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Introduction. 44 cases of HIV-infection among the homeless were registered in Saint Petersburg in 2021. At the same time, it is known that the case reporting and medical treatment in Russia are limited by the lack of required document minimum among a large number of them — passport and compulsory medical insurance policy. The cohort of the homeless is heterogeneous and in many countries the predominant risk factors of HIV infection and prevalence are different. So far, the studies of HIV spread among the homeless in Russia are rare.Objective. Assess the prevalence of HIV infection among the homeless in Saint Petersburg.Materials and methods. Cross-sectional study was carried out among the homeless in «places of attraction»: heating points, overnight shelters, care services from May, 24th to October, 1st 2021 and involved 199 participants. There was questionnaire and rapid HIV antibody testing in capillary blood by the set «Wondfo HIV 1,2». The study was completed anonymously.Results. When examining HIV infection was detected in 9 out of 199 participants — 4.5% (CI 95% [1.61%, 7.39%]), thus, HIV prevalence among the homeless is on average higher than in Saint Petersburg (0.81%) and the country (0.78%). The factors, associated with HIV infection, are the use of injection drugs: odds ratio of prevalence in the adjusted model adjusted prevalence ratio (APR)=4.3 (pConclusion. The results obtained and the factors, defined in the study of risk factors for infection, allow to determine the main directions of HIV prevention among the homeless and to highlight the need for attributing the cohort of the homeless to the «key» population group along with others.

В данной монографии рассматриваются жизнь и деятельность выдающегося государственного деятеля и реформатора второй половины XVII века – короля Швеции Карла XI (1660–1697). К сожалению, в отечественной историографии личность и реформы Карла XI рассматриваются впервые. При написании монографии использованы материалы архивов Швеции, труды историков стран Балтии, Германии, Швеции, Финляндии, Великобритании, Франции и России, частные архивы ряда дворянских семей Швеции, Финляндии и Германии. Монография может быть полез-на научным работникам, преподавателям, адъюнктам, слушателям и студентам гуманитарных и пожарно-технических образовательных учреждений, изучающих курс дисциплин: «История», «История России», «Истории скандинавских стран», «История мировых цивилизаций», «История международных отношений», «Всеобщая история», «Геополитика». Издано в авторской редакции.

The spectral characteristics of dithiomalondianilide (N,N′-diphenyldithiomalonodiamide) were studied, and the dissociation constant was determined by potentiometric titration. Quantum-chemical methods at the B3LYP-D3BJ/6-311+G (2d,p) level were used to calculate the molecular geometry and vibrational spectra of the most stable tautomeric forms of dithiomalondianilide. The bioavailability parameters were calculated, and possible protein targets were predicted by the protein ligand docking method.

trans-2-Amino-4-aryl-5-benzoyl-4,5-dihydrothiophene-3-carbonitriles were prepared either by the reaction of 3-aryl-2-cyanothioacrylamides with α-thiocyanatoacetophenone or by the Michael-type addition of cyanothioacetamide to α-bromochalcones followed by intramolecular cyclization. The mechanism of the first reaction was studied using high-level quantum chemical calculations. Density functional theory (DFT) studies were carried out to determine the mechanism of the first reaction. A new approach toward the construction of the thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine core system was demonstrated by the reaction of the prepared dihydrothiophenes with HCHO and RNH2 under noncatalyzed Mannich conditions.

New methods for the electrochemical synthesis of copper(II) and zinc(II) coordination compounds with pyridinecarboxylic acids (nicotinic and picolinic) have been developed. The resulting compounds were characterized by quantitative analysis and IR spectroscopy. The vibrational frequencies of the synthesized compounds were calculated by a DFT quantum-chemical method, and the experimental IR spectra were interpreted on this basis. It was found that pyridinecarboxylate ions in all cases are coordinated both at the nitrogen atom and at the carboxylate group, however, in the case of nicotinic acid, this leads to the formation of coordination polymers, whereas for picolinic acid, the formation of mononuclear complexes is typical.

