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A review of the genus Mocyta Mulsant & Rey, 1874, which is represented in Ukraine; a description of the main morphological features and diagnostic features is made, data on ecological features, seasonal activity of adults, the distribution of representatives of the genus in Ukraine and the world and the keys to identify the species are presented. The information on the distribution of species of the genus Mocyta in the territory of Ukraine has been clarified and significantly supplemented by new findings. The results can be used to address a number of theoretical issues of faunistics, zoogeography, and ecology, as well as in compiling the inventory of the fauna of the Ukrainian Carpathians, for comparative faunal research, in the analysis of species distribution, in biogeographic constructions, studies of faunogenesis, ecological monitoring and prediction of consequences of the influence of human activities on natural ecosystems of the region. The genus Mocyta is a widespread genus, which in terms of the combination of morphological and biological features belongs to the tribe Athetini Casey, 1910 of the subfamily Aleocharinae Fleming, 1821 of the family Staphylinidae Latreille, 1802. There are 26 known species in the fauna of Palearctic, 5 of which (Mocyta clientula, M. fungi fungi, M. fussi, M. orbata, M. orphana) are represented in the fauna of Ukraine. However, it is likely that there are two more species (M. amplicollis and M. negligens), identified for the surrounding areas, for which characteristics and comparative diagnoses have also been provided. This paper is a continuation of the initiated series of reviews of genera and species of the tribe Athetini of the fauna of Ukraine. Taking into account the wide geographical distribution and significant individual variability in size, colour and shape of the spermatheca of representatives of the genus, the identification of the latter presents some significant difficulties.

Maize viral diseases especially maize dwarf mosaic disease (MDMD), which is caused by potyviruses, lead to significant crop losses worldwide. Aim. The aim of this work was to identify the causal agent of mosaic symptoms, observed on maize plants during 2018—2020 in Kyiv region. Methods. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the DAS-ELISA modification using commercial Loewe Biochemica test systems for Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV), Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) were applied to identify the causal agent of maize disease in collected samples. Transmission electron microscopy was used in order to direct viral particle visualisation. Aphids, which are natural vectors of plant viruses, were found on diseased plants. Results. Plants with typical mosaic symptoms were observed in corn crops of the Kyiv region in early June 2018. The pathogen was transmitted by mechanical inoculation to maize and sweet maize plants with the manifestation of mosaic symptoms. Electron microscopy of the sap from diseased plants revealed the presence of flexible filamentous virions 750 nm long and 13 nm in diameter, typical for the genus Potyvirus. In August, mosaic symptoms and aphids Rhopalosiphum padi were found on previously healthy plants in the same maize crop. In 2020, in the same sown area, maize plants were free of viral infection during inspection in June, but a re-inspection in September revealed mosaic symptoms on maize crop and the presence of aphids in the leaf axils. The presence of SCMV in maize samples collected in June and August/September 2018 and 2020, as well as in inoculated maize and sweet maize plants, was confirmed by ELISA using a commercial test system. The obtained data allow suggesting that Rhopalosiphum padi is a natural vector of SCMV in agrocenoses of Ukraine. It should be noted that co-infection with MDMV and WSMV in the affected plants was not detected. Conclusions. This study presents the first report of SCMV in maize in Ukraine.

Operation of an electric drive with damages in power electric circuit of the motor stator results in asymmetry of the motor phase current charge, increase of heating losses in certain phases, occurrence of variable components of electromagnetic torque and consumed power. An electric motor stator winding consists of a number of stator bars and overhang connections. Due to the complicated winding structure and the steel core, the attenuation and distortion of a pulse transmitted through the winding are complicated, and frequency-dependent. A low voltage impulse method and digital analysis techniques to determine the frequency characteristics of the winding are described. The frequency characteristics of electric motor stator windings are discussed in some detail. The analysis presented in this chapter could be applied to other rotating machines such as low voltage motors. An experiment of damping of electric motor wilding was conducted. Changes in frequency characteristics after the cycle are shown. In this article an analysis of the frequency characteristics of low-voltage electric machines with mush-wound windings, taking into account the processes of successive destruction of the insulation structure by the influence of heat-wet cycles. It is shown that the frequency characteristics can be generalized by the parameter of the state of isolation in the conditions of periodic monitoring of the quality of insulation during regulatory audits. It is proved that the frequency characteristics taken in idle and short-circuit modes have diagnostic features of the level of insulation destruction during humidification, which consist of shifting the characteristics of extremes into the region of lower frequencies, as well as reducing the area under the curve between the minimum and maximum extrema of the characteristic.

The author of the article has studied the essence of the prosecutor’s activity as a subject of guaranteeing human rights in Ukraine. The peculiarities of the reform of the prosecutor’s office have been emphasized and its relationship with the activity of the prosecutor as a subject of guaranteeing human rights has been determined. A legal framework that regulates the activities of the prosecutor as a subject of guaranteeing human rights has been established. It has been concluded that the state and level of human and civil rights and fundamental freedoms depend on the normative regulation of the prosecutor’s activity as a subject of guaranteeing human rights in Ukraine, which is the cornerstone of Ukraine’s establishment as a state governed by the rule of law with observance of the rule of law. It is determined that the Prosecutor's Office has recently undergone numerous reforms and changes in its organizational, staffing, functional systems and practical activities to protect human and civil rights and freedoms. Such changes are due to a number of factors including: the need to improve the activities of prosecutors, bringing domestic legislation in line with the legislation of EU Member States, to review organizational and staffing systems that have proved to be ineffective, etc. Given the above, it should be noted that the prosecutor as a subject of guaranteeing human rights in Ukraine plays one of the main roles and occupies a prominent place in the human rights system in Ukraine, since he / she acts as a system of checks and balances for pre-trial investigation agencies that restrict human rights during various procedural actions. Thus, it can be stated that the prosecutor as a subject of guaranteeing human rights in Ukraine must take all necessary and possible measures to prevent any human rights violations, i.e. the creation of such conditions, when other public authorities will respect human rights, and in case of their violation – the prosecutor immediately responds to all such manifestations and takes measures to prevent violations of human rights and freedoms. It has been established that the powers of the prosecutor in the field of human rights protection should be considered as a further priority area of scientific research in regard to the current reform of the prosecutor's office in Ukraine.

