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Purpose: to study the effect of various methods of intraoperative keratoprotection on morphological and functional state of ocularsurface system (OSS) in early period after phacoemulsification (PE) in senile cataract (SC). Patients and methods. 240 patients (240 eyes) who applied for surgical treatment of SC. Age: 65 ± 4 years. 109 men, 131 women. All patients were divided into three observation groups according to the method of intraoperative keratoprotection: 1st group — 60 patients, corneal irrigation with balanced solution; 2nd group — 60 patients, ophthalmic viscosurgical device was applied to the cornea; 3rd group: 3a subgroup — 60 patients, soft contact lens (SCL) was applied to the cornea; subgroup 3b — 60 patients, SCL impregnated with riboflavin solution was applied to the cornea. In addition to the standard ophthalmological examination, Schirmer I test, OCT-scanning were performed, and tear breakup time (TBUT) was determined. Results. Operations were performed without complications. On the 1st day after the operation, the parameters of the Schirmer I test were higher in the eyes of 1st and 2nd groups. On the 5th day after the operation, tear production decreased sharply in all eyes. On the 10th day, an increase in tear production was observed in all groups, the maximum increase — in 3b subgroup. On the 1st day after the operation, TBUT decreased in all examined eyes. The largest significant TBUT decrease was noted in 1st group, the smallest — in 3b subgroup. On 1st day, corneal epithelial thickness (CET) decreased in all eyes, the maximum decrease was detected in 1st group. On the 5th day, CET continued to decrease in all eyes, the minimum decrease occurred in the 3b subgroup. On the 10th day — a decrease in CET in all groups with minimal significant dynamics in 3b subgroup. Conclusion. The study showed that the state of OSS in the early period after PE in SC depends on the method of intraoperative keratoprotection. The most optimal method of intraoperative protection of corneal epithelium and prevention of negative morphological and functional state of OSS after PE in SC is using of SCL impregnated with riboflavin.

In this article, the properties of quantum hash functions are further explored. Previous findings show that so-called small-bias sets (special subsets of the set of elements of a cyclic group) generate a “phase” quantum hash function. Here, it was proved that they also generate an “amplitude” quantum hash function. Namely, it turned out that constructing small-bias sets while generating amplitude quantum functions yields a well-balanced combination of the cryptographic properties of unidirectionality and collision resistance. As a corollary of the obtained theorem, a general statement about the generation of new amplitude quantum hash functions based on universal hash families and small-bias sets was proved.

The Arctic zone is a priority area for the development and for ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the region's rich natural resources create conditions for military conflicts and armed struggle of states for possession of these resources. Such conflicts might culminate with an exchange of nuclear strikes. The modern system of metrological support of military dosimetry equipment does not provide the necessary reliability of the verification and calibration procedure under low temperatures in the Arctic zone. The aim of this work is to ensure the effective functioning of gas-discharge counters, used in the military dose rate meters, in the Arctic Zone. It is established, that the reason for the low reliability of readings of military dosimeters can be the generation of false pulses due to a decrease in the suppressing ability of the counter. False impulses may appear soon after the completion of the verification. It is shown in the article, that in order to increase the reliability of measurements for devices on gasdischarge counters, it is necessary to introduce a diagnostic unit into their measuring circuit, which makes it possible to detect the presence of false pulses directly during the measurement. The implementation of the results obtained will increase the reliability of dosimetry equipment in the Far North and will also ensure greater safety of its metrological characteristics. In future, there are good reasons to conduct a study on transfer of dosimetry equipment to electronic control of gas-discharge counters in order to assess the increase in the durability of the counters and reduce the cost of their production.

Objectives. In recent years, there has been growing scientific interest in the creation of intelligent interfaces for computer control based on biometric data, such as electromyography signals (EMGs), which can be used to classify human hand gestures to form the basis for organizing an intuitive human-computer interface. However, problems arising when using EMG signals for this purpose include the presence of nonlinear noise in the signal and the significant influence of individual human characteristics. The aim of the present study is to investigate the possibility of using neural networks to filter individual components of the EMG signal.Methods. Mathematical signal processing techniques are used along with machine learning methods.Results. The overview of the literature on the topic of EMG signal processing is carried out. The concept of intelligent processing of biological signals is proposed. The signal filtering model using a convolutional neural network structure based on Python 3, TensorFlow and Keras technologies was developed. Results of an experiment carried out on an EMG data set to filter individual signal components are presented and discussed.Conclusions. The possibility of using artificial neural networks to identify and suppress individual human characteristics in biological signals is demonstrated. When training the network, the main emphasis was placed on individual features by testing the network on data received from subjects not involved in the learning process. The achieved average 5% reduction in individual noise will help to avoid retraining of the network when classifying EMG signals, as well as improving the accuracy of gesture classification for new users.