Abstract The reaction of 2-amino-1,1,3-tricyanopropene (malononitrile dimer) with isothiocyanates leads to 1-substituted 4,6-diamino-2-thioxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarbonitriles or 4,6-diamino-2-(phenylimino)-2H-thiopyran-3,5-dicarbonitrile, depending on the conditions. Quantum-chemical modeling of the IR spectra and reaction routes for the synthesized compounds was carried out. In silico predictive analysis of potential protein targets, compliance with bioavailability criteria, and ADMET parameters was performed.

The possibility of replacing thin plates (0.5 mm) of AA2024 grade alloy by plates made of a novel alloy of the Al–Mg–Sc system doped with transition metals is studied. The novel material is lighter than AA2024 alloy while retaining such properties as a high level of corrosion resistance and satisfactory weldability, equaling the aforementioned alloy in static strength, ductility, and crack resistance. It is shown that, upon using extrusion through the matrix with a periodically changing profile, the accumulated strain factor exhibits an almost twofold increase in comparison with the extrusion through a cone matrix. This makes it possible to improve the refinement of the structure at the same elongation ratio amounting to 4. It has been shown that a mixed structure with small-angle dislocation subgrain boundaries and strongly disoriented boundaries of fragmented structures is formed within the plates with a thickness of 0.5 mm.

The relevance of this research is determined by the widespread use of water georesources as working fluids in hydro- and heat power engineering, in heat supply and cooling systems.In this case, it is often required to carry out technological water treatment before using in the main production cycle. In particular, water needs to be cleaned of colloidal, scale-forming and gaseous impurities. The greatest difficulty is the water treatment from hardness salts, that is, its softening. Calcium and magnesium salts usually precipitate on heat exchange surfaces with the formation of scale, that leads to a sharp decrease in the efficiency of the heat exchange equipment, excessive fuel consumption and frequent stops for cleaning. Descaling is usually done by acid washing of the internal heat exchange surfaces or mechanically. All these methods involve the use of a large number of chemical reagents, and strongly pollute wastewater from water treatment units. In addition, it significantly increases operating costs. The purpose of this research is to theoretically describe the electrochemical processes that occur in installations with permanent toroidal magnets when passing a stream of water with hardness salts dissolved in it, as well as to analyze the practical operation experience of such installations. Objects: toroidal magnetic system, magnetic field, salt ions contained in water, magnetic water treatment units. Methods: toroidal electrodynamics; experiments on the interaction of toroidal electromagnetic objects; hypotheses about electrochemical processes occurring in a water stream flowing along the axis of a magnetic toroid; experiments to test these hypotheses; theory explaining magnetic water treatment technology; analysis of the «Magnust» apparatus long-term operating. Results. The paper introduces the theoretical explanation of the magnetic water treatment technology using toroidal magnetic installations and describes the electrochemical processes occurring at the stage of magnetic treatment and the subsequent stage of heating magnetized water. It is shown that ions of different signs drift in mutually opposite directions in the magnetic field presence. For this reason, the formation of calcium and magnesium hydrocarbonate on the heat exchange surface is difficult. As a result, the deposition of carbonates on heated surfaces does not occur. The authors have determined the most effective design of the magnetic installation and its optimal parameters as well. The paper introduces the information on the «Magnust» apparatus operation at several civil and industrial facilities.

The reaction of substituted 4,4-diphenyl-3,4(1,4)-dihydroquinazolines with various alkylating agents in DMSO–KOH leads (depending on the structure of the alkylating agent) to the formation of the corresponding N1-monoalkyl-substituted 1,4-dihydroquinazolines or, in the reaction with ethyl bromoacetate, to N-{[5-bromo-2-(methylamino)phenyl]diphenylmethyl}benzamide with opening of the heterocyclic ring. The molecular structures of 1-ethyl-2,4,4-triphenyl-1,4-dihydroquinazoline and 1-ethyl-2-(7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-4,4-diphenyl-1,4-dihydroquinazoline were investigated and proven by X-ray structural analysis.

Terminal polychlorides of hyperbranched polyester polyol Boltorn H20 were synthesized. Subsequent treatment of the resultant polychlorides with absolute pyridine or triphenylphosphine led to the formation of products of varying degrees of functionalization, containing pyridinium or triphenylphosphonium moieties in terminal positions.

