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There are a number of factors and agents that change the population of endocrinocytes and their secretory activity depending on various conditions and experimentally formed pathologies. These include the impact of intermittent hypoxic hypoxia; experimentally formed pathology (diabetes); genetically formed pathology (arterial hypertension), direct effect on endocrinocytes of the pancreas with their own pathophysiological mechanism. In this context, it is interesting to analyze the state of the progenitor potential of alpha cells depending on the living conditions of the organism, its effects, and developing pathological conditions in it. The aim of the work is to determine the activity of the proliferative factor c-kit in alpha cells under exogenous factors – intermittent hypoxic hypoxia and endogenously formed pathology – arterial hypertension and diabetes. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the pancreas of SHR and Wistar rats. Glucagon and c-kit in pancreatic islets were determined by the immunofluorescence method. The immunofluorescence reaction was studied with an AxioImager-M2 fluorescence microscope. Results. Analysis of the c-kit positive alpha-cell index in rats with diabetes showed a 5-fold increase. This was explained by the fact, that the development of hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus was characterized not only by an increased level of glucose in the blood due to insufficient insulin production but also due to an increase in the number of alpha cells, their active proliferation and possible transdifferentiation from beta cells. The number of c-kit positive alpha cells in SHR rats decreased. This may indicate that these changes were not so related to a violation of the modulation of the transcription factor, but to the participation of neurogenic mechanisms. The decrease in c-kit positive alpha cells in animals with hypoxic hypoxia can be explained by transdifferentiation (remodeling) changes, aimed at suppressing proliferative processes in alpha endocrinocytes. Conclusions. The increase in the number of c-kit positive alpha cells in rats with diabetes is explained by the fact, that the development of hyperglycemia in diabetes is characterized not only by an increased level of glucose in the blood due to insufficient insulin production but also by an increase in the number of alpha cells, their active proliferation and possible transdifferentiation from beta cells. A decrease in the number of c-kit positive alpha cells in SHR rats may indicate that these changes are not so much related to a violation of the modulation of the transcription factor, but to the participation of neurogenic mechanisms. The decrease in c-kit positive alpha cells in animals with hypoxic hypoxia can be explained by transdifferentiation (remodeling) changes, aimed at suppressing proliferative processes in alpha endocrinocytes.

The article proposes a method for calculating the required amount of equipment that allows an organization to correctly purchase a sufficient number of Holter ECG monitoring devices for functional diagnostics departments in order to meet the standards of medical care for patients with cardiac pathology in an outpatient setting. The method takes into account the volume of diagnostic studies performed and compares their number with the requirements of the standards. Holter ECG monitors are considered to be essential material expenditures of medical institutions to maintain proper medical and diagnostic process at the proper level. The functional features of the medical information system at the regional level in the Russian Federation are highlighted. Emphasis is placed on Holter monitoring of the electrocardiogram as one of methods for examining patients with cardiac pathology in relation to the standards of medical care for specific diseases.The essence and significance of the standards of medical care for the healthcare system in general and for the cardiological service, in particular, have been revealed. The article is intended for healthcare organizers and heads of structural divisions, services and departments of functional diagnostics.

Objective. Analysis of literature data of modern neurosurgical techniques in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation; clarification of the features of surgical tactics and results during microsurgical, endoscopic methods and laser thermoplastic of the intervertebral disk. Methods. A retrospective analysis of the results of conventional microdiscectomy (228 cases), laser disc decompression (22 observations) and percutaneos endoscopic discectomy (4 observations) for lumbar disc herniation from 2016 to 2018. The results of surgical treatment was assessed according to the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), modified MacNab criteria, and morphometric data of MRI and CT scans during the preoperative and postoperative periods, as well as 6 and 12 months after surgery. Results. The result of the study was a comparison of the literature data with those obtained in our clinic in the treatment of patients using all the indicated methods. On our material, we received confirmation of the feasibility and perspectivity of using minimally invasive methods in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation with low probability of recurrence and repeated treatment for pain. Also agree with the statement that the techniques have limited application, especially with instability in the VMS and multilevel lesion. Conclusion. Endoscopic discectomy, as well as laser disc decompression, are minimally invasive methods of treatment lumbar disc herniation, and have become an alternative to open lumbar microdiscectomy, as they allow minimizing surgical trauma, the effects of surgery, and quickly regress pain syndrome, contributing to early post-operative activation of the patient. A personalized approach in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation is based on the competent selection of patients and the clarification of a number of factors in determining.

Analysis of the endocrine structure of the pancreas and assessment of its degree of heterogeneity is key to assessing such important physiological parameters as islet endocrinocyte mass in healthy people or functional reserve of β-cells in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The aim of the study is to perform a comparative planimetric analysis of pancreatic islets of normotensive Wistar rats and hypertensive SHR rats, using the method of double immunofluorescent staining of endocrinocytes. Materials and methods. The study was performed on the pancreas of SHR and Wistar rats. Insulin and glucagon in the islets of the pancreas were determined by immunofluorescence. The immunofluorescence reaction was studied with an AxioImager-M2 fluorescent microscope. Results. Planimetric analysis showed the presence of pancreatic islets of all types in the pancreatic tissue of SHR and Wistar rats. The number of single endocrinocytes in SHR hypertensive animals was 2.3 times higher (P < 0.001), and the number of giant islets was 34.2 % higher (P < 0.001), than in normotensive Wistar rats. The presence of regions in some endocrinocytes, that show immunoreactivity to both hormones at once – insulin and glucagon. Such areas were present in islets of all types of both rat lines, however, the total rates in hypertensive rats of the SHR line were 21.8 % lower (P < 0.001), than in normotensive rats of the Wistar line. Conclusions. Planimetric analysis showed, that the pancreatic islets in normotensive Wistar rats and hypertensive SHR rats occupy 1.4 % of the cross-sectional area of the pancreas. In hypertensive rats the SHR line in the gland by 16.9 % larger total area of the material immunoreactive to insulin. In contrast to Wistar rats, the number of single α-endocrinocytes in the pancreas of hypertensive SHR rats was significantly increased.