After removal of metastatic malignant tumors of the hypopharynx and larynx, hypopharyngeal defects are formed. To restore the hypopharynx, a mucosa and a muscular component are needed.The objective of this study is to develop a hypopharyngeal reconstruction technique using prelaminated pectoralis major flap with mucosal epithelium analogue from autologous epithelial layers.Materials and methods. Nine patients underwent reconstruction of the hypopharynx using bioengineered prelaminated pectoralis major flaps. The mucosa was restored by tissue-engineered autologous epithelial cell layers that were obtained by culturing in vitro cells isolated from skin biopsies that were previously obtained from patients.Results. Oral nutrition was restored in all cases. Pharyngeal stenosis was detected in one (11%) patient. A stratified squamous epithelium on the pectoral fascia was revealed in 67% of cases at week 2 after prelamination, in 89% of cases at week 4 after reconstruction and in 100% of cases at month 3, 6, 12 and 24 after reconstruction.Conclusion. Reconstruction using prelaminated bioengineered flaps allows recreating the anatomical integrity and function of the hypopharynx.

Purpose. To analyze the significance of keratotopography, keratopachymetry and optical coherence tomography of the cornea in the differential diagnosis of pellucid marginal corneal degeneration with keratoconus.Patients and methods. A retrospective analysis of data from outpatient medical records of 62 patients (62 eyes) with keratectasias and the presence of a crab claw keratotopogram was carried out. Optical coherence tomography of the cornea was performed in all eyes and the parameters of keratopachymetry and corneal elevation were studied on the Pentacam.Results. Optical coherence tomography allowed in all cases to determine the localization of the corneal thinning zone. Only 5 out of 13 indicators of keratopachymetry had statistically significant intergroup differences and can be used in the differential diagnosis of keratectasias.Conclusion. The analysis showed that, in contrast to keratotopography, keratopachymetry and optical coherence tomography of the cornea make it possible to differentiate the type of primary keratectasia.

Purpose. To study the state of interface “intraocular lens (IOL) — posterior capsule (PC)” depending on diameter of capsulorhexis in phacoemulsification of senile cataract.Patients and methods. 227 patients (227 eyes) were examined after phacoemulsification of senile cataract at LenSx femtosecond laser (Alcon, USA). The study did not include patients with corneal opacities, signs of axial displacement of lens, with irido- and phacodonesis, glaucoma, axial length less than 22 mm and more than 26 mm. Depending on diameter of performed capsulorhexis, we formed 3 groups: 1st group — 76 eyes with diameter capsulorexis 5.5 mm; 2nd group — 73 eyes with 5.0 mm; 3rd group — 78 eyes with 4.5 mm. We studied type of interface “IOL — PC”, the maximum value of PC diastasis and the maximum depth of its folds using an RTVue-100 Optical Coherence Tomography (Optovue, USA) on the first day after the operation.Results. The maximum number of eyes with absence of contact between IOL and PC was noted in the 3rd group (62.8 %), the largest number of eyes with full contact between IOL and PC (63.2 %) was in the 1st group. The minimum average depth of the PC folds (111.1 ± 32.7 μm) was noted in the 1st group, and the maximum (165 ± 75.4 μm) — in the 2nd group.Conclusion. The analysis showed that type of interface “IOL — PC” in the first day after phacoemulsification of senile cataract depends on diameter of capsulorhexis. The largest number of eyes (64.6 %) with full contact between IOL and PC was observed in the group of patients with capsulorhexis 5.5 mm, and the smallest (6.4 %) — in eyes with diameter capsulorexis 4.5 mm. Presumably, the main reason for the absence or incomplete contact between IOL and PC is the presence of viscous dispersive between them. The deformation of PC in the form of folds does not directly depend on diameter of capsulorhexis and, obviously, is due to the uneven tension of the capsular bag by the IOL haptics.

