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No multicenter randomized clinical trial has been conducted worldwide to date on indications, types of surgery and their comparison with conservative treatment in patients with PI BSA.Aims: of the study is to improve the results of surgical treatment in patients with pathological tortuosity of the internal carotid arteryMaterial and methods. Тhe study included 115 patients (38 (33%) men and 77 (67%) women) with PI ICA aged 35 to 72 years (average age 54.2 ± 7.5 years) divided into 2 groups. 61 patients (53%) of group I underwent BSA resection with lower mouth and 54 patients (47%) of group II underwent BSA prosthetics. Depending on the degree of neurological disorders, patients were distributed according to the classifi cation of A.V. Pokrovsky.Results. In patients with СМН1, the clinical eff ect was due to the absence of cerebrospinal and focal neurological symptoms. As a result of surgical treatment of PI BSA in group I, a clinical eff ect was achieved in 54 (89%) patients. In group II, regression of clinical-neurological symptoms was observed in 40 (74%) patients.Conclusions. Resection and prosthetics of BSA PI in order to stop neurological symptoms and prevent ischemic stroke in patients with this pathology is a safe and eff ective method of surgical treatment.

The authors present a review on endovasal techniques applied for the treatment of varicose veins in the lower extremities. These techniques are minimally invasive, though are not universal. They still have complications and relapses. To select the most effective one among them is not an easy task. We are facing the need to improve the existing modalities and to look for the new ones aimed to personalize care for each patient.

В даній статті розглянуто метод імітації відпалу для розв’язання нечіткої задачі комівояжера, яка формулюється як задача пошуку маршруту відвідування заданої кількості міст без повторень з мінімальною тривалістю пересування. Викладено зміст методу імітації відпалу, описано алгоритм формалізації методу. Наведено аксіоматику нечітких трикутних чисел. Сформульовано нечітку задачу комівояжера, у якій часові параметри пересування між містами задаються у вигляді правих нечітких чисел, величина носія в яких залежіть від різних зовнішніх умов та факторів. Наведено результати розрахунків розв’язків задачі комівояжера у чіткій та нечіткій формах з різними параметрами зрізів нечітких чисел.

The lack of significant progress in improving the results of treatment for patients with chronic lower limb ischemia (CLLI) determines a necessity to search new approaches to solve this problem. One of the promising methods for treatment of patients with CLLI is therapeutic angiogenesis. Gene and cell therapy clinical trials for this pathology have been carried out in the world for more than 20 years and showed conflicting results. It is extremely difficult to produce a drug based on cellular material, therefore the development of gene-based therapies is more promising. In most of the analyzed studies, patients with critical limb ischemia, i.e with initially with a high risk for major amputation, were included. Since the process of neoangiogenesis takes several months, it seems more logical to use that option for treatment in the earlier stages of the disease. VEGF-165 is the most studied angiogenic agent. Only VEGF-165 is registered as a drug for treatment of patients with CLLI. There are publications on the effectiveness of treatment with a plasmid VEGF-165-gene therapy in patients with stages II and III of CLLI according to the FontaineA.V. Pokrovsky classification in a five-year follow-up study.

The main cause of ischemic stroke is the atherosclerotic lesions of the carotid arteries. Unlike other arteries, carotid arteries have unique anatomical structure and hemodynamic characteristics, which are significantly related to the occurrence of atherosclerosis. Thus, a proper understanding of the functional anatomy, local hemodynamics of the carotid arteries and their relationship with the atherosclerotic process can improve the quality of early diagnosis and treatment of carotid artery stenosis, which, in turn, will reduce the risk of developing of the ischemic cerebrovascular diseases.

Hazelnuts are an economically important nut crop in the world. Propagation of varietal hazelnut seedlings in the traditional way is expensive and time-consuming due to the need for huge areas for parent plants for cuttings and low level of rooting. The development and implementation of the technology of in vitro clonal micropropagation of hazelnuts is promising. The use of this method contributes to the mass production of homogeneous, infection-free planting material of hazelnuts for laying plantations of parent plants. In the course of our research, we optimized the protocol of clonal micropropagation of three cultivars of hazelnuts. It was found that for the cultivation of the studied cultivars, the most balanced in mineral composition is the DKW medium supplemented with 3.5 mg/l 6-BAP, 1.0 mg/l GA and 0.3 ml/l IAA; modification of the NRM medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l GA + 1.0 mg/l NAA + 2.0 mg/l IBA effectively promotes rhizogenesis from explants; GA showed a synergistic effect together with NAA on the rooting of hazelnut microshoots, by the 4th week of cultivation, the number of shoots with roots reached 90-100%; in the conditions of a climate chamber using peat with sand substrate (50:50), the efficiency of adaptation to soil conditions was 92% for KAH-29 cultivar, 80% - for Zakataly cultivar, and 36% - for Khachmas cultivar.

