Reux, D. Ricci, M. Riedmiller, S. Rienäcker, D. Rigamonti, N. Rispoli, J.F. Rivero-Rodriguez, C.F. Romero Madrid, J. Rueda Rueda, P.J. Ryan, M. Salewski, A. Salmi, M. Sassano, O. Sauter, N. Schoonheere, R.W. Schrittwieser, F. Sciortino, A. Selce, L. Senni, S. Sharapov, U.A. Sheikh, B. Sieglin, M. Silva, D. Silvagni, B. Simmendefeldt Schmidt, L. Simons, E.R. Solano, C. Sozzi, M. Spolaore, L. Spolladore, A. Stagni, P. Strand, G. Sun, W. Suttrop, J. Svoboda, B. Tal, T. Tala, P. Tamain, M. Tardocchi, A. Tema Biwole, A. Tenaglia, D. Terranova, D. Testa, C. Theiler, A. Thornton, A.S. Thrysoe, M. Tomes, E. Tonello, H. Torreblanca, B. Tracey, M. Tsimpoukelli, C. Tsironis, C.K. Tsui, M. Ugoletti, M. Vallar, M. van Berkel, S. van Mulders, M. van Rossem, C. Venturini, M. Veranda, T. Verdier, K. Verhaegh, L. Vermare, N. Vianello, E. Viezzer, F. Villone, B. Vincent, P. Vincenzi, I. Voitsekhovitch, L. Votta, N.M.T. Vu, Y. Wang, E. Wang, T. Wauters, M. Weiland, H. Weisen, N. Wendler, S. Wiesen, M. Wiesenberger, T. Wijkamp, C. Wüthrich, D. Yadykin, H. Yang, V. Yanovskiy, J. Zebrowski, P. Zestanakis, M. Zuin, and M. Zurita

Subjects
TCV, review, plasma, SPC, EPFL, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Tokamak à configuration variable (TCV), recently celebrating 30 years of near-continual operation, continues in its missions to advance outstanding key physics and operational scenario issues for ITER and the design of future power plants such as DEMO. The main machine heating systems and operational changes are first described. Then follow five sections: plasma scenarios. ITER Base-Line (IBL) discharges, triangularity studies together with X3 heating and N2 seeding. Edge localised mode suppression, with a high radiation region near the X-point is reported with N _2 injection with and without divertor baffles in a snowflake configuration. Negative triangularity (NT) discharges attained record, albeit transient, β _N ∼ 3 with lower turbulence, higher low-Z impurity transport, vertical stability and density limits and core transport better than the IBL. Positive triangularity L-Mode linear and saturated ohmic confinement confinement saturation, often-correlated with intrinsic toroidal rotation reversals, was probed for D, H and He working gases. H-mode confinement and pedestal studies were extended to low collisionality with electron cyclotron heating obtaining steady state electron iternal transport barrier with neutral beam heating (NBH), and NBH driven H-mode configurations with off-axis co-electron cyclotron current drive. Fast particle physics. The physics of disruptions, runaway electrons and fast ions (FIs) was developed using near-full current conversion at disruption with recombination thresholds characterised for impurity species (Ne, Ar, Kr). Different flushing gases (D2, H2) and pathways to trigger a benign disruption were explored. The 55 kV NBH II generated a rich Alfvénic spectrum modulating the FI fas ion loss detector signal. NT configurations showed less toroidal Alfvén excitation activity preferentially affecting higher FI pitch angles. Scrape-off layer and edge physics. gas puff imaging systems characterised turbulent plasma ejection for several advanced divertor configurations, including NT. Combined diagnostic array divertor state analysis in detachment conditions was compared to modelling revealing an importance for molecular processes. Divertor physics. Internal gas baffles diversified to include shorter/longer structures on the high and/or low field side to probe compressive efficiency. Divertor studies concentrated upon mitigating target power, facilitating detachment and increasing the radiated power fraction employing alternative divertor geometries, optimised X-point radiator regimes and long-legged configurations. Smaller-than-expected improvements with total flux expansion were better modelled when including parallel flows. Peak outer target heat flux reduction was achieved (>50%) for high flux-expansion geometries, maintaining core performance ( H _98 > 1). A reduction in target heat loads and facilitated detachment access at lower core densities is reported. Real-time control. TCV’s real-time control upgrades employed MIMO gas injector control of stable, robust, partial detachment and plasma β feedback control avoiding neoclassical tearing modes with plasma confinement changes. Machine-learning enhancements include trajectory tracking disruption proximity and avoidance as well as a first-of-its-kind reinforcement learning-based controller for the plasma equilibrium trained entirely on a free-boundary simulator. Finally, a short description of TCV’s immediate future plans will be given.

Published
2024
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20. Overview of the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation programme in support of ITER and DEMO