Purpose. To study the influence of various types of «intraocular lens – posterior lens capsule» (IOL–PLC) interface on visual acuity (VA) and refraction pseudophakic eyes in early postoperative period after femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery in patients with senile cataract.Material and methods. The study included 133 pseudophakic eyes of 133 patients after femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery. The study did not include patients with uncorrected VA less than 0.8 on the first day after surgery; with eye axial length less than 22 and more than 26 mm; with initial posterior capsule opacification in the central area; with corneal pathology; with corneal astigmatism more than 1 diopters; with pseudoexfoliation, rigid pupil and zonal weakness and with severe somatic pathology and cognitive impairment.On the first day and one month after the surgery, corneal astigmatism, the spherical and cylindrical component of objective refraction, uncorrelated and best corrected VA were studied and the type of IOL– PLC interface was determined.Results. On the first day after the surgery, all studied eyes were divided into 3 groups depending on the type of IOL–PLC interface and dependence of postoperative refraction on relations between IOL and PLC was revealed. The greatest changes in astigmatism during month after surgery were detected in eyes with initial incomplete contact IOL with PLC and presence of folds of the latter. The most stable indexes of VA and refraction in pseudophakic eyes were in presence full contact IOL and PLC.Conclusion. Initial incomplete contact IOL and PLC was exerted greatest negative influence on VA and refraction, which led to deformation PLC in form of residual folds and local sections of fibrosis in the central area in 51 eyes (66.2%) duri ng month after surgery.

Purpose. To study clinical, statistical, anatomical, optical and functional properties of primary keratoectasia (PKE) in patients living in Far Eastern Federal District of Russia.Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of medical outpatient cards of 481 patients with PKE who observed in the Khabarovsk branch of the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution. We studied the detectability of PKE over the years, their quantitative structure and staging, visual acuity, refraction, maximum keratometry-readings and minimum corneal thickness.Results. Keratoconus (KC) occurred in 445 (92.5%) patients, pellucid marginal degeneration (PMD) occurred in 36 (7.5%). Among patients with KC, it was observed in 309 (69.4%) men and 136 (30.6%) in women. PMD was diagnosed in 19 (53%) men and 17 (47%) women. In 386 (86.7%) people with KC, the lesion was bilateral. Among the remaining 59 patients with KC, 6 people (1.3%) had a one-sided process, and 53 (12%) patients had signs of subclinical KC in the second eye. Bilateral PMD was detected in 35 (97%) people, in one (3%) patient the disease was detected in one eye. At comparable average values of refraction and corneal thickness in eyes with PMD and KC 1st stage, astigmatism-at PMD were 2–2.5 times greater.Conclusion. Among patients with KC, 34.9% eyes have the 2nd stage of the disease, in which visual acuity are already sufficiently reduced, and 28.5% eyes have KC the 3rd and the 4th stage and can be classified as visually impaired. The revealed differences in ratio of functional and refractive indexes of eyes with KC and PMD necessitate wider study of their diagnostic features and results of treatment latter.

Purpose. Development and analysis of effectiveness of predictive clinical-mathematical system of development of dry eye syndrome (DES) after phacoemulsification (PE) of senile cataract (SC).Material and methods. 120 patients (120 eyes) after SC surgery: 52 men and 68 women. Age: from 62 to 83 years (average 69.3±6.4 years). The main selection criteria for study were the absence of objective and subjective signs of DES, the presence of initial or immature SC and optimal conditions for surgery – absence of corneal pathology and mydriasis of 6 mm or more. Standard preoperative examination; 3 months after PE – Schirmer 1 test, tear break-up time, OCT mapping (Avanti RTVue XR, Optovue, USA). The above indicators were selected as potential predictors for development of algorithms for predicting of development of DES after PE of SC. Patients were divided into groups: 1st group consisted of 31 patients (31 eyes) with DES developed after PE, 2nd group consisted of 89 patients (89 eyes) without signs of DES.Results. Based on peculiarities of induced damage to structures of ocular surface in treatment of SC, two algorithms were developed to predict DES after FE of SC, which shown high prognostic characteristics: sensitivity – 80–90% and specificity – 80–87%, allowing to consider them reasonable and informative.Conclusion. The analysis of the developed clinical and mathematical system for predicting the development of DES after PE of SC showed its high efficiency. Application of developed technique in ophthalmic practice is advisable to ensure maximum medical and social rehabilitation of patients with SC.

