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Subject of research: single-channel digital image, second-order invariants to movements and stretching. Purpose of research: to determine a new group of invariants of a single-channel digital image with respect to shifts, rotations and stretching. Methods and objects of research: the object of research is single-channel images. The developed computational algorithms are based on the complex use of analytical and geometric research methods, the theory of invariants and wavelets. Main results of research: a computational scheme for determining the group of invariant characteristics with respect to such digital image transformations as shifts, rotations and stretching has been developed.

Background. A significant role in the pathogenesis, resistance to treatment and progression of many types of lymphomas, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, is assigned to the TP53 gene. Literature data on the prognostic significance of the expression of its product, the p53 protein, and its association with aberrations at the 17p13 locus are ambiguous. Aim. To assess the relationship of p53 protein expression with the presence of a 17p13 locus deletion of the TP53 gene and the survival of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Material and methods. The study included 75 patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma who received R-CHOP therapy. The calculation of the relative content of tumor cells expressing p53 was carried out using immunohistochemical and morphometric methods on biopsy samples of lymph nodes. The 17p13/TP53 deletion was determined by fluorescent in situ hybridization. The threshold level of p53-positive tumor cells, corresponding to 43%, was calculated by ROC analysis. The association between p53 protein expression and the presence of a 17p13 deletion was assessed using Fisher's (F) and Pearson's 2 tests. The correlation dependence was evaluated by the Cramer method (V). Five-year overall and progression-free survival was calculated using the KaplanMeier method. Differences between the indicators were considered statistically significant at p 0.05. Results. The frequency of 17p13/TP53 deletion was higher in patients with high expression of p53 (43%) compared to the group of patients with low expression: 87.5 and 12.5%, respectively (p=0.018). A direct correlation between a high level of p53 expression (43%) and the presence of a 17p13/TP53 deletion was found (p=0.018). Five-year overall and progression-free survival in patients with a proportion of p53-positive cells 43% was significantly lower than in patients with its subthreshold value: 54.5 versus 81.0% (p=0.014) and 45.5 versus 66.7% (p=0.022), respectively. Conclusion. High expression of the p53 protein is associated with the presence of a 17p13 locus deletion and a low five-year survival rate in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

BACKGROUND: During pregnancy and childbirth, anemia and thrombocytopenia are twice as common among HIV-positive women as in the general population. It has not been yet clear to what extent HIV affects the incidence of cytopenias, therefore, the correlation between the incidence and the HIV RNA level and CD4 count in HIV-positive pregnant women, as well as the role of antiretroviral therapy, requires further study. AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the HIV RNA level and CD4 count on the frequency of anemia and thrombocytopenia in HIV-positive pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we analyzed social and demographic features, epidemiological personal history data, the frequency of pregnancy and delivery complications, and the timing of the initiation of antiretroviral therapy in 303 HIV-positive pregnant women, as well as the data of screening for HIV infection of their children. The study included 27 mother-child pairs with perinatal HIV transmission and 276 mother-child pairs without mother-to-child transmission of HIV. All pregnant women were divided into groups depending on the CD4 count and HIV RNA level. A comparative analysis of anemia and thrombocytopenia frequencies was carried out in the study groups. RESULTS: A direct correlation was revealed between the frequency of anemia and thrombocytopenia in HIV-positive pregnant women and markers of HIV infection: severe immunodeficiency (CD4 200 cells/l, p 0.01) and high HIV RNA levels (more than 100,000 copies / ml, p 0.01) in peripheral blood. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed the high frequency of cytopenias in HIV-positive pregnant women, which exceeds the general population level. In addition, we demonstrated the effectiveness of prescribing antiretroviral therapy among women of reproductive age who planned to become pregnant or did not exclude the possibility of pregnancy (who did not use the effective methods of contraception), as a means of anemia and thrombocytopenia prevention during pregnancy.