Author

E. Joffrin, M. Wischmeier, M. Baruzzo, A. Hakola, A. Kappatou, D. Keeling, B. Labit, E. Tsitrone, N. Vianello, the ASDEX Upgrade Team, JET Contributors, the MAST-U Team, the TCV Team, the WEST Team, the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team:, D. Abate, J. Adamek, M. Agostini, C. Albert, F.C.P. Albert Devasagayam, S. Aleiferis, E. Alessi, J. Alhage, S. Allan, J. Allcock, M. Alonzo, G. Anastasiou, E. Andersson Sunden, C. Angioni, Y. Anquetin, L. Appel, G.M. Apruzzese, M. Ariola, C. Arnas, J.F. Artaud, W. Arter, O. Asztalos, L. Aucone, M.H. Aumeunier, F. Auriemma, J. Ayllon, E. Aymerich, A. Baciero, F. Bagnato, L. Bähner, F. Bairaktaris, P. Balázs, L. Balbinot, I. Balboa, M. Balden, A. Balestri, M. Baquero Ruiz, T. Barberis, C. Barcellona, O. Bardsley, S. Benkadda, T. Bensadon, E. Bernard, M. Bernert, H. Betar, R. Bianchetti Morales, J. Bielecki, R. Bilato, P. Bilkova, W. Bin, G. Birkenmeier, R. Bisson, P. Blanchard, A. Bleasdale, V. Bobkov, A. Boboc, A. Bock, K. Bogar, P. Bohm, T. Bolzonella, F. Bombarda, N. Bonanomi, L. Boncagni, D. Bonfiglio, R. Bonifetto, M. Bonotto, D. Borodin, I. Borodkina, T.O.S.J. Bosman, C. Bourdelle, C. Bowman, S. Brezinsek, D. Brida, F. Brochard, R. Brunet, D. Brunetti, V. Bruno, R. Buchholz, J. Buermans, H. Bufferand, P. Buratti, A. Burckhart, J. Cai, R. Calado, J. Caloud, S. Cancelli, F. Cani, B. Cannas, M. Cappelli, S. Carcangiu, A. Cardinali, S. Carli, D. Carnevale, M. Carole, M. Carpita, D. Carralero, F. Caruggi, I.S. Carvalho, I. Casiraghi, A. Casolari, F.J. Casson, C. Castaldo, A. Cathey, F. Causa, J. Cavalier, M. Cavedon, J. Cazabonne, M. Cecconello, L. Ceelen, A. Celora, J. Cerovsky, C.D. Challis, R. Chandra, A. Chankin, B. Chapman, H. Chen, M. Chernyshova, A.G. Chiariello, P. Chmielewski, A. Chomiczewska, C. Cianfarani, G. Ciraolo, J. Citrin, F. Clairet, S. Coda, R. Coelho, J.W. Coenen, I.H. Coffey, C. Colandrea, L. Colas, S. Conroy, C. Contre, N.J. Conway, L. Cordaro, Y. Corre, D. Costa, S. Costea, D. Coster, X. Courtois, C. Cowley, T. Craciunescu, G. Croci, A.M. Croitoru, K. Crombe, D.J. Cruz Zabala, G. Cseh, T. Czarski, A. Da Ros, A. Dal Molin, M. Dalla Rosa, Y. Damizia, O. D’Arcangelo, P. David, M. De Angeli, E. De la Cal, E. De La Luna, G. De Tommasi, J. Decker, R. Dejarnac, D. Del Sarto, G. Derks, C. Desgranges, P. Devynck, S. Di Genova, L.E. di Grazia, A. Di Siena, M. Dicorato, M. Diez, M. Dimitrova, T. Dittmar, L. Dittrich, J.J. Domínguez Palacios Durán, P. Donnel, D. Douai, S. Dowson, S. Doyle, M. Dreval, P. Drews, L. Dubus, R. Dumont, D. Dunai, M. Dunne, A. Durif, F. Durodie, G. Durr Legoupil Nicoud, B. Duval, R. Dux, T. Eich, A. Ekedahl, S. Elmore, G. Ericsson, J. Eriksson, B. Eriksson, F. Eriksson, S. Ertmer, A. Escarguel, B. Esposito, T. Estrada, E. Fable, M. Faitsch, N. Fakhrayi Mofrad, A. Fanni, T. Farley, M. Farník, N. Fedorczak, F. Felici, X. Feng, J. Ferreira, D. Ferreira, N. Ferron, O. Fevrier, O. Ficker, A.R. Field, A. Figueiredo, N. Fil, D. Fiorucci, M. Firdaouss, R. Fischer, M. Fitzgerald, M. Flebbe, M. Fontana, J. Fontdecaba Climent, A. Frank, E. Fransson, L. Frassinetti, D. Frigione, S. Futatani, R. Futtersack, S. Gabriellini, D. Gadariya, D. Galassi, K. Galazka, J. Galdon, S. Galeani, D. Gallart, A. Gallo, C. Galperti, M. Gambrioli, S. Garavaglia, J. Garcia, M. Garcia Munoz, J. Gardarein, L. Garzotti, J. Gaspar, R. Gatto, P. Gaudio, M. Gelfusa, J. Gerardin, S.N. Gerasimov, R. Gerru Miguelanez, G. Gervasini, Z. Ghani, F.M. Ghezzi, G. Ghillardi, L. Giannone, S. Gibson, L. Gil, A. Gillgren, E. Giovannozzi, C. Giroud, G. Giruzzi, T. Gleiter, M. Gobbin, V. Goloborodko, A. González Ganzábal, T. Goodman, V. Gopakumar, G. Gorini, T. Görler, S. Gorno, G. Granucci, D. Greenhouse, G. Grenfell, M. Griener, W. Gromelski, M. Groth, O. Grover, M. Gruca, A. Gude, C. Guillemaut, R. Guirlet, J. Gunn, T. Gyergyek, L. Hagg, J. Hall, C.J. Ham, M. Hamed, T. Happel, G. Harrer, J. Harrison, D. Harting, N.C. Hawkes, P. Heinrich, S. Henderson, P. Hennequin, R. Henriques, S. Heuraux, J. Hidalgo Salaverri, J. Hillairet, J.C. Hillesheim, A. Hjalmarsson, A. Ho, J. Hobirk, E. Hodille, M. Hölzl, M. Hoppe, J. Horacek, N. Horsten, L. Horvath, M. Houry, K. Hromasova, J. Huang, Z. Huang, A. Huber, E. Huett, P. Huynh, A. Iantchenko, M. Imrisek, P. Innocente, C. Ionita Schrittwieser, H. Isliker, P. Ivanova, I. Ivanova Stanik, M. Jablczynska, S. Jachmich, A.S. Jacobsen, P. Jacquet, A. Jansen van Vuuren, A. Jardin, H. Järleblad, A. Järvinen, F. Jaulmes, T. Jensen, I. Jepu, S. Jessica, T. Johnson, A. Juven, J. Kalis, J. Karhunen, R. Karimov, A.N. Karpushov, S. Kasilov, Y. Kazakov, P.V. Kazantzidis, W. Kernbichler, HT. Kim, D.B. King, V.G. Kiptily, A. Kirjasuo, K.K. Kirov, A. Kirschner, A. Kit, T. Kiviniemi, F. Kjær, E. Klinkby, A. Knieps, U. Knoche, M. Kochan, F. Köchl, G. Kocsis, J.T.W. Koenders, L. Kogan, Y. Kolesnichenko, Y. Kominis, M. Komm, M. Kong, B. Kool, S.B. Korsholm, D. Kos, M. Koubiti, J. Kovacic, Y. Kovtun, E. Kowalska Strzeciwilk, K. Koziol, M. Kozulia, A. Krämer Flecken, A. Kreter, K. Krieger, U. Kruezi, O. Krutkin, O. Kudlacek, U. Kumar, H. Kumpulainen, M.H. Kushoro, R. Kwiatkowski, M. La Matina, M. Lacquaniti, L. Laguardia, P. Lainer, P. Lang, M. Larsen, E. Laszynska, K.D. Lawson, A. Lazaros, E. Lazzaro, M.Y.K. Lee, S. Leerink, M. Lehnen, M. Lennholm, E. Lerche, Y. Liang, A. Lier, J. Likonen, O. Linder, B. Lipschultz, A. Listopad, X. Litaudon, E. Litherland Smith, D. Liuzza, T. Loarer, P.J. Lomas, J. Lombardo, N. Lonigro, R. Lorenzini, C. Lowry, T. Luda di Cortemiglia, A. Ludvig Osipov, T. Lunt, V. Lutsenko, E. Macusova, R. Mäenpää, P. Maget, C.F. Maggi, J. Mailloux, S. Makarov, K. Malinowski, P. Manas, A. Mancini, D. Mancini, P. Mantica, M. Mantsinen, J. Manyer, M. Maraschek, G. Marceca, G. Marcer, C. Marchetto, S. Marchioni, A. Mariani, M. Marin, M. Markl, T. Markovic, D. Marocco, S. Marsden, L. Martellucci, P. Martin, C. Martin, F. Martinelli, L. Martinelli, J.R. Martin Solis, R. Martone, M. Maslov, R. Masocco, M. Mattei, G.F. Matthews, D. Matveev, E. Matveeva, M.L. Mayoral, D. Mazon, S. Mazzi, C. Mazzotta, G. McArdle, R. McDermott, K. McKay, A.G. Meigs, C. Meineri, A. Mele, V. Menkovski, S. Menmuir, A. Merle, H. Meyer, K. Mikszuta Michalik, D. Milanesio, F. Militello, A. Milocco, I.G. Miron, J. Mitchell, R. Mitteau, V. Mitterauer, J. Mlynar, V. Moiseenko, P. Molna, F. Mombelli, C. Monti, A. Montisci, J. Morales, P. Moreau, J.M. Moret, A. Moro, D. Moulton, P. Mulholland, M. Muraglia, A. Murari, A. Muraro, P. Muscente, D. Mykytchuk, F. Nabais, Y. Nakeva, F. Napoli, E. Nardon, M.F. Nave, R.D. Nem, A. Nielsen, S.K. Nielsen, M. Nocente, R. Nouailletas, S. Nowak, H. Nyström, R. Ochoukov, N. Offeddu, S. Olasz, C. Olde, F. Oliva, D. Oliveira, H.J.C. Oliver, P. Ollus, J. Ongena, F.P. Orsitto, N. Osborne, R. Otin, P. Oyola Dominguez, D.I. Palade, S. Palomba, O. Pan, N. Panadero, E. Panontin, A. Papadopoulos, P. Papagiannis, G. Papp, V.V. Parail, C. Pardanaud, J. Parisi, A. Parrott, K. Paschalidis, M. Passoni, F. Pastore, A. Patel, B. Patel, A. Pau, G. Pautasso, R. Pavlichenko, E. Pawelec, B. Pegourie, G. Pelka, E. Peluso, A. Perek, E. Perelli Cippo, C. Perez Von Thun, P. Petersson, G. Petravich, Y. Peysson, V. Piergotti, L. Pigatto, C. Piron, L. Piron, A. Pironti, F. Pisano, U. Plank, B. Ploeckl, V. Plyusnin, A. Podolnik, Y. Poels, G. Pokol, J. Poley, G. Por, M. Poradzinski, F. Porcelli, L. Porte, C. Possieri, A. Poulsen, I. Predebon, G. Pucella, M. Pueschel, P. Puglia, O. Putignano, T. Pütterich, V. Quadri, A. Quercia, M. Rabinski, L. Radovanovic, R. Ragona, H. Raj, M. Rasinski, J. Rasmussen, G. Ratta, S. Ratynskaia, R. Rayaprolu, M. Rebai, A. Redl, D. Rees, D. Refy, M. Reich, H. Reimerdes, B.C.G. Reman, O. Renders, C. Reux, D. Ricci, M. Richou, S. Rienacker, D. Rigamonti, F. Rigollet, F.G. Rimini, D. Ripamonti, N. Rispoli, N. Rivals, J.F. Rivero Rodriguez, C. Roach, G. Rocchi, S. Rode, P. Rodrigues, J. Romazanov, C.F. Romero Madrid, J. Rosato, R. Rossi, G. Rubino, J. Rueda Rueda, J. Ruiz Ruiz, P. Ryan, D. Ryan, S. Saarelma, R. Sabot, M. Salewski, A. Salmi, L. Sanchis, A. Sand, J. Santos, K. Särkimäki, M. Sassano, O. Sauter, G. Schettini, S. Schmuck, P. Schneider, N. Schoonheere, R. Schramm, R. Schrittwieser, C. Schuster, N. Schwarz, F. Sciortino, M. Scotto D’Abusco, S. Scully, A. Selce, L. Senni, M. Senstius, G. Sergienko, S.E. Sharapov, R. Sharma, A. Shaw, U. Sheikh, G. Sias, B. Sieglin, S.A. Silburn, C. Silva, A. Silva, D. Silvagni, B. Simmendefeldt Schmidt, L. Simons, J. Simpson, L. Singh, S. Sipilä, Y. Siusko, S. Smith, A. Snicker, E.R. Solano, V. Solokha, M. Sos, C. Sozzi, F. Spineanu, G. Spizzo, M. Spolaore, L. Spolladore, C. Srinivasan, A. Stagni, Z. Stancar, G. Stankunas, J. Stober, P. Strand, C.I. Stuart, F. Subba, G.Y. Sun, H.J. Sun, W. Suttrop, J. Svoboda, T. Szepesi, G. Szepesi, B. Tal, T. Tala, P. Tamain, G. Tardini, M. Tardocchi, D. Taylor, G. Telesca, A. Tenaglia, A. Terra, D. Terranova, D. Testa, C. Theiler, E. Tholerus, B. Thomas, E. Thoren, A. Thornton, A. Thrysoe, Q. TICHIT, W. Tierens, A. Titarenko, P. Tolias, E. Tomasina, M. Tomes, E. Tonello, A. Tookey, M. Toscano Jiménez, C. Tsironis, C. Tsui, A. Tykhyy, M. Ugoletti, M. Usoltseva, D.F. Valcarcel, A. Valentini, M. Valisa, M. Vallar, M. Valovic, SI. Valvis, M. van Berkel, D. Van Eester, S. Van Mulders, M. van Rossem, R. Vann, B. Vanovac, J. Varela Rodriguez, J. Varje, S. Vartanian, M. Vecsei, L. Velarde Gallardo, M. Veranda, T. Verdier, G. Verdoolaege, K. Verhaegh, L. Vermare, G. Verona Rinati, J. Vicente, E. Viezzer, L. Vignitchouk, F. Villone, B. Vincent, P. Vincenzi, M.O. Vlad, G. Vogel, I. Voitsekhovitch, I. Voldiner, P. Vondracek, N.M.T. VU, T. Vuoriheimo, C. Wade, E. Wang, T. Wauters, M. Weiland, H. Weisen, N. Wendler, D. Weston, A. Widdowson, S. Wiesen, M. Wiesenberger, T. Wijkamp, M. Willensdorfer, T. Wilson, A. Wojenski, C. Wuethrich, I. Wyss, L. Xiang, S. Xu, D. Yadykin, Y. Yakovenko, H. Yang, V. Yanovskiy, R. Yi, B. Zaar, G. Zadvitskiy, L. Zakharov, P. Zanca, D. Zarzoso, Y. Zayachuk, J. Zebrowski, M. Zerbini, P. Zestanakis, C. F. B. Zimmermann, M. Zlobinski, A. Zohar, V.K. Zotta, X. Zou, M. Zuin, M. Zurita, and I. Zychor