The article is devoted to the study of the mechanism of budget accounting to combine the fixed assets of the same type into one inventory item. It provides the analysis of advantages and disadvantages of this mechanism. The methodological base of the study includes the theory of accounting for fixed assets in state funded institutions. The analysis proves that the combination of fixed assets in a single inventory unit reduces labor costs for their accounting because the write-off of any out-of function fixed asset making part of such combined accounting item involves its decomposition and recording as separate fixed assets with individual inventory numbers. The article considers the structure of accounting records of fixed assets of the same type, proposes a modified template of an inventory card of group accounting (form 0504032) and an example of how to fill it in. It also provides recommendations on improvement of the accounting of such fixed assets to be used in the preparation of new norms in accounting for state funded organizations.

The reaction of 5-acetyl-4-aryl-6-hydroxy-3,6-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazoles p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in boiling acetone in the presence of triethylamine was found to occur in a completely regioselective with the exclusive formation of 5-acetyl-4-aryl-6-hydroxy-3,6-dimethyl-1-(4-methylbenzenesulfonyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazoles. The experimental results were confirmed by quantum chemical calculations. In silico biological activity evaluation of the synthesized compounds was performed.

An analysis of a particular case of the heterogeneous chemical process accompanied by multicomponent nonisothermal diffusion and the thermal decomposition of dispersed ammonium nitrate for the production of nitrous oxide has been carried out. Recommendations on the organization of the process in the reactor are given based on the mathematical model.

Review of the possibility of replacing thin sheets (0.5 mm) of alloy 2024 with sheets of a new alloy of the Al – Mg – Sc system alloyed with transition metals. New material is lighter than 2024 but save high-level properties such as corrosion strait, satisfactory weldability, static strength, ductility and crack resistance. Review of the possibility that in the case of using extrusion technologies through the matrix with a periodically changing profile. The coefficient of accumulated deformation is increased by almost 2 times compared with extrusion through a cone matrix. This allows to improve the developed structures with the same drawing coefficients equal to 4. It was shown that mixed structure with small-angle dislocation subgrain boundaries and strongly misoriented boundaries of fragmented structures forms in sheets with a thickness of 0.5 mm.

3-Aminothieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid esters readily reacted with 3,5-dimethyl-1-(cyanoacetyl)-1H-pyrazole to give previously unknown N-(thieno[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)cyanoacetamides. Reactions of the latter with 2-(arylmethylidene)malononitriles were nonselective, and mixtures of different heterocyclization products were generally formed. The cyclization of ethyl 4,6-dimethyl-3-[(cyanoacetyl)amino]thieno[2,3-b]-pyridine-2-carboxylate afforded 2,4-dihydroxy-7,9-dimethylthieno[2,3-b : 4,5-b′]dipyridine-3-carbonitrile whose tautomeric equilibrium was studied by DFT quantum chemical calculations. In silico analysis of biological activity of the synthesized compounds was performed.

Caloric restriction (CR) is the most studied pro-longevity intervention; however, a complete understanding of its underlying mechanisms remains elusive, and new research directions may emerge from the identification of novel CR-related genes and CR-related genetic features. This work used a Machine Learning (ML) approach to classify ageing-related genes as CR-related or NotCR-related using 9 different types of predictive features: PathDIP pathways, two types of features based on KEGG pathways, two types of Protein-Protein Interactions (PPI) features, Gene Ontology (GO) terms, Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) expression features, Gene-Friends co-expression features and protein sequence descriptors. Our findings suggested that features biased towards curated knowledge (i.e. GO terms and biological pathways), had the greatest predictive power, while unbiased features (mainly gene expression and co-expression data) have the least predictive power. Moreover, a combination of all the feature types diminished the predictive power compared to predictions based on curated knowledge. Feature importance analysis on the two most predictive classifiers mostly corroborated existing knowledge and supported recent findings linking CR to the Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (NRF2) signalling pathway and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). We then used the two strongest combinations of feature type and ML algorithm to predict CR-relatedness among ageing-related genes currently lacking CR-related annotations in the data, resulting in a set of promising candidate CR-related genes (GOT2, GOT1, TSC1, CTH, GCLM, IRS2 and SESN2) whose predicted CR-relatedness remain to be validated in future wet-lab experiments.