This article is devoted to the actual problems of the organization and implementation of the educational process during the new coronavirus infection COVID-19. The authors consider two aspects of digital transformation in Russian education – from the point of view of the use of digital technologies to automate various processes of educational organizations and from the point of view of the introduction of a complex of digital technologies in order to build a learning model that will be based on the effective use of these technologies to solve professional tasks.The article emphasizes that the process of digitalization of society in our country developed evenly, without any special jumps, but the pandemic served as a catalyst for the development of digital technologies, and the process of digitalization itself was divided into “before” and “after” the beginning of the pandemic. During the pandemic, the younger generation artificially fell out of the mainstream not only of full-fledged socialization, which takes place within educational institutions and in the circle of teachers and peers, but also found themselves facing numerous problems related to the violation of the traditional educational process. In many ways, teachers and staff of the Faculty of Sociology of Lomonosov Moscow State University were able to overcome this problem by quickly and effectively rebuilding the educational process so that it did not lose its traditionally high quality.The authors of the article share their experience in organizing the educational process at the Faculty of Sociology of Lomonosov Moscow State University, which took place in the so-called mixed format for almost two years and was accompanied by the active introduction of the latest educational technologies, including synchronous (video conferences, video consultations and feedback online, chat rooms, Skype communication, virtual classes) and asynchronous e-learning, as well as project-based learning and the so-called “inverted classroom”. The results of educational monitoring are presented, which showed the high efficiency of the educational process at the Faculty of Sociology in difficult conditions.The authors also considered the key trends of digitalization of education, identified its positive aspects and analyzed in detail the negative aspects, a special place among which is occupied by the virtualization of education as a social institution.

Introduction of digital technologies in all spheres of life is a factor that radically change the social interactions and mechanisms of social control. This rising trend, that turn the various digital technologies into main form of realization of “the social” is complex and contradictory. We are confronted more and more with multiplicity of social control with simultaneous unification of its procedures, determined by digital technologies. The functions of social control are transferred from human actors to machines and algorithms. The social control is automated. Under the cover of objectivity and neutrality such automatization contains political, economical and ideological imperatives. The machine has human core, yet difficult to discern. Implementation of algorithmic forms of governance, based on Big Data, significantly increases the scope of population monitoring and shifts the “power logic” to control and construction of opinions, creation of the demands, mobilizing action in accordance with the prescribed standards of conduct. COVID-19 Pandemic enhanced the activities of national States to take advantage of digital control over the population. In fact, during few months of quarantine measures in most countries unprecedented in its global reach and universal in their technical solutions instruments of control over the population have been deployed. In doing so the digital social control generates very specific forms of social asymmetry. There remains an open question: who has access to information, generated by the machines of control. For the development of modern smart cities and digitalization of social practices relevant and correct data are needed. Сompromise between citizens’ rights to privacy and rapid development of new smart technologies is inevitable. Personal data collected not only by the State but also by private corporations, especially by owners of digital platforms. Rights to obtain and use data need to be regulated and rules set for their commercial application. COVID-19 Pandemic, accelerating implementation of digital social control, reduced “public sensitivity” to violation of private borders for the sake of security. The need for a rapid response to COVID-19 changes the rules of the game as to how сitizens, organizations and authorities in different countries deal with personal data and actualizes the question, where the balance lies between confidentiality of personal data and public health and/or security.

This article offers a comparative analysis of the particularities of the implementation of proceedings in cases of administrative offenses and pre-trial dispute resolution in the BRICS member states. The article observes that in the BRICS countries, the issues of pre-trial dispute settlement are resolved using the same mechanisms: negotiation and conciliation procedures, including mediation. The implementation of these mechanisms is possible by the parties to the dispute themselves, with the participation of third parties such as proxies or legal representatives who may be interested in carrying out the procedures, and with the services of independent, professional mediators. The article draws attention to the fact that the Federative Republic of Brazil, the Russian Federation, the Republic of India, the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of South Africa belong to different legal families, which undoubtedly is a feature of the legal regulation of their administrative offense proceedings as well as of their pre-trial dispute resolution. The article finds that Roman law largely influenced all of the BRICS countries, with the exception of India, whose legal system was formed under the influence of English law, and that the versatility of legal regulation does not allow one to speak fully about the balance of administrative legislation in the studied areas. Furthermore, it is characteristic of all of the BRICS countries that administrative punishment cannot be aimed at humiliating the human dignity of a natural person, causing him or her physical suffering, nor can it be aimed at damaging the business reputation of a legal person. The similarity of the tasks of the administrative legislation of the BRICS countries is noted, which should include the protection of the subjective rights and interests of citizens, ensuring the rule of law, the protection of public order and public safety, and the prevention of administrative offenses. Through the discourse presented by the authors, the concept of an administrative offense is revealed; the acts regulating the proceedings in cases of administrative offenses are considered, as well as the tasks and principles established by national legislation in this direction. Furthermore, the similarities and differences in the legal regulation of proceedings in cases of administrative offenses and pre-trial settlement of disputes are revealed.