Subjects
JET, ASDEX Upgrade, MAST-U, TCV, WEST, Tokamak Exploitation Task Force, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Within the 9th European Framework programme, since 2021 EUROfusion is operating five tokamaks under the auspices of a single Task Force called ‘Tokamak Exploitation’. The goal is to benefit from the complementary capabilities of each machine in a coordinated way and help in developing a scientific output scalable to future largre machines. The programme of this Task Force ensures that ASDEX Upgrade, MAST-U, TCV, WEST and JET (since 2022) work together to achieve the objectives of Missions 1 and 2 of the EUROfusion Roadmap: i) demonstrate plasma scenarios that increase the success margin of ITER and satisfy the requirements of DEMO and, ii) demonstrate an integrated approach that can handle the large power leaving ITER and DEMO plasmas. The Tokamak Exploitation task force has therefore organized experiments on these two missions with the goal to strengthen the physics and operational basis for the ITER baseline scenario and for exploiting the recent plasma exhaust enhancements in all four devices (PEX: Plasma EXhaust) for exploring the solution for handling heat and particle exhaust in ITER and develop the conceptual solutions for DEMO. The ITER Baseline scenario has been developed in a similar way in ASDEX Upgrade, TCV and JET. Key risks for ITER such as disruptions and run-aways have been also investigated in TCV, ASDEX Upgrade and JET. Experiments have explored successfully different divertor configurations (standard, super-X, snowflakes) in MAST-U and TCV and studied tungsten melting in WEST and ASDEX Upgrade. The input from the smaller devices to JET has also been proven successful to set-up novel control schemes on disruption avoidance and detachment.

Published
2024
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21. Recent progress of JT-60SA project toward plasma operation

Author

H. Shirai, K. Takahashi, E. Di Pietro, D. Abate, W. Abdel Maksoud, H. Abe, N. Aiba, T. Abe, M. Akimitsu, J. Ayllon-Guerola, T. Arai, J.-F. Artaud, N. Asakura, N. Ashikawa, L. Balbinot, P. Barabaschi, O. Baulaigue, E. Belonohy, A. Belpane, W. Bin, F. Bombarda, T. Bolzonella, F. Bonne, M. Bonotto, J. Botija, J. Buermans, S. Cabrera-Pérez, A. Cardella, D. Carralero, L. Carraro, J. Cavalier, M. Cavinato, M. Chernyshova, S. Chiba, S. Clement-Lorenzo, V. Cocilovo, S. Coda, R. Coelho, I. Coffey, B. Collin, V. Corato, A. Cucchiaro, T. Czarski, M. Dairaku, S. Davis, C. Day, E. Dela Luna, G. De Tommasi, P. Decool, L. Di Pace, M. Dibon, G. Disset, F. D’Lsa, A. Ejiri, Y. Endo, N. Ezumi, G. Falchetto, A. Fassina, P. Fejoz, A. Ferro, W. Fietz, L. Figini, T. Fornal, G. Frello, T. Fujita, T. Fukuda, K. Fukui, M. Fukumoto, H. Funaba, M. Furukawa, S. Futatani, L. Gabellieri, E. Gaio, K. Galazka, J. Garcia, J. Garcia-Dominguez, J. Garcia-Lopez, M. Garcia-Munoz, L. Garzotti, F. Gasparini, S. Gharafi, L. Giacomelli, G. Ginoulhiac, G. Giruzzi, L. Giudicotti, J. Gonzalez-Martin, R. Guillén-González, N. Hajnal, S. Hall, K. Hamada, K. Hanada, M. Hanada, K. Hasegawa, S. Hatakeyama, V. Hauer, N. Hayashi, T. Hayashi, R. Heller, J. Hidalgo-Salaverri, S. Higashijima, J. Hinata, S. Hiranai, J. Hiratsuka, R. Hiwatari, C. Hoa, H. Homma, A. Honda, M. Honda, K. Hoshino, H. Hurzlmeier, M. Iafrati, K. Ibano, H. Ichige, M. Ichikawa, M. Ichimura, K. Ida, S. Ide, H. Idei, M. Iguchi, T. Iijima, S. Iio, R. Ikeda, Y. Ikeda, T. Imai, R. Imazawa, S. Inagaki, M. Inomoto, S. Inoue, A. Isayama, S. Ishida, Y. Ishii, M. Isobe, F. Janky, E. Joffrin, A. Jokinen, S. Kado, S. Kajita, K. Kajiwara, Y. Kamada, I. Kamata, A. Kaminaga, K. Kamiya, D. Kanapienyte, Y. Kashiwa, M. Kashiwagi, K. Katayama, Y. Kawamata, G. Kawamura, K. Kawano, Y. Kazakov, K. Kimura, F. Kin, M. Kisaki, S. Kitajima, K. Kiyono, K. Kizu, Y. Ko, K. Kobayashi, M. Kobayashi, S. Kobayashi, Ta. Kobayashi, To. Kobayashi, G. Kocsis, A. Kojima, S. Kokusen, M. Komata, K. Komuro, S. Konishi, A. Kovacsik, I. Ksiazek, M. Kubkowska, G. Kühner, M. Kuramochi, K. Kurihara, T. Kurki-Suonio, A.B. Kurniawan, T. Kuwata, B. Lacroix, V. Lamaison, A. Lampasi, P. Lang, P. Lauber, K. Lawson, Q. LeCoz, A. Louzguiti, R. Maekawa, T. Maekawa, S. Maeyama, G. Maffia, P. Maget, J. Mailloux, I. Maione, A. Maistrello, K. Malinowski, A. Mancini, G. Marchiori, J.-L. Marechal, V. Massaut, S. Masuzaki, R. Matoike, G. Matsunaga, S. Matsunaga, A. Matsuyama, Ch Mayri, M. Mattei, M. Medrano, A. Mele, I. Meyer, F. Michel, T. Minami, Y. Miyata, J. Miyazawa, Y. Miyo, T. Mizuuchi, K. Mogaki, J. Morales, P. Moreau, T. Morisaki, S. Morishima, S. Moriyama, A. Moro, H. Murakami, M. Murayama, S. Murakami, K. Nagasaki, O. Naito, N. Nakamura, S. Nakamura, T. Nakano, Y. Nakashima, V. Nardino, E. Narita, Y. Narushima, K. Natsume, S. Nemoto, R. Neu, S. Nicollet, M. Nishikawa, S. Nishimura, T. Nishitani, M. Nishiura, T. Nishiyama, M. Nocente, Y. Nobuta, L. Novello, F. Nunio, S. Ochoa, K. Ogawa, T. Ogawa, Y. Ogawa, S. Ohdachi, Y. Ohmori, N. Ohno, Y. Ohtani, K. Ohtsu, M. Ohzeki, T. Oishi, J. Okano, K. Okano, Y. Onishi, M. Osakabe, T. Oshima, V. Ostuni, A. Owada, M. Oya, Y. Oya, T. Ozeki, M.M. Parody Guzmán, R. Pasqualotto, S. Pelli, E. Perelli, E. Peretti, G. Phillips, C. Piccinni, L. Pigatto, A. Pironti, A. Pizzuto, B. Plöckl, G. Polli, J.-M. Poncet, P. Ponsot, G. Pucella, M. Puiatti, D. Radloff, V. Raimondi, F. Ramos, P. Rancsik, D. Ricci, S. Ricciarini, N. Richermoz, E. Rincon, A. Romano, P. Rossi, P. Roussel, G. Rubino, H. Saeki, A. Sagara, S. Sakakibara, H. Sakamoto, Miki Sakamoto, Mizu Sakamoto, Y. Sakamoto, A. Sakasai, S. Sakata, R. Sakurai, B. Salanon, A. Salmi, G. Sannazzaro, R. Sano, A. Sanpei, T. Sasajima, S. Sasaki, H. Sasao, F. Sato, M. Sato, T. Sato, M. Sawahata, A. Scherber, S. Scully, J. Segado-Fernandez, M. Seki, N. Seki, S. Seki, Y. Shibama, Y. Shibata, T. Shikama, K. Shimada, M. Shimono, J. Shinde, T. Shinya, K. Shinohara, J. Shiraishi, S. Soare, A. Soleto, Y. Someya, S. Sonoda, C. Sozzi, E. Streciwilk-Kowalska, H. Strobel, M. Sueoka, A. Sukegawa, S. Sumida, H. Suzuki, Ma Suzuki, Mi Suzuki, S. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, Y. Suzuki, J. Svoboda, T. Szabolics, T. Szepesi, Y. Takase, M. Takechi, K. Takeda, Y. Takeiri, H. Takenaga, C. Taliercio, N. Tamura, Hiro Tanaka, Hito Tanaka, K. Tanaka, Y. Tanaka, K. Tani, H. Tanigawa, M. Tardocchi, A. Terakado, M. Terakado, T. Terakado, B. Teuchner, B. Tilia, H. Tobari, H. Tobita, K. Tobita, K. Toi, N. Toida, H. Tojo, M. Tokitani, T. Tokuzawa, V. Tormarchio, M. Tomine, A. Torre, T. Totsuka, K. Tsuchiya, N. Tsujii, D. Tsuru, H. Tsutsui, M. Uchida, Y. Ueda, J. Uno, H. Urano, K. Usui, H. Utoh, M. Valisa, M. Vallar, R. Vallcorba-Carbonel, J.-C. Vallet, J. Varela, J. Vega, M. Verrecchia, L. Vieillard, F. Villone, P. Vincenzi, K. Wada, R. Wada, T. Wakatsuki, M. Wanner, F. Watanabe, K. Watanabe, S. Watanabe, T. Wauters, S. Wiesen, M. Wischmeier, M. Yagi, J. Yagyu, M. Yajima, S. Yamamoto, H. Yamanaka, K. Yamauchi, Y. Yamauchi, H. Yamazaki, K. Yamazaki, R. Yamazaki, S. Yamoto, S. Yanagi, K. Yanagihara, S. Yokooka, M. Yokoyama, T. Yokoyama, M. Yoshida, M. Yoshimura, N. Yoshizawa, K. Yuinawa, L. Zani, and P. Zito

