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Introduction. Etoricoxib is a selective cyclooxygenase (COX-2) inhibitor used for the treatment of acute pain and has anti-inflammatory and analgesic efficacy. Etoricoxib causes fewer complications compared to other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). FSI "SID and GP" has developed an ophthalmic liquid dosage form based on etoricoxib. This article proposes a method for determining the content of etoricoxib in a liquid dosage form by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection.Aim. Development and validation of a method for the quantitative determination of etoricoxib in liquid dosage form.Materials and methods. Eye drops with a concentration of the active substance etoricoxib of 0.05 % were used for the analysis, a standard sample of etoricoxib (Kekule Pharma Limited, India, series ACE-3 WS001/15). Chromatographic separation performed on an Agilent 1220 Infinity II LC high performance liquid chromatograph (Agilent Technologies, USA) equipped with a gradient pump, a column thermostat, and a diode array detector. The analysis carried out on a Kromasil C8 column 250 × 4.6 mm, using acetonitrile and 0.05 M buffer solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate pH = 4.2 as a mobile phase in a ratio of 46 : 54. The analysis time was 15 minutes at a detection wavelength of 235 nm.Results and discussion. A method for the quantitative determination of etoricoxib in a liquid dosage form developed and validated according to the following indicators: specificity, linearity, accuracy, range, intermediate precision, repeatability.Conclusion. According to the results of validation tests, all of the listed parameters meet the acceptance criteria. The proposed method characterize by high efficiency and specificity.

Micronized purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF) is the original phlebotropic drug. Its marketed form (Detralex®) consists of 90% diosmin and 10% of other flavonoids. Calculated as hesperidin, it is the most widely used drug today. Diosmin and hesperidin, which are parts of the majority of venoactive drugs, are sparingly water-soluble compounds, and this feature can effect on their clinical efficacy. One of the ways to increase the solubility of these compounds leading to an increase in bioavailability, is the micronization of the active ingredients.The aim of the investigation is a comparative determination of the dynamics and dissolution efficiency of the drugs containing bioflavonoid fractions in the dissolution test, as well as the analysis of the micronization degree and its impact on technology and biopharmaceutical parameters.Materials and methods. A biopharmaceutical release profile was determined using HPLC. Disintegration, characteristics of the shape and size of the tablets’ particles were determined according to the methods of the State Pharmacopoeia of the XIV-th edition.Results. The objects created with the use of diosmin and hesperidin, have been considered in detail. The role of technological solutions in relation to the corresponding dosage forms is notified. Detailed biopharmaceutical characteristics have been established with a choice of HPLC-based release control methodology. All the drugs in this group have a low water solubility leading to the maximum bioavailability for Detralex® which is about 1.26%; and no more than 0.2% for other analyzed models.Conclusion. Detralex® dominates among the analyzed objects (tablets) in terms of the release rate. With regard to the overall quantitative indicators of release, the actual numbers are quite low, which is associated with the poor water solubility of the active substances.

Introduction. Currently, for the treatment of gastric ulcer, drugs with a combined effect are used. To eliminate possible side effects of the drugs used, the search for new molecules to create more effective and safe histamine H2 receptors continues. As a possible solution to these problems, we investigated the substance dinitrate of 2-phenyl-9-diethylaminoethylimidazo[1,2-α]benzimidazole (DFDB).Aim. The aim of this study was to obtain 2-phenyl-9-diethylaminoethylimidazo[1,2-α]benzimidazole dinitrate tablets and develop methods for quality control.Materials and methods. The object of study was tablets based on the substance DF DB. The physicochemical and technological properties of the tablet dosage form were studied. Pharmaco-technological and physico-chemical indicators were determined according to the methods of the State Pharmacopoeia of the XIV edition. Identification and quantitative determination of DFDB in tablets was performed by HPLC.Results and discussion. Based on the physico-chemical properties and determination of the main technological indicators of DFDB, an optimal tableting technology has been developed. The optimal composition of tablets has been developed. Identification of tablets is proposed to be carried out using HPLC in comparison with the standard sample of DFDB. Related impurities, according to the data obtained, do not exceed 0.1 %. We found that the tablets do not have an antimicrobial effect. The analyzed tablets correspond to category 3A. The content of DFDB should be from 95 to 105 % of the declared amount in one tablet. During the analysis, we conducted biopharmaceutical and technological studies of the finished dosage form during storage under the conditions of long-term stability testing in polymer cans with screw-on lids. It is shown that the selected composition of excipients and the production technology ensure the stability of the finished dosage form for two years of storage under the observed conditions. To select the tableting technology, the main technological properties of the DFDB substance are analyzed. The choice of excipients and the composition of the film coating was carried out.Conclusion. The technology is developed and standardization of tablets based on the substance DFDB is proposed.