The article describes the results of five years of research in the development and creation of computer mathematical models of socio-economic systems using GIS technologies within the framework of two RFBR grants, which were directed by V.V. Slavsky. The first part describes the results of the development and creation of an interactive socially-oriented geographic information system designed to obtain information about social infrastructure facilities aimed at meeting the needs of people with limited mobility and people with disabilities. The second part describes the results of the development and creation of an interactive agent-based dynamic model of socio-economic processes (transport, production, demographic, etc.), using GIS technologies on the example of Khanty-Mansiysk.

The paper describes the practical results received from digital images topographic characteristics calculating in Matlab, such as length and curvature of contour lines, density of lengths and curvature, as well as irregularities of contour lines of the first and second order. Topological characteristics contain complete information about the shape and contours of a digital image, which allows them to be effectively used in solving the problems of remote sensing data processing, analysis of biomedical images, classification and pattern recognition problems.

В статье рассматриваются и анализируются современные подходы к образованию, как за рубежом, так и в России. Автором делаются выводы о дальнейшем векторе развития новейших тенденция в сфере образования.

HIV-infected women have a higher risk of complications during pregnancy and delivery (chronic placental insufficiency, anemia, placental abruption, preterm birth) compared with HIV-negative women, especially in case of opportunistic infections, immunodeficiency and a high viral load in the blood. The obstetrical pathologies are hard to study in these women because the above conditions are associated with a range of confounding factors that are not directly related to HIV infection but are often present, such as drug addiction, weight deficit, and chronic viral hepatitis coinfection. The literature review provides data from domestic and international studies on the correlation between HIV infection and the frequency of complications during pregnancy, delivery and the postpartum period, as well as the effect of the infection on the condition of newborns. The article cites current recommendations on the choice of delivery types for HIV-infected women.

Alignment of time series [time-series smoothing] identification of the main tendency of development (временнго a trend) by "cleaning" of a time series of the accidental deviations distorting this tendency. At a research of time series of economy (bioinformation science) apply for detection of patterns [1-3]. In this work it is offered to use for this purpose Legendre's transformation well-known in physics and mathematics. Its direct application to poorly regular objects is difficult therefore in work its idempotent analog is defined previously and on its basis the concept of the TRACK for a time series is defined. In recent years within the international center "Cuofus Li" the new field of mathe-matics idempotent or "tropical" mathematics gained intensive development that is reflected in works of the academician V.P. Maslov and his pupils: G.L. Litvinov, A.N. Sobolevsky, etc. The purpose of this work to be beyond duality of the theory of linear vector spaces, using similar concepts of duality of conformally flat Riemannian geometry and of idempotent algebra. By analogy with the polar transformation of a conformally flat Riemannian metrics entered in E.D. Rodionov and V.V. Slavsky's works the abstract idempotent analog of transformation of Legendre is under construction. In the MATLAB system the program complex for calculation the TRACK of a time series is created. It is in-vestigated its opportunities for digital processing of time series.

Despite the success in reducing mother-to-child HIV transmission rate worldwide, the problem of perinatal HIV transmission is still relevant. Sexual activity nowadays is the predominant way of transmission, therefore the number of HIV cases among women growths. This leads to an increased number of pregnancies and childbirth in HIV-infected women. Better preventive treatment has decreased the transmission risk to 1% or less. Despite this, the Russian Federation is still not among the countries where the elimination of mother-to-child transmission has been recorded. This review article focuses on the main stages of mother-to-child transmission prevention from the time that no antiretroviral therapy was available to the current stage, when highly active antiretroviral therapy is used during pregnancy, childbirth and for the treatment of newborns. The research provides a comparative analysis of modern national and international clinical recommendations for the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission.