Subjects
JT-60SA, superconducting tokamak, risk mitigation measures, integrated commissioning, maintenance and enhancement, international collaboration, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Superconducting (SC) tokamak JT-60SA plays an essential role in fusion research and development by supporting and complementing the ITER project, providing directions to the DEMO design activity and fostering next generation scientists and engineers. Since the short circuit incident at the terminal joints of equilibrium field coil #1 during the integrated commissioning (IC) in March 2021, both EU and JA implementing agencies (IAs) have examined how to ensure safe operation of JT-60SA by mitigating the risk of possible discharge occurrence inside the cryostat. Based on the experience of the global Paschen tests, the IAs have established a strategy of risk mitigation measures, which is a combination of (i) reinforcement of insulation, (ii) avoiding unnecessary voltage application to the coil systems and (iii) immediate de-energization of the coils when deteriorated vacuum conditions are detected. Thanks to the considerable efforts of the Integrated Project Team members, the IC restarted in May 2023. After confirmation of the SC state of the coil systems (TF, EF and CS), the coil energization test and the plasma operation phase 1 (OP-1) started. The first plasma was successfully achieved on 23 October 2023 with a limited value of voltage and current applied to the coils. The plasma configuration control was also confirmed with low plasma current and low auxiliary heating power conditions. Based on the IO–F4E–QST collaboration, activities of JT-60SA have been shared with the IO and provided an important lesson for ITER assembly and commissioning, and will provide an outstanding contribution to fusion research at large. After OP-1, maintenance & enhancement phase 1 (M/E-1) starts from January 2024, in which in-vessel components are installed, and heating and diagnostic systems are extensively upgraded to allow a high power heating experiment planned in OP-2. In order to make the best use of JT-60SA, a newly organized JT-60SA experiment team will refine the research plan for the future high heating power operation phase.

Published
2024
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22. Overview of T and D–T results in JET with ITER-like wall

Author

C.F. Maggi, D. Abate, N. Abid, P. Abreu, O. Adabonyan, M. Afzal, I. Ahmad, M. Akhtar, R. Albanese, S. Aleiferis, E. Alessi, P. Aleynikov, J. Alguacil, J. Alhage, M. Ali, H. Allen, M. Allinson, M. Alonzo, E. Alves, R. Ambrosino, E. Andersson Sundén, P. Andrew, M. Angelone, C. Angioni, I. Antoniou, L. Appel, C. Appelbee, C. Aramunde, M. Ariola, G. Arnoux, G. Artaserse, J.-F. Artaud, W. Arter, V. Artigues, F.J. Artola, A. Ash, O. Asztalos, D. Auld, F. Auriemma, Y. Austin, L. Avotina, J. Ayllón, E. Aymerich, A. Baciero, L. Bähner, F. Bairaktaris, I. Balboa, M. Balden, N. Balshaw, V.K. Bandaru, J. Banks, A. Banon Navarro, C. Barcellona, O. Bardsley, M. Barnes, R. Barnsley, M. Baruzzo, M. Bassan, A. Batista, P. Batistoni, L. Baumane, B. Bauvir, L. Baylor, C. Bearcroft, P. Beaumont, D. Beckett, A. Begolli, M. Beidler, N. Bekris, M. Beldishevski, E. Belli, F. Belli, S. Benkadda, J. Bentley, E. Bernard, J. Bernardo, M. Bernert, M. Berry, L. Bertalot, H. Betar, M. Beurskens, P.G. Bhat, S. Bickerton, J. Bielecki, T. Biewer, R. Bilato, P. Bílková, G. Birkenmeier, R. Bisson, J.P.S. Bizarro, P. Blatchford, A. Bleasdale, V. Bobkov, A. Boboc, A. Bock, G. Bodnar, P. Bohm, L. Bonalumi, N. Bonanomi, D. Bonfiglio, X. Bonnin, P. Bonofiglo, J. Booth, D. Borba, D. Borodin, I. Borodkina, T.O.S.J. Bosman, C. Bourdelle, M. Bowden, I. Božičević Mihalić, S.C. Bradnam, B. Breizman, S. Brezinsek, D. Brida, M. Brix, P. Brown, D. Brunetti, M. Buckley, J. Buermans, H. Bufferand, P. Buratti, A. Burckhart, A. Burgess, A. Buscarino, A. Busse, D. Butcher, G. Calabrò, L. Calacci, R. Calado, R. Canavan, B. Cannas, M. Cannon, M. Cappelli, S. Carcangiu, P. Card, A. Cardinali, S. Carli, P. Carman, D. Carnevale, B. Carvalho, I.S. Carvalho, P. Carvalho, I. Casiraghi, F.J. Casson, C. Castaldo, J.P. Catalan, N. Catarino, F. Causa, M. Cavedon, M. Cecconello, L. Ceelen, C.D. Challis, B. Chamberlain, R. Chandra, C.S. Chang, A. Chankin, B. Chapman, P. Chauhan, M. Chernyshova, A. Chiariello, G.-C. Chira, P. Chmielewski, A. Chomiczewska, L. Chone, J. Cieslik, G. Ciraolo, D. Ciric, J. Citrin, Ł. Ciupinski, R. Clarkson, M. Cleverly, P. Coates, V. Coccorese, R. Coelho, J.W. Coenen, I.H. Coffey, A. Colangeli, L. Colas, J. Collins, S. Conroy, C. Contré, N.J. Conway, D. Coombs, P. Cooper, S. Cooper, L. Cordaro, C. Corradino, Y. Corre, G. Corrigan, D. Coster, T. Craciunescu, S. Cramp, D. Craven, R. Craven, G. Croci, D. Croft, K. Crombé, T. Cronin, N. Cruz, A. Cufar, A. Cullen, A. Dal Molin, S. Dalley, P. David, A. Davies, J. Davies, S. Davies, G. Davis, K. Dawson, S. Dawson, I. Day, G. De Tommasi, J. Deane, M. Dearing, M. De Bock, J. Decker, R. Dejarnac, E. Delabie, E. de la Cal, E. de la Luna, D. Del Sarto, A. Dempsey, W. Deng, A. Dennett, G.L. Derks, G. De Temmerman, F. Devasagayam, P. de Vries, P. Devynck, A. di Siena, D. Dickinson, T. Dickson, M. Diez, P. Dinca, T. Dittmar, L. Dittrich, J. Dobrashian, T. Dochnal, A.J.H. Donné, W. Dorland, S. Dorling, S. Dormido-Canto, R. Dotse, D. Douai, S. 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Zaar, R.J. Zabolockis, L. Zakharov, P. Zanca, A. Zarins, D. Zarzoso Fernandez, K.-D. Zastrow, Y. Zayachuk, M. Zerbini, W. Zhang, B. Zimmermann, M. Zlobinski, A. Zocco, V.K. Zotta, M. Zuin, W. Zwingmann, and I. Zychor

Subjects
magnetic fusion, JET-ILW, D–T, tritium, alpha particles, fusion prediction, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

In 2021 JET exploited its unique capabilities to operate with T and D–T fuel with an ITER-like Be/W wall (JET-ILW). This second major JET D–T campaign (DTE2), after DTE1 in 1997, represented the culmination of a series of JET enhancements—new fusion diagnostics, new T injection capabilities, refurbishment of the T plant, increased auxiliary heating, in-vessel calibration of 14 MeV neutron yield monitors—as well as significant advances in plasma theory and modelling in the fusion community. DTE2 was complemented by a sequence of isotope physics campaigns encompassing operation in pure tritium at high T-NBI power. Carefully conducted for safe operation with tritium, the new T and D–T experiments used 1 kg of T (vs 100 g in DTE1), yielding the most fusion reactor relevant D–T plasmas to date and expanding our understanding of isotopes and D–T mixture physics. Furthermore, since the JET T and DTE2 campaigns occurred almost 25 years after the last major D–T tokamak experiment, it was also a strategic goal of the European fusion programme to refresh operational experience of a nuclear tokamak to prepare staff for ITER operation. The key physics results of the JET T and DTE2 experiments, carried out within the EUROfusion JET1 work package, are reported in this paper. Progress in the technological exploitation of JET D–T operations, development and validation of nuclear codes, neutronic tools and techniques for ITER operations carried out by EUROfusion (started within the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme and continuing under the Horizon Europe FP) are reported in (Litaudon et al Nucl. Fusion accepted), while JET experience on T and D–T operations is presented in (King et al Nucl. Fusion submitted).