Purpose. The analysis of clinical efficacy of combined treatment of pellucid marginal degeneration (PMD), which included the implantation of intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS) and corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL).Material and methods. The analysis of results in the treatment was carried out in 12 eyes of 7 patients with PMD. A quantity and characteristic parameters of the implantable ICRS were determined using the own method of calculation based on keratotopography data. After 3 months, the procedure of local CXL was performed. The follow-up period was 1 year. In the process of observation the parameters of uncorrected (UCVA) and best corrected (BCVA) visualacuity, spherical equivalent and cylindrical component of subjective refraction were examined on the 1st day, 3 and 12 months after the start of treatment. At the same time the keratotopography data were analyzed – the cylindrical component and maximum keratometry and their dynamics. Keratopachymetry and endothelial cell density were examined before treatment, and 3 and 12 months after the treatment.Results. On the 1st day after the ICRS implantation, the refractive effect of operation varied from 7.0 to 10.5D (mean 7.6±2.1). A slightly decrease of refractive effect, which did not affect the functional results, was noted 3 months after operation before CXL. After CXL at the end of the follow-up period, the refraction of the cornea remained stable. An UCVA increase compared with the baseline by an average of 0.28±0.09, and for BCVA – by 0.09±0.05 was observed already on the 1st day after the ICRS implantation. One year after beginning of treatment, the UCVA increased by 0.32±0.18, BCVA – by 0.32±0.11 and amounted respectively 63.5±17.3% and 83.8±12.5% of retinal visual acuity before the treatment. At the same time, the parameters of keratopachymetry and endothelial cell density practically did not change after the performed treatment.Conclusion. The performed analysis showed a high efficiency and a safety of the combined treatment of PMD in the correction of refractive disorders, characteristic for this disease that allowed an increase in visual acuity of operated eyes and to ensure their stability for 1 year of follow-up period. Long-term results of proposed method require a further study.

Purpose. To study the dynamics of tear production and morphometric parameters of cornea after phacoemulsification of senile cataract (SC) at different postoperative terms.Material and methods. 123 patients (123 eyes) aged from 62 to 83 years were examined after phacoemulsification of SC. All patients were divided into 2 groups depending upon the level of tear production (TP): 1st group – 61 patients with normal and insufficiently lowered TP, 2nd group consisted of 62 patients with moderate and severe TP suppression. Besides standard examination methods, all patients underwent Schirmer’s – 1 test, tear breakup time (TBUT), cornea OCT, corneal endothelial cell density (CECD) before operation and on the 1st, 10th , 20th and 30th postoperative day.Results. Indices of TBUT, corneal epithelium and stromal thickness (CET and CST), CECD turned out to be lower in the eyes of patients from the second group in comparison with the 1st.Conclusion. The conducted research showed that postoperative changes of CET occur 4 times and CST 1,5 times more often in patients with moderate and severe decrease of TP rather than in eyes with normal TP. The recovery of TP on the final stage of research was found 2.6 times less in eyes of patients from the 2nd group in comparison with the 1st, which can be the evidence of possible neurotrophic corneal disorders in patients with reduced TP.

Purpose. The analysis of clinical and functional results using the method of intraocular lenses (IOL) pneumocompression in phacoemulsification (PE) of senile cataract for the prevention of posterior capsule opacification development.Material and methods. The study included 328 pseudophakic eyes of 328 patients, who underwent PE for senile cataract. The IOL pneumocompression was performed after the viscoelastic removal in 166 eyes (the main group); the standard PE – in 162 eyes of the control group. The type of IOL-posterior capsule interface and the visual acuity (VA) were examined at the 1st postoperative day; VA, structure and transparency of posterior capsule in pseudophakic eyes were studied after 1 year postoperatively. Results. The full contact of IOL with posterior capsule was found in 84.3% of eyes in the main group and in 31.5% of eyes in the control group. One year after operation the posterior capsule was transparent in 145 eyes (87.3%) of the group 1 and in 94 eyes (58%) of the group 2, thus the values of VA in the main group turned out to be higher, than in the control.Conclusion. The conducted research showed that IOL pneumocompression method in PE of senile cataract provided an optimal interface of IOL-posterior capsule in 84.3% of operated eyes.One year after operation the number of pseudophakic eyes with transparent optical part of posterior capsule in the main group exceeded the control by 30%. However, indices of uncorrected and best corrected VA were comparable in both groups at the first postoperative day, both values of VA 1 year after PE were reliably higher in the main group than in the control due to lower number of eyes with posterior capsule opacification.