Relevance. The study of bioradical processes in periodontitis in the dynamics of the disease and the establishment of the role of predictors of periodontal tissue damage will provide a deeper understanding of the links of pathogenesis and, on this basis, introduce new therapeutic and diagnostic technologies into practice. The purpose of the study: Assessment of the level of markers of oxidative stress in experimental periodontitis in the dynamics of the study. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on white non-linear rats, reproducing the model of periodontitis proposed by Shkolnaya K. D., Atrushkevich V. G. (Patent RU No. 2625295 of 12.07.2017). The total activity of free radical oxidation and the body's antioxidant potential were evaluated by biochemiluminescence, the intensity of lipoperoxidation processes, and the enzyme antioxidant potential. Results. A comprehensive analysis of the overall oxidative and antioxidant capacity of the body was carried out, during which it was revealed that progressive experimental periodontitis causes inhibition of the antioxidant potential and is characterized by a violation of the processes of neutralization of reactive oxygen species and the inability to inhibit the launched reactions of free radical oxidation, as evidenced by the dynamics of an increased level of markers of oxidative stress. Conclusion. Thus, in periodontitis, oxidative stress develops, which contributes to the progression of destructive processes of periodontal tissues, which substantiates the feasibility of using markers of the intensity of free radical oxidation as diagnostic and prognostic criteria for the course of the disease and the introduction of antioxidant-type drugs in complex therapy.

The analysis of the epidemic process associated with COVID-19 is carried out, possible scenarios of the development of events are presented. The most common anamnestic data, symptoms of infection, clinical picture and possible complications are described in detail. The features of the COVID-19 course in risk groups and the algorithms of administrative and medical actions that should underlie the provision of medical care to patients with cardiovascular, oncological, rheumatological diseases, pregnant women, etc. The section of diagnostics and examination features is of particular importance, since it includes not only the definition of the causative agent of the disease, but also the main indicators that determine the severity of the clinical picture, prognosis, the nature and extent of medical care. Considerable experience is presented in the clinical practice of computed tomography of the lungs, the method, the primary and early method for identifying not only lung lesions, but also the underlying disease — COVID-19. Information is presented from literary sources based on the experience of overcoming this formidable disease and its consequences by our colleagues, as well as the experience of domestic clinicians and scientists.

Assessing the timing and delivery methods, clinical and laboratory indicators of HIV-infected pregnant women is important for organizing effective care for this group of patients and further reducing the frequency of perinatal transmission of HIV infection. In 20142017, in Saint Petersburg, there were 2,524 childbirths in HIV-infected women, who were observed during pregnancy mainly in the Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases (AIDS Center). The average frequency of perinatal HIV transmission in the city over the study period was 1.3%, which is lower than the average for Russia (2.5%). A retrospective and prospective analysis of 1,858 medical records of HIV-infected women observed during pregnancy at the AIDS Center in 20142017 was performed. An annual decrease in the proportion of chronic viral hepatitis C coinfection was found, which was proportional to a decrease in parenteral HIV transmission in the study group. Due to the increase in HIV testing coverage, the frequency of detection of infections in pregnant women in antenatal clinics during registration was reduced. This allows conducting a thorough examination, counseling and a timely initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy planning. The vast majority of HIV-infected women are committed to follow-up in medical facilities during pregnancy, to receive antiretroviral prophylaxis (ARP) and, as a result, to give birth to a healthy child. The rate of preterm birth among HIV-infected women is higher than in HIV-seronegative women. This determines the timely initiation of ARP/ART during pregnancy for prevention of preterm delivery. The proportion of births through the birth canal increases annually, but the operative delivery rate remains above the population.

Analysis of the epidemiological and demographic characteristics of HIV-infected pregnant women is important for organizing effective care for this group of patients and further reducing the frequency of mother-to-child transmission. Between 2014 and 2017 in Saint-Petersburg, there were 2524 deliveries in HIV-infected women who were observed during pregnancy, mainly in the Saint-Petersburg AIDS Center (AIDS Center). The average frequency of perinatal HIV transmission over the study period in the city was 1,3%, which is lower than the average for Russia. Out of 2524 women recently confined, 1858 HIV-infected women, who were observed during pregnancy at the AIDS Center in 2014–2017, were enrolled. Risk groups for perinatal HIV transmission in Saint-Petersburg are HIV-infected pregnant women: external or internal migrants, women with late registration at the dispensary registration for pregnancy in the antenatal clinic and the AIDS Center and, accordingly, late initiation of perinatal HIV transmission, active consumers of surfactants, pregnant women with low adherence to observation in medical institutions and to getting antiretroviral agents. The increase in coverage of the city’s population with HIV testing reveals new infections, including among women of reproductive age, as well as their partners. The timely use of ARV at the planning stage of pregnancy reduces perinatal HIV transmission and the risks of opportunistic diseases. The availability of medical care and free distribution of ARV drugs to all pregnant women who applied to the AIDS Center helps to reduce perinatal HIV transmission, including among internal and external migrants who do not have a permanent registration in Saint-Petersburg. Counseling women at the planning stage and during pregnancy by various specialists of the AIDS Center (gynecologists, infectious disease specialists, psychologists, narcologists) allows one to form a commitment to monitoring, to receiving ARV, giving up bad habits, to reduce the incidence of HIV-dissidence.

This chapter is based on the fieldwork experience of the Russian–Vietnamese Linguistic Expedition (1979–2019) of which the author was a member. The Expedition was dedicated to the study of languages spoken by ethnic minorities in Vietnam. The languages of Vietnam are part of the Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA) linguistic area (See Enfield. Annual review of Anthropology 34:181–206, 2005) that includes five language macrofamilies. Almost all representatives of the MSEA linguistic area are isolating languages. Some typological features of isolating languages and consequences of the global monosyllabization of MSEA languages affecting the process of language documentation are considered.

In this paper we investigate method of the digital images topological and semantic analysis based on the Morse theory. The description of the MathLab program module for calculation of statistically significant critical points for single-channel image is also submitted.

This thesis deals with teaching foreign language and the importance to develop intercultural skills and know-how which include the ability to bring one’s own cultural origins and the foreign culture into relation with each other, together with the ability to understand and empathize with the values and conditions of others. The language learner needs to develop other skills than sociocultural knowledge and have to improve interpersonal relations and develop intercultural awareness.

The article dwells upon key milestones of life and activities of Russian public and political leader Vasilii Ilich Denisov. Social, cultural and political image of the Don Cossack, regional marshal of the nobility, member of the State Council, founder of the Russian Export Chamber – all these versatile aspects of the regional history of the State Duma are focused on in the article. The influence of economic, social and cultural processes of the era of the early industrial Russian modernization upon the activities of V.I. Denisov in various spheres is analyzed. Special attention is given to Denisov’s participation in the work of regional industrialists appeared in Russia at the end of 19th beginning of the 20th century. The article states that those organizations could be considered as the origin of the institutions of Russian civil societies, and as a result an integral part of the modernization process. V.I. Denisov, being an entrepreneur of a new type, was interested in radical reforming of financial and economic policy of the government and creating favorable conditions for the development of entrepreneurship and social activity. The conclusion was drawn that Denisov belonged to that part of the Russian society that succeeded in adapting to the tough conditions of the modernization epoch, the epoch when transition from the society with traditional lifestyle pattern towards the society capable of digesting and assuming innovations, both economic, social or cultural, took place. It is shown that Denisov, being a politician, was focused on class and Russian issues in general. His political views combined traditional and bourgeois-democratic aspects.

The effect of different modes of three-stage aging on the structure and properties of hot-deformed semiproducts (pressed shapes and rolled plates) from high-strength aluminum alloy V96Ts-3 of the Al – Zn – Mg – Cu system is studied with the aim of optimizing the hardening heat treatment. Amode of three-stage aging convenient for commercial production and ensuring hot-deformed semiproducts from alloy V96Ts-3 with high strength at the state T1 level in combination with satisfactory corrosion resistance corresponding to state T2 is suggested.

The antitumor activity of o-carboxybenzoylferrocene sodium salt (1) was studied in vivo. Interaction between o-carboxybenzoylferrocene (2) and N,N′-carbonyldiimidazole in boiling methylene dichloride leads to 3-(N-imidazolyl)-3-ferrocenylisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one (5). The structure of compound 5 was established by X-ray analysis. Aminolysis of compound 5 in toluene gave rise to ferrocenoylbenzamides (6a–d)–derivatives of dimethylamine, piperidine, pyrrolidine and morpholine. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a very common pathological condition during pregnancy and the postpartum period. In the structure of hematological diseases in pregnant women, anemias account for about 90% and in most cases are iron deficient [3, 17, 19]. In the third trimester of pregnancy and in the early postpartum period, almost every woman has a latent iron deficiency, and 3040% develop IDA [4, 15, 16, 20, 26]. According to the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, the frequency of IDA in Russia has increased 6.3 times over the past ten years, and in St. Petersburg - almost 2 times. The development of anemia during pregnancy is due to an imbalance of iron in the body and is associated with its increased costs for creating a fetoplacental complex, an increase in iron metabolism and a redistribution of this trace element in favor of the fetus. Iron deficiency in the body of pregnant women and women in childbirth is associated with inadequate replacement of losses due to alimentary and mobilized iron.

The theory of spectral perturbations is combined with the inverse scattering problem and the techniques of large-scale computer simulation are used to deal with a new class of problems of the influence of the dispersion-spectrum inhomogeneities (such as potential barriers and wells) on the dynamics of femtosecond optical solitons. A study is made of the dependences of the main soliton parameters on the position of the central frequency of a barrier, and on its width and height. Such dispersion inhomogeneities lead to a special kind of soliton capture by a 'spectral trap'. The appearance of a clear spectral gap in the soliton spectrum, leading to a nontrivial change in the soliton temporal envelope, is predicted. Structural stability of a Schrodinger soliton in the presence of such nontrivial perturbations is demonstrated.

It is well known that the picosecond time duration range optical solitons dynamics described by the nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NSE) has provided remarkable accord between theory and experiment. There is a gap of understanding as to the fundamental features of solitons when going to the femtosecond range and the envelope contains only a few optical periods. Up to date no answer has been obtained to the key question of the nonlinear optics of femtosecond pulses. This question is what is the ultimate width of a pulse that can be produced and how to produce pulses with the width t = T, that is, optical videopulse without a high-frequency field component?

The effects of wide-band smooth (global) and narrow-band abrupt (local) spectral inhomogeneities on the soliton dynamics in passive and active fibers are investigated. Soliton spectral tunneling effect (SSTE) is predicted and investigated. The SSTE consists in 'infiltration' of a femtosecond soliton spectrum through a potential barrier-like spectral inhomogeneity of group velocity dispersion (GVD) including the forbidden band of positive GVD. As was mentioned, of importance is the possibility of using spectral inhomogeneities of the dispersion parameters in order to suppress the Raman self-frequency shift of femtosecond solitons. Spectral perturbation method of soliton theory is developed.

An improved algorithm of the difference schema approximating nonlinear Maxwell equations and an analysis of stability and dispersion properties of it are presented. PC simulation of Maxwell solitons and a comparison with the nonlinear Shrodinger equation theory are investigated.

The character of drug interaction in 18 various combinations of sisomicin, amikacin, gentamicin, cefotaxime, doxycycline, trimethoprim and nitroxaline was studied by the chess board method with respect to 25 strains of Brucella melitensis. The synergistic effect with respect to the majority of the cultures was observed with the use of the combinations of gentamicin, amikacin or sisomicin with doxycycline. The combinations of the aminoglycosides with cefotaxime and sisomicin or gentamicin with rifampicin had a summation effect on the majority of the cultures. With the use of the combinations of cefotaxime with nitroxaline or trimethoprim and rifampicin with nitroxaline the effect on the majority of the cultures was indifferent. The effect was mainly antagonistic with the use of the combinations of amikacin with rifampicin, gentamicin with trimethoprim and cefotaxime with doxycycline. The effect of the combinations of gentamicin with nitroxaline and cefotaxime with rifampicin was different with respect to different strains of B. melitensis. It was indifferent, antagonistic or summation depending on the strain.