In this paper we provided the definition of the Audience overlap network, as well as proposed a simple algorithm to compute overlap between two users on social media based on public data about their followers. There was proposed an alternative approach for computing overlaps based only on public data about users. This approach allows to include content overlap and activity patterns signals to be incorporated into more general statistical models featuring other covariates such as influencers’ direct engagement in shared conversations; relative influencer sizes and histories and links to similar third-party content to recover otherwise censored network structures and properties. For validate results there was designed a calibration process which utilizes Evolution Strategies algorithm to find a set of conditions which will make Audience overlap network built using similarity measures structurally equivalent to the Audience overlap network build on full information about followers.

The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes (within six months) after short stripping (SS) and endovenous laser obliteration (EVLO) in patients with varicose veins when analyzing ultrasound findings, postoperative complications, level of postoperative pain, clinical manifestations, and duration of rehabilitation after the intervention. Patients with varicose veins of lower extremities and insufficiency of large saphenous vein valves had either EVLO or SS with miniflebectomy. All patients were examined before surgery and then in 5 days, 10 days and in 1, 3 and 6 months after it. The patients also had clinical examination, ultrasound duplex scanning of their lower extremity veins; Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) was also used for the trial. Pain was assessed during the first 10 days after the surgery using a 10-point pain assessment scale. 156 patients (177 lower extremities) were followed-up for 6 months. As the results of our study showed, endovenous laser obliteration and short stripping were equally effective in eliminating the reflux of the great saphenous vein (GSV). After 6 months of follow-up, the reflux along the medial inflow was noted in one case in SS group; partial GSV recanalization was noted in one case in EVLO group in 3 months, in 3 cases – in 6 months. Besides, despite LMH preventive doses one patient from EVLO group had EHIT II deep vein thrombosis. The obtained outcomes have demonstrated that EVLO and SS have similar effectiveness and safety. No difference has been found between these two types of treatment, except more pronounced postoperative pain and bruising in SS group. Performed care was equally safe and effective in eliminating GSV reflux, in relieving symptoms and eliminating varicose veins as well as in improving the quality of life. Long-term outcomes, especially the rate of relapses depending on the type of intervention, are to be investigated in future trials.

Дослідження проведено для ознайомлення зі структурою та принципом роботи рекурентної нейронної мережі LSTM (Long short-term memory) та аналізу можливості її використання для прогнозування цін акцій однієї з великих технологічних компаній. В роботі описано теоретичний матеріал, що стосується рекурентних нейронних мереж та мережі LSTM. На прикладі статистичних даних акцій компанії Apple було продемонстровано роботу обраного методу та обчислено оцінки якості прогнозу RMSE, MAE, MAPE і оцінено точність короткострокового прогнозу. Результати дослідження показали, що рекурентні нейронні мережі можна застосовувати для прогнозування часових рядів і при цьому отримувати результат з високою точністю. У подальших дослідженнях будуть запропоновані інші види нейронних мереж та оцінка їх роботи на фінансових даних

В статті розглянуто адаптивний алгоритм балансування навантаження для додатків з використанням технології контейнеризації. Наведено теоретичні приклади реалізації такого алгоритму на основі багаторівневої системи. Приведено теоретичний опис роботи алгоритму на різних рівнях системи. Функціонування додатку розгорнутого за допомогою технології контейнеризації потребує обов’язкового використання синхронізатору, який в свою чергу повинен бути наділений оптимальним алгоритмом балансування для досягнення максимального використання доступних ресурсів. При цьому слід враховувати особливість запитів, які притаманні конкретному додатку, так і їх неоднорідність в часі, для цього пропонується ввести паралельну систему для обробки и статичного аналізу вхідних запитів. В статті наведені критерії, при досягненні яких такий алгоритм можна буде використовувати замість вже існуючих.