Upregulation of glycolysis and downregulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, termed as the Warburg effect, are characteristic of tumor cells1,2. Restriction of pyruvate flux into the mitochondrial matrix is one of the major mechanisms underlying this phenomenon3. Warburg-type metabolism is beneficial for rapidly proliferating cells, however its function remains unclear. Moreover, it is unknown what the metabolic consequences of activation of mitochondrial respiration in Warburg-type cancer cells are. Here we created a chemogenetic instrument, Grubraw, that generates pyruvate directly in the mitochondrial matrix bypassing restricted pyruvate influx. In cancer cells, Grubraw-driven pyruvate synthesis in the matrix increased mitochondrial membrane potential, oxygen consumption rate, and the amounts of TCA cycle intermediates. In a mouse model of human melanoma xenografts, chemogenetic activation of mitochondria caused a decrease in tumor growth rate. Surprisingly, cancer cells actively exported pyruvate generated by Grubraw in the mitochondria into the extracellular medium. Our results demonstrate that cells with Warburg-type metabolism use a previously unknown mechanism of carbon flux control to dispose of excessive mitochondrial pyruvate.

Modern scientific research shows that often violations of the structure and function of the hippocampus can lead to the onset of epilepsy. The hippocampal formation and the amygdala are important anatomical structures involved in the development of local discharges of epileptiform activity and temporal lobe epilepsy. It accounts for up to 25 % of all epileptic syndromes, and among locally caused symptomatic epilepsy — up to 60–70 %. At the same time, temporal lobe epilepsy is considered as a pathology with an initial imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms of the neocortex, which occurs under the influence of various endoand exogenous factors during early embryogenesis. The scientific literature presents various pathophysiological theories of exactly how the hippocampus is involved in the development of epileptic seizures. Anatomically, the hippocampus has a relatively poor blood supply, and inhibitory interneurons are deep intraparenchymal structures, making them more susceptible to factors such as hypoxia, ischemia, and oxidative stress. This article addresses issues related not only to changes in the structure and function of the hippocampus, but also aspects of neu rophysiological diagnosis and prognosis. In addition, an evidence base is provided on the possibility of achieving remission of seizures after the use of neurosurgical methods of treatment.

Розглянуто реалізацію відповідних способів та прийомів для підтримки безпечних умов виживання людини у водному середовищі, підготовку до дій у різних аварійних ситуаціях з використанням індивідуальних рятувальних засобів (рятувальні кола, рятувальні жилети, гідрокостюми та теплозахисні засоби, рятувальні мережі та трали) згідно Міжнародному Кодексу з рятувальних засобів (Кодекс ЛСА) викладені загальні вимоги щодо суднових рятувальних засобів, які стосуються виготовлення, встановлення та оснащення суднових рятувальних засобів, підготовлені на базі положень частини 3 глави III «Рятувальні засоби та пристрої» Конвенції SOLAS-74. Сприятливий результат виживання багато в чому залежить від його психофізіолгічних та фізичних якостей, міцних знань основ безпеки життєдіяльності, виживання та інших факторів. При короткочасній загрозі людина діє на чуттєвому рівні, про якусь волю до життя в таких випадках годі й говорити. В умовах автономного довготривалого виживання настає критичний момент, коли безглуздість подальшого опору пригнічують волю. Бажання вижити має бути усвідомленим, цілеспрямованим і має диктуватися як інстинктом, а й усвідомленою необхідністю. Моральна готовність до аварійної ситуації на морі, насамперед, передбачає знання прийомів та засобів самопорятунку. Необхідно знати, як правильно використовувати наявні індивідуальні та колективні рятувальні засоби. Невмілі дії при використанні рятувальних засобів нерідко призводять до їхнього руйнування або малоефективного використання. Часто під час аварій на воді рятувальники виявляють загиблих. Виною тому є неправильне використання рятувальних засобів. Саме тому на суднах створюютьс я всі необхідні умови для розгортання індивідуальних та колективних рятувальних засобів. Також, приділяється особлива увага навчанню екіпажу грамотно застосовувати це обладнання.

Abstract This study is devoted to the development of amplifying paths for plasma diagnostics, a significant part of which use semiconductor detectors as sensors that form low-intensity current signals. One feature of these diagnostics is the oscillographic form of registering sensor signals. In tandem with detectors, broadband transimpedance amplifiers that are based on operational amplifiers are used to amplify and normalize sensor signals. The principles of constructing such amplifying paths are considered taking the factors affecting their final noise and frequency characteristics into account. Practical examples of the construction of amplifying paths of corpuscular and neutron plasma diagnostics, as well as the Thomson-scattering diagnostics, that are used at the plasma installations of the Institute of Nuclear Physics (Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences) are presented.