Published
2024
Full Text
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23. Overview of recent experimental results on the EAST Tokamak

Author

X. Gong, on behalf of EAST Team and Collaborators, The EAST Team:, Yuntao Song, Baonian Wan, Jiangang Li, Yuanxi Wan, Xinchao Wu, Fukun Liu, Junling Chen, Jiansheng Hu, Guosheng Xu, Kun Lu, Xianzu Gong, Bingjia Xiao, Yu Wu, Xiang Gao, Damao Yao, Nong Xiang, Liqun Hu, Chundong Hu, Jiefeng Wu, Biao Shen, Ge Gao, Yiyun Huang, Liuwei Xu, Qiyong Zhang, Cheonho Bae, Bin Cao, Lei Cao, Jiafeng Chang, Dalong Chen, Ran Chen, Xiaojiao Chen, Yebin Chen, Yue Chen, Yunxin Cheng, Yong Cheng, Bojiang Ding, Fang Ding, Rui Ding, Shijun Du, Yanmin Duan, Jia Fu, Daming Gao, Wei Gao, Yongqi Gu, Bin Guo, Fei Guo, Yong Guo, Xiaofeng Han, Shiying He, Ailan Hu, Chang Hu, Guanghai Hu, Huaichuan Hu, Qingsheng Hu, Yanlan Hu, Zhenhua Hu, Juan Huang, Liansheng Huang, Ming Huang, Ronglin Huang, Xiang Ji, Hua Jia, Caichao Jiang, Yinxian Jie, Songqing Ju, Defeng Kong, Erzhong Li, Guoqiang Li, Jiahong Li, Junjun Li, Miaohui Li, Pan Li, Kedong Li, Shi Li, Yadong Li, Lizhen Liang, Yanchuan Liao, Shiyao Lin, Xin Lin, Bili Ling, Haiqing Liu, Huajun Liu, Jianwen Liu, Liang Liu, Shaocheng Liu, Sheng Liu, Wenbin Liu, Xiaoju Liu, Xiaoyan Liu, Yong Liu, Zhihong Liu, Zhimin Liu, Jianhua Lu, Zhengping Luo, Dengkui Ma, Huafeng Mao, Wendong Ma, Songtao Mao, Yuzhou Mao, Tingfeng Ming, Chao Pan, Chengkang Pan, Shengmin Pan, Jing Qian, Jinping Qian, Chengming Qin, Zhiyong Qiu, Qilong Ren, Zhicai Sheng, Shihua Song, Pengjun Sun, Xiaoyang Sun, Youwen Sun, Tian Tang, Ling Tao, Ang Ti, Baoguo Wang, Feng Wang, Fudi Wang, Huihui Wang, Jian Wang, Liang Wang, Linsen Wang, Mao Wang, Ping Wang, Xiaojie Wang, Shouxin Wang, Yating Wang, Yuehang Wang, Yong Wang, Zhengchu Wang, Jianglong Wei, Jing Wei, Xuechao Wei, Bin Wu, Dajun Wu, Hao Wu, Jinhua Wu, Xiangming Wu, Yibing Wu, Zege Wu, Weibin Xi, Tianyang Xia, Yezheng Xiao, Yahong Xie, Yuanlai Xie, Handong Xu, Liqing Xu, Weiye Xu, Ning Yan, Rong Yan, Jianhua Yang, Lei Yang, Qingxi Yang, Yao Yang, Zhongshi Yang, Min Yu, Yaowei Yu, Qiping Yuan, Shuai Yuan, Qing Zang, Bin Zhang, Jian Zhang, Jizong Zhang, Liyuan Zhang, Ling Zhang, Ruirui Zhang, Shoubiao Zhang, Tao Zhang, Wei Zhang, Xinjun Zhang, Xiuqing Zhang, Yang Zhang, Zuchao Zhang, Hailin Zhao, Lianmin Zhao, Guoqiang Zhong, Ruijie Zhou, Haishan Zhou, Tianhu Zhou, Yue Zhou, Dahuan Zhu, Haisheng Zhu, Ping Zhu, Zeying Zhu, Huidong Zhuang, Zibo Zhou, Zhiyong Zhou, Zhiwei Zhou, Guizhong Zuo, International and Domestic Collaborators:, Huishan Cai, Weixing Ding, Tao Lan, Adi Liu, Wandong Liu, Shaojie Wang, Minyou Ye, Yi Yu, Ge Zhuang, Wei Chen, Guangjiu Lei, Lin Nie, Min Xu, Huang Yuan, Nanhua Yao, Zhe Gao, Long Zeng, Tieshuan Fan, Liu Chen, Guoyong Fu, Zhiwei Ma, Zengmao Sheng, Yong Xiao, Xiaogang Wang, Zhongyong Chen, Yonghua Ding, Xiwei Hu, Zijiang Wang, Fangchuan Zhong, Hongbin Ding, Dezhen Wang, Zhengxiong Wang, Chenggang Jin, Xuemei Wu, Xiaofei Yang, Jianhua Zhang, Qingyuan Hu, Xi Yuan, Changqi Chen, Shuyi Gan, Xudi Wang, Congzhong Wu, Chongwei Zhang, Ting Zhang, Wu Zhu, Erhua Kong, Kaisong Wang, Chuanli Wang, Hongtao Yang, Lixiang Zhang, Yuhong Xu, Paul Anderson, Gheni Abla, Vincent Chan, John L. Doane, Andrea Garofalo, Punit Gohil, Chung Lih Hsieh, Ruey Hong, David Humphreys, Alan Walter Hyatt, Gary Jackson, Lang Lao, Yueqiang Liu, James Leuer, John Lohr, Mohamad Ali Mahdavi, Robert Olstad, Ben Penaflor, Ron Prater, David Piglowski, Michael Schaffe, Tim Scoville, Wayne Solomon, Mike Walker, Anders Welander, Manfred Bitter, Robert Budny, Robert A. Ellis, Nat Fisch, Rich Hawryluk, Kenneth W. Hill, Joel Hosea, Michael A. Jaworski, Egemen Kolemen, Rajesh Maingi, Dennis Mansfield, Dana M. Mastrovito, Jonathan Menard, Dennis Mueller, Novmir Pablant, Lane Roquemore, Filippo Scotti, Gary Taylor, Kevin Tritz, Randy Wilson, Michael Zarnstorff, Seung Gyou Baek, Beck Bill, Paul T. Bonoli, Robert Granetz, Ron Parker, Shunichi Shiraiwa, Josh Stillerman, Greg Wallace, Stephen Wukitch, Lihua Zhou, He Huang, Kenneth Gentle, Ken Liao, Perry Philippe, William L. Rowan, Linjin Zheng, Patrick H. Diamond, George R. Tynan, Nicolas Fedorczak, Peter Manz, Lei Zhao, David Brower, William W. Heidbrink, Yubao Zhu, Calvin W. Domier, Neville C. Luhmann, Chris Holcomb, Xueqiao Xu, Eric Wang, Max E. Fenstermarcher, Mickey Wade, Donald L. Hillis, Steve Meitner, Igor V. Vinyar, Vladimir Davydenko, Igor Shikhovtsev, Naoko Ashikawa, Kasahara Hiroshi, Katsumi Ida, Shinichiro Kado, Tomita Kawamura, Saito Kenji, Ryuhei Kumazawa, Ogawa Kunihiro, Isobe Mitsutaka, Shigeru Morita, Haruhisa Nakano, Masaki Osakabe, Mizuki Sakamoto, Yasuhiko Takeiri, Kazuo Toi, Katsuyoshi Tsumori, Nobuta Yuji, Masaya Hanada, Mitsuru Kikuchi, Atsushi Kojima, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Jean-Francois Artaud, Vincent Basiuk, F. Bouquey, B. Bremond, Laurent Colas, Joan Decker, D. Douai, Annika Ekedahl, Christel Fenzi, Eric Gauthier, Gerardo Giruzzi, Marc Goniche, Dominique Guilhem, Walid Helou, Julien Hillairet, Tuong Hoang, Philippe Huynh, Frederic Imbeaux, Xavier Litaudon, Roland Magne, Yves Peysson, K. Vueillie, Xiaolan Zou, Alberto Loarte, Richard Pitts, Tom Wauters, Franz Braun, R. Bilato, Volodymyr Bobkov, J.M. Noterdaeme, Qingquan Yu, Yunfeng Liang, Jonny Pearson, Michael Rack, Joseph Banks, John Fessey, Charles Monroe, Damian King, Stefan Schmuck, Hongjuan Sun, Paul Trimble, Tom Todd, Jun-Gyo Bak, Suk-Ho Hong, Sangong Lee, Bae Young Soon, Oh Byung Hoon, Chang Doo Hee, Lee Kwang Won, Luca Amicucci, Giuseppe Calabro, Silvio Ceccuzzi, Roberto Cesario, Flavio Crisanti, Edmondo Giovannozzi, Giuseppe Ramogida, Gianmaria De Tommasi, Angelo Antonio Tuccillo, Bruno Viola, Raffaele Albanese, Roberto Ambrosino, Lucio Barbato, Stefano Mastrostefano, Alfredo Pironti, Vincenzo Pericoli Ridolfini, Rory Scannell, Fabio Villone, Volker Naulin, Anders H. Nielsen, Roman Zagorsky, Sandor Zoletnik, Chijin Xiao, B. Madsen, M. Salewski, and Eugenio Schuster

Subjects
steady state long pulse, EAST tokamak, ITPA, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Since the last IAEA-FEC in 2021, significant progress on the development of long pulse steady state scenario and its related key physics and technologies have been achieved, including the reproducible 403 s long-pulse steady-state H-mode plasma with pure radio frequency (RF) power heating. A thousand-second time scale (∼1056 s) fully non-inductive plasma with high injected energy up to 1.73 GJ has also been achieved. The EAST operational regime of high β _P has been significantly extended ( H _98y2 > 1.3, β _P ∼ 4.0, β _N ∼ 2.4 and n _e / n _GW ∼ 1.0) using RF and neutral beam injection (NBI). The full edge localized mode suppression using the n = 4 resonant magnetic perturbations has been achieved in ITER-like standard type-I ELMy H-mode plasmas with q _95 ≈ 3.1 on EAST, extrapolating favorably to the ITER baseline scenario. The sustained large ELM control and stable partial detachment have been achieved with Ne seeding. The underlying physics of plasma-beta effect for error field penetration, where toroidal effect dominates, is disclosed by comparing the results in cylindrical theory and MARS-Q simulation in EAST. Breakdown and plasma initiation at low toroidal electric fields (