The article is devoted to the examination of the formation of new vectors for international relations development within the global format of cooperation. The establishment and unification of BRICS in the international legal sphere through a wide range of common interests and views of its members towards issues facing the modern world reflect objective tendencies of world development to the formation of amultipolar international relations system and determination of particular large country actors of broad integration and having many dimensions. The authors reveal particular characteristics of the international-legal status of BRICS, which make it possible to have an effective impact on challenges facing the modern world. The legal BRICS status differs crucially from traditional legal approaches to international organizations. Acting as a special subject of world politics, creating more trusted interaction conditions, BRICS focuses its attention on the alternative world order principles within the new model of global relations. Such a format of multilateral cooperation, as well as more trusted and additional mechanisms of international interaction, gives the members an opportunity to demonstrate their geopolitical and geoeconomic world significance, and in addition their demanded humanitarian role, which, as the analysis of the mentioned actor demonstrates, is aimed at forming its own interaction model. The logic of the BRICS agenda extension to the level of an important global management system element demonstrates the goal in the field of action and, accordingly, intensive progress of humanitarian imperatives. For these humanitarian imperatives, the issues of international peacekeeping, security, protection, encouraging human rights and providing stable development are an objective necessity, especially for active demonstration of the members’ viewpoints on the international scene. For understanding the process of the alignment of international security humanitarian imperatives it is necessary to study the existing objective needs in conjunction with each country, member of BRICS.

The article considers an issue of information security of the distance education systems. It analyzes the functions and architecture of the typical distance education system. With considering the requirements of information security it also discusses the university information system for solving the distance learning problems. The author defines valuable assets and information resources and describes the existing security threats. The subjects of interaction in the distance learning mode are presented. There is a consideration of the principal directions of the university’s activity in the distance learning system, requiring constant monitoring of information security. A threat model is worked out and the main security vulnerabilities are highlighted. The analysis of the causes and consequences of information security violation in the distance learning system is carried out and most vulnerable and critical nodes were identified. The hardware and software requirements for the remote mode work are regarded. A recommended list of hardware and software tools that ensure compliance with safety requirements is presented. The major lines of protection for distance learning systems are highlighted. The article proves the necessity of conducting a regular security assessment as a means for monitoring an effectiveness of the protection system.

Atherosclerotic lesions of the brachiocephalic arteries are one of the main causes of death and disability in the world population. The diagnosis of patients with atherosclerotic lesions of the carotid arteries and their division into symptomatic/asymptomatic are described in detail, and recommendations are given for the prevention of such lesions and on the treatment of such patients. The data of national studies forming the optimal indications for the use of one method or another of preventing acute cerebrovascular accidents with stenosis of the internal carotid artery are presented.

The modern approach to the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins utilizes physical techniques for endovasal obliteration. It is characterized by significantly fewer side effects and opens new possibilities for the treatment of patients with varicose disease. Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of radiofrequency obliteration of varicose veins and puncture laser obliteration of perforant veins in the combined treatment of patients with varicose disease (VD). Material and methods. Outcomes of treatment of 528 patients with VD in the pool of the great saphenous vein (GSV) or small saphenous vein (SSV) have been analyzed. These patients had the combined treatment, which included radiofrequency obliteration of GSV and SSV trunk and / or Giacomini vein. Of these, 335 patients had also ECHO Foam-Form sclero-obliteration of GSV and SSV inflows and perforant veins on the thigh and / or ankle. In 266 patients, their treatment was combined with miniphlebectomy of GSV and SSV inflows and perforant veins on the thigh and / or ankle; and in 55 patients – with puncture laser obliteration of perforant veins. Results. The assessment of curative outcomes have has shown that postoperative pain intensity (VAS) was 3.1 + 0.5. Transient paresthesias were seen in 14 (3.4%) cases. Local ecchymoses – in 18 (4.3%) cases. Consequences of tumescent anesthesia: local ecchymoses and hyposthesia passed after 3–5 days. Skin pigmentation was noted in 1 case and lasted up to 3 months. Thrombosis was registered in 2 cases as a parietal thrombus in the great saphenous vein at the level of the middle third of the thigh; and in 2 cases as a thrombotic clot prolapse.

The structure and activity of novel combined ruthenium-containing catalysts based on hypercrosslinked polystyrene modified with Fe3O4 and SiO2 were studied. The modification of the polymeric support surface aimed at imparting new properties to the catalysts is a prospective approach for the development of highly efficient catalytic systems involved in various processes. The synthesized samples are characterized by a high specific surface area and a high catalytic activity in the liquid-phase Fischer—Tropsch synthesis providing a yield of liquid hydrocarbons C6-C12 up to 82%.