Objectives of writing . The purpose of writing this article is to study the concept of economic security, as well as the allocation of its structural components. In the course of such an analysis, it was revealed that one of the main factors for ensuring economic security is economic aspects (called financial security). Methodological foundations and methodological approaches . In terms of methodology, the study is based on an analysis of Russian legislation and the works of Russian economists on economic security issues. The practical aspects of the research in their informational basis are based on data from Rosstat and the Bank of Russia. The results of the study . According to the results of the study, the following results and conclusions were obtained: Currently, the concept of economic security does not have a clear identification in either Russian legislation or the scientific community; the concept of economic security can be divided into several structural elements: financial (the most important element), investment, fiscal, industrial security; In matters of financial security, there is currently no clear vision of target priorities and benchmarks; The current monetary policy is contradictory in its essence and does not provide for the growth of the real sector of the economy. Theoretical and practical recommendations . Conducted research can serve as a basis for structuring problems of economic security. An important merit of the authors is the explanation of the contradictions of the current monetary policy. The authors showed that the policy of targeting (restraining) inflation does not create conditions for the growth of investment activity and economic growth.

A method of manufacturing double-lattice magnetoplasmonic crystals with the structure (Au/BIG)2, in which the plasmon gold lattices are displaced relative to each other by half a period, has been presented. Gold films with thicknesses of about 40 nm have been formed by the ion-beam sputtering–deposition method, while the adhesive properties of the films allow the dimensional etching by a sharp-focused ion beam. It has been shown that the formation of the second plasmon lattice located on top of the 100 nm thick garnet layer allows the preserving of the periodicity of the first Au lattice. However, there is a significant influence of diffusion spreading on the lower lattice material, which leads to a decrease in its density. The dependence of the intensity magnetooptical effect in the geometry on the transmission as a function of the thickness of the upper lattice and presence of an additional layer of Ta2O5 has been studied.

We have studied heterostructures in the form of a thin layer of a ferromagnetic metal on ferroelectric PbZr0.45Ti0.55O3 (lead zirconate titanate) substrates with a shaped interface. The structures offer an increased low-frequency magnetoelectric effect, reaching 10 mV/(cm Oe) in an ac magnetic field at a frequency of 1000 Hz. The structures demonstrated in this study are potentially attractive for designing and fabricating nonvolatile magnetic field sensors and magnetic memory elements.

The rheological properties of corundum suspensions were studied. It is shown that to prepare corundum slurry in obtaining ceramic, high-porosity, permeable, cellular materials (HPCM) by the method of duplicating the structure of polymer matrices the minimum possible ratio S : L of the disperse phase and the dispersion medium is 2.3 : 1 and the weight content of polyvinyl alcohol in the corundum slurry is 1 – 3%. It was proved experimentally that corundum suspensions with such a ratio of the disperse phase and the dispersion medium are coagulation structures with characteristic thixotropic behavior.

This paper is devoted to obtaining and investigating the stability of silver and palladium sols in N,N-dimethylformamide medium. Due to the unique properties exhibited by metals in the nanosized state, metallic nanoparticles are gaining increasing importance in various fields of application, science and technology. This makes the task of obtaining stable metal sols extremely urgent. The synthesis of aggregate-resistant organosols of metals is associated with a number of problems, since the metal sols obtained in organic media are much less stable than hydrosols. For this reason, there arises the challenge of choosing an appropriate stabilizer. In this study, the stabilizer was branched polyester Laprol 5003. A distinctive feature of the synthesis of silver sols was the absence of a special reducing agent, since N,N-dimethylformamide, used as a solvent, recovers silver cations itself. As a result, stable sols of silver and palladium have been obtained in N,N-dimethylformamide medium. Sodium borohydride was used as the reducing agent for the synthesis of palladium nanoparticles. Spectral studies of the resulting sols were carried out. The silver and palladium nanoparticles were sized up by scanning electron microscopy. The procedure has shown that the average size of the silver particles formed in the N,N-dimethylformamide medium is 4 ± 2 nm, which is substantially smaller than the particles obtained in isopropanol medium by the borohydride method. The silver sols aggregation in dimethylformamide under the action of potassium thiocyanate was studied via optical absorption spectroscopy. It has been found that the stability of the silver sol in dimethylformamide to the electrolyte is higher than that of the sol obtained in isopropanol. It has also been detected that several absorption bands are present in the optical spectrum of the palladium sol in dimethylformamide. The effect of the stabilizing polyester concentration on the stability of silver and palladium sols in N,N-dimethylformamide was studied. The result is that when the concentration of Laprol 5003 exceeds some quantity, a sharp increase in the aggregation time of sols is observed, which indicates a significant increase in their stability.