To study the antitumor and antimetastatic effects of B. subtilis IMV B-7724 lectin used in neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings in vivo.Studies were performed on C57Bl/6J mice; Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) was used as an experimental tumor. В. subtilis ІМV В-7724 lectin was administered to tumor-bearing mice or to mice which underwent surgical resection of the primary tumor. The lectin was injected subcutaneously, 10 times, at a single dose of 5 or 1 mg/kg of body weight. The standard indicators of tumor growth and metastasis were evaluated.Independently of the application settings, the lectin at a dose of 1 mg/kg of b.w. caused more pronounced effect than at a dose of 5 mg/kg of b.w. The administration of B. subtilis IMV B-7724 lectin to the mice with LLC in neoadjuvant setting did not cause notable antitumor effect but led to a significant decrease in the number and volume of lung metastases. The lectin administration in adjuvant setting significantly inhibited metastasis: the metastasis inhibition index reached 63.0% and 100% in the mice treated with the lectin at a dose of 5 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg respectively. The mean survival time of the treated animals significantly increased.A pronounced antimetastatic effect of B. subtilis IMV B-7724 lectin administered in an adjuvant setting was demonstrated.

Genomics of radiation-induced damage The potential adverse effects of exposures to radioactivity from nuclear accidents can include acute consequences such as radiation sickness, as well as long-term sequelae such as increased risk of cancer. There have been a few studies examining transgenerational risks of radiation exposure but the results have been inconclusive. Morton et al. analyzed papillary thyroid tumors, normal thyroid tissue, and blood from hundreds of survivors of the Chernobyl nuclear accident and compared them against those of unexposed patients. The findings offer insight into the process of radiation-induced carcinogenesis and characteristic patterns of DNA damage associated with environmental radiation exposure. In a separate study, Yeager et al. analyzed the genomes of 130 children and parents from families in which one or both parents had experienced gonadal radiation exposure related to the Chernobyl accident and the children were conceived between 1987 and 2002. Reassuringly, the authors did not find an increase in new germline mutations in this population. Science , this issue p. eabg2538 , p. 725

The aim of the study was to identify the relationship between milk indicators of dairy goats that are staying under heat stress with the climatic conditions of the Ukrainian steppe zone. The main research areas of animals’ reaction to temperature stress were monitoring their physiological state, changes in behavior and metabolism through the neuroendocrine mechanisms of their regulation, assessing the immune system functional state, the antioxidant defense system, and determining the activity of the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract. It is important to control the respiratory rate of animals, which becomes especially important when the air humidity is high and the reversal of the fat/protein ratio in milk is detected. It occurs under stressful conditions and significantly affects the technological properties of milk, especially in animals with high milk productivity. It is useful to provide goats after kidding with the opportunity to stay for a long time with an adequate photoperiod, this will affect the synthesis of prolactin and the level of milk yield at the peak of lactation. When feeding highly productive animals, it becomes important to regulate both the appetite of animals and the composition of the diet. This is important to prevent digestive disorders because the state of the ruminant stomach microbiota of the feed affects the synthesis of the constituent components of milk. When breeding, attention should be paid to multiple pregnancies, because the long-term effect of gonadotropins and other biologically active substances from the placenta affects the ability of females to produce greater milk secretion in the next lactation. According to the obtained results, staying in the transition zone according to the THI (more than 65) affected some of the chemical parameters of goat’s milk. In particular, there was a decrease in fat content, and therefore also the dry matter content and the fat/protein ratio, as well as urea, as one of the indicators of the rumen microbiota state. A significant increase in the number of somatic cells was observed almost three times, which confirms the presence of stress response from the mammary gland. For an objective assessment of the animals’ welfare state in terms of climatic conditions, it is advisable to use the definitions of the temperature-humidity index, and to confirm the stress response in dairy goats from any factor of keeping and feeding – laboratory determination of stress biomarkers in the composition of blood, milk, and urine.

Performing propagating spin-wave spectroscopy of thin films at millikelvin temperatures is the next step toward the realization of large-scale integrated magnonic circuits for quantum applications. Here, we demonstrate spin-wave propagation in a [Formula: see text]-thick yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) film at temperatures down to [Formula: see text], using stripline nanoantennas deposited on YIG surface for electrical excitation and detection. The clear transmission characteristics over the distance of [Formula: see text] are measured and the extracted spin-wave group velocity and the YIG saturation magnetization agree well with the theoretical values. We show that the gadolinium-gallium-garnet (GGG) substrate influences the spin-wave propagation characteristics only for the applied magnetic fields beyond [Formula: see text], originating from a GGG magnetization up to [Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text]. Our results show that the developed fabrication and measurement methodologies enable the realization of integrated magnonic quantum nanotechnologies at millikelvin temperatures.

