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The aim of the paper is a qualitative assessment of the stock of long - clawed crayfish on the basis of the indicator approach.Methods used: indicator approach of qualitative stock assessment, methods of descriptive statistics, regression analysis.Novelty: a qualitative assessment of the stocks of long - clawed crayfish in the Astrakhan region by the indicator approach has not been previously carried out.Result: Qualitative assessments of the state of the stock of long- clawed crayfish in the Astrakhan region in 2016-2020 were obtained. The results of the assessments showed that in 2016, 2019 and 2020 its stock in the Astrakhan region was in an uncertain state (an integral assessment showed no dynamics in the state of the stock for the worse or better), and in 2017 and 2018 - in the alarming state (the integral assessment showed a negative trend in the state of the stock). The final integral assessment made it possible to formulate recommendations for the further exploitation of the stock of this species of hydrobiont.Practical significance: this study represents the application of the indicator approach in the biological sub -stantiation of the assessment of the total allowable catch of long - clawed crayfish in the Astrakhan region.

За 125 лет КаспНИРХ прошёл путь от одной из первых в России ихтиологической лаборатории до современного научно-исследовательского учреждения — флагмана рыбохозяйственной науки на Каспии.

Peculiarities of distribution and population systems of water frogs of the Pelophylax esculentus complex in the northwest of Russia were studied using cytogenetic (genome size) and external morphological characters (439 specimens from 101 localities). We registered three species: P. lessonae, P. ridibundus, and P. esculentus of a hybrid origin. All frogs, including hybrids, were diploid. The first species was prevailing (82% localities); the second species was revealed in 18% localities and hybrid frogs in 13% localities. All species reach the northernmost limits of their distribution. Pelophylax lessonae is widely spread through Pskovskaya and Novgorodskaya oblast’s, as well as in southern Leningradskaya oblast’, preferring forest habitats. Pelophylax esculentus is found in Pskovskaya oblast’ (forest and agricultural biotopes) in co-existence with P. lessonae only. Pelophylax ridibundus, which was introduced since the 18th century, is distributed in St. Petersburg City and Leningradskaya oblast’ along southern coast of the Gulf of Finland and Narva River on the Estonian border. All populations of the species were usually observed in open water bodies and rivers that flow down on cultivated, urban or barren lands and were allopatric in relation to P. lessonae and P. esculentus. Water frogs of northwestern Russia form three types of population systems only: so called pure single-species (L or R) systems and a mixed (L – E) system; no type with unisexual hybrids was revealed. Thus, their diversity is lower than in other regions of central and eastern Europe.

The long-term data of the spawning stock of passing herring are analyzed in accordance with its commercial catches. The current state of the age structure of producers with a division into replenishment and remainder is considered. The main reasons for the decline in the spawning stock are identified and recommendations are given for commercial exploitation aimed at preserving and restoring the population of black-backed herring.

The peculiarities of two Landau-type theories of ferroelastic phase transitions have been analyzed. The predictions of both theories have been compared with well-known experimental data obtained for the shape memory alloys (SMAs) undergoing the first-order martensitic transformations (MTs). It has been shown that the predictions of the Landau–Devonshire theory, which disregards the third-order term in power expansion of Gibbs free energy, contradict the experimental data, while the results of the symmetry conforming Landau theory, which takes into account this term, are in agreement with experimental data. The impossibility of occurrence of the second-order MT is demonstrated starting from the thermodynamic definition of the second-order phase transition. It is argued that the stress–strain loops, obtained for SMAs, can imitate the stress-induced phase transition in the absence of such transition.

Chlorine-containing plasma and its mixtures with molecular and inert gases, as well as plasmas of complex polyatomic gases, such as freons, are often used to form the topology on the surface of semiconductors. This article examines the surface quality (based on the roughness data) of the semiconductor structure of GaAs after plasma-chemical etching in the plasma of mixtures of HCl/Ar, HCl/Cl2, and HCl/H2, as well as R-12 freon and its mixture with argon. Freon R-12 is often used for etching Si, Ge, and a number of other materials (GaAs, GaP, InP), providing technologically acceptable interaction rates, and also meets the requirements for anisotropy and selectivity. Also, mixtures of active gases with inert (He, Ar) gases have become widespread, which can act both as simply diluent gases and as sources of ions for the ion bombardment of the sample for the further ionic stimulation of the desorption of the interaction products, which improves the functional properties surface, with a slight decrease in the speed of interaction. Nevertheless, controlling the surface quality of samples remains an urgent task in modern electronics.