Aim. It’s common that revision arthroplasty of the large joints demands replacing of bone defects of irregular geometrical shapes and simultaneous restoring of support ability and ability to integrate surrounding muscular and tendinous structures into an implant that is required for a complete restoration of joint function.The purpose. To experimentally study the process of integration for muscular and bone tissue as well as tendinous and ligamentous structures into porous titanium materials.Material and methods. During in vivo experiment the authors created a standardized bone defect in 6 rabbits of chinchilla breed at the point of patella ligament attachment as well as a delamination area of muscular tissue in latissimus dorsi. Both knee joints and both latissimus dorsi were used in each animal. Study group included titanium implants with three-dimensional mesh structure. Control group — solid titanium implants with standard porosity. Titanium implants were produced by additive technologies with preliminary prototyping. The porosity corresponded to trabecular metal, striations — 0.45, pores size —100–200 microns. Study and control components were implanted in the identical conditions into the corresponding anatomical sites. Postoperative AP and lateral roentgenograms of knee joints were performed for all animals. Morphological research was conducted on day 60 after the implantation and strength properties were studied at day 90 after the implantation.Results. The authors observed bony ingrowth into implant pores with minimal volume of fibrous tissue, a distinct connective integration was reported represented by a dense fibrous tissue in the pores of components implanted into the muscular tissue. Testing of fixation strength of the study implants demonstrated a clearly superior strength of soft and bone tissue integration into the experimental mesh implants produced using additive technologies.

The article considers an approach to the library space organization throw attracting library users to create a joint vision of possible changes. It presents the results of studying readers’ activity experience after a series of reorganization work in reading rooms of Tomsk State University Research Library and results of making the common picture of further changes in the public space.

Purpose. To study medical social rehabilitation possibilities of the congenital cataract surgery with primary IOL implantation in children of thoracal age.Material and methods. At preschool age (6 years) there were analyzed the results of surgical treatment of congenital cataract with primary intracapsular implantation of Acrysof Natural IOL (Alcon, USA) in 19 children (29 eyes) operated at thoracal age (5.4Ѓ}2.6 months) – the main group, and in 20 children (31 eyes) operated in the period of the early childhood (2.3Ѓ}0.7 years) – the comparative group. Both analyzed groups were representative in the congenital cataract clinical forms, condition of anterior and posterior segments of eyes, severity and nature of neurologic burdens and frequency of postoperative YAG discissions of secondary cataract (p>0.05).Results. According to the obtained data in children with congenital cataract operated at thoracal age relatively to the comparative group, an average value of visual acuity of pseudophakic eyes by the preschool period increased 1.6 times, a specific gravity of children with a stable binocular vision was enlarged 1.4 times, a quantity of children with the bilateral pseudophakia who were capable to be trained at the comprehensive school was raised 1.9 times.Conclusion. The congenital cataract aspiration with a primary IOL implantation in children of thoracal age allows to achieve a high rehabilitation effect (visual acuity increase up to 0.5 and more in combination with binocular nature of vision) by the preschool period 2.5 times more often in comparison with the period of the early childhood.

In the survey data, 37 patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease, set a high frequency of dental pathology presented catarrhal and recurrent aphthous stomatitis, inflammatory periodontal diseases and some others. Views. Marked hemodynamic disorders of organs and tissues of the oral cavity. Established imbalance in the content of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines oral fluid. The high incidence of viral infections, Epstein-Barr virus in the oral mucosa.

This article is a critical review of palliative care for ALS patients in Russia. The authors summarize the principal European guidelines, analyze local practice guidelines regarding palliative care, present their experience in ALS patients care in a multidisciplinary team (projectof the Orthodox service "Miloserdie"). Аuthors describe the main approaches for ALS symptom management available in Russia (including swallowing difficulties, breathlessness, pain, difficulties in communication).

Представлены результаты исследований особенностей формирования сигналов автодинных систем ближней радиолокации с линейной частотной модуляцией по несимметричному пилообразному закону. Получены выражения для расчёта автодинных сигналов в общем случае произвольного времени запаздывания отражённого излучения. Построены временные и спектральные диаграммы автодинных сигналов для случаев, когда продолжительность их периода значительно больше времени запаздывания отражённого излучения, а также для случаев, когда данное неравенство не выполняется. Экспериментальные исследования выполнены с применением генератора на диоде Ганна 8-мм диапазона длин волн, электрически управляемого по частоте варикапом.