The aim of the study – to learn the expression of VEGF and HIF-1α in physiological, hyperplastic, atypical endometrium at different ages of women. Materials and Methods. Evaluation of VEGF expression and HIF-1α performed in endometrial tissue samples in 458 women of late reproductive, perimenopausal and postmenopausal age. Expression of VEGF and HIF-1α was performed at the mRNA level by polymerase chain reaction of cDNA obtained by reverse transcription. The results were processed by the method of variation statistics with the assessment of reliability according to the Student's criterion using standard computer systems. Results and Discussion. Analyzing the data of the presented work, higher VEGF expression rates were found in atypical hyperplasia in all age categories, but probably higher rates were found in the postmenopausal period, in atypical endometrial hyperplasia, which indicates the need for vigilance in detecting this process in the appropriate age category. Studies have shown that HIF-1α can potentiate the activation of vasomotor genes that are required for the vascular response to hypoxia. These studies demonstrate the informativeness of the method of determining HIF-1α in the examination of patients with endometrial hyperplastic processes (EHP). The introduction of this method in practical medicine will not only understand the details of the changes occurring in the body (pathological, physiological), but also develop strategic maneuvers for possible therapeutic or surgical treatments. Conclusions. Expression of VEGF and HIF-1α levels in endometrial tissue cells as a marker can be a promising method for diagnosing the risk of proliferative conditions and their prognosis, especially in combination with other markers that characterize immunohistochemical and molecular genetic cellular parameters. Hypoxia and its relationship with indicators of angiogenesis may have some promising significance. Because the development of pathological conditions develops at a certain stage of hypoxic conditions. Under certain conditions, as a result of disruption of tissue processes, possibly metabolic, changes in angiogenesis are reduced with increasing hypoxia, which may in the long run provoke atypical disorders.

Aim. To study the chemical composition, sugar specificity and physicochemical properties of the extracellular lectin isolated from Bacillus subtilis ІМV В-7724. Methods. Biochemical, spectrophotometric, immunological and cultural methods were used to assess the physicochemical and a number of biological properties of lectin isolated from the culture fluid of bacteria B. subtilis ІМV В-7724. Molecular weight of the lectin was estimated in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Analysis of the elemental composition was done using Perkin-Elmer 2400 CHNS analyzer. Temperature and pH stability of lectin were examined based on residual hemagglutination activity of the lectin. Cytotoxic activity was determined by the MTT-assay. The statistical analysis was made using Student’s t-test. Results. B. subtilis IMV B-7724 lectin is a glycoprotein (protein – 86.0%, carbohydrates – 7.0%) with molecular weight of 18–20 kDa (major). Analysis of the elemental composition revealed that it contains 34.00% of carbon, 7.04% of hydrogen, 16.61% of nitrogen, 42.35% of oxygen. Amino acid composition analysis determined that it is rich in leucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine. The lectin exhibited high sugar-binding specificity toward N-acetylneuraminic and N-glycolylneuraminic acids (minimal inhibitory concentration – 0.3 mM for both sugars). The lectin is heat and acid stable, has long shelf life. Conclusions. These results provide the rationale to pursue further investigation for possible ways and modes of B. subtilis IMB B-7724 lectin application in clinical settings.

The possibility of the heterovalent substitution of A- and B-positions atoms in a single-layer slab perovskite-like structure of strontium titanate and stannate Sr2BIVO4 (BIV= Ti, Sn) by type Sr2–xLnxBIV1–xBxIIIO4 (Ln == La – Tb, BIV= Ti, Sn, BIII= Sc, In) has been established by X-ray powder diffraction methods. The bounda-ries of the heterovalent substitution of A- and B-positions atoms and the crystallographic parameters of the synthesized Sr2–xLnxBIV1–xBxIIIO4 phases with a single-layer structure are determined. The continuous phase area formation with a single-layer structure has been observed in 10 systems: Sr2–xLnxTi1–xScxO4 (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu), Sr2–xLnxTi1–xInxO4 (Ln = La, Pr), Sr2–xLaxSn1–xScxO4, Sr2–xLnxSn1–xInxO4 (Ln = La, Pr). In-creasing the degree of heterovalent substitution of atoms in these systems leads to a reduction of the sym metry of the crystal lattice of phases from the tetragonal (space group I4/mmm) to the interconnected rhombic one. In the rest of the studied Sr2–xLnxBIV1–xBxIIIO4 systems, the existence of a narrow (x value significantly less than 1) phase region with a single-layer structure based on Sr3BIVO7 is observed. The character of the phase relations in the Sr2–xLnxBIV1–xBxIIIO4 systems (Ln = La – Tb, BIII= Sc, In) (BIV= Sn, Ti) and the linear type of concentra-tion dependences of the parameters of the reduced tetragonal unit cells of Sr2–xLnxBIV1–xBxIIIO4 phases with a single-layer structure indicate that, by their nature, these phases are series of solid solutions in the pseudobinary systems Sr2BIVO4 – SrLnBIIIO4 (BIV= Ti, Sn, BIII = Sc, In). The obtained data can be used to regulate the functional properties of titanates and stannates Sr2BIVO4 and materials based on them, as well as to solve the problem of a purposeful search for new compounds of the type An+1BnO3n+1 with a slab perovskite-like structure.

The article touches upon the issue of migration and migration behavior. The phenomenological nature of migration processes in Russia is considered. The point of view is put forward about the phenomenological nature of migration as a category. The author graphically presents the structures of the temporal and non-temoral components of the migration phenomenon. The temporality of the phenomenon is based on the phylo- and ontogeny of the individual. By phylogeny, we mean the historical development of a society in which a potential migrant was formed. Ontogeny refers to the individual aspects of the development of a particular personality. The non-temporality of the phenomenon of migration is manifested in the occurrence of reasons: external, internal and natural-climatic, each of which has its own structure. The external factor is the product of the society in which this individual is. Internal — is largely a product of the phenomenon of the formation of the personality of a particular individual and is characterized by a unique reaction to external factors, one of the variants of which is the decision to migrate (manifestation of migration activity). The reasons for migration are structured, which in themselves are phenomenological in nature (moral, socio-cultural, economic, political and legal).