Published
2024
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24. Non-linear MHD modelling of transients in tokamaks: a review of recent advances with the JOREK code

Author

M. Hoelzl, G.T.A. Huijsmans, F.J. Artola, E. Nardon, M. Becoulet, N. Schwarz, A. Cathey, S.J.P. Pamela, K. Aleynikova, F. Antlitz, V. Bandaru, H. Bergström, A. Bhole, T. Bogaarts, D. Bonfiglio, F. Cipolletta, T. Driessen, L. Edes, S. Futatani, G. Hao, F. Hindenlang, I. Holod, D. Hu, S. Hu, N. Isernia, H. Isliker, S.K. Kim, M. Kong, S. Korving, L. Kos, I. Krebs, S.J. Lee, Y.C. Liang, Z. Liang, S.J. Liu, Z.X. Lu, L. Meier, L. Messfeldt, V. Mitterauer, N. Nikulsin, B. Nkonga, R. Ramasamy, J. Reinking, C. Rogge, G. Rubinacci, K. Särkimäki, T. Smits, C. Sommariva, R. Sparago, K. Strien, M. Szucs, W. Tang, J. van Tongeren, F. Vannini, S. Ventre, F. Villone, C. Wang, L. Wang, F. Wieschollek, F. Wouters, J. Zielinski, and H. Zhang

Subjects
non-linear MHD, transient plasma instabilities, magnetic confinement fusion, disruptions, pedestal instabilities, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Transient magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) events like edge localized modes (ELMs) or disruptions are a concern for magnetic confinement fusion power plants. Research with the MHD code JOREK towards understanding control of such instabilities is reviewed here in a concise way to provide a complete overview, while we refer to the original publications for details. Experimental validation for unmitigated vertical displacement events progressed. The mechanism of vertical force mitigation by impurity injection was identified. Two-way eddy current coupling to CARIDDI was completed. Shattered pellet injection was simulated in JET, KSTAR, ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) and ITER. Benign runaway electron beam termination in JET and ITER was studied. Coupling of kinetic REs to the MHD is ongoing and a virtual RE synchrotron radiation diagnostic was developed. Regarding pedestal physics, regimes devoid of large ELMs in AUG were simulated and predictive JT60-SA simulations are ongoing. For ELM suppression by resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs), AUG, ITER and EAST simulations were performed. A free boundary RMP model was validated against experiments. Evidence for penetrated magnetic islands at the pedestal top based on AUG experiments and simulations was found. Simulations of the naturally ELM-free quiescent H-mode in AUG and HL-3 show external kink mode formation prevents pedestal build-up towards an ELM within windows of the edge safety factor. With kinetic neutral particles, high field side high density formation in ITER was simulated and with kinetic impurities, tungsten transport in AUG RMP plasmas was studied. To capture turbulent transport, electro-static full-f particle in cell models for ion temperature gradient and trapped electron modes were established and benchmarked. Application to RMP plasmas shows enhanced turbulence in comparison to unperturbed states. Energetic particle interactions with MHD were studied. Flux pumping that prevents the safety factor on axis from dropping below unity was simulated. First non-linear stellarator applications include current relaxation in l = 2 stellarators, while verification for advanced stellarators progresses.

Published
2024
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25. Divertor Tokamak Test facility project: status of design and implementation

Author

Francesco Romanelli, on behalf of DTT Contributors, D. Abate, E. Acampora, D. Agguiaro, R. Agnello, P. Agostinetti, M. Agostini, A. Aimetta, R. Albanese, G. Alberti, M. Albino, E. Alessi, S. Almaviva, M. Alonzo, R. Ambrosino, P. Andreoli, M. Angelone, M. Angelucci, C. Angioni, A. Angrisani Armenio, P. Antonini, D. Aprile, G. Apruzzese, M. Aquilini, G. Aragone, P. Arena, M. Ariola, G. Artaserse, L. Aucone, A. Augieri, F. Auriemma, J. Ayllon Guerola, N. Badodi, B. Baiocchi, L. Balbinot, C. Baldacchini, A. Balestri, T. Barberis, G. Barone, L. Barucca, M. Baruzzo, S. Begozzi, V. Belardi, F. Belli, A. Belpane, F. Beone, S. Bertolami, S. Bianucci, S. Bifaretti, S. Bigioni, W. Bin, P. Boccali, B. Boeswirth, E. Bogazzi, R. Bojoi, S. Bollanti, T. Bolzonella, F. Bombarda, M. Bonan, N. Bonanomi, A. Bonaventura, L. Boncagni, M. Bonesso, D. Bonfiglio, R. Bonifetto, D. Bonomi, D. Borgogno, T. Borzone, S. Botti, E. Boz, F. Braghin, M. Brena, S. Brezinsek, M. Brombin, A. Bruschi, S. Buonocore, P. Buratti, D. Busi, G. Calabrò, M. Caldora, G. Calvo, G. Camera, G. Campana, S. Candela, V. Candela, F. Cani, L. Cantone, F. Capaldo, S. Cappello, M. Caponero, S. Carchella, A. Cardinali, D. Carnevale, L. Carraro, C. Carrelli, V. Casalegno, I. Casiraghi, C. Castaldo, A. Castaldo, G. Castro, A. Carpignano, F. Causa, R. Cavazzana, M. Cavedon, M. Cavenago, M. Cecchini, S. Ceccuzzi, G. Celentano, L. Celona, C. Centioli, G.V. Centomani, S. Cesaroni, A.G. Chiariello, R. Chomicz, C. Cianfarani, F. Cichocki, M. Cinque, A. Cioffi, M. Ciotti, M. Cipriani, S. Ciufo, V. Claps, G. Claps, V. Coccorese, D. Coccorese, A. Colangeli, T. Coltella, F. Consoli, F. Cordella, D. Corradini, O. Costa, F. Crea, A. Cremona, F. Crescenzi, F. Crisanti, G. Cristofari, G. Croci, A. Cucchiaro, D. D’Ambrosio, M. Dal Molin, M. Dalla Palma, F. Danè, C. Day, M. De Angeli, V. De Leo, R. De Luca, E. De Marchi, G. De Marzi, G. De Masi, E. De Nardi, C. De Piccoli, G. De Sano, M. De Santis, G. De Tommasi, A. Del Nevo, A. Delfino, A. Della Corte, P. Deodati, S. Desiderati, E. Di Ferdinando, M.G. Di Florio, G. Di Gironimo, L.E. Di Grazia, V. Di Marzo, F. Di Paolo, E. Di Pietro, M. Di Pietrantonio, M. Di Prinzio, A. Di Silvestre, A. Di Zenobio, R. Dima, A. Domenichelli, A. Doria, G. Dose, S. Dubbioso, S. Dulla, I. Duran, M. Eboli, M. Elitropi, E. Emanuelli, B. Esposito, P. Ettorre, C. Fabbri, F. Fabbri, M. Fadone, M.M. Faggiano, F. Falcioni, M.V. Falessi, F. Fanale, P. Fanelli, A. Fassina, M. Favaretto, G. Favero, M. Ferraris, F. Ferrazza, C. Ferretti, A. Ferro, N. Ferron, C. Fiamozzi Zignani, L. Figini, F. Filippi, M. Filippini, A. Fimiani, M. Fincato, F. Fiorenza, D. Fiorucci, D. Flammini, F. Flora, N. Fonnesu, P. Franz, L. Frassinetti, A. Frattolillo, R. Freda, R. Fresa, A. Frescura, P. Frosi, M. Fulici, M. Furno Palumbo, V. Fusco, P. Fusco, L. Gabellier, P. Gaetani, E. Gaio, E. Gajetti, A. Galatà, J. Galdon Quiroga, D.L. Galindo Huertas, S. Gammino, G. Gandolfo, S. Garavaglia, J. Garcia Lopez, M. Garcia Muñoz, P. Gaudio, M. Gelfusa, G. Gervasini, L. Giannini, M. Giarrusso, C. Gil, F. Giorgetti, E. Giovannozzi, G. Giruzzi, L. Giudicotti, M. Gobbin, G. Gorini, G. Granucci, D. Grasso, T. Grasso, S. Grazioso, H. Greuner, G. Griva, G. Grosso, S. Guerini, J.P. Gunn, V. Hauer, J. Hidalgo Salaverri, M. Hoppe, M. Houry, M. Hoelzl, A. Iaboni, M. Iafrati, A. Iaiunese, V. Imbriani, D. Indrigo, P. Innocente, F. Koechl, B. Končar, A. Kryzhanovskyy, L. Laguardia, D.A. Lampasi, C. Lanchi, F. Lanzotti, A. Lanzotti, M. Laquaniti, F. Leone, J. Li, M. Libè, F. Lisanti, D. Liuzza, F. Locati, R. Lombroni, R. Lorenzini, P. Lorusso, L. Lotto, J. Loureiro, F. Lucca, T. Luda Di Cortemiglia, P. Maccari, G. Maddaluno, S. Magagnino, G. Manca, A. Mancini, P. Mandalà, B. Mandolesi, F. Mandrile, G. Manduchi, S. Manfrin, M. Manganelli, P. Mantica, G. Marchiori, N. Marconato, G. Marelli, A. Mariani, A. Marin, R. Marinari, M. Marinelli, F. Marino, P. Marino, D. Marocco, R. Marsilio, E. Martelli, P. Martin, F. Martinelli, G. Martini, R. Martone, A. Marucci, D. Marzullo, V. Masala, D. Mascali, F. Mascari, A. Masi, N. Massanova, S. Mastrostefano, M. Mattei, G. Mauro, S. Mauro, C. Meineri, L. Melaragni, A. Mele, P. Meller, S. Meloni, I. Menicucci, G. Messina, L. Mezi, G. Miccichè, M. Micheletti, S. Migliori, D. Milanesio, F. Milazzo, R. Milazzo, P. Minelli, S. Minucci, F. Mirizzi, M. Missirlian, D. Monarca, C. Monti, M. Mori, A. Moriani, L. Morici, A. Moro, F. Moro, P. Mosetti, R. Mozzillo, A. Murari, A. Muraro, D. Murra, P. Muscente, S. Musumeci, L. Muzzi, G.F. Nallo, F. Napoli, E. Nardon, E. Naselli, R. Neu, M. Nocente, M. Notazio, S. Nowak, E. Ocello, A. Oliva, V. Orsetti, A. Orsini, F.P. Orsitto, M. Ortino, M. Ottavi, G. Paccagnella, D. Pacella, I. Pagani, N. Paganucci, A. Pagliaro, V. Palazzolo, M. Palermo, S. Palomba, F. Panza, D. Paoletti, M. Parisi, R. Pasqualotto, S. Passarello, M. Passoni, T. Patton, L. Pelliccia, A. Peloso, A. Pepato, E. Perelli, A. Perencin, S. Peruzzo, A. Pesenti, N. Pedroni, P. Petrolini, V. Piergotti, A. Pidatella, L. Pigatto, M. Pillon, T. Pinna, S. Pipolo, S. Piras, C. Piron, L. Piron, A. Pironti, M. Pistilli, D. Placido, A. Pizzuto, P. Platania, A. Polimadei, F. Pollastrone, G.M. Polli, N. Pomaro, F. Pompili, C. Ponti, F. Porcelli, V. Prandelli, A. Previti, A. Princiotta, G. Pucino, F. Quaglia, A. Quercia, F. Raffaelli, G. Ramogida, G. Ranieri, B. Raspante, D. Ravarotto, G.L. Ravera, A. Reale, P. Rebesan, M. Recchia, D. Regine, F. Renno, B. Riccardi, D. Ricci, D. Rigamonti, M. Ripani, N. Rispoli, S. Roccella, G. Rocchi, H. Roche, M. Romanato, F. Romanelli, G. Romanelli, R. Romaniello, A. Romano, M. Romano, R. Romano, R. Rossi, G. Rubinacci, G. Rubino, S. Rubino, J. Rueda Rueda, A. Rufoloni, C. Salvia, P. Salvini, M. Scarpari, A. Salvitti, L. Salvò, S. Sandri, F. Santoro, A. Satriano, L. Savoldi, C. Scardino, G. Schettini, S. Schmuck, J. Scionti, M. Scisciò, M. Scungio, K. Sedlak, L. Senni, G. Sias, A. Sibio, A. Simonetto, L. Singh, A. Sirignano, C. Sozzi, I. Spada, S. Spagnolo, L. Spinicci, G. Spizzo, M. Spolaore, C. Stefanini, H. Strobel, F. Subba, F. Taccogna, B. Taheri, C. Tantos, A. Tarallo, M. Tarantino, G. Tardini, M. Tardocchi, P. Tarfila, A. Tenaglia, C. Terlizzi, D. Terranova, D. Testa, E. Testa, R. Testoni, V. Toigo, G. Torrisi, A. Trotta, G. Trovato, E. Tsitrone, A. Tuccillo, O. Tudisco, M. Turcato, S. Turtù, A. Uccello, M. Ugoletti, O. Uras, M. Uras, M. Utili, V. Vaccaro, F. Valentini, L. Valletti, M. Valisa, D. Van Eester, D. Vanzan, E. Vassallo, G. Vecchi, M. Vellucci, I. Venneri, G. Ventura, M. Veranda, L. Verdini, C. Verona, G. Verona Rinati, F. Veronese, N. Vianello, F. Viganò, O. Villano, R. Villari, F. Villone, P. Vincenzi, V. Vitale, F. Vivio, G. Vlad, M. Wischmeier, H.S. Wu, I. Wyss, R. Zanino, B. Zaniol, F. Zanon, A. Zappatore, G. Zavarise, P. Zito, A. Zoppoli, M. Zucchetti, M. Zuin, and P. Zumbolo