Wintering pits of semi-passable and river fish on the Lower Volga have historically had a protected status that prohibits any fishing in their waters. The wintering period is important in the life of semi-migratory and river fish, and directly affects the formation of their stocks. The process of pit formation in the Volga Delta is continuous. At the same time, some of the pits lose their fishing significance over time, while others, newly formed, on the contrary, have mass accumulations of fish, especially in the pre-winter and winter periods. The aim of the work was to study the structure of the fish population in the deep-water section of the river-a potential wintering pit. The seasonal and spatial dynamics of the species composition of the fish population, their concentrations in the pit and in the adjacent riverbed are shown. It is noted that the studied area is a typical wintering pit of the Volga river Delta, where common catfish Silurus glanis (Linnaeus, 1758), carp Cyprinus carpio carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) and walleye Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758), which form the basis of research (control) catches (more than 90%), lie for the winter. High indicators of the relative number of fish were observed throughout the study period, which indicates a high productivity of the deep-water object, in terms of the formation of pre-winter and winter concentrations, which is associated with favorable conditions for wintering semi-passable and river fish (depth, flow rates, etc.). The Pit meets the developed ichthyological criterion and is a place of mass concentrations of fish suitable for wintering. In order to preserve and restore the resource potential of the Lower Volga, the winter pit on the Yellow river should be recommended for inclusion in the List of winter pits of the fishing Regulations for the Volga-Caspian fisheries basin (Astrakhan region). The protected status of the site will allow you to remove the winter pit from the fishing zone, including Amateur fishing, preventing its looting in the future

The possibility of additional hardening of foam aluminum by metal borides, hardening phases, which create an additional hardening frame in the matrix of cast aluminum, is shown. The increase in the strength of the aluminum frame and the entire composite material as a whole with the introduction of the boride component increases by 1.4 times.

Experimental development and production of a robotic arm prototype with five axis of motion is being carried out for further use as a laboratory bench. The description of the experimental prototype, the control principle, and the analysis of the results are given.

The SCADA system was developed. The development process is described. The main elements that make up the SCADA system are described. The algorithm of functioning of the SCADA system, its capabilities, and the main advantages of its use were described in detail.

The article deals with the application of the methods of functional and object-oriented modeling with a focus on studying the effectiveness of tool management systems of intelligent production machines under high-variety machinery production conditions. The production processes functional models in the form of hierarchical structure and context diagrams, which formalize the sequence of technical equipment choice, are developed. The tool management system design begins with the analysis of its requirements and the construction of static structure diagrams—class diagrams. The authors consider the development of the rational selection and cutting tool control subsystem as an example of object-oriented programming task. The scientific research relevance of this topic has been substantiated and suitable monographs, articles, and regulations have been analyzed. The presented models make it possible to qualitatively evaluate the parameters of the developed or studied tool management system from various sides. In addition to the qualitative evaluation, a quantitative assessment of the information processing efficiency in the analyzed subsystems is being developed.

Ilya S. Darevsky co-described 70 taxa (three genera, 46 species, 21 subspecies) in 44 publications belonging to five orders, eight families of amphibians and reptiles during his career in herpetology. Of this number, three taxa are fossil and 57 taxa are currently considered as valid. By the regions where new taxa were discovered Southeast Asia and Western Asia (includes Caucasus and Asia Minor) dominates. The largest number of descriptions was published in the Russian Journal of Herpetology.

A complete catalogue is provided for the type specimens of amphibians and reptiles collected by Nikolay A. Zarudny and stored mostly in the herpetological collection of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia (ZISP), as of August 2018. The collection contains 270 type specimens, representing 51 taxa (species and/or subspecies) of one family of turtles, one amphisbaenia family, five lizard families and four snake families from 74 type localities. As a result of studying Zarudny’s collections, mainly from Iran, was the description by A. M. Nikolsky of two new genera, Microgecko and Diplometopon, and 42 species and subspecies (varieties). Twenty-two of these taxa are regarded currently as valid.

