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Epidermal nevi are hamartomas of ectodermal origin. Epidermal nevus syndromes are defined as the presence of an epidermal nevus with the involvement of other organ systems. Epidermal nevi are a manifestation of cutaneous mosaicism. Mosaicism may result from postzygotic somatic mutations. Epidermal nevi are usually located along the Blaschkos lines. There are organoid (sebaceous nevus, comedonic nevus, eccrine nevus) and non-organoid epidermal nevus (keratinocytic epidermal nevus, inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus). Epidermal nevi can be combined with extracutaneous malformations: skeletal anomalies, neurological changes, eye defects, and then it can be related with epidermal nevus syndrome. The presence in a child of large epidermal nevi and nevi located on the face and scalp requires a multidisciplinary approach involving a pediatrician, neurologist, ophthalmologist and geneticist. Currently, several well-defined epidermal nevus syndromes characterized by organoid and non-organoid (keratocytic) nevi have been described: Schimmelpennings syndrome, phakomatosis pigmentosa, Beckers nevus syndrome, comedonal nevus syndrome, angora hairy nevus syndrome, Proteus syndrome, and CHILD syndrome (congenital hemidisplasia with ichthiosiform nevus and limb defects). Thus, follow-up of patients with epidermal nevus syndromes should be individualized and include a thorough history, clinical examination, and, if necessary, genetic testing. Typically, children with small, isolated epidermal nevus do not require further evaluation.

The problem of studying the national historical experience of fire safety management is actualized. The current state of public administration in the fire sector and its impact on the level of national security is taken into account. The categories «fire safety» and «fire safety management» are used in the connotation of the Federal Law «On Fire Safety» of 1994 as amended in 2022. Insufficient degree of research of this direction of state activity is revealed. The existence of a thousand-year tradition of ensuring fire safety by the forces and means of the population on the principles of voluntary and compulsory participation is substantiated. The content of the centuries–old practice of fire safety management is revealed, the essence of which is the publication of regulatory documents containing requirements for compliance with fire-fighting measures by the population, sanctions against violators and the use of voluntary fire brigades in fighting fires. The features of governance at different stages of the formation and development of our state are revealed: during the existence of the Slavic principalities, in the Moscow state and in the Russian Empire. Inconsistency of management decisions of the state in professionalization of fire protection in the XIX century is revealed.

The tendency to the strengthening of Nazism in the countries of the "collective West" is outlined, again bringing the world to the border of the global military confrontation. The relevance of generalization and dissemination of the existing experience of preparing the population to ensure fire safety in wartime is substantiated. Express analysis of publications on the research topic was carried out. The article reveals the activities of the state to solve this problem based on the experience of the civil War by creating and developing a system of Local air defense in the twenties and thirties of the XX century, carried out in two main directions: the creation of paramilitary units and army-type units and public formations as well. The legal foundations of the organizational structure of the Local air defense O and the basics of fire protection are shown: blackout of buildings and structures, preventive work, participation of the population together with fire brigades in the elimination of the consequences of fires. The positive and shortcomings in this activity were revealed, as well as the efforts of the state to eliminate shortcomings in the fire-fighting training of the population. Innovations in the organization of the fire service on the basis of the Combat Charter of the fire department, adopted in 1940 and the Charter of the internal fire service, are disclosed. The experience of self-defense groups is summarized on the example of besieged Leningrad.

The labour conditions, actual alimentation and biochemical indicators of the health state of workers repairing railway tracks are studied. The revealed peculiarities of the alimentary status are the basis for developing the hygienic recommendations on alimentation optimization, their health improvement.

A method for localizing bands of vertical component of the cutting force in time spectrum during metal turning has been established. The method for determining the source of spectral components is based on the windowed Fourier transform. The powers of the spectral components of vibration signals at different cutting speeds in especially sensitive frequency ranges are compared.