Purpose. Identification of international and national mechanisms for protection of the subsoil of the continental shelf of Ukraine and provision of scientifically sound recommendations for improving the legal regulation of their application. Methodology. During the study, the dialectical method was used to learn the essence of such a phenomenon as the protection of the subsoil of the continental shelf; the system-structural method when analyzing objective and subjective features of the crime under Part 2 of Art. 244 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine; the comparative-and-legal method in the study on the sanction of Part 2 of Art. 244 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine; the logical and dogmatic method when developing recommendations for improving legal norms. Findings. As a result of the study, mechanisms of protection of the continental shelf of Ukraine were determined. The necessity of improvement of the legislative base regulating the order of their realization is proved. Originality. The international legal and national mechanisms of state protection of the continental shelf of Ukraine are determined. In order to improve the state protection of the continental shelf, legislative changes to Part 1 of Art. 26 of the Subsoil Code of Ukraine, Part 2 of Art. 244 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and Part 2 of Art. 216 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine are suggested. Practical value. Proposals to improve the current legislation of Ukraine are presented aimed at improving the efficiency of the State Service of Geology and Subsoil of Ukraine, the National Police, the Security Service of Ukraine and the judiciary to protect the subsoil of the continental shelf of Ukraine from illegal use by foreign companies.

The author of the article studies international experience of the organization and activities of forensic institutions on the example of such countries as Germany, France, the Netherlands, Czech Republic and the United Kingdom. The legislative features of the functioning of forensic institutions and the regulation of the legal status of experts are noted. It is determined that regardless of the departmental subordination of forensic institutions, their activities are based on international standards. The author has identified a scientific novelty, which consists in the further development of the provisions obtained by scientists and scholars on the organizational structure and practical activities of forensic institutions both in Ukraine and abroad, as well as the formulation of new conceptual provisions, conclusions and propositions for improving regulation of forensic activity in Ukraine. The author of the article proves that the organization and activities of forensic institutions in France are based on national and international law regulating the specifics of forensic examinations and the legal status of the expert. The author concludes that forensic activities in Germany, France, Spain, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom are carried out effectively, and its legal regulation takes place without violation of human rights and freedoms in compliance with international rules and standards. Their legislation, which addresses the organization and operation of forensic institutions, is aimed at respecting the rights and freedoms of a man and citizen, protection of the rights and interests of forensic experts. The author of the article defines that the implementation of international norms and standards of organization and activity of forensic institutions brings expert institutions to a new level of functioning. This makes it possible to create an effective mechanism for the management and operation of forensic institutions and experts, which will determine the high requirements for forensic examination, increase the professional level and efficiency of employees of expert institutions, which can meet the needs of modern justice.

The pleiotropic effects of vitamin D (VD), whose active form is synthesized in the kidneys, play a certain role both in forming and functioning the feto-placental system, including various pregnancy complications. The aim of the study was to evaluate the vitamin D status in pregnant women with placental dysfunction (PD) and chronic inflammatory kidney disease (CIKD). During 24–34 pregnancy weeks, 56 pregnant women with PD were examined (main group ‒ I); 24 patients (42.85 %) had chronic pyelonephritis (group IA). The control group (group II) had 31 conditionally healthy pregnant women. The total VD level in the blood was determined by ELISA; in addition to the general clinical standard examination, the urine also underwent bacteriological examination. The VD mean level in pregnant women with PD and CIKD was significantly lower than that in the control group (31.08 ± 7.2 and 45.42 ± 9.67 ng/ml (p 2 = 66.67; p

Chumak Z. V., Shapoval M. V., Andrievskiy O. G. Hif-1α and IGF Expression in Endometrial Hyperplasia. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2020;10(11):61-68. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2020.10.11.006 https://apcz.umk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2020.10.11.006 https://zenodo.org/record/268459 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2020; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 16.10.2020. Revised: 30.10.2020. Accepted: 11.11.2020. Hif-1α and IGF Expression in Endometrial Hyperplasia Z. V. Chumak1,2, M. V. Shapoval1, O. G. Andrievskiy1 1Odessa National Medical University; 2Сity Center for Menopause, Odessa, Ukraine Abstract The objective: to assess the effect of insulin resistance and hypoxia on the risk of endometrial hyperplasia development. The research was conducted on the base of Municipal Maternity House №5 (Odessa, Ukraine). The data obtained from the sample of 417 reproductive, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal age women who referred for medical care to the gynecological department, were analyzed. All the women under examination were carried out medical and diagnostic scraping of the uterine cavity. Results. The intensity of hypoxia increases with age and closely correlates (r=0,78) with the level of insulin resistance. IGF demonstrates reverse dynamics – its rates has been diminished with age (r=-0,63). Conclusion. It was demonstrated that insulin resistance and hypoxia play significant role in the pathogenesis of endometrial hyperplasia. Indices of IGF and HIF could be recommended as valuable biomarkers of prognosis in the case of endometrial hyperplasia. Key words: endometrial hyperplasia; IGF; Hif-1α; malignancy