Currants are important berry crops cultivated for medicinal purposes. Most currant cultivars are crossings between Ribes nigrum varieties, while many Ribes species are not used in hybridisation. Recent research on Ribes crossbreeding is scarce. Hybridisation of wild species can improve reproductive success and the taste of fruit. However, hybrids of certain currant species cannot produce fully formed berries. Crossbreeding of currant species was performed in Northwest Russia (Saint Petersburg Botanical Garden). The research included both introduced (R. sachalinense, R. sanguineum, R. rubrum, R. hispidulum, R. mandschuricum, R. spicatum, R. latifolium) and native species (R. aureum, R. alpinum, R. nigrum). The research aimed to identify the hybridisation system, pollination mechanisms and hybrids with the highest percentage of fruit and seed set. Pollen fertility and viability were assessed. Pollen is fertile (acetocarmin staining: 80.3% for R. alpinum and 96.0% for R. mandschuricum); germination is active on nutrient medium and in situ, especially in R. sachalinense, R. aureum and R. spicatum (54.2–41.8%). Pollen germination can be irregular. Flowers were castrated before pollination. Optimal hybrids with a high percentage of fruit set were identified: R. alpinum x R. mandschuricum, R. alpinum x R. aureum, R. sachalinense x R. sanguineum, R. rubrum, R. hispidulum.

The article is concerned with solving of the practical and theoretical issues of usability characteristics assessment of systems of information protection from unauthorized access digital educational environment. A comparative analysis of innovative technologies of usability characteristics assessment used to assess the quality characteristics of software user interfaces is carried out. The considered methods can be applied to assess the functional quality of systems of information protection in terms of ease of use for users of various categories. Apart from that, the security administrator applies special requirements to the systems of information protection interface. A qualitative and quantitative assessment of usability characteristics for this category of users is required in connection with the significant influence exerted by the administrator on the information security processes and the dependence of his work efficiency on the systems of information protection usability characteristics.

For more than a decade there has been growing interest in the use of Coriolis mass flow metering applied to two-phase (gas/liquid) and multiphase (oil/water/gas) conditions. It is well-established that the mass flow and density measurements generated from multiphase flows are subject to large errors, and a variety of physical models and correction techniques have been proposed to explain and/or to compensate for these errors. One difficulty is the absence of a common basis for comparing correction techniques, because different flowtube designs and configurations, as well as liquid and gas properties, may result in quite different error curves. Furthermore, some researchers with interests in the modelling aspects of the field may not have suitable multiphase laboratory facilities to generate their own data sets. This paper offers a small data set that may be used by researchers as a benchmark i.e. a common data set for comparing correction techniques. The data set was collected at the UK National Flow Laboratory TUV-NEL, using air and a viscous oil, and provides experimental points over a wide flow range (8:1 turndown) and with Gas Volume Fraction (GVF) values up to 60%. As a first investigation using the benchmark data set, we consider how data sparsity (i.e. the flow rate and GVF spacing in the experimental grid) affects the accuracy of a correction model. A range of neural network models are evaluated, based on different subsets of the benchmark data set. The data set and some exemplary code are provided with the paper. Additional data sets are available on a web site created to support this initiative.

Reaction of substituted 3-azido 1,4-benzodiazepine with tricyclohexylphosphine is not the Staudinger reaction and unexpectedly results in P-ylide of 1,4-benzodiazepine. This is the first example of organic azides exhibiting the pseudo halide properties in the reactions of trivalent phosphorus compounds.

A complete catalogue is provided for the type specimens of anguid, dibamid, scincid and varanid lizards in the herpetological collection of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia (ZISP), as of January 2017. The collection contains a total of 170 type specimens, representing 50 taxa in the four lizard families under consideration. Thirty-one of these taxa are regarded currently as valid. The types of four taxa (one holotype, one lectotype and two paralectotypes) could not be located in the ZISP collections in January 2017. A majority of the types are skinks (43 taxa, 155 types), many of which were described by the late Ilya Darevsky (1924–2009).

Diphenylphosphinite, 1,4-benzodiazepine 3-O-derivative, was converted into the corresponding imides by the Staudinger reaction with azides of diphenylphosphinic, diphenylthiophosphinic, and diphenylphosphoric acids. The imide derived from azide of diphenylthiophosphinic acid undergoes the isomerization into the corresponding thiol when heated in the presence of catalytic amounts of a substituted 3-chloro-1,4-benzodiazepine.

It is demonstrated that phosphorotropic migration occurs in the C 3 N C 5 triad of 1,4-benzodiazepines, which is accompanied by the isomerization of Ph 2 P O C 3 to Ph 2 P(O) C 5 .

New N-methylmorpholinium and triethylammonium salts of 2,4-dinitrophenylcyanoacetic acid were obtained. Their electronic and spatial structure was studied by IR, NMR spectroscopy (including two-dimensional correlation spectra HMQC and HMBC), as well as by XRD analysis.