A methodology for the controlled synthesis of multifunctional coatings of valve metals by the method of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) was developed. It includes theoretical models describing the mechanism of oxide layers’ formation and the effect of technological parameters of the MAO process on them, and the methods of controlled synthesis. The latter allows us to carry out an automated selection of the optimal technological parameters of oxidation based on the obtained regression equations for the experimental dependences of the oxide layers’ properties on dissimilar influencing factors for the sake of required coating properties. We further propose the structure of an intelligent system for the synthesis and study of MAO coatings with a unique hardware. In particular, a pulsed technological current source provides a full range of regulation of the current pulses’ parameters; a measurement module combines measuring transducers of the parameters of the technological process and the electrophysical characteristics of oxide layers in the process of their obtainment with a guaranteed accuracy. The software contains an intelligent application that implements the proposed theoretical models and methods for obtaining coatings with the required properties. Information support contains databases and knowledge bases used in the operation of intelligent application. The results achieved in this work allow to increase the efficiency of MAO processing by reducing the time for selecting the optimal technological mode at least twice, which is a prerequisite for the development of an intelligent technology for the formation of oxide layers by the MAO method.

The spatial genetic structure is a topical issue in the studies of various aspects of ecology and evolution. Using the multilocus autocorrelation method with hypervariable microsatellite genetic markers, we investigated a fine-scale pattern of genetic structure in 5 local populations of the common shrew Sorex araneus separated by distances of 300-1000 m (the Moscow chromosomal race). Spatial genetic autocorrelation analysis based on 5 microsatellite loci (expected heterozygosity0.79) with 90 alleles revealed a consistent pattern of significant positive genetic structure. By testing the autocorrelation at multiple scales from 25 to 500 m, we found that positive spatial genetic structure is detectable in distance classes of500 m. The weaker spatial genetic structure positively correlated with a higher ratio of nonresident individuals to residents' activity (number of captures). In contrast to nonresident animals, the residents demonstrated prominent genetic structure. Genetic difference (F

Peculiarities of natural conditions of the territory of Ukraine have historically determined mainly the agricultural use of its lands, the indirect consequence of which was the formation of agro-landscapes as a specific form of spatial realization of anthropogenic activity. The study of agrolandscapes, a comprehensive assessment of their condition and development trends, development and implementation of adequate land management solutions are a key task to avoid degradation, especially arable land. In the context of the above, the shortcomings of modern proposals and indicators for assessing the state of agricultural landscapes and their land management are considered and identified. Concerns about the recommendations of domestic scientists and practitioners to transform about 12 million hectares of arable land into other lands are justified. The motivation for this decision was the idea of excessive plowing of the territory of Ukraine, although world experience provides positive evidence of successful agriculture, even under such conditions. Allegations of insufficient study of the problem of land management formation of sustainable agrolandscapes are given. It is proposed to use the term "sustainable" for the agro-landscape, the state of which corresponds to the ecological and social-industrial conditions of land use. Systematic analysis of the structural components (lands) of the agro-landscape revealed the significant role of their interaction in creating and maintaining a microclimate favorable for crop production in adverse natural conditions. The legitimacy and expediency and practical efficiency of using the spatial-functional method of land management formation of the stability of agro-landscapes are substantiated.

Peculiarities in the computation of cutting modes and power parameter choice during flange ring surface lapping on flat-bed smooth finish machines for joining pipeline equipment to pipes or manufacturing equipment are shown. There are defined qualitative indices of surfaces worked in above-mentioned parts requiring a high degree of sealing.

We consider a realization of a representation of the $$ \mathfrak{sp} _4$$ Lie algebra in the space of functions on a Lie group $$Sp_4$$ . We find a function corresponding to a Gelfand–Tsetlin-type basis vector for $$ \mathfrak{sp} _4$$ constructed by Zhelobenko. This function is expressed in terms of an $$A$$ -hypergeometric function. Developing a new technique for working with such functions, we analytically find formulas for the action of the algebra generators in this basis (previously unknown formulas). These formulas turn out to be more complicated than the formulas for the action of generators in the Gelfand–Tsetlin-type basis constructed by Molev.