Carcinoid of small intestine - the cause of gastro-intestinal hemorrhage and acute ileus

This article presents data on the contents of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, and Cd in the tissues of the tunic, muscular sac, stomach, digestive gland, and gonads of the ascidian Halocynthia aurantium Pallas, 1787 from Peter the Great Bay and Kievka Bay (Sea of Japan). The physiologically important elements Fe, Mn, and Zn prevailed in almost all organs of ascidians in terms of their concentration levels. Patterns of metal distribution in the organs and tissues of H. aurantium were determined depending on their age. The levels of content of Zn, Mn, and Cu were similar in the organs of 2- and 3-year-old individuals. The element concentrations were highest in the digestive gland (Zn), stomach (Zn, Cu), tunic (Mn), and gonads (Cu). The content of Mn in the tunic of H. aurantium from different biotopes was higher compared to other organs. The content of Pb in the tissues of H. aurantium from Kievka Bay was higher than that of the tissues of ascidians from the other studied localities.

High-efficiency harmonic generation is observed in a semiconducting polymer RR-P3HT [regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene)], which exhibits a high nonlinear susceptibility [χ (2) > 10−6 m V−1] under pumping by a pulsed fibre laser. The harmonic generation efficiency in RR-P3HT is comparable or higher than that observed for liquid crystals, which are used in reference experiments to estimate the susceptibility [the quadratic susceptibility of a nematic liquid crystal NLC 1289 is χ (2) ≈ 2 × 10−6 m V−1]. No generation is observed in polythiophene with a random structure, RRa-P3HT [regiorandom poly(3-hexylthiophene)], at the same pump power. It is experimentally demonstrated that a necessary condition for generating the second and third harmonics in a polymer, along with a high pump power density, is the presence of a large power density gradient (exceeding 1013 W m−3). Based on a preliminary theoretical analysis, we can suggest that the quadrupole mechanism, which is a consequence of the regularity of RR-P3HT structure in the thin near-wall layer, may contribute significantly to the nonlinear radiation conversion in semiconducting polymers.

Over the past twenty years, various strategic development concepts and programs, as well as federal targeted programs, have been implemented in the Russian Federation. In this regard, it should be noted that this experience of long-term planning has created significant opportunities for using the project management method in the state and municipal sector. The article presents the results of a small retrospective analysis of the emergence of the project management method. It is noted that in our country, the application of the project management method began in the 60-ies first in construction and industry, and then in other sectors of the economy. The concept and essence of the project management method are considered. The project management process is defined as the solution of some tasks. Further, it should be noted that in Russia today, the application of an innovative method of project management in various fields and areas is developing, as well as the active implementation of various national projects. It is obvious that in the Russian Federation, the use of an innovative method of project management at the state level is directly related to the implementation of national projects. This study is devoted to the application of the project management method as an innovation in public administration at the regional and municipal levels in the process of implementing public policy, as well as attempts to find solutions for the development of the project management method in the state and municipal sector. To this end, the article assesses the current state of implementation of the project management method and determines the prospects for its development in the state and municipal sector.

The aim of the work is to study the changes in the pulse wave velocity in ischemic heart disease, depending on concomitant diseases. A total of 73 patients with coronary heart disease were examined. It is shown that the speed of pulse wave propagation through the main arteries is influenced not only by the underlying disease, but also by the presence of concomitant pathology. The maximum increase in the velocity of pulse wave propagation in elastic-type arteries was observed in patients with diabetes mellitus.

The authors consider the possibilities of using the information server “Your Choice” in the nutrition of students as an electronic tool for the formation of the correct choice of school ration dishes, food culture, data on the taste preferences of Moscow schoolchildren, an assessment of the consumption of words from the school menu according to the pre-order system with using an electronic server. The school menu was assessed according to the “Your Choice” pre-order system, which retains the positions of the most consumed, favorite dishes by children, so that the child eats the proposed range at school in full at each meal. Parents may know how to feed the child at home to replenish the daily physiological needs for nutrients and energy. According to preliminary results, a hygienic assessment of the proposed alternative diet options and a hygienic assessment of the existing forms of ordering rations in general educational institutions using the innovative electronic system for choosing an alternative food ration “Your Choice” by Moscow schoolchildren showed a higher eatability of the selected dishes up to 89-90%. The authors recommend using the digital system “Your Choice” to completeness the eatability of the proposed dishes, formation of correct eating habits, and assessment of schoolchildren’s nutrition. A comparative analysis of catering and existing menus with new developments (alternative meals for schoolchildren) showed that equipping a school canteen with gadgets and tablets helps to pass identification much faster when schoolchildren receive lunch in an educational institutions, compared to the usual payment and catering system.

In the present work, the results of study of the composition, microstructure, and strength properties of composite coatings based on titanium and titanium carbide obtained using two different surface treatment methods—electric arc method in an electrolyte and laser method—are presented. It is shown that the coating parameters affecting the strength properties of samples, such as the morphology and size of carbide grains in the coating composition along with the coating thickness, are significantly easier to adjust using the laser cladding method.