Magnons, the quanta of spin waves, could be used to encode information in beyond-Moore computing applications, and magnonic device components, including logic gates, transistors, and units for non-Boolean computing, have already been developed. Magnonic directional couplers, which can function as circuit building blocks, have also been explored, but have been impractical because of their millimetre dimensions and multi-mode spectra. Here, we report a magnonic directional coupler based on yttrium iron garnet single-mode waveguides of 350 nm width. We use the amplitude of a spin-wave to encode information and to guide it to one of the two outputs of the coupler depending on the signal magnitude, frequency, and the applied magnetic field. Using micromagnetic simulations, we also propose an integrated magnonic half-adder that consists of two directional couplers and processes all information within the magnon domain with aJ energy consumption., 26 pages, 10 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1902.02855

The paper presents experimental data on the influence of various factors on the thermophysical properties of porous materials. A technique and a mathematical model are proposed that make it possible to predict a change in the thermophysical properties during the heat treatment.The properties of porous materials and their scope depend on the chemical composition, thermophysical characteristics of the components and the method of their production.At temperatures above800°C, almost all porous silicate-based heat-insulating materials lose their ductility, flexibility, toughness, become brittle and change their original shape. Therefore, research aimed at developing equipment and technology for the production of materials that can work at significant temperature gradients, are heat-resistant and do not change their initial strength and thermal insulation properties when exposed to high or low temperatures, are relevant and require further research.Available literature sources show the dependences of consumer properties of heaters, but determining the functional dependence of thermophysical characteristics on the structural parameters of the material remains an urgent task.During the research, the following patterns were established: the most powerful influence on the density of the finished heat-insulating material is exerted by the heat treatment time of the material in the furnace, and the larger it is, the lower the density of the material.Based on the obtained dependences, we can conclude that with an increase in density, the value of the thermal conductivity of the material also increases. That is, to obtain a material with better thermal insulation properties, it is necessary to achieve a lower density of the material, but at the same time with the necessary strength., В работе приводятся экспериментальные данные о влиянии различных факторов на теплофизические свойства пористых материалов. Предложена методика и математическая модель, позволяющая прогнозировать изменение теплофизических свойств в процессе термообработки.Свойства пористых материалов и область их применения зависят от химического состава, теплофизических характеристик компонентов и способа их производства.При температурах выше 800˚С практически все пористые теплоизоляционные материалы на основе силикатов теряют пластичность, гибкость, ударную вязкость, становятся хрупкими и меняют свою первоначальную форму. Поэтому исследования, направленные на разработку оборудования и технологии производства материалов, способных работать при значительных температурных градиентах, термостойких и не меняющих своих первоначальных прочностных и теплоизоляционных свойств, при воздействии высоких или низких температур, актуальны и требуют дальнейшего развития.В доступных литературных источниках приводятся зависимости потребительских свойств утеплителей, но определение функциональной зависимости теплофизических характеристик от структурных параметров материала остается актуальной задачей.В ходе исследований установлены следующие закономерности: наиболее сильное влияние на плотность готового теплоизоляционного материала оказывает время термообработки материала в печи, причем, чем оно больше, тем меньше плотность материала.Исходя из полученных зависимостей, можно сделать вывод о том, что с увеличением плотности растет и значение коэффициента теплопроводности материала. То есть для получения материала с лучшими теплоизоляционными свойствами необходимо достигать меньшей плотности материала, но при этом и с необходимой прочностью., В роботі наводяться експериментальні дані про вплив різних факторів на теплофізичні властивості пористих матеріалів. Запропоновано методику й математичну модель, що дозволяє прогнозувати зміну теплофізичних властивостей у процесі термообробки.Властивості пористих матеріалів і область їх застосування залежать від хімічного складу, теплофізичних характеристик компонентів і способу їх виробництва.При температурах вище 800˚С практично всі пористі теплоізоляційні матеріали на основі силікатів втрачають пластичність, гнучкість, ударну в’язкість, стають крихкими і змінюють свою первинну форму. Тому дослідження, спрямовані на розробку обладнання і технології виробництва матеріалів, здатних працювати при значних температурних градієнтах, термостійких та таких, що не змінюють своїх початкових міцнісних і теплоізоляційних властивостей, при впливі високих або низьких температур, є актуальними і потребують подальшого розвитку.У доступних літературних джерелах наводяться залежності споживчих властивостей утеплювачів, але визначення функціональної залежності теплофізичних характеристик від структурних параметрів матеріалу залишається актуальним завданням.У ході досліджень встановлено такі закономірності: найбільш сильний вплив на щільність готового теплоізоляційного матеріалу має час термообробки матеріалу в печі, причому, чим він більший, тим менша щільність матеріалу.Виходячи з отриманих залежностей, можна зробити висновок про те, що зі збільшенням щільності росте і значення коефіцієнта теплопровідності матеріалу. Тобто для отримання матеріалу з найкращими теплоізоляційними властивостями необхідно досягати меншої щільності матеріалу, але при цьому і з необхідною тривкістю.

Objective: to study the effectiveness of using statodynamic exercises for the restoration and rehabilitation of highly qualified volleyball players after a meniscectomy (partial resection of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus). Materials and methods: the study involved 5 players of the Russian Super League on volleyball aged 18-30 years who underwent a meniscectomy (partial resection of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus). To assess the effectiveness of the exercises used, the results were compared with the indices of the control group (CG). The study data of 30 athletes involved in game sports (football, handball, volleyball) with sports qualifications ranging from 1 adult to masters of sports of international class with post-traumatic chondropathy of the knee joints were taken as CG. The average age of the athletes was 25.8±7.2 years, the experience in sports – 12±4 years. To study the subjective assessment of the functional state of the injured knee joint, we used the KOOS scale for assessing the outcome of injuries and diseases of the knee joint. Before and after the ten-day experiment, which consisted of the use of exercises of a static-dynamic nature, the following parameters were measured in the following subjects: the angle of flexion in the knee joint, the volume of the thigh, and static endurance of the quadriceps femoris. Results: The studied EG indices were reliably р