Introduction. This review describes the physicochemical properties that determine the use of hyaluronic acid in ophthalmology. We have studied methods for determining hyaluronic acid using various analytical methods.Text. Hyaluronic acid is a high molecular weight glycosaminoglycan that consists of repeating disaccharides of N-acetylglucosamine and D-glucuronic acid. Carboxyl, hydroxyl and acetoamide groups give hydrophilic properties to the molecule of this anionic heteropolysaccharide. Depending on how the hyaluronic acid is obtained, its molecular weight varies over a wide range. Researchers developed methods for controlling hyaluronic acid, which include the turbidimetric titration method, the method of high-performance capillary electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography and IR spectroscopic method.Conclusion. Due to its properties, hyaluronic acid is widely used as an active ingredient in pharmaceutical preparations. Today, there are a number of methods for the determination of hyaluronic acid, including the method of turbidimetric titration, the method of capillary electrophoresis. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and IR spectroscopy methods are presented in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia and the European Pharmacopoeia. These techniques are widely used due to their high reproducibility, accuracy, and relative simplicity.

The article deals with neopragmatist themes of contingency, irony and solidarity in the context of the contemporary movement in continental philosophy, speculative realism. Despite the fact that many representatives of this trend have repeatedly spoken about Richard Rorty exclusively in a critical spirit, their critical strategies, which aspire to overcome representationalism (Rorty) and correlationism (speculative realism) in philosophy, intersect in many important respects. Thus, Rorty and Meillassoux approach the concept of contingency that underlies their projects in a similar vein. There is a parallelism between the contingency of language and its constituent vocabularies in Rorty, on the one hand, and the contingency of world in Meillassoux, on the other. From the point of view of both philosophers, there is no all-encompassing entity, either within language («meta-vocabulary») or within the world («universe of all universes»). At the same time, the realistic argument based on the «ancestrality problem» (formulated by Meillassoux), which allows us to make judgments about reality as a reality which pre-exists our judgments about it without relying on some form of correlation/representation, is reproduced in a neopragmatist context by Robert Brandom, the follower of Rorty. The texts of speculative realists (Quentin Meillassoux, Graham Harman, Ian Bogost, Ray Brassier) are then analyzed in terms of the concept of irony. At the end of the article the social-philosophical and ethical implications of the projects of Rorty and Meillassoux are considered. The similarity of the utopias built by Rorty and Meillassoux allows us to conclude that Meillassoux’s project is very close in his spirit to liberal ideology

Aim. The study was conducted to improve the results of the surgical treatment of acute calculous cholecystitis occurring against the background of diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. In course of our study, we analyzed the treatment results of 687 patients with acute calculous cholecystitis. Depending on the presence of diabetes, all patients were divided into two groups. The main group with concomitant diabetes mellitus included 68 (9,9%) patients, whereas the control group without diabetes included 619 (90,1%) patients. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed on 636 (92,6%) patients, and open cholecystectomy was performed on 51 (7,4%) patients. Results. According to the histological study, the greatest number of destructive forms occurs in patients with concomitant diabetes, operated after 24 hours. The least postoperative complications occur in patients of both groups operated from 12 to 24 hours. However, the incidence of complications is 4-5 times higher in patients with diabetes mellitus. Postoperative complications in patients with acute calculous cholecystitis occurring on the background of sugar diabetes were observed after open cholecystectomy in 33,3% of cases and in 6,5% of cases after laparoscopic surgery.Conclusion In patients with acute cholecystitis and concomitant diabetes, surgical treatment should be performed on the first day after the preoperative preparation during the first 12 hours, aimed at compensating for diabetes and improving microcirculation. The preference should be given to laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which reduces the number of postoperative complications by 5 times and mortality by 4.5 times.

This article on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) focuses on the definition, epidemiology and pathophysiology as a means of understanding optimal treatment strategies, considered more standard and new methods of treating IBS.

Abstract Background A new sensor for estimating elasticity of soft tissues such as a liver was developed for minimally invasive surgery application. Methods By measuring deformation and adjusting internal pressure of the pneumatic sensor head, the sensor can be used to do palpation (indentation) of tissues with wide range of stiffness. A video camera installed within the sensor shell is used to register the radius of the contact area. Based on finite element model simulations and the measured data, elastic modulus of the indented soft tissue can be calculated. Results and conclusions Three phantom materials, namely plastic, silicone and gelatin, with varied stiffness were tested. The experimental results demonstrated that the new sensor can obtain highly reliable data with error less than 5%. The new sensor might be served as an instrument in laparoscopic surgery for diagnosis of pathological tissues or internal organs.

The paper specifies the function and meaning of a series of mobilliary art objects within the Neolithic-Eneolithic belief system inSiberia. A group of objects are determined as pendants which people had with them or fixed to their clothes as amulets or lucky hunting aid.

Analytical analysis of the spread of the radioactive aerosol-based verification of the mathematical model of its movement and deposition was carried out. Nonlinear mathematical model in curvilinear coordinates and on its base the expression for determining the activity of the emission source, using the results of measurements of wind speed with simultaneous fence aerosols filtroejection unit installed on unmanned aircraft was received.

The paper focuses on researching the meaning of Siberian figurines of the Neolithic and Chalcolithic Period. The figurines are considered to be symbols of power and ritual items. The research was conducted in the context of the places where the figurines were found. Typological analysis and suppositions of the expected function of the figurines were made as well.

Cформульовано гамільтонову задачу про сільського листоношу, яка є узагальненням гамільтонової задачі комівояжера. Запропоновано модифікацію класичного методу гілок та меж (методу Літтла), яка дозволяє знаходити точний розв’язок гамільтонової задачі про сільського листоношу або коректно встановити його відсутність.