В статье раскрывается актуальность проблемы организации театрализованной деятельности детей дошкольного возраста, а также дается определение понятий «театрализованная деятельность» и «кейс-ситуация». Авторы приводят примеры кейс-ситуаций, связанных с необходимостью организации детьми театрализованной деятельности на основе детских произведений.

Hypophosphatemic rickets (HR) is agenetically heterogeneous disease that is accompanied by hypophosphatemia, skeletal (rickets-like) disorders, growth retardation in children and adults and by damage of other organs and systems. Its incidence is 3.9 cases per 100.000 live births, and the prevalence ranges from 1.7 per 100,000 children to 4.8 per 100,000 people (children and adults). The study was aimed on the investigation of diagnostic features and treatment strategy of different HR subtypes and evaluation of the effectiveness of therapy. Three cases of patients with HR from two families have been described. Laboratory and instrumental investigations were used to confirm the HR. Genetic diagnosis was done using next-generation target sequencing (tNGS) (skeletal dysplasia panel). General clinical features of skeletal disorders (e.g. severe deformity of the lower extremities from early childhood) and growth retardation were observed in patients with HR. All patients had hypophosphatemia with normal/slightly elevated or decreased PTH levels. All patients underwent repeated surgical treatment (without appropriate laboratory and genetic testing and correction of phosphorus-calcium metabolism), which turned out to be ineffective and led to disability. In two patients from one family, genetic testing confirmed the presence of heterozygous pathogenic PHEX variant, and in one— ahomozygous SLC34A3 variant. Normophosphatemia was achieved in agirl with SLC34A3 after starting therapy with the phosphorus supplements. In patients with PHEX variant, treatment with calcitriol, cholecalciferol and phosphorus supplements had little effect (P levels increased but normalization was not achieved), thus only burosumab proved to be rational therapy for such patients. Prior to any corrective surgery, athorough laboratory and genetic examination should be performed to compensate the phosphorus-calcium metabolism. Timely initiation of pathogenetic conservative treatment can improve bone structure and final growth, as well as reduce the need for corrective surgery., Гіпофосфатемічний рахіт (ГФР)— генетично гетерогенне захворювання, що супроводжується гіпофосфатемією, скелетними (рахітоподібними) порушеннями, затримкою росту дітей і дорослих та ураженням інших органів і систем. Його частота становить 3,9 випадку на 100 тис. дітей, народжених живими, поширеність варіює від 1,7 випадку на 100тис. дітей до 4,8 випадку на 100 тис. осіб (дітей і дорослих). Вивчено особливості діагностики і стратегію вибору лікування різних форм ГФР та оцінено ефективність проведеної терапії. Описано три випадки пацієнтів з ГФР із двох сімей. Для підтвердження ГФР використано лабораторне та інструментальне обстеження. Генетичну діагностику проведено за допомогою таргетногосеквенуваннянаступного покоління (tNGS) (панель скелетних дисплазій). У пацієнтів з ГФР спостерігали спільні клінічні ознаки скелетних порушень (зокрема виразну деформацію нижніх кінцівок з раннього дитинства) та затримку росту. Всі пацієнти мали гіпофосфатемію при нормальному/незначно підвищеному або зниженому рівні паратгормону. Всім пацієнтам проведено неодноразове хірургічне лікування (без відповідного лабораторного та генетичного обстеження і корекції показників фосфорно-кальцієвого обміну), яке було неефективним та призвело до інвалідизації. У двох пацієнтів з однієї родини генетичне дослідження підтвердило наявність гетерозиготних патогенних мутацій у гені PHEX, у третього— гомозиготну мутацію в гені SLC34A3. У дівчинки з мутацією в гені SLC34A3 після призначеної терапії добавками фосфору вдалося досягти нормофосфатемії. У пацієнтів з мутацією у гені PHEX лікування препаратами кальцитріолу, холекальциферолом та фосфорними добавками мало незначну ефективність (рівень фосфору збільшився, але нормалізувати його вміст не вдалося), тому доцільним методом терапії у таких пацієнтів є лише застосування буросумабу. До виконання будь-яких коригувальних операції слід провести ретельне лабораторне і генетичне обстеження та компенсувати показники фосфорно-кальцієвого обміну. Вчасно розпочате патогенетичне консервативне лікування може поліпшити структуру кісткової тканини та кінцевий ріст, а також зменшити потребу у коригувальних операціях. &nbsp

The proposed article considers the need to recognize the economic utility and social value of human resources, the development of which requires investment in comparison with other types of economic resources. The urgency of solving the problem of functioning of higher education system is dictated by the need to apply new approaches to the management of an educational institution. Successful companies focus their efforts on creating and developing a management system for educational institutions designed to work effectively with intellectual resources that are becoming less used today. All these circumstances explain the emergence of a special interest of scientists and practitioners in the management of intellectual capital and the effectiveness of the knowledge process. In this regard, there is a need for constant updating and change, which means that knowledge is always innovative. At the same time, the most interesting are the ways of transforming universities into a new type of organization focused on meeting the needs of the market, making a profit, developing innovative technologies, supporting high-tech research projects and managing them. Close interaction of business corporations with the University community, forms a diversified financial base, develops contacts with business, society and the state, and encourages the widespread use of initiative and support for innovation in the scientific and educational environment. The new conceptual approach has enriched the practice with progressive methods and technologies for managing people in a complex innovative environment. The priorities were flexible forms of labor use, continuous improvement of the quality of human resources, new approaches to organizing and stimulating labor, and addressing cultural and ethical factors of labor productivity and quality of life. The main components of scientific novelty are the regulation and mutual influence of the functioning infrastructure and the applied methodology of higher education.

