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Five samples of the dry extract from the aerial part of Scutellaria adenostegia L. were obtained under various extraction conditions. Their antihypoxic activity was studied. Adry extract containing 46.0% polysaccharides and 5.8% flavonoids at a dose of 100 mg/kg showed high antihypoxic activity. A flow chart for obtaining the dry extract with antihypoxic activity from the aerial part of S. adenostegia in a final product yield of 17.0% of the raw-material mass was developed. Total flavonoids recalculated as norwogonin were quantitatively determined using a spectrophotometric method. Double aqueous extraction with forced circulation of the extractant was recommended based on studies of the influence of the extraction method on the yield and chemical composition of the dry extract from the aerial part of S. adenostegia.

The optimal parameters influencing the extraction of the sum of terpenoid alcohol esters from the aerial part of Ferula tschimganica and purification of the obtained extract were found and made it possible to produce a final substance without green coloration. The technology for producing the sum of terpenoid alcohol esters from the aerial part of F. tschimganica was developed. Aspectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of the sum of terpenoid alcohol esters in chimphestrol substance (working name of the created agent) was proposed. Pharmacological studies found that terpenoid alcohol esters from the aerial part of F. tschimganica at a dose of 1 mg/kg exhibited a pronounced estrogenic effect in experiments on both immature and ovariectomized rats that was comparable to that of tefestrol and slightly inferior to that of the synthetic estrogenic drug Synestrol.

Ecdisten waste-recycling processes were studied for rational use of the rhizomes with roots of Rhaponticum carthamoides. Separation of flavonoids from ecdysteroids over polyamide at 25:1 and 30:1 ratios of sorbent layer height to column diameter and a 1:8 ratio of material to sorbent were proposed. It was found that the crude product should be recrystallized from 70% EtOH at a product:solvent ratio of 1:30 and the aqueous EtOH solution of total flavonoids should be condensed to one third of the initial volume followed by storage in a crystallizer for at least 8 h to obtain substance containing at least 95% total flavonoids from the crude product. A complex processing technology for rhizomes with roots of R. carthamoides that could produce substance of the adaptogen ecdisten, substance of a hypoazotemic drug based on total flavonoids, and lipid concentrate for use in cosmetology was developed. A spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination at 353 ± 2 nm of total flavonoids recalculated as luteolin was proposed.

It was established that roots of Ammothamnus lehmannii should be extracted with EtOH (90%) at room temperature at least five times for effective extraction of total flavonoids from them. At least five extractions with BuOH of the bottom residue of the A. lehmannii extract were necessary for almost complete extraction of total flavonoids from it. Conditions for isolation of flavonoids were determined and included dissolution of the crude product in alkaline solution (3%) followed by acidification to pH 5.0 – 7.0. A technological scheme for isolation of a drug composition consisting of total flavonoids from A. lehmannii roots was developed. Aspectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of the resulting total flavonoids was proposed. Total flavonoids isolated from A. lehmannii roots had a pronounced anthelmintic effect with anticestodal activity exceeding that of the pure flavonoid ammothamnidine and could be recommended as a potential effective antiparasitic drug.

The possibility of isolating total esters (ferulen) from Ferula tenuisecta roots has been studied. Optimum conditions for extraction of ferulen are established. The results are used to develop a processing scheme for ferulen isolation. Quantitative determination methods for ferulen are proposed.

The optimal regime of cinaroside extraction from the aerial part of Ferula varia has been found. Aprocessing scheme for obtaining cinaroside has been developed on the basis of these data. Two samples of cinaroside (obtained by the laboratory and semi-industrial methods) are comparable to the well-known medicinal preparation lespenephryl with respect to hypoazotemic action. This fact indicates that Ferula varia is a valuable source of cinaroside. A technology has been developed for producing a new medicinal form of cinaroside in 0.05 g tablets.

The technological isolation of turkesterone from the epigeal part ofAjuga turkestanica (Rgl.) Brig. is described, a method is proposed for the quantitative determination of turkesterone, and the results of an investigation of its biological activity are given.