Subjects
divertor, exhaust, plasma scenarios, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

An overview is presented of the progress since 2021 in the construction and scientific programme preparation of the Divertor Tokamak Test (DTT) facility. Licensing for building construction has been granted at the end of 2021. Licensing for Cat. A radiologic source has been also granted in 2022. The construction of the toroidal field magnet system is progressing. The prototype of the 170 GHz gyrotron has been produced and it is now under test on the FALCON facility. The design of the vacuum vessel, the poloidal field coils and the civil infrastructures has been completed. The shape of the first DTT divertor has been agreed with EUROfusion to test different plasma and exhaust scenarios: single null, double null, X-divertor and negative triangularity plasmas. A detailed research plan is being elaborated with the involvement of the EUROfusion laboratories.

Published
2024
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26. Quantitative imaging of the complexity in liquid bubbles' evolution reveals the dynamics of film retraction

Author

Mandracchia, Biagio, Wang, Zhe, Ferraro, Vincenzo, Villone, Massimiliano Maria, Di Maio, Ernesto, Maffettone, Pier Luca, and Ferraro, Pietro

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Applied Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

The dynamics and stability of thin liquid films have fascinated scientists over many decades. Thin film flows are central to numerous areas of engineering, geophysics, and biophysics and occur over a wide range of length, velocity, and liquid properties scales. In spite of many significant developments in this area, we still lack appropriate quantitative experimental tools with the spatial and temporal resolution necessary for a comprehensive study of film evolution. We propose tackling this problem with a holographic technique that combines quantitative phase imaging with a custom setup designed to form and manipulate bubbles. The results, gathered on a model aqueous polymeric solution, provide an unparalleled insight into bubble dynamics through the combination of full-field thickness estimation, three-dimensional imaging, and fast acquisition time. The unprecedented level of detail offered by the proposed methodology will promote a deeper understanding of the underlying physics of thin film dynamics.

Published
2018

28. Simple Parametric Model for Calculation of Lateral Electromagnetic Loads in Tokamaks at Asymmetric Vertical Displacement Events (AVDE)

Author

Sergey Sadakov, Fabio Villone, Guglielmo Rubinacci, and Salvatore Ventre

Subjects
tokamak, plasma, asymmetric, vertical, event, parametric, Physics, QC1-999, Plasma physics. Ionized gases, QC717.6-718.8
Abstract

This paper describes a family of relatively simple numerical models for calculation of asymmetric electromagnetic (EM) loads at all tokamak structures and coils at asymmetric vertical plasma displacement events (AVDE). Unlike currently known AVDE studies concentrated on plasma physics, these models have a practical purpose to calculate detailed time-dependent patterns of AVDE-induced EM loads everywhere in the tokamak. They are built to intrinsically assure good-enough EM load balance (opposite net forces and torques for the Vacuum Vessel and the Magnets with zero total for the entire tokamak), as needed for consequent simulation of the tokamak’s dynamic response to AVDE, as well as for the development of tokamak monitoring algorithms and tokamak simulators. To achieve these practical goals, the models work in a manner of parametric study. They do not intervene in details of plasma physics, but run at widely varied input assumptions on AVDE evolution and severity. Their outputs will fill a library of ready-for-use lateral EM loads for multiple variants of AVDE evolution and severity. The tokamak physics community can select any variant from the library, and engineers can pick ready-for-use AVDE loads. Investigated here, EM models represent one already known approach and one newly suggested. The latter attempts to reflect the helical pattern of halo currents in plasma and delivers richer outcomes and, thus, can be preferred as the single practical model for parametric calculations.

Published
2022
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31. Progress of Design and Development for the ITER Radial Neutron Camera

Author

Esposito, B., Marocco, D., Gandolfo, G., Belli, F., Bertalot, L., Blocki, J., Bocian, D., Brolatti, G., Cecconello, M., Centioli, C., Pereira, R. C., Conroy, S., Crescenzi, F., Cruz, N., de Bilbao, L., Domenicone, A., Ducasse, Q., Di Mambro, G., Dongiovanni, D., Eletxigerra, I., Etxeita, B., Fernandez, A., Ficker, O., Gallina, P., Giacomin, T., Ginoulhiac, G., Godlewski, J., Hjalmarsson, A., Imrisek, M., Kantor, R., Kasprzak, K., Kotula, J., Krasilnikov, V., Lewandowska, M., Maffucci, A., Marotta, U., Marzullo, D., Mazzitelli, G., Mazzone, G., Miklaszewski, R., Mikszuta-Michalik, K., Maciocha, W., Magagnino, S., Misano, M., Mlynar, J., Monti, C., Moro, F., Ortwein, R., Passeri, M., Pinna, T., Pirovano, E., Pisciotta, V., Pompili, F., Podda, S., Riva, M., Santos, B., Sousa, J., Swierblewski, J., Szklarz, P., Tatí, A., Ventre, S., Villone, F., Virgili, N., and Zimbal, A.