This work reports the main findings of the studies related to the problem of liquid radioactive waste utilization conducted at the Institute of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, in 2013–2018. It has been shown that, during the electrochemical treatment of model aqueous solutions containing Co-EDTA, the complex is destroyed and cobalt precipitates in the form of oxides, hydroxides, and spinel of variable compositions.

The Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor presents priority data obtained from the largescale population PCR-based study of the changes in the rates of circulation of SARS-CoV-2 among relatively healthy residents of Moscow and Moscow Region.

The development of energy systems based on high specific power hydrogen–air fuel cells using domestic nanostructured materials and technologies is an urgent task. The technologies used for manufacturing proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEM FC) by the Russian company BMPower using Pt/C-electrocatalysts of the PM series produced by another Russian company, Prometheus R&D, are presented. It has been shown that, in terms of their functional characteristics, catalysts of the PM series are superior to imported analogues. The use of the PM40 catalyst, as well as other innovative solutions in the field of nanotechnology (nanostructured coatings of bipolar plates, formation of an ionomer on the catalytic layer) makes it possible to achieve a specific power of more than 1 kW/kg in the PEM FC power module with air cooling.

Since April 2016 after global cessation of using trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (tOPV) and switch to bivalent OPV consisting of polioviruses types 1 and 3 (the “switch”), any isolation of type 2 poliovirus has been regarded as an event of extreme importance requiring investigation, risk assessment and decision making. In 2016, 2 cases of isolated vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 from healthy children was registered in Russia. Our study was aimed at on the assessing a risk of further spread of vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 and provide measures for preventing its further spread based on epidemiological investigation and genetic characteristics of the isolated viruses. The cases were revealed within the surveillance program for poliomyelitis and acute flaccid paralysis syndrome conducted in the Russian Federation. The laboratory investigation was carried out in accordance with the algorithm adopted in the Russian Federation and recommended by the WHO standards: virus isolation on RD, L20B and Hep2C cell cultures, identification in the neutralization reaction, intratyping differentiation by using RT-PCR in real-time mode, sequencing of the poliovirus genome fragments encoding the VP1 protein. A risk assessment for spread of vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 was performed in accordance with the WHO recommendations. There was uncovered a genetic relationship between virus strains isolated in September and December from unvaccinated Moscow resident boy (1 year old) who arrived from the Chechen Republic and from unvaccinated girl resident of the Chechen Republic (1 year old) with impaired humoral and cellular immunity. The virus strains were found to bear 10 and 13 genomic nucleotide substitutions, respectively, at the site encoding the VP1 protein compared with the Sabin type 2 vaccine strain that allowed to classify them as vaccine-derived polioviruses. In particular, both virus strains were shown to originate from the type 2 strain presented in the tOPV used shortly before the “switch”. Epidemiological investigation revealed family ties and probable contact between both children in the same premises. A series of organizational and vaccination measures was undertaken, as well as polio surveillance was strengthened in the region. No new type 2 polioviruses of vaccine origin were detected in the territory of the Chechen Republic during 18-month monitoring follow-up. The risk assessment of spread for vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 in a region, Russian Federation as well as cross-boundary spread identified it as “low,” requiring no use of type 2 monovalent OPV. Such experience for countermeasures may be taken into account to oppose the risks before and after the global certification for poliomyelitis eradication.