Body weight of common shrews was monitored for five years in free-living animals under mark-recapture technique. In young shrews of their first summer of life, the weight in June was significantly less at the first registration. Body weight of young shrews increased from June to August and dropped to the minimum in November. After wintering, body mass in males jumped following sexual maturation. No other variation in body weight related to sexual activity was found in males. Young females which reproduced in their first summer revealed significant increasing of body mass during reproductive activity. The maximum weight of a pregnant young female was 17.7 g, close to the maximum weight of the pregnant overwintered animal—18.7. The end of gestation in both young and overwintered females is marked by sharp and sustainable diminishing of weight. The weight of lactating young females is greater than that of immature females. When young females were not reproductively active, no signs of former reproductive activity were observed. However, in the years with notable participation of young females in reproduction, body weight of individuals without visible signs of sexual activity was significantly greater. Body weight of pregnant overwintered females was greater than that of females with lactation, and the weight of the latter was greater than that of females without signs of reproductive activity. Body weight of adult females in the trapping sessions when reproduction activity was more intensive was greater. We hypothesized that the effect of the first capture resulted from diminishing of body mass when young began feed on their own; hence, the effect could indicate shrews that just weaned. We propose using body weight as an indicator of reproductive activity in a population of the common shrews studied with mark-recapture technique.

On the statistics of ~1.7 × 108 interactions of positively charged kaons on copper nuclei, coherent events of the K+π0 system production are selected. The cross sections for the Coulomb and coherent strong components and their interference in the region of the K*(892) meson are measured. The partial width for the decay K*(892) → K+γ is determined. When studying the mass spectrum of the K+π0 system, an effect which can be interpreted as the interference of the chiral anomaly and the K*(892) s-channel amplitudes is found. This gives an estimate for the ratio of the observed amplitude of the chiral anomaly to the theoretical one: Aexp/Ath = 0.9 ± 0.24(stat.) ± 0.3(syst.).

The structure and seasonal variability of temperature frontal zones and fronts in the Black Sea are studied on the basis of a modern high-resolution satellite data set. The distributions of the total temperature gradient allow us to distinguish the following frontal zones: the western frontal zone; the Turkish coastal frontal zone; the Anatolian upwelling frontal zone; the southeastern coastal frontal zone; northeastern, Crimea, and Kerch-Feodosia frontal zones; and the frontal zone of the deep part of the Black Sea. Large-scale fronts are identified within most frontal zones based on an analysis of distributions of meridional and zonal temperature gradients. It is shown that the combined effect of large-scale processes (seasonal warming and cooling of waters and their advection by the Rim Current) and regional factors (river discharge, coastline configuration, shelf width, development of upwelling, and formation of coastal eddies) produces significant spatiotemporal variability of the temperature field and, hence, frontal zones and fronts. It is ascertained that most fronts exist for several months. In the northern part of the sea, the fronts intensify mainly in winter due to an increase in the contrasts between warm Rim Current waters and colder coastal waters. The frontal zones near the southern coast of the sea intensify mainly in late spring–summer during the spring flood, the development of Anatolian upwelling, and active warming of waters in the eastern part of the sea.

Wastewater neutralization process of enterprises producing phosphorus-containing mineral fertilizers with the recycle of sludge to the head of the process as a promising resource-saving technology is considered. The prospects of the technology are to decrease the volume of sludge stored at the landfill and to reduce the content of phosphorus and fluorine in it. The influence of the recycling coefficient on the emerging sludge is analyzed.

Status of the issue. The development of the theory of strategic culture began more than seven decades ago. To date, the theory has evolved from the theoretical justification of the behavioral styles of elites representing institutions and security services, to the development of models for the use of national strategic cultures as an important tool for political struggle at the global and regional levels. It should be noted that Russian political science is significantly lagging behind foreign science in the theoretical understanding of the problem and in the development of effective models for countering the Anglo-Saxon strategic culture, which has an openly aggressive Russophobic content. Results. In the course of political analysis of the evolution of the theory of strategic culture, four stages of its development and their features were identified. At the first stage-the 40-60s of the XX century, the main content was the study of national styles in strategic planning in the field of national security, caused by a military clash during the World War II. Stereotyping of the initial grounds and a certain ethnocentrism as the main features of the stage, were subjected to reasonable criticism and stimulated the further development of theoretical provisions of the problem. At the second stage – the 70-90s of the XX century researchers developed a methodology for structural and functional analysis, institutionalism and modeling of competitive relations between regional actors. This was caused by the advent of the era of nuclear deterrence. The third stage of the wave of research on strategic culture is formed at the turn of the XX and XXI centuries. Theoretical and methodological research is carried out during this period in the framework of a critical rethinking of previous approaches and the formation of a trend towards neorealism. On the basis of comparative analysis, distinctions and justifications of different types of strategic culture and corresponding strategic thinking, as well as the behavior of actors, were identified. At the present stage of theory evolution, the main attention of researchers is focused on the dynamics of changing strategic culture under the influence of threats and risks of globalization and specific events, identifying competing narratives within countries themselves, searching for effective models for changing existing national strategic cultures in the interests of the dominant regional strategic cultures – Anglo-Saxon, European, Asian (Chinese). The effectiveness of applying the results of Western research programs in political practice is proved by the process of reformatting, for example, the Ukrainian strategic culture with an anti-Russian trend. Application. Political science – in order to continue the debate on strategic culture, the further development of the theory in the light of modern conditions of the clash of strategic cultures on a global level, and also political practice of compromise to minimize the challenges, risks and threats in international relations at the regional and global levels. Conclusions. Further development of the theory of strategic culture is actualized by the sharp aggravation of the confrontation between national and regional strategic cultures in different geopolitical strategic regions of the planet. This confrontation is caused by two main factors: the presence and strengthening of a number of national strategic cultures and the desire to dominate individual national and regional strategic cultures. In the context of using national strategic cultures as an important tool of political struggle, the development of models for interaction of strategic cultures based on compromise can help to minimize risks in international relations. The level of modern theoretical understanding of the problem does not correspond to the complexity of tasks to ensure national, regional and global security.

