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Subject. The article considers financial activity as a complex, systemic concept, the final result of which is the redistribution of financial resources – the formation of a new financial reality. Objectives. The aim is to show that financial activity is a complex process. It includes, firstly, the formation of virtual reality as a model of a real transaction. Secondly, the materialization of virtual reality into a new financial reality, defined as a new financial condition of the entity resulting from a transaction, the consequence of which is the redistribution of financial resources. Methods. The study rests on principles and methods of systems analysis, the interdisciplinary approach to the subject of analysis, i.e. a transaction. The transaction is considered as an elementary component of the economy, i.e. ‘a quantum of the economy’. Results. I constructed a system model of transaction as a whole, including the elements of cognitive and material activity. The paper gives a definition of financial activity as a complex process, which includes an element of cognitive activity and an element of materialization of its results in reality. The final result of financial activity is the redistribution of resources of parties to the transaction. This is equivalent to the formation of a new financial reality, different from their original financial condition. Conclusions. The study shows that traditional representation of financial activity is only a consequence of cognitive process and materialization of virtual reality as a model of possible financial behavior. Such a representation requires a formation of a certain way of thinking that ‘fits in’ the functioning of artificial intelligence systems.

Subject. The article considers the economics (economic system) and its ontology in the context of information and communication technologies. Objectives. The aim is to develop a common approach to unambiguous and overall interpretation, understanding and definition of such concepts as economics, "digital economy", digitalization and digital transformation from the perspective of widespread use of digital information and communication technologies and the need to form an adequate way of thinking. Methods. The study draws on principles and methods of systems analysis and interdisciplinary approach to the subject of analysis. Results. I offer a new approach to the analysis and definition of the systemic concept of economy and the term "digital economy". The proposed institutional model of the economic system is presented as a methodological basis for understanding the essence of the term "digital economy" and for developing the methods to determine the depth of penetration of information and communication technologies into the economy. Conclusions. Information and communication technologies, including digital ones, are a means of increasing the efficiency of economic system functioning. The notion "digital economy" does not exist. This is a widespread use of digital information and communication technologies in the economy. Production and information technologies, representing the elements of the economic system, should be considered in unity as complementary assets with a synergistic effect that caused the nonlinearity of social dynamics.

Subject. The article addresses leasing activity considered from interdisciplinary positions: economics, law, finance. Objectives. The aim is to develop modern views and approaches to the definition and analysis of leasing and rental activities. Methods. The study rests on principles and methods of systems analysis. Results. I offered new approaches to consideration and systematization of fundamental differences in leasing and rental activities, developed an overall integrated model of leasing activity, enabling to present it from economic, legal, and financial position as a set of functional subjects of leasing activity and infrastructure elements in the form of financial instruments and a legislative framework. The proposed model of leasing activity is focused on analytical description of functioning and formation of digital leasing platforms, with the possibility to use artificial intelligence systems or its elements. Conclusions. The identified and systematized differences in leasing and rental activities are focused on creating a mechanism to stimulate the modernization of the national economy. The offered systems approach to the formation of a model of leasing activity is geared to the possibility of using digital financial instruments, including artificial intelligence. The proposed model forms a new way of economic thinking and understanding of the essence of leasing and rental activities. This approach to the theory of organization of leasing activities is quite new for specialists in the financial and banking sector, and has positive development trends.

Subject. The article considers smart contracts as digital financial instruments, their financial and economic essence, which is defined as digital instruments for the settlement of financial relations. Objectives. The aim is to introduce into scientific use such a system concept as digital financial instruments and mechanisms based on the consideration of their economic, legal and financial essence. Methods. The study rests on systems approach that enables to present a smart contract from a technological, economic, legal and financial position as a set of elements with their specific functions defining its complex concept. Results. We reveal the nature of financial relations, arising at the time when bilateral or multilateral transactions are concluded and smart contracts are presented as ways to automatically settle them. Completion of a smart contract is a confirmation of the completion of the transaction and the moment of termination of financial relationship. The article shows the fundamental possibility of using smart contracts in the system of budget relations as a tool for the settlement of a multilateral transaction. Conclusions. Currently, smart contracts are an essential element of a new stage in the development of financial technologies. Specialists in the financial and banking sector recognize the emerging opportunities for their use in the system of financial relations. The paper shows an example of possible use of smart contracts in the settlement of budget relations and in improving the utilization efficiency of budget funds.

The physicochemical characteristics of crystals of oxide sodium vanadate bronze grown from their own melts by the Czochralski method as an advanced material for the development of active probes of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) have been studied. Examples of the application of sodium vanadate bronze single crystals as active probes have been considered. The active probes can be used for the fabrication of nanosized surface layers by the emission of active ions from the structural channels of oxide vanadate bronze on a substrate (emitter) or for cleaning substrate surfaces on the atomic level by gettering impurity ions from a substrate into the oxide bronze channel structure (nanogetter).

The flow of a gaseous mixture of hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide through a model reservoir with a stationary hydrocarbon liquid phase has been investigated theoretically and experimentally. The possibility of the onset of liquid-phase flow as a result of the accumulation of gaseous products is demonstrated.

Thus, by constructing polymeric composites it is possible to alter the damping properties of metal structures reinforced with composites over a wide range, and to make it possible to obtain the required material properties for the structure.