The role and place of higher specialized courts in the judicial system of Ukraine have been studied and determined. The author has studied such main categories as “judicial system of Ukraine”, “judiciary”, “judicial system” and “judicial power”. The judicial system of Ukraine has been established. The normative and legal base of functioning of highest specialized courts of Ukraine has been characterized. The author has provided own definition of the categories “judicial system of Ukraine” and “judicial power of Ukraine”. The author has offered to understand the category of “judicial system of Ukraine” as the totality of all hierarchically structured elements of the system (courts), which are endowed with exclusive competence to administer justice, built on the principles of territoriality and specialization, are defined by law and united by general principles of their organization and activity. In turn, the concept of “judicial power of Ukraine” is defined as the activity of courts (judicial system) to administer justice and to perform their professional duties within the limits and in the manner prescribed by the Constitution and laws of Ukraine in accordance with international and legal documents. It has been determined that highest specialized courts in the judicial system of Ukraine are the Supreme Court on Intellectual Property Issues and the Supreme Anti-Corruption Court. It has been concluded that highest specialized courts in the judicial system of Ukraine play an important role in the holistic mechanism of the entire judicial system, since they are endowed with exclusive competence to consider and decide cases on the merits of certain categories, and their activities are determined at the level of a separate regulatory act, which determines their legal status, and hence their place in the judicial system of Ukraine.

Modern-days CMOS-based computation technology is reaching its fundamental limitations. The emerging field of magnonics, which utilizes spin waves for data transport and processing, proposes a promising path to overcome these limitations. Different devices have been demonstrated recently on the macro- and microscale, but the feasibility of the magnonics approach essentially relies on the scalability of the structure feature size down to an extent of a few 10 nm, which are typical sizes for the established CMOS technology. Here, we present a study of propagating spin-wave packets in individual yttrium iron garnet (YIG) conduits with lateral dimensions down to 50 nm. Space and time resolved micro-focused Brillouin-Light-Scattering (BLS) spectroscopy is used to characterize the YIG nanostructures and measure the spin-wave decay length and group velocity directly. The revealed magnon transport at the scale comparable to the scale of CMOS proves the general feasibility of a magnon-based data processing.

Nowadays, the interaction between phonon and magnon subsystems of a magnetic medium is a hot topic of research. The complexity of phonon and magnon spectra, the existence of both bulk and surface modes, the quantization effects, and the dependence of magnon properties on applied magnetic field, make this field very complex and intriguing. Moreover, the recent advances in the fields of spin caloritronics and magnon spintronics as well as the observation of the spin Seebeck effect in magnetic insulators points on the crucial role of magnons in spin-caloric transport processes. In this review, we collect the variety of different studies in which magnon-phonon interaction play important role. The scope of the paper covers the wide range of phenomena starting from the interaction of the coherent magnons with surface acoustic wave and finishing with the formation of magnon supercurrents in the thermal gradients.

Thyroid doses were estimated for 607 subjects of the case-control study of thyroid cancer nested in the cohort of 150,813 male Ukrainian cleanup workers, who were exposed to radiation as a result of the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident. Individual thyroid doses due to external irradiation, inhalation of (131)I and short-lived radioiodine and radiotellurium isotopes ((132)I, (133)I, (135)I, (131m)Te and (132)Te) during the cleanup mission, and intake of (131)I during residence in contaminated settlements were calculated for all study subjects, along with associated uncertainty distributions. The average thyroid dose due to all exposure pathways combined was estimated to be 199 mGy (median dose of 47 mGy; range: 0.15 mGy to 9.0 Gy), with averages of 140 mGy (median of 20 mGy; range: 0.015 mGy to 3.6 Gy) from external irradiation during the cleanup mission, 44 mGy (median of 12 mGy; range: ~0 mGy to 1.7 Gy) due to (131)I inhalation, 42 mGy (median of 7.3 mGy; range: 0.001 mGy to 3.4 Gy) due to (131)I intake during residence, and 11 mGy (median of 1.6 mGy; range: ~0 mGy to 0.38 Gy) due to inhalation of short-lived radionuclides. Internal exposure of the thyroid gland to (131)I contributed more than 50% of the total thyroid dose in 45% of the study subjects. The uncertainties of the individual stochastic doses were characterized by a mean GSD of 2.0, 1.8, 2.0 and 2.6 for external irradiation, inhalation of (131)I, inhalation of short-lived radionuclides and residential exposure, respectively. The models used for dose calculations were validated against instrumental measurements done shortly after the accident. Results of the validation showed that thyroid doses could be estimated retrospectively for Chernobyl cleanup workers two-three decades after the accident with a reasonable degree of reliability.