Variability of five microsatellite loci was studied in the common shrew S. araneus belonging to the Moscow chromosomal race. Three local samples (n = 39) from the sites situated at a minimum distance from each other (350–700 m) were examined. The studied samples were characterized by high allelic diversity along with considerable genetic differentiation of the population. Pairwise comparisons revealed statistically significant difference between the samples, with the highest genetic differences observed at a minimum geographic distance. To explain the causes of the population genetic heterogeneity, analysis of the population demographic patterns at the sampling sites and neighboring areas was carried out. The data obtained were consistent with the models of Altukhov’s population system.

The initial stage of implementation of modern innovative approach identified in strategic documents and in the formulation of new mechanism of development of territories on the basis of investment areas, taking into account characteristics, specialization of subjects of the Russian Federation on the principles and mechanisms of market economy is revealed.

Purpose of research is to increase productivity when cutting hard-to-work steels by integrated use of chip breaking tool geometry and cutting modes, which reduce the viscous properties of the chips and the processed material. The article discusses the problems of mechanical processing of parts of oil production equipment at enterprises in Western Siberia. It is presented the main condition for ensuring chip crushing and revealed the problem of low efficiency of existing methods in modern industry, to one degree or another guiding, curling and chip-cutting method.Methods. Simulation modeling, calculation of chip direction and crushing were performed; effective methods for solving the problem of chip crushing during the machining of parts made of materials with corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant properties were identified; laboratory, persistent tests of the complex method were carried out.Results of studying the mechanism of chip formation during processing by cutting heat-resistant and corrosionresistant alloys are given here. To solve the problem, we have formulated two tasks that were solved using information taken from the theory of material resistance, tensile diagrams when testing samples of corrosionresistant, heat-resistant materials with high operational properties. A chip breaking exchangeable insert with a variable rake angle is designed and presented. The results and analysis of laboratory test data, in which a plate with chip breaking geometry of the front surface is used, are presented, the operating conditions of effective chip breaking are shown. The conclusions on the solution of the first problem are formulated, it is shown that the determining factor in chip breaking is the physical and mechanical characteristics of the processed material, which vary with different cutting conditions.Conclusion. The work shows that chip removal from the cutting zone prevents it from entering the cutting edge area, reducing impact loads on it and improving the quality of machining. It is possible to form stress concentrators in the chips, leading to chip self-destruction even when processing viscous heat-resistant alloys. The hypothesis is used that the temperature conditions for the maximum workability of heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant steels and alloys correspond to the conditions of high-temperature embrittlement, with the help of which it is possible to create conditions for effective chip crushing and conditions for maximum workability when cutting heat-resistant steels and alloys.