Scanning electron microscopy results demonstrate that coupling of the ferromagnetic and ferroelectric components in a Co/PbZr0.45Ti0.55O3/Co thin-film structure, resulting in a considerable magnitude (several to tens of mV/A) of a low-frequency magnetoelectric effect at room temperature, extends to a depth of up to 20 μm. This makes it possible to optimize the thickness of the PbZr0.45Ti0.55O3 substrate and enhance the performance of such structures for use as sensing elements in information storage/processing devices and magnetic field sensors based on the magnetoelectric effect.

The article deals with the current issues of cadastral valuation reliability on the example of Tambov region. The authors consider the genesis of development of cadastral valuation institute and the related matters. The problems of cadastral valuation result from the imbalance of the taxation system because property and land taxes are a few real local taxes. That is why local authorities solve the problem of the development of the local tax base by means of systematic overestimating cadastral value. In article analyses certain problems of cadastral valuation, such as procedural aspects and statistics of contesting cadastral valuation, accounting and singling out of a value added tax in the fnal result of valuation along with the arising conflicts of interest between the regional and federal authorities.

Poly-N,N-diallylmorpholinium bromide is synthesized and characterized using the methods of IR and NMR spectroscopy. The surface modification of MA-41 industrial heterogeneous membranes (Russia) by this polyelectrolyte is carried out from an equivalent mixture of N-methylpyrrolidone and anhydrous formic acid and also from aqueous solutions. The electrochemical characteristics of the modified membranes are studied on the setup with a rotating membrane disk. It is found that the reaction of water dissociation on modified membranes occurs less intensively than on the initial membrane and the main mass transport mechanism in the superlimiting current modes in systems with modified membranes is electroconvection.

3-(Thiocyanatoacetyl)coumarin, prepared by a reaction of 3-(bromoacetyl)coumarin with KSCN, reacts with primary aryl amines to give new hybrid heterocyclic products, 3-(3-aryl-2-imino-2,3-dihydrothiazol-4-yl)-2Н-chromen-2-ones. The structures and conformational features of the products have been studied by the B3LYP-D3/6-311G(d,p) method.

Reactions of (2-aminophenyl)diphenylmethanol with ketones (dimedone, camphor, and 3-bromocamphor) in acetic acid result in the formation of arylimines of camphore and 3-bromocamphore, substituted tetrahydroacridin-1(2H)-one and 2-methyl-4,4-diphenylbenzoxazine.

The kinetics of the heterogeneous process of the thermal decomposition of condensed substance particles with the formation of gaseous reaction products is considered using an example of the process of obtaining nitrous oxide via the thermal decomposition of the ammonium nitrate melt. A mathematical model has been obtained based on the methods of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes taking into account the thermal phenomena and the multicomponent composition of the reaction products. Using the methods of multicomponent hydrodynamics, expressions of crossed kinetic coefficients determined from the measured physical quantities have been obtained. An analysis was carried out for some particular cases of the process using the developed mathematical model.

Asymmetric bipolar membranes modified with phosphorylated and carboxylated hyperbranched polymers with different degrees of functionalization have been synthesized and studied. The effect of the nature of ionogenic groups of functionalized polymers on both individual electrochemical characteristics of asymmetric bipolar membranes and their efficiency in adjusting the pH of dilute solutions by electrodialysis has been studied. It has been found that an increase in the degree of functionalization of hyperbranched polymers leads to an increase in the current efficiency and a decrease in the voltage drop across the asymmetric bipolar membranes.

Technology is developed for preparing semifinished sheet of hypereutectic alloys based on the aluminumcerium system intended for operation under conditions of x-radiation. The technology is based on creating a test alloy by casting and subsequent deformation treatment. Two versions of cast billet preparation are considered in the work. Sheet material prepared by rolling these billets exhibits good adaptability and may be used for producing engineering objects.