The relationships between the urea and other goat milk indicators levels at the beginning of lactation on intensive production and with a certain level of feeding were revealed. Due to the beneficial effects on human health, goat’s milk has found its niche in healthy foods’ assortment of developed countries. A sampling of milk has provided an opportunity to identify the characteristics of the goat milk’s physicochemical composition at the beginning of lactation (the first week, the first and second months after parturition). Evaluation of the goat milk quality has high economic importance, especially protein and fat content, on which the volume of produced cheese depends. The milk urea content was 20.93 ± 8.8 mg/dl, the fluctuations at the end of the first week were 10.57 ± 5.78 mg/dl, and the second month of lactation was 25.08 ± 3.17 mg/dl. A correlation was observed between this indicator and the content of fat (r = -0.62), protein (r = -0.76), dry matter (r = -0.72), milk solids-non-fat (r = -0.75) and the milk freezing point (r = -0.79). Thus, these results differ from the data of other researchers conducted with milk and obtained in other lactation periods, when these dependencies were already offset by the influence of other factors. The level of fat averaged 4.77 ± 1.43%, protein 3.61 ± 0.98%, fat / protein ratio was 1.34 ± 0.27. At the end of the first week, level of fat was 5.86 + 1.73%, protein 4.65 ± 0.91%, fat / protein ratio 1.26 ± 0.28, and in the second month of lactation 4.40 ± 1.10%, 3.07 ± 0.51% and 1.43 ± 0.24, respectively. This is probably connected with a gradual transition to the production of more diluted milk after an early lactation period. But the fat and protein ratio characterizes the gradual improvement in the milk technological properties. The lactose level averaged 4.26 ± 0.22%, it varied from 4.25 ± 0.19% at the end of the first week, to 4.39 ± 0.19% at the second-month lactation. In our work, we obtained fluctuations in the number of somatic cells 3312 ± 5579 thousand/ml with very significant fluctuations in individual animals in the absence of any pathological clinical signs. Significant differences with the data from other works are probably due to the early lactation period of our animals. The solids’ content in the milk averaged 13.73 ± 2.41%, milk solids-non-fat 8.94 ± 1.11%, the freezing point or mild depression was 0.563 ± 0.029 ° C. At the end of the first week, these indicators were 15,98 ± 2.44%, 10.11 ± 0.91% and -0.593 ± 0.020 °C, and in the second month of lactation 12.89 ± 1.74%, 8.47 ± 0.75% and -0.555 ± 0.025 °C, respectively.

We have recently shown that injection of magnons into a magnetic dielectric via the spin-orbit torque (SOT) effect in the adjacent layer of a heavy metal subjected to the action of short (0.1 $\mu$s) current pulses allows for control of a magnon Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC). Here, the BEC was formed in the process of rapid cooling (RC), when the electric current heating the sample is abruptly terminated. In the present study, we show that the application of a longer (1.0 $\mu$s) electric current pulse triggers the formation of a nonlinear localized magnonic bullet below the linear magnon spectrum. After pulse termination, the magnon BEC, as before, is formed at the bottom of the linear spectrum, but the nonlinear bullet continues to exist, stabilized for additional 30 ns by the same process of RC-induced magnon condensation. Our results suggest that a stimulated condensation of excess magnons to all highly populated magnonic states occurs.

This article presents a methodology for assessing the radiation doses in an urban environment due to external irradiation from radionuclides deposited on the ground and other surfaces as well as from a passing radioactive cloud. The approach was developed and applied to assess individual doses of residents of the town of Pripyat who were evacuated shortly after the Chernobyl accident. Typically, the so-called location factor is defined as the ratio of the dose rate at a point of exposure and the dose rate at an undisturbed lawn far from any buildings. The present study used a new definition of the location factor as a regular four-dimensional grid of ratios of air kerma rates indoors and outdoors distributed in space and time. The location factors were calculated for two scenarios: outdoor and indoor values for typical apartments and buildings in Pripyat. Indoor location factors varied within two orders of magnitude depending on the floor of residence and place of staying inside the apartment. Values of the indoor location factor differed during the daytime and night by a factor of 30–40 depending on the behaviour of an individual within the apartment. Both, outdoor and indoor location factors decreased with decreasing distances between buildings. It was shown that during the first 4 days after the accident, air kerma rates in Pripyat were governed by the radionuclides deposited on the ground surface, and not by radionuclides in the cloud. Specifically, the contribution of the radioactive cloud to air kerma rate was maximal (i.e., 2.3%) on the morning of 28 April 1986. The methodology and results of this study are currently being used to reconstruct the radiation gonadal dose for the subjects of the American–Ukrainian study of parental irradiation in Chernobyl cleanup workers and evacuees for investigating germline mutations in their offspring.

This paper provides a tutorial overview over recent vigorous efforts to develop computing systems based on spin waves instead of charges and voltages. Spin-wave computing can be considered as a subfield of spintronics, which uses magnetic excitations for computation and memory applications. The tutorial combines backgrounds in spin-wave and device physics as well as circuit engineering to create synergies between the physics and electrical engineering communities to advance the field towards practical spin-wave circuits. After an introduction to magnetic interactions and spin-wave physics, all relevant basic aspects of spin-wave computing and individual spin-wave devices are reviewed. The focus is on spin-wave majority gates as they are the most prominently pursued device concept. Subsequently, we discuss the current status and the challenges to combine spin-wave gates and obtain circuits and ultimately computing systems, considering essential aspects such as gate interconnection, logic level restoration, input-output consistency, and fan-out achievement. We argue that spin-wave circuits need to be embedded in conventional CMOS circuits to obtain complete functional hybrid computing systems. The state of the art of benchmarking such hybrid spin-wave--CMOS systems is reviewed and the current challenges to realize such systems are discussed. The benchmark indicates that hybrid spin-wave--CMOS systems promise ultralow-power operation and may ultimately outperform conventional CMOS circuits in terms of the power-delay-area product. Current challenges to achieve this goal include low-power signal restoration in spin-wave circuits as well as efficient spin-wave transducers., This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 801055 "Spin Wave Computing for Ultimately-Scaled Hybrid Low-Power Electronics" - CHIRON