The aim — to determine the role and effectiveness of various surgical treatment methods for liver echinococcosis, depending on the type of echinococcal cyst, its location and size.Materials and methods. A treatment results analysis of 56 patients with liver echinococcosis who were treated in the clinic from 2008 to 2018 was performed. There were 42.9 % of men and 57.1 % of women. The mean age of the patients was 48 ± 2.3 years. The standard examination algorithm included mandatory contrast enhanced CT and the detection of antibodies to echinococcus in blood serum in addition to routine laboratory and instrumental tests. CL type of cysts were detected in 3 patients (5.4 %), type CE1 in 27 patients (48.2 %), type CE2 in 10 cases (17.9 %), type CE3 in 12 cases (21.4 %), type CE4 — 5 — in 4 patients (7.2 %). Patients underwent various surgical interventions, depending on the type of echinococcal cyst. PAIR was used in 3 patients (5.4 %), PAIRD was used in 7 patients (12.5 %). Echinococcectomy was performed in 17 patients (30.4 %) The open approach was performed in 8 patients (14.3 %), and laparoscopic approach — in 9 cases (16.1 %). Pericystectomy was performed in 19 patients (33.8 %)/The open approach was used in 16 cases (28.4 %), and laparoscopic approach — in 3 cases (5.4 %). In another 10 cases (17.9 %), liver resections varying from segmentectomy to hemihepatectomy were performed.Results and discussion.Bile leakage via the drainages of the abdominal cavity was observed in 7 cases (12.5 %). Allergic reactions of varying severity were observed in 3 cases (5.6 %). The recurrence of decease was noted in 2 patients (4 %). There was no lethality in this group of patients.Conclusions. The absence of a unified surgical tactics for liver echinococcosis requires the use of an individualized approach. The choice of treatment method depends on the location and size of the cyst, the stage of parasite development. Postoperative therapy with albendazole (mebendazole) in the presence of a live parasite is required. In the presence of a non‑living parasite (cysts of type CE4 — CE5) it is advisable to use observant tactics., Цель работы — определить роль и эффективность разных способов хирургического лечения эхинококкоза печени в зависимости от типа эхинококковых кист, их локализации и размера.Материалы и методы. Проанализированы результаты лечения в клинике Института общей и неотложной хирургии имени В. Т. Зайцева НАМН Украины в период с 2008 по 2018 г. 56 больных с эхинококкозом печени. Среди них мужчин было 42,9 %, женщин — 57,1 %. Средний возраст пациентов составил (48,0 ± 2,3) года. Стандартный алгоритм исследования, кроме рутинных лабораторных и инструментальных исследований, предусматривал обязательное выполнение компьютерной томографии с контрастным усилением и выявление антител к эхинококку в сыворотке крови. Кисты типа CL диагностированы у 3 (5,4 %) больных, типа CE1 — у 27 (48,2 %), типа СЕ2 — у 10 (17,9 %), типа СЕ3 — у 12 (21,4 %), типа СЕ4 и СЕ5 — у 4 (7,2 %). Пациентам были выполнены разные оперативные вмешательства в зависимости от типа эхинококковой кисты. Методика PAIR применена у 3 (5,4 %) больных, PAIRD — у 7 (12,5 %). Эхинококкэктомия выполнена у 17 (30,4 %) пациентов, в частности в открытом варианте — у 8 (14,3 %), в лапароскопическом — у 9 (16,1 %), перицистэктомия — у 19 (33,8 %), в частности в открытом варианте — у 16 (28,4 %), с использованием лапароскопического доступа — у 3 (5,4 %). Еще в 10 (17,9 %) наблюдениях проведены разные по объему резекции печени (от сегментэктомии до гемигепатэктомии).Результаты и обсуждение. Желчеистечение по дренажам брюшной полости отмечено в 7 (12,5 %) наблюдениях, аллергические реакции разной степени выраженности — в 3 (5,6 %), рецидив — в 2 (4,0 %). Случаев летального исхода не было.Выводы. Отсутствие единой хирургической тактики при эхинококкозе печени требует использования индивидуального подхода. Выбор метода лечения зависит от локализации и размера кисты, стадии развития паразита. Послеоперационная терапия альбендазолом (мебендазолом) при наличии живого паразита обязательна. В случае неживого паразита (кисты типа СЕ4 — СЕ5) целесообразно использовать выжидательную тактику., Мета роботи — визначити роль та ефективність різних способів хірургічного лікування ехінококозу печінки залежно від типу ехінококових кіст, їх локалізації та розміру.Матеріали і методи. Проаналізовано результати лікування в клініці Інституту загальної та невідкладної хірургії імені В. Т. Зайцева НАМН України в період з 2008 до 2018 р. 56 хворих з ехінококозом печінки. Серед них чоловіків було 42,9 %, жінок — 57,1 %. Середній вік пацієнтів становив (48,0 ± 2,3) року. Стандартний алгоритм дослідження, крім рутинних лабораторних та інструментальних досліджень, передбачав обов’язкове виконання комп’ютерної томографії з контрастним посиленням і виявлення антитіл до ехінококу в сироватці крові. Кісти типу CL діагностовано у 3 (5,4 %) хворих, типу CE1 — у 27 (48,2 %), типу СЕ2 — у 10 (17,9 %), типу СЕ3 — у 12 (21,4 %), типу СЕ4 та СЕ5 — у 4 (7,2 %). Пацієнтам були виконані різні оперативні втручання залежно від типу кісти. Методику PAIR застосовано у 3 (5,4 %) хворих, PAIRD — у 7 (12,5 %). Ехінококектомію виконано у 17 (30,4 %) пацієнтів, зокрема у відкритому варіанті — у 8 (14,3 %), в лапароскопічному — у 9 (16,1 %), перицистектомію — у 19 (33,8 %), зокрема у відкритому варіанті — у 16 (28,4 %), з використанням лапароскопічного доступу — у 3 (5,4 %). Ще в 10 (17,9 %) спостереженнях проведено різні за обсягом резекції печінки (від сегментектомії до гемігепатектомії).Результати та обговорення. Жовчовитікання по дренажах черевної порожнини відзначено в 7 (12,5 %) спостереженнях, алергічні реакції різного ступеня вираження — в 3 (5,6 %), рецидив — у 2 (4,0 %). Випадків летального наслідку не було.Висновки. Відсутність єдиної хірургічної тактики при ехінококозі печінки потребує використання індивідуального підходу. Вибір методу лікування залежить від локалізації та розміру кісти, стадії розвитку паразита. Післяопераційна терапія альбендазолом (мебендазолом) за наявності живого паразита обов’язкова. У разі неживого паразита (кісти типу СЕ4 — СЕ5) доцільно використовувати вичікувальну тактику.