The accuracy of determining the LTEC with respect to metals and alloys with an HCP lattice based on inverse pole figures (IPF) is analyzed depending on the number of experimental points on the IPF using three averaging options: (1) taking into account the irregular arrangement of reflections on the stereographic triangle according to Morris; (2) by the multiplicity factor and (3) with the same weight of each orientation. It is shown that when evaluating the LTEC for semi-finished products with a basal texture, 17 reflections on the IPF are sufficient to provide an error of

An adaptive magnetic flux and position observer has been designed for a permanent magnet synchronous motor. The measurable signals are stator winding currents and voltages only. The observer provides observation error convergence to zero in finite time for measurements without noise. The design method is iteratively applied to obtain the rotor velocity and load torque estimates.

Amorphous yttrium iron garnet films ranging in thickness from 100 to 600 nm have been produced on single-crystal silicon substrates by sputtering a polycrystalline target with the composition Y3Fe5O12 (yttrium iron garnet) by a mixture of argon and oxygen ions. Before film growth, AlO x or SiO2 buffer layers up to 0.8 μm in thickness were grown on the Si surface. The heterostructures were crystallized by annealing in air at a temperature of 950°C for 30 min. The properties of the films were studied by magneto-optical techniques, using Kerr effect and ferromagnetic resonance measurements. The Gilbert damping parameter reached 2.8 × 10–3 and the effective planar magnetic anisotropy field was independent of the nature of the buffer layer. This suggests that the thin-film heterostructures obtained in this study are potentially attractive for use in spin-wave semiconductor devices.

The influence of organic, inorganic, and hybrid catalytic additives on the current–voltage characteristics of the bipolar region of industrial MB-1 and MB-3 bipolar membranes and analogues of an MB-2 bipolar membrane is investigated by the method of frequency spectrum of electrochemical impedance. It is shown that the introduction of compounds accelerating water dissociation reaction into the bipolar region makes it possible to obtain bipolar membranes with lower operating voltage when compared to industrial bipolar membranes.

Results of spectroscopic analysis of the optical second-harmonic (SH) generation in magnetic plasmonic structures comprised of iron garnet and periodic arrays of gold stripes are presented. It is shown experimentally that, in the region of the resonant excitation of a surface plasmon on the metal–magnetic dielectric interface, an increase in the SH intensity and an alternating modulation of the magnetic contrast for the SH, reaching 40%, are observed. The results are described in terms of a nonlinear Fano resonance.

Constant transformations taking place in urban areas infrastructure lead to a change in the nature of environmental components’ impact, which requires the methodological bases improvement to assess the level of environmental safety of dynamically developing urban areas. To solve this problem, authors proposed the use of environmental, economic and social criteria with the substantiation of the principles of its calculation and description of possible results for each direction. The methodological foundations presented in the article are one of the stages of constructing a methodology for assessing the level of environmental safety of dynamically developing urbanized territories, taking into account the qualitative changes in environmental factors, functional and planning transformations of the urban landscape, as well as accompanying socio-economic transformations.

In this paper it is shown that the combination of surface nanostructuring and subsequent plastic deformation can be a way to control the structure of the material and, accordingly, its mechanical properties by surface action.

Mg(Fe0.8Ga0.2)2O4 films 340 nm thick were prepared by ion-beam sputtering on aluminasmoothed GaN substrates. Reactions that can occur between the components of heterostructure during its crystallization in the range 298.15–1273 K are analyzed. In order for Mg(Fe0.8Ga0.2)2O4 films to be continuous, their crystallization temperature should be lowered and alumina deposition—sputtering on GaN should be repeated several times.

The article defines the role of the restructuring of the management system, wherean important aspect highlighted in theprocess of building a structural-functionalmodel of restructuring. Main approachesto the construction of models for the restructuring of the management system: astrategic approach, cybernetic approach,project approach. Formulated necessaryand sufficient conditions for the creation and implementation of structural-functional model of restructuring. An algorithmof constructing the structural-functionalmodel of restructuring of the management system.