Ferromagnet/superconductor heterostructures allow for the combination of unique physical phenomena offered by the both fields of magnetism and superconductivity. It was shown recently that spin waves can be efficiently scattered in such structures by a lattice of static or moving magnetic flux quanta (Abrikosov vortices), resulting in bandgaps in the spin-wave spectra. Here, we realize a nonreciprocal motion of a vortex lattice in nanoengineered symmetric and asymmetric pinning landscapes and investigate the non-reciprocal scattering of magnons on fluxons. We demonstrate that the magnon bandgap frequencies can be tuned by the application of a low-dissipative transport current and by its polarity reversal. Furthermore, we exploit the rectifying (vortex diode or ratchet) effect by the application of a 100 MHz-frequency ac current to deliberately realize bandgap up- or downshifts during one ac halfwave while keeping the bandgap frequency constant during the other ac halfwave. The investigated phenomena allow for the realization of energy-efficient hybrid magnonic devices, such as microwave filters with an ultra-high bandgap tunability of 10 GHz/mA and a fast modulation of the transmission characteristics on the 10 ns time scale., 6 pages, 3 figures

The current state of activity of the Armed Forces of the Baltic States such as Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia has been studied. The experience of the Armed Forces of these countries in ensuring collective defense, security and peace in accordance with NATO standards has been analyzed. It is stated that the National Armed Forces of the Republic of Latvia is a group of troops intended to protect the fundamental freedoms, independence and territorial integrity of the state. It’s a part of the Ministry of Defence of Latvia. It is emphasized that the Armed Forces of the Republic of Lithuania are a state military organization whose purpose is to protect the territorial integrity and inviolability of the state. It is a structural unit of the Ministry of National Defence Republic of Lithuania. It is noted that the Armed Forces of Estonia (Defence Forces) is a military organized unit of the Executive authority, which is headed by the government of the Republic and the Ministry of Defence of Estonia. It is stated that the activities of the Armed Forces of the Baltic States are carried out on the principle of collective defence of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, which task is to protect the member States from military threat. Based on the analyzed experience of the Baltic States’ Armed Forces, it has been concluded that the effective functioning and activities of the Armed Forces depends on a clear definition of the main priorities in the field of defenсe, chains of international community and valid logistical support. It is noted about the possible implementation of certain positive provisions regarding the transformation about the integrated leadership system of the defenсe forces and military management in the Armed Forces in accordance with NATO standards and the provision of advisory assistance.

The purpose of the work was to determine the performance of goat milk in smallholder production in optimal climatic conditions of the Donetsk-Dnipro region of the Left Bank province of the natural-agricultural zone of the Steppe of Ukraine. According to the definition of the temperature - humidity index, the climate acceptable for goats is observed in April. Mean values and standard deviations of physico-chemical parameters of milk were found in local goats at lactation: fat 4.32 ± 1.25%, protein 3.22 ± 0.24%, lactose 4.78 ± 0.37%, fat ratio / protein 1.35 ± 0.42, milk solids-not-fat 8.67 ± 0.65%, density 29 ± 300A, freezing point -0.567 ± -0.0390C, electrical conductivity 4.49 ± 0.47 mS / cm, pH 6, 73 ± 0.09, acidity 15.7 ± 1.90T. At the peak of the lactation curves, local goats showed a decrease in protein and lactose content, instead of an increase in fat. The expressiveness of such a disproportion was manifested in the dynamics of the values of the ratio of fat / protein, milk solids-not-fat and milk density. Therefore, during the first 2-3 months of lactation, when milk is actually the only source of nutrients for plastic and energy metabolism for goatlings, the concentration of lactose and protein is high. At the age of 3–4 months goatlings have to satisfy most of their needs due to their own search for feed, which is why the composition of goat's milk reflects this process of formation of the young's animal digestive system. The decrease in milk depression (higher freezing point) during the lactation peak probably reflects a change in the total concentration of osmotically active substances, especially lactose, at this time. The gradual increase in the electrical conductivity of milk throughout the lactation is caused by the accumulation of electrolytes coming from the blood of animals. In fact, the stable pH and acidity of milk confirm the high resistance of local animals to breast diseases, especially subclinical mastitis caused by technological stress on animals under conditions of intensive production technology. The presence of 87 % of the population of goats both in Dnipropetrovsk region and in Ukraine as a whole means that it will remain important for a long time to ensure the proper level of servicing of small cattle in individual peasant farms rather than in specialized enterprises.

The substitution conditions of scandium atoms in SrLaScO4 slab perovskite-like structure (SPS) of Sr1–xCaxLaScO4- type (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0,3) have defined by X-ray powder diffraction methods. SPS (Abma space group) of Sr0.7Ca0.3LaScO4 phase with a substitution degree of strontium atoms equal 0,3 is determined by the Rietveld procedure. The crystal structure of Sr0.7Ca0.3LaScO4 is formed by two-dimensional perovskite-like blocks consisting of a slab of distorted ScO6 octahedra joined by vertices. Blocks are separated by the slab of (Sr, Ca, La)О9 polyhedra. Analysis of the obtained data has shown that, in a case of the substitution of Sr atoms by Ca atoms in SPS of Sr1–xCaxLaScO4, a gradual reduction of the length of the (Sr, Ca, La) — О2 interblock bond and the increases of the deformation degree (Δ) of interblock (Sr,Ca,La)О9 polyhedra and the mutual inclination of octahedrons ScO6 take place. Reduction in the distance between perovskite-like blocks approaches a construction of SPS to the thermodynamically stable perovskite structure, and the increase of Δ(Sr, Ca, La)О9 strains and destabilizes SPS. The total effect of these factors leads to the destruction of SPS, limits the range of Sr1–xCaxLaScO4 solid solutions with a slab perovskite-like structure (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0,3), and makes the formation of SrLaScO4 scandate with this type of structure impossible. The results obtained can be used to regulate the functional (electrophysical, optical, etc.) structurally dependent properties of the Sr1–xCaxLaScO4 phases by successively isovalent substitution atoms in the A-positions of their layered perovskite-like structure.