Today, when machining domestic-made worm milling cutter according to GOST 9324-80, a problem arises in their durability at the roughing stage. Russian tool companies engaged in the manufacture of metal cutting tools do not currently offer prefabricated worm tools with cutting elements made of hard alloy tools for machining large-modular gears.Purpose of research. Creation of prefabricated structures for machine-building enterprises with replaceable cutting carbide plates (RCHAP). Due to this, the productivity of equipment already available at the enterprise is increased several times, the economic efficiency of introducing high-quality metal-cutting tools makes it possible to purchase modern equipment and make the work of machine operators at machine-building enterprises more efficient and less time-consuming. In this paper, we propose a fundamentally new technical solution, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of machining gears with a metal-cutting tool, with the arrangement of replaceable carbide cutting plates in the prefabricated initial contour of the manufacturing rail in worm milling cutters.Methods. The research method is the use of graphic simulation, which allows you to determine the size of the crosssectional area of the cut layer for the cutting elements of the worm tool.Results. Improving the processing efficiency will be achieved by implementing a group cutting scheme in a prefabricated worm milling cutter by using a larger number of main and side carbide cutting inserts on an Archimedean tool worm, which allow sequentially cutting the machining allowance and reducing the feed rate to the cutting insert, to ensure milling uniformity throughout the processing stage, and also reduce the magnitude of shock loads on cutting carbide elements of a precast tool.Conclusion. The use of replaceable carbide plates in a group cutting scheme increases the durability and reliability of a precast worm cutter.

The article offers an analysis of the organization of total Russophobia, as the main direction of the geopolitical information confrontation between the West and Russia. It is shown that at all levels and stages of design and impact: the general strategy – strategy – tactics – method, the West implements a system of myths. Particular emphasis in the analysis is placed on destructive Russophobic myths. Attention is drawn to the main pillars of sovereignty and information resistance.

The process of formation and the main elements of the security architecture of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation , global, regional and national levels are revealed. The structure, place and role of the Russian unified system of emergency prevention and response and the integrated security system of the EMERCOM of Russia are shown.

On the basis of the equivalent electrical circuit proposed by the authors, a mathematical model of the formation of protective coatings by the micro-arc oxidation method has been developed, which allows modeling the forming curve at the anodizing stage. Expressions are derived for the surface porosity of the anodic oxide film and the minimum electron current flowing through the pores during the film breakdown. The conditions for the appearance of vapor-gas bubbles are considered. Using the Kolmogorov–Johnson–Mehl– Avrami equation, the possibility of calculating the fraction of formed crystalline aluminum oxide as a result of a phase transition is shown. The research results can be used to develop a generalized mathematical model of the micro-arc oxidation process.

The thermohaline structure of water in the Antarctic coastal areas adjoining Molodezhnaya, Novolazarevskaya, and Bellingshausen stations is analyzed using many-hour soundings carried out in March–April 2019 during the 64th Russian Antarctic Expedition on the Akademik Fedorov research vessel. Water masses typical of the Antarctic zone (Antarctic surface, Antarctic shelf, Antarctic winter, upper circumpolar deep water, Bransfield Strait surface water) are identified, and the features of their temporal variability are described. It is shown that intradaily and interdaily variations in water temperature and salinity were observed during the measurement period. The changes in the water structure in the area of Molodezhnaya, Novolazarevskaya, and Bellingshausen stations occurred under changes in synoptic atmospheric conditions, and their frequency was close to that of tidal processes.

The spectrophotometric method is widely used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of substances, in the study of the structure and composition of various compounds. The article solved the actual problem of spectrophotometers measuring process automating. The structure of the spectrophotometer control unit based on the Arduino Uno hardware platform has been proposed, a stepper motor driver scheme, providing replacement of the manual rotation system of the spectrophotometer diffraction grating to a system using modern stepper motors has been developed. It made it possible to increase the measurement efficiency by reducing the measurement time and improving the metrological characteristics of the spectrophotometer (the limiting absolute error in setting the wavelength is reduced from ± 0.5 nm to ± 0.3 nm).

