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2. Abstracts of the 33rd International Austrian Winter Symposium

Author

K. Binzel, A. Adelaja, C. L. Wright, D. Scharre, J. Zhang, M. V. Knopp, E. J. Teoh, D. Bottomley, A. Scarsbrook, H. Payne, A. Afaq, J. Bomanji, N. van As, S. Chua, P. Hoskin, A. Chambers, G. J. Cook, V. S. Warbey, A. Chau, P. Ward, M. P. Miller, D. J. Stevens, L. Wilson, F. V. Gleeson, K. Scheidhauer, C. Seidl, M. Autenrieth, F. Bruchertseifer, C. Apostolidis, F. Kurtz, T. Horn, C. Pfob, M. Schwaiger, J. Gschwend, C. D’Alessandria, A. Morgenstern, C. Uprimny, A. Kroiss, C. Decristoforo, E. von Guggenberg, B. Nilica, W. Horninger, I. Virgolini, S. Rasul, N. Poetsch, A. Woehrer, M. Preusser, M. Mitterhauser, W. Wadsak, G. Widhalm, M. Mischkulnig, M. Hacker, T. Traub-Weidinger, E. J. Wuthrick, E. D. Miller, P. Maniawski, Sebastijan Rep, Marko Hocevar, Janja Vaupotic, Urban Zdesar, Katja Zaletel, Luka Lezaic, S. Mairinger, Thomas Filip, M. Sauberer, S. Flunkert, T. Wanek, J. Stanek, N. Okamura, O. Langer, C. Kuntner, M. C. Fornito, R. Balzano, V. Di Martino, S. Cacciaguerra, G. Russo, D. Seifert, M. Kleinova, A. Cepa, J. Ralis, P. Hanc, O. Lebeