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Currently, there is no clear guidance on the management of patients with concomitant chronic diseases of the veins (CVD), such as varicose and postthrombotic disease of the lower limbs, with endoprosthetics of the knee or hip joint. To reduce the risk of thromboembolic complications in patients of this group, the authors developed individual algorithms of reference.

A number of patients with problems of major joints increases every year. These patients need the replacement arthroplasty. The rate of thrombotic complications rises in given category of patients simultaneously with the increase of the number of performed operations. There weren’t well-defined instructions of management of the patients with associated chronic vein diseases at the preparation period for arthroplasty performance in spite of the presence of clinical recommendations for prevention of thromboembolic complications. The authors analyzed the experience of management of such patients and presented these data for doctors from polyclinic and hospitals in order to apply the common treatment strategy.

A setup for studying the physicochemical properties of superheavy elements in experiments involving gas transport systems is described. The setup is composed of four detecting modules with semiconductor detectors; systems of data acquisition, storage, and processing; a cooling system for semiconductor detectors; and a vacuum system. In each detecting module, there are two oppositely located four-strip semiconductor detectors. The detecting system is capable of detecting with a high efficiency α particles and spontaneous fission fragments produced in decays of superheavy elements.

Summary form only given. Plasma assistance is a promising way for combustion improvement, especially for NOx reduction by burning leaner premixed hydrocarbons or for flame stabilization under unfavorable conditions (supersonic combustion or, small volume combustion where the chemical time is close to the fuel residence time). Thus, we conceived a combustion test bench where we could study the effect of a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge on a lifted non-premixed methane flame. For this study, we are especially interested in the effect of the discharge on the detachment height of the flame up to blow-out. There, we could achieve the anchoring of the flame (detachment height = 5-10 mm against 50-60 mm without plasma) on a plasma channel going out from the burner exit. Electrical investigations demonstrated that only 1 W applied to the discharge at the nozzle of the burner was necessary to this anchoring. Coupling electrical and optical measurements revealed the pulsed nature of the light emission of the plasma while spectroscopic study of OH, CH and N2* exhibits a 10 mm overlap between the plasma and the flame. Finally, fast camera movie of the flame anchoring zone was also achieved using narrow band filters for the selection of OH, CH and N2

In the first part of this paper (which is a modified version of Sabel'nikov and Gorokhovski [1, 2]), the IEM/LMSE micro-mixing model is further developed to account for the entire range of mixing f...

The main pathogenetic causes of the development of lower limb chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) are associated with hypertension in the inferior vena cava, venous stasis, and ischaemia of the vascular wall. Alterations in microcirculation responsible for the metabolic and trophic processes of the venous wall appear on the background of change in the macrocirculatory bed. A considerable role of the venous endothelial dysfunction was noted. Prescription of phleboprotectors and phlebotonics is of fundamental importance. Efficacy of Antistax makes it possible to recommend its use in combined therapy of various-aetiology and various-grade CVI.

Long-term goals of the Research Ramjet Program (RRP) led at Onera are to provide a better understanding of the reacting flows inside r amjet combustion chambers and develop a predictive numerical tool, capable of characterizin g the performances of such combustors. A part of this program focuses on the Lean-Blow Out (LBO) phenomenon and aims at improving the understanding of the physical processes involved in the combustor blowoff and the calculations to predict this limit. The pre sent paper is mainly concerned with the computational component of that study, and specifically with the assessment of a Partially Stirred Reactor (PaSR) turbulent combustion model recently integrated in the Onera inhouse Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) code CEDRE. This combustion model, based on the Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) closure of Magnussen, is designed to describe the Turbulence ‐ Chemistry Interaction (TCI). Calculations have been performed to simulate a nominal operating point, and predict the LBO limit of the Research Ramjet combustion chamber. Significant results have been highlighted: 1) the PaSR combustion model yields results in good agreement with experimental data fo r the nominal operating point, and 2) the predicted LBO limit using the PaSR closure is fully satisfactory compared to the measurements.

In this paper, we proposed a new subgrid scale (SGS) model in large eddy simulation (LES) of a high Reynolds number turbulent flow. The traditional approaches are usually based on modeling of the non-resolved velocity field, and are customary invariant on the Reynolds number. When the Reynolds number is high, the flow at subgrid scales is intermittent and its structure is depending on the Reynolds number. To account for this, the new SGS model is focused on simulation of the non-resolved acceleration of fluid particle. With this model, an approximation of unfiltered velocity field is reconstructed by computation of the instantaneous model-equation introduced in the paper. The performed computation of a high Reynolds number stationary homogeneous turbulence reproduced qualitatively the effects of intermittency recently observed in experimental studies.

The authors have analyzed the results of an experimental-clinical investigation devoted to studying the efficiency of local treatment of trophic ulcers at the stage of healing using transplantation of dermal allogenic fibroblasts. The method was proved to accelerate epithelization and to shorten the time of preparing to operations for correction of the venous blood flow.

This paper addresses to simulation of a high Reynolds number flow with dispersed light particles. A new numerical approach is proposed in order to get access to the flow structure, which is not resolved by LES approach. Instead of filtered Navier-Stokes equation, the new approach is based on the instantaneous model-equation, where along with resolved acceleration in the gaseous phase, the contribution of subgrid acceleration is modeled stochastically in a way that satisfies the continuity equation. In the limit of zero turbulent viscosity, the model-equation reproduces the instantaneous Navier Stokes equation. The Langevin equation for the subgrid scale velocity increment is used. It is shown that the new approach allows to represent relatively well the velocity spectrum at subgrid scales. This approach is under the development; the first results showed that by accounting for inhomogeneity in the flow at small scales (intermittency), the acceleration of immersed solid particles may be substantially changed.Copyright © 2006 by ASME

A new light is shed upon Eulerian Monte Carlo (EMC) methods and their application to the simulation of turbulent reactive flows. A rapidly decorrelating velocity field model is used to derive stochastic partial differential equations (SPDE) allowing one to compute the modeled one-point joint probability density function of turbulent reactive scalars. Those SPDEs are shown to be hyperbolic advection/reaction equations. They are dealt with in a generalized sense, so that discontinuities in the scalar fields can be treated. The EMC method thus defined is coupled with a RANS solver and applied to the computation of a turbulent premixed methane flame over a backward facing step.

The paper presents the results of the ducted combustion test program on the supersonic mixing and combustion enhancement in scramjet combustor using aerated by gas (hydrogen or air) liquid kerosene (effervescent) jets injected through elliptic nozzles from tube-micropylons and fin-pylons. Kerosene jets were injected into two-dimensional diverging-area supersonic combustor in two ways: 1) through nozzles in tube-micropyl ons at an angle of 45 degrees relative to the mainstream air flow direction and 2) through the nozzles located at the base of fin-pylons. In the latter case co-flow injection was used. Tests were conducted at entrance Mach number M=2.5 and total temperature in the range Tt=1650-1800K. The tests results with using elliptic nozzles were compared to baseline results with circular nozzles. The axial static pressure distributions on the combustor walls and calculated pressure-area integrals showed that the effervescent kerosene sprays performed better for elliptic nozzles than for round nozzles at injection from tubemicropylons. Injection from fin-pylons did not show noticeable difference in combustion efficiency for elliptic and round nozzles.

The article presents results of treatment of 53 patients with acute thrombosis of profound veins of various localizations by means of a new home thrombolytic drug, physiologic activator plasminogen--renokinase. High effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy with good rehabilitation or marked clinical improvement was obtained in 79% of the patients. Renokinase is areactogenic and may be used many times.