Today, the concept of creating a “smart city” has become widespread, but ist practical implementation might differ from city to city. The paper presents the content of the “smart city” concept, the author's proposals for the definition of “smart city” are given. It is shown that in some large cities the necessary conditions have already been created for the introduction of some digital economy elements and innovative technologies into the urban space. It has been substantiated that clusters contribute to the creation of innovations for “smart cities”. Examples of real tools for the “smart cities"creation are presented.

Ivanenko T., Hrekova T., Abramova T., Shiryaeva A., Vasilenko G. Influence of experimental metabolic syndrome on bioimpedance spectroscopy indicators of rat body. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2021;11(08):470-479. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2021.11.08.053 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2021.11.08.053 https://zenodo.org/record/5559742 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2021; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.08.2021. Revised: 16.08.2021. Accepted: 31.08.2021. UDC: 616-008.9-092:616-092-055.1/.2]-073:577.352.2]-092.9 INFLUENCE OF EXPERIMENTAL METABOLIC SYNDROME ON BIOIMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY INDICATORS OF RAT BODY T. Ivanenko, T. Hrekova, T. Abramova, A. Shiryaeva, G. Vasilenko Zaporizhzhia State Medical University, Zaporozhzhia, Ukraine Ivanenkotv@i.ua Abstract The objective of this experiment was to establish sex-related differences in the parameters of bioimpedance spectroscopy of the Wistar rat’s bodies in the experimental metabolic syndrome (endocrine-salt model). Sexual dependencies of bioimpedance measurements in intact animals have been determined for the first time: males have higher amount of total fluid, but lower one of total fat. The intra/extracellular fluid balance in males is characterized with ratio 2:1, while in females is the other one - 1:1. For the first time the formation of the metabolic syndrome has already been determined on the seventh day in females which lead to decreasing in the percentage of total fat and to changing of the intra / extracellular fluid balance to ‘male’ type - 2:1. The last one should be considered as a sign of intracellular hyperhydration. In males the examined parameters have been being within the control values throughout 21 days of experiment. Key words: bioimpedance spectroscopy; sex-related differences; metabolic disorders; corticosteroids; rats.

We explored possibility to enhance spectroscopic capabilities of mid-IR optical parametric oscillators (OPOs). Gas analysis based on the principles of photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) [1] is known to be an efficient approach to measure concentration of certain gases (e.g., methane) in the atmosphere. Laser radiation source for PAS gas analyzer should provide high-energy pulsed output with narrow optical spectrum. There should be also possibility for fine tuning of its wavelength to a strong absorption line of the detected gas. Herein, we report an original high-energy pulsed OPO, in which the fan-out periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) and injection seeding technique were employed for spectral narrowing and fine wavelength tuning.

The conclusion of the Expert Council reports an agreement on the place of the P2Y 12 receptor blocker prasugrel in the early invasive treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome ACS, according to the results of the multicenter randomized controlled study ISAR-REACT 5. Prasugrel should be considered the preferred P2Y 12 receptor blocker in the planned primary percutaneous coronary intervention and early invasive management of patients with ST segment elevation ACS. Herewith, prasugrel intake in patients with non-ST segment elevation ACS is preferable after coronary angiography and decision for coronary stenting.

The article shows the main problems of application of risk assessment methodology in the work of the Office of Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare in the city of Moscow. There are established priorities on the improvement of the risk assessment methodology, the solution of which as a whole will ensure not only the integrity and objectivity of the results, but also help, eventually, to harmonize risk assessment in our country with the world's leading systems in this area.

Introduction. The high incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) in the population is largely determined by the significant prevalence of risk factors, including alimentaryones. Risk factors for MI are widely studied, however, forecasts of outcomes of MIare not associated with the prognostic significance of specific factors. Estimates have shown the prognostic significance of priority risk factors for myocardial infarction to remain virtually unexplored. Material and research methods. The object of the study was MI patients treated in hospital. The volume of the study was 162 MI patients (main group) and 140 practically healthy individuals (control group). The subject of the study was the calculation of prognostic coefficients (according to a special formula) based on the analysis of nutritional risk factors for myocardial infarction and an assessment of their prognosticity and prevalence. The sociological method-questioning of patients was applied. Results. The frequent consumption of salty and fatty foods, butter, a large amount of carbohydrate products, the presence of 2nd and 3rd degree obesity patients were establish to have the greatest prognostic value in MI patients. Monitoring highly predictive nutritional risk factors for MI allows identifying the priority preventive impacts, which, in addition, will not be passive, but active. The methodology for predicting the degree of risk of nutritional factors is confirmed in the context of comparative studies of experience and control groups. Conclusion. The identification of these nutritional risk factors in a patient visited the polyclinic allows attributing it to a risk group for the development of myocardial infarction with subsequent targeted laboratory and instrumental examination and registration with the dispensary. Assessment of the prevalence and prognostic significance of nutritional risk factors among MI patients provides opportunities for early detection of health abnormalities and the development of preventive actions.