We consider the statement and certain solution approaches to the problem of optimal structural design for a multi-center polymerization process.

The reaction of diphenylphosphorylacetonitrile with bis(dimethylamino)methane gave 2,4-bis(diphenylphosphoryl)glutaronitrile. Its rac form was obtained by the synthesis followed by crystallization. However, the reaction of the latter with bases or acids in solution yielded the meso diastereomer.

Reactions of dimethyl malonate, diphenyl malonate, methyl cyanoacetate, and malononitrile with 1-chloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene or 1-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene in the presence of triethylamine in organic solvents gave stable brightly colored crystalline triethylammonium salts of the corresponding 2,4,6-trinitrophenylmalonic acid derivatives.

This paper is a review of the specific taxonomy of the lizard genus Phrynocephalus Kaup, 1825. From 1771 to 2002, 140 species were either described as members of this genus, or of other genera but subsequently reffered to this genus. We have tried to review all the available information on the taxonomic status of these 140 names and the status of their name-bearing types. As a result of this review, 114 types are known to be extant, including 22 lectotypes and 5 neotypes designated in the present paper. As a conclusion of this preliminary analysis, we provisionally distribute these 140 names in 37 valid species names in the genus Phrynocephalus, 102 invalid synonyms of the latter names, and 1 nominal species now referred to another genus. The new subgenus Oreosaura subgen. nov. is described to accomodate viviparous species from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

We report here a new and efficient synthesis of substituted indolines via reaction of dimethyl 2,4-dinitrophenyl-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)malonates with bis(dimethylamino)methane.

This status report presents details on the project to search for serendipitous time-correlated optical photographic observations of γ-ray bursters. The ongoing photographic observations at nine observatories are used to look for plates which have been exposed simultaneously with a γ-ray burst detected by BATSE and contain the burst position. The results for the third year of BATSE operation are presented.

Spin-dependent recombination (SDR) has been studied in forward biased p–n-junction of disordered Si under constant magnetic field scanned from 0 to 8 Oe. The spin-dependent signal is considered within the Kaplan–Solomon–Mott mechanism of SDR through paired paramagnetic centers. The SDR has been registered as a conductivity modulation induced by electromagnetic wave for various frequencies (from 1.5 to 7 MHz). The resonant value of the constant field for this range is comparable with the half width of the resonance. There is, thus, a nonzero SDR value at zero constant field. This value is attributed not only to a local field but also to the contribution of the alternating magnetic field. The zero field SDR—electromagnetic frequency dependencies are nonmonotonous with a drop at the short wave edge. Theoretical analysis of the alternating magnetic field contribution into the zero field signal has been made.

In perfusion of the cat hemodynamically isolated kidney with a constant blood flow volume, responses of venous vessels to noradrenaline did not depend on the venous outflow pressure level and only involved a diminishing of the blood filling which distinguishes kidneys from other organs. The renal veins' capacity decreased in response to noradrenaline practically completely disappears in high values of the venous outflow pressure. The renal capillary filtration coefficient was shown to equal 0.21 +/- 0.11, whereas the effect of changes in renal vein's pressure on implementation of the microvessels' exchange function in determined by the shifts of capillary hydrostatic pressure.

The action of prostatilen on contractile activity of smooth muscles of isolated line slices of urine bladder of Wistar rats (myography) and arterial vessels of cat kidneys (resistography) was studied. On the basis of clinical cases effectiveness of prostatilen was analysed as a treatment restorting urine bladder function in acute reflex urinary retention after operations in the area of rectal sphincter, as well as in treatment of patients with chronic prostatitis. It is shown, that prostatilen produces contractile action on smooth muscles of renal blood vessels in cats and urine bladder walls in rats and it raises contractile activity of smooth muscles of human urine bladder. The results of experimental and clinical investigations make it possible to recommend the application of this bioregulating preparation for treatment and prophylaxis of disturbances in urination.

Prostatilene enhanced the functional activity of the bladder and blood vessels' smooth muscle cells. A possibility of activation of the smooth muscle cells contractility with prostatilene by a pharmaco-mechanical association, is discussed.

We report on the on-going project to search for serendipitous time-correlated optical photographic observations of γ-ray bursts (GRBs). The regular photography at 12 observatories is used to look for plates which have been exposed simultaneously with a GRB detected by BATSE and contain its position. The results of this search for GRBs detected during the previous 4 yrs of BATSE operation are presented.