A realization of representations of the Lie algebra $\mathfrak{o}_5$ in the space of functions on a group $Spin_5\simeq Sp_4$ is considered. In a representation we take a Gelfand-Tsetlin type base associated with a restriction $\mathfrak{o}_5\downarrow\mathfrak{o}_3$. Such a base is useful is problems appearing in quantum mechanics. We construct explicitely functions on the group that correspond to base vectors. As in the cases of Lie algebras $\mathfrak{gl}_3$, $\mathfrak{sp}_4$ these functions can be expressed through $A$-hypergeometric functions (this does not hold for algebras of these series in higher dimentions). Using this realization formulas for the action of generators are obtained., Comment: 24 pages

Dynamics of changes in fluorine atoms distribution through grown anodic oxide layer thickness and the effective surface charge on InAs crystals under such layers has been studied. Anodic oxidation was performed in alkaline electrolyte with fluorochemical additive component in galvanostatic mode at anode current densities 0.05 or 0.5 mA·cm−2. The layers thickness in boundes 32—51 nm varied by electrodes final voltage setting in range 15—25 V. The layer thickness and refractive index was measured by ellipsometric method, and distribution of fluorine atoms through thickness — by photoelectron−spectroscopy method, combined with ion etching. At the same time, based on grown layers there were produced MIS structures, and from calculation of theirs capacitance−voltage characteristics are determined effective surface charge and surface states density, corresponding to different layer thicknesses.Main results are reduced to the facts during layers growing despite of anodizing current density comes their sealing, the profile of fluorine atoms distribution shifts towards InAs, positive effective surface charge gradually decreases from 3.6 · 1011 to 2.0 · 1011 cm−2 at surface states density in (6—7) · 1011 eV·cm−2 range for all cases. Based on comparison of these data and theoretical concepts of MIS structure charge construction, there was made a conclusion about gradual built−in charge distancing from the border with InAs in the process of growing anodic oxide layer, which explains observed effective surface charge decrease during layer thickness increasing. This results indicates that the layer growth rate exceeds the built−in charge displacement rate towards InAs.

Transparent conductive coatings based on thin films of metal oxides are widely used in various optoelectronic devices and appliances. The article is devoted to the study of the morphological, structural, electrical and optical properties of transparent conductive oxide. Tin dioxide thin films are obtained by spray pyrolysis technique on glass substrates. Analysis of the structural properties showed that SnO2 has a tetragonal crystal structure. Analysis of the morphological properties showed that the grain size of the films increases at a deposition temperature from 450 to 550 ℃. Dependencies of the transmittance coefficient of samples obtained on the solutions volume and transmittance coefficient of samples obtained on the doping levels have become the result of studying the optical properties of transparent conductive oxide. The transmittance is almost independent on the amount of substance sprayed onto the substrate. However, the transmittance is greatly influenced by the chemical composition of the films. The main electrical parameter affecting the TCO quality is conductivity or surface resistance. Surface resistance is measured by probe methods, the most accurate of which is the Van der Pauw method. Surface resistance consistently decreases with increasing solution volume, precursor concentration and impurity concentration.

Large-scale temperature fronts (polar, Spitsbergen, Arctic, and coastal) are revealed in the Barents Sea based on the data of NOAA OI SST reanalysis which contains the monthly mean values of sea surface temperature. The features of the climatic interannual cycle of their characteristics are identified.

The dynamics of fluorine atoms distribution over the thickness of the grown anodic oxide layers and the effective surface charge on InAs crystals under these layers are investigated. Anodic oxidation is performed in an alkaline electrolyte to which a fluorochemical component in the galvanostatic mode is added at the anode current densities of 0.05 and 0.5 mA cm–2. The layer’s thickness changes by 32–51 nm by setting a final voltage of 15 to 25 V on the electrodes during the growth. The layer’s thickness and refractive index are measured by an ellipsometric technique and the distribution of the thickness of fluorine atoms is measured by photoelectron spectroscopy combined with ion etching. Simultaneously, MIS structures are fabricated from the grown layers and their capacitance–voltage characteristics are calculated to determine the effective surface charge and density of the surface states at different layer thicknesses. The main results of the investigations are that, with regardless of anodic current, density the grown layers are compacted, the fluorine atoms distribution profile shifts toward InAs, and the positive effective surface charge gradually decreases from 3.6 × 1011 to 2.0 × 1011 cm–2 at densities of the surface states of (6–7) × 1011 eV–1 cm–2 in all cases. It is concluded based on comparison of the obtained data with the theoretical concepts on the charge structure of MIS structures that the built-in charge is gradually removed from the interface with InAs during the anodic oxide layer’s growth, which explains the observed decrease in the effective surface charge when the layer’s thickness increases. This result indicates, that the layer’s growth rate is faster than rate of the built-in layer charge shifting toward InAs.