The optimal regime for extraction of the total flavonoid fraction from the roots of Pseudosophora alopecuroides has been found and the corresponding technological scheme for the isolation of flavonoids from this medicinal plant has been developed. Acomparative pharmacological investigation showed that both the total flavonoid extract obtained using a semicommercial apparatus according to the proposed technology and a laboratory preparation are comparable in activity with the well-known drug tanacechol based on common tansy flowers. This result shows that Pseudosophora alopecuroides offers an important source of biologically active flavonoids possessing hepatoprotector and biligenic activity. The annular natural resource of roots of this medicinal plant has been evaluated. The qualitative composition of the flavonoids and their total content in various extracts have been compared.

The optimum solvent has been selected for the extraction of the total esters (TEs) from the roots ofFerula tenuisecta. The kinetics of the extraction of the TEs from the raw material have been studied and conditions for the chromatographic purification of the preparation have been determined. The optimum conditions for the separation of the TEs have been found by the method of mathematical planning of experimentation.

This review, generalizing information up to 1993, is devoted to the chemistry and spectral properties of natural carotane compounds.

In this review, literature information on the structures of phytoecdysteroids, their distribution in plants, and their biological activities is generalized.

A method for determining tefestrol inFerula tenuisectaroots, based on its TLC separation from accompanying substances and spectrophotometric determination, was proposed

Phytoecdysteroids: ecdysterone and turkesterone, introduced orally to male rats with the body mass 180-120 g in a dose of 5 mg/l kg of mass and nerobol in a dose of 10 mg per 1 kg of the mass for 15 days against a background of the developed alloxan diabetes cause a considerable decrease in the content of free fatty acids of the blood serum, sharply increased after the subcutaneous injection of alloxan to the animals (150 mg per 1 kg of the mass). The content of glycogen, malonic dialdehyde, pyruvic acid and calcium transporting function of the liver mitochondria are also normalized. These changes are closely interrelated (and may be mutually conditioned) with the preparation-induced reduction of phospholipid spectrum of the liver mitochondrial membranes pathologically changed owing to insulin insufficiency. In this case phytoecdysteroids in the first turn normalize the fractions of phospholipids which play the structural role in the mitochondrial membranes, and nerobol normalizes the level of minor and monoacylic phospholipids.

A new ecdysteroid — carthamosterone A — has been isolated from the seeds ofRhaponticum carthamoides. Its structure has been established from the results of spectral investigations.

Substances of iridoid nature identified as harpagide and 8-O-acetylharpigide have been isolated from the herbAjuga turkestanica. A procedure for the quantitative chromatographic determination of iridoids in the raw material has been developed.

A spectrophotometric method has been developed for the quantitative separate determination of the total flavonones and isoflavones when they are present together in an extract ofThermopsis alterniflora.

The kinetics of the extraction of ecdysterone from the roots with rhizomes ofRhaponticum carthamoides has been studied. The results of investigations on the selection of the optimum solvent for extracting ecdysterone from the raw material, for the process of sorption purification, and for the recrystallization of the ecdysterone are given.

A method for monitoring the production of ecdysterone from the roots ofRhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) and the inflorescences ofRh. integrifolium C. Winkl. is given.

A method has been developed for isolating ecdysterone from the inflorescences ofRh. integrifolium. The yield is 0.15% on the weight of the raw material.

The solubility of ecdysterone in individual solvents and mixtures has been studied. A method has been developed for isolating ecdysterone from the roots ofRhaponticum carthamoides. Extraction from the raw material was carried out with methanol. The catty oils and tanning and resinous substances were eliminated from the concentrated and water-diluted extract by treatment with chloroform. The combined ecdysteroids were extracted from the purified aqueous solution with chloroform-isopropanol (1:1). They were freed from pigments by chromatography on alumina (Brockmann activity grade II) with elution by methanol-chloroform (1:2). The product was recrystallized from methanol-ethyl acetate (1:9), giving 0.05% (on the weight of the raw material) of ecdysterone.