The study is aimed at substantiating the model of managing the financial potential of enterprise in accordance with the functional approach, directions and mechanisms for its implementation, taking into account peculiarities of the activities of domestic enterprises of the real sectorof the economy. The relevance of modification of the model of management of the enterprise's financial potential in order to ensure development and restoration of production potential is substantiated. The nature and directions of the relationship between the components of the economic potential of enterprise in accordance with the functional approach to its structuring are determined as follows: financial, production, marketing, and operational. In order to ensure the accounting of the existing and prospective opportunities for financing the operation and investment activities, relevance of determination of the financial potential of enterprise as a capability of financial service of enterprise of creating sufficient amount of resources to ensure their operating and investment activities in accordance with the principle of their balance and effective use is proved. Contradictions in the use of the common method of integrated coefficients to assess the financial potential of enterprise are defined, related to: inconsistency of the goals of external and internal subjects of analysis; lack of detail between active and passive articles of reporting on the financial condition of enterprise; difficulty of substantiating the regulatory indicators; imperfection and disunity of the economic and accounting approaches to managing the enterprise's financial potential and resources. The theoretical model of managing the financial potential of enterprise is substantiated, which includes taking into account the factors of the formation and use of the enterprise's potential, the structure of potential; indicators of its use, hierarchical and network management models, methods of management and potential assessment. It is substantiated that the use of the model will help to activate all functionally interrelated components of the economic potential of enterprise.

Microwave radiometry is based on measurement of the intrinsic electromagnetic irradiation of a patient’s internal tissues in the ultra-high frequency range. It is used with success in clinical practice. Results of studies of the diagnostic potential of microwave radiometry in different forms of acute pyelonephritis, renal colic, and acute inflammatory diseases of the prostate have demonstrated its informativeness and safety and have determined the value of this method in complex (including early) diagnosis and for monitoring of treatment efficacy. Use of microwave radiometry has been shown to reduce the number of errors and to increase the informativeness of existing X-ray and ultrasound diagnostic methods at the early stages of acute inflammatory diseases of the kidneys and prostate.

This paper describes a data acquisition system for Thomson scattering diagnostics on a gas-dynamic trap (GDT) (the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia). It allows recording scattered laser radiation pulses of ~10-ns duration with 5-GSPS sampling rate and 14-bit amplitude resolution. The data acquisition system includes eight-channel high-speed recorders and photodetector modules. The photodetector modules are based on avalanche photodiodes and low-noise transimpedance amplifiers. The recording module design uses switched-capacitor array technology.

The manufacture of LiNbO3 and LiNbO3:Zn fine-grained powders by two variants of the sol–gel process was studied. The microstructure, mechanical and electric properties of LiNbO3 and LiNbO3:Zn ceramics prepared from powders of various origins were studied. The ceramics prepared from powders that had been fractionated by elutriation had uniform micro- and submicrostructure, improved strength characteristics, and ionic grain-boundary conductivity. Doping LiNbO3 with Zn2+ reduced the electronic conductivity of LiNbO3:Zn ceramics, and this allowed the ceramics to be efficiently polarized and their piezoelectric properties to be improved.

We have demonstrated that our patented water-soluble biocompatible polyolate precursors of silicon tetraglycerolate and silicon tetrapolyethylene glycolate can be successfully utilized in biomimetical mineralization of polysaccharides of different nature. By the example of chitosan (cationic), xanthan gum (anionic), and hydroxyethyl cellulose (uncharged) polysaccharides, an accelerating effect on the gelation process has been demonstrated, and a stabilizing effect has been revealed on the hydrogels formed as transparent monoliths showing resistance to syneresis. Structural features of silicon–polysaccharide-containing hydrogels were investigated using advanced physical methods of cryo-scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Thus formed silicon-containing 3D network of gels is found to be polymeric and appears to have an ordered amorphous morphostructure, which can be explained as caused by the effect of polysaccharides serving as templates. The difference in the reactivity of precursors leads to the peculiarities of the gelation process in the presence of the polysaccharides under study, as well as to the difference in the composition of the formed products. The sol-gel process utilized to obtain the silicon–polysaccharide-containing hydrogels proceeds under the mild conditions with no catalyst or any organic solvent, and thus can be regarded as belonging to the green chemistry methods that show promise for biomedical material applications.

In recent years, the problem of P2Y12 inhibitor switching, called escalation and deescalation of double antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has been the subject of active discussion.Aim.To assess the frequency and clinical consequences of transition from ticagrelor to clopidogrel and from clopidogrel to ticagrelor in real clinical practice in patients with ACS.Material and methods.Three hundred eight patients with ACS were included in the open, observational study. 121 patients (39,3%) receive conservative treatment, and 187 (60,7%) had invasive management tactics — percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). In the group of conservative treatment switching from ticagrelor to clopidogrel and back was performed in 7 (5,8%) and 12 (9,9%) patients, respectively. In the second group switching from ticagrelor to clopidogrel and back were observed in 42 (34,7%) and 41 (33,9%) patients, respectively. Switching from one P2Y12 inhibitor to another occurred on 2-4 months from the beginning of therapy. The frequency of the following adverse events was chosen as the primary end point: death, re-infarction, re-hospitalization due to the development of chest pain syndrome, the need for coronary angiography or PCI.Results.In both groups of patients with ACS, the best survival was shown by patients who had an escalation of DAPT. In turn, during de-escalation, a significant decrease in survival cases was observed with the onset of one of the endpoint events (RR 2,88 with 95% CI 1,23-6,78; pConclusion.The study indicates a high frequency of de-escalation and escalation of DAPT, carried out in the outpatient management of patients undergoing ACS. There is a need of additional issue-related studies.