Published
2022
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32. Integrated design strategy for EU-DEMO first wall protection from plasma transients

Author

Maviglia, Francesco, Bachmann, Christian, Federici, Gianfranco, Franke, Thomas, Siccinio, Mattia, Albanese, Raffaele, Ambrosino, Roberto, Arter, Wayne, Bonifetto, Roberto, Calabrò, Giuseppe, De Luca, Riccardo, Grazia, Luigi E. Di, Fable, Emiliano, Fanelli, Pierluigi, Fanni, Alessandra, Firdaouss, Mehdi, Gerardin, Jonathan, Lombroni, Riccardo, Mattei, Massimiliano, Moscheni, Matteo, Morris, William, Pautasso, Gabriella, Pestchanyi, Sergey, Ramogida, Giuseppe, Richiusa, Maria Lorena, Sias, Giuliana, Subba, Fabio, Villone, Fabio, You, Jeong-Ha, and Vizvary, Zsolt

Published
2022
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33. Hermann Hankel's 'On the general theory of motion of fluids', an essay including an English translation of the complete Preisschrift from 1861

Author

Villone, Barbara and Rampf, Cornelius

Subjects
Mathematics - History and Overview, Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, Physics - History and Philosophy of Physics
Abstract

The present is a companion paper to "A contemporary look at Hermann Hankel's 1861 pioneering work on Lagrangian fluid dynamics" by Frisch, Grimberg and Villone (2017). Here we present the English translation of the 1861 prize manuscript from G\"ottingen University "Zur allgemeinen Theorie der Bewegung der Fl\"ussigkeiten" (On the general theory of the motion of the fluids) of Hermann Hankel (1839-1873), which was originally submitted in Latin and then translated into German by the Author for publication. We also provide the English translation of two important reports on the manuscript, one written by Bernhard Riemann and the other by Wilhelm Eduard Weber, during the assessment process for the prize. Finally we give a short biography of Hermann Hankel with his complete bibliography., Comment: 44 pages, see the companion paper by Frisch, Grimberg and Villone (2017), v2: minor revisions including change of title, accepted for publication in EPJH

Published
2017
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34. A contemporary look at Hermann Hankel's 1861 pioneering work on Lagrangian fluid dynamics

Author

Frisch, Uriel, Grimberg, Gerard, and Villone, Barbara

Subjects
Mathematics - History and Overview, Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, Physics - History and Philosophy of Physics
Abstract

The present paper is a companion to the paper by Villone and Rampf (2017), titled "Hermann Hankel's On the general theory of motion of fluids, an essay including an English translation of the complete Preisschrift from 1861" together with connected documents. Here we give a critical assessment of Hankel's work, which covers many important aspects of fluid dynamics considered from a Lagrangian-coordinates point of view: variational formulation in the spirit of Hamilton for elastic (barotropic) fluids, transport (we would now say Lie transport) of vorticity, the Lagrangian significance of Clebsch variables, etc. Hankel's work is also put in the perspective of previous and future work. Hence, the action spans about two centuries: from Lagrange's 1760-1761 Turin paper on variational approaches to mechanics and fluid mechanics problems to Arnold's 1966 founding paper on the geometrical/variational formulation of incompressible flow. The 22-year old Hankel - who was to die 12 years later - emerges as a highly innovative master of mathematical fluid dynamics, fully deserving Riemann's assessment that his Preisschrift contains "all manner of good things.", Comment: 17 pages, see the companion paper by Villone and Rampf (2017), v2: minor revisions, accepted for publication in EPJH

Published
2017
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36. Machine-learning-based measurement of relaxation time via particle ordering.

Author

De Micco, Maurizio, D'Avino, Gaetano, Trofa, Marco, Villone, Massimiliano M., and Maffettone, Pier Luca

Subjects
RIGID dynamics, PROPERTIES of fluids, VISCOELASTIC materials, COMPLEX fluids, MACHINE learning
Abstract

The rheological characterization of complex liquids is of great importance in many applications. Among the properties that can be measured, the relaxation time has great relevance, as it provides a measure of fluid elasticity. In this work, we propose a novel method to estimate the longest relaxation time of viscoelastic fluids by applying machine learning to microfluidics. Specifically, we train a long-short term memory (LSTM) neural network to identify the Weissenberg number that characterizes the dynamics of trains of rigid particles suspended in a viscoelastic liquid flowing in a cylindrical microchannel. We first study the effect of the Weissenberg number on the evolution of the microstructure through numerical simulations. An in silico dataset consisting of the distributions of the interparticle distances at different channel sections is built and used to train the network. The performance of the LSTM model is tested on both classification and regression problems. The proposed method is nonintrusive, requires a simple setup, and can in principle be used to measure other properties of the fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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41. Divertor of the European DEMO: Engineering and technologies for power exhaust

Author

You, J.H., Mazzone, G., Visca, E., Greuner, H., Fursdon, M., Addab, Y., Bachmann, C., Barrett, T., Bonavolontà, U., Böswirth, B., Castrovinci, F.M., Carelli, C., Coccorese, D., Coppola, R., Crescenzi, F., Di Gironimo, G., Di Maio, P.A., Di Mambro, G., Domptail, F., Dongiovanni, D., Dose, G., Flammini, D., Forest, L., Frosi, P., Gallay, F., Ghidersa, B.E., Harrington, C., Hunger, K., Imbriani, V., Li, M., Lukenskas, A., Maffucci, A., Mantel, N., Marzullo, D., Minniti, T., Müller, A.V., Noce, S., Porfiri, M.T., Quartararo, A., Richou, M., Roccella, S., Terentyev, D., Tincani, A., Vallone, E., Ventre, S., Villari, R., Villone, F., Vorpahl, C., and Zhang, K.

Published
2022
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45. Dehydration of plant cells shoves nuclei rotation allowing for 3D phase-contrast tomography

Author

Zhe Wang, Vittorio Bianco, Daniele Pirone, Pasquale Memmolo, Massimiliano Maria Villone, Pier Luca Maffettone, and Pietro Ferraro

Subjects
Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820, Optics. Light, QC350-467
Abstract

Abstract Single-cell phase-contrast tomography promises to become decisive for studying 3D intracellular structures in biology. It involves probing cells with light at wide angles, which unfortunately requires complex systems. Here we show an intriguing concept based on an inherent natural process for plants biology, i.e., dehydration, allowing us to easily obtain 3D-tomography of onion-epidermal cells’ nuclei. In fact, the loss of water reduces the turgor pressure and we recognize it induces significant rotation of cells’ nuclei. Thanks to the holographic focusing flexibility and an ad-hoc angles’ tracking algorithm, we combine different phase-contrast views of the nuclei to retrieve their 3D refractive index distribution. Nucleolus identification capability and a strategy for measuring morphology, dry mass, biovolume, and refractive index statistics are reported and discussed. This new concept could revolutionize the investigation in plant biology by enabling dynamic 3D quantitative and label-free analysis at sub-nuclear level using a conventional holographic setup.

Published
2021
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46. Preliminary design of the COMPASS upgrade tokamak

Author

Vondracek, P., Panek, R., Hron, M., Havlicek, J., Weinzettl, V., Todd, T., Tskhakaya, D., Cunningham, G., Hacek, P., Hromadka, J., Junek, P., Krbec, J., Patel, N., Sestak, D., Varju, J., Adamek, J., Balazsova, M., Balner, V., Barton, P., Bielecki, J., Bilkova, P., Błocki, J., Bocian, D., Bogar, K., Bogar, O., Boocz, P., Borodkina, I., Brooks, A., Bohm, P., Burant, J., Casolari, A., Cavalier, J., Chappuis, P., Dejarnac, R., Dimitrova, M., Dudak, M., Duran, I., Ellis, R., Entler, S., Fang, J., Farnik, M., Ficker, O., Fridrich, D., Fukova, S., Gerardin, J., Hanak, I., Havranek, A., Herrmann, A., Horacek, J., Hronova, O., Imrisek, M., Isernia, N., Jaulmes, F., Jerab, M., Kindl, V., Komm, M., Kovarik, K., Kral, M., Kripner, L., Macusova, E., Majer, T., Markovic, T., Matveeva, E., Mikszuta-Michalik, K., Mohelnik, M., Mysiura, I., Naydenkova, D., Nemec, I., Ortwein, R., Patocka, K., Peterka, M., Podolnik, A., Prochazka, F., Prevratil, J., Reboun, J., Scalera, V., Scholz, M., Svoboda, J., Swierblewski, J., Sos, M., Tadros, M., Titus, P., Tomes, M., Torres, A., Tracz, G., Turjanica, P., Varavin, M., Veselovsky, V., Villone, F., Wąchal, P., Yanovskiy, V., Zadvitskiy, G., Zajac, J., Zak, A., Zaloga, D., Zelda, J., and Zhang, H.

Published
2021
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49. How smooth are particle trajectories in a $\Lambda$CDM Universe?

Author

Rampf, Cornelius, Villone, Barbara, and Frisch, Uriel

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

It is shown here that in a flat, cold dark matter (CDM) dominated Universe with positive cosmological constant ($\Lambda$), modelled in terms of a Newtonian and collisionless fluid, particle trajectories are analytical in time (representable by a convergent Taylor series) until at least a finite time after decoupling. The time variable used for this statement is the cosmic scale factor, i.e., the "$a$-time", and not the cosmic time. For this, a Lagrangian-coordinates formulation of the Euler-Poisson equations is employed, originally used by Cauchy for 3-D incompressible flow. Temporal analyticity for $\Lambda$CDM is found to be a consequence of novel explicit all-order recursion relations for the $a$-time Taylor coefficients of the Lagrangian displacement field, from which we derive the convergence of the $a$-time Taylor series. A lower bound for the $a$-time where analyticity is guaranteed and shell-crossing is ruled out is obtained, whose value depends only on $\Lambda$ and on the initial spatial smoothness of the density field. The largest time interval is achieved when $\Lambda$ vanishes, i.e., for an Einstein-de Sitter universe. Analyticity holds also if, instead of the $a$-time, one uses the linear structure growth $D$-time, but no simple recursion relations are then obtained. The analyticity result also holds when a curvature term is included in the Friedmann equation for the background, but inclusion of a radiation term arising from the primordial era spoils analyticity., Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, published in MNRAS, this paper introduces a convergent formulation of Lagrangian perturbation theory for LCDM

Published
2015
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50. Recent Advancements and Perspective About Digital Holography: A Super-Tool in Biomedical and Bioengineering Fields

Author

Merola, F., Mandracchia, B., Miccio, L., Memmolo, P., Bianco, V., Mugnano, M., Maffettone, P. L., Villone, M., Di Maio, E., Ferraro, V., Wang, Z., Pagliarulo, V., Grilli, S., Ferraro, P., Zimmerman, Kristin B., Series Editor, Lamberti, Luciano, editor, Lin, Ming-Tzer, editor, Furlong, Cosme, editor, Sciammarella, Cesar, editor, Reu, Phillip L., editor, and Sutton, Michael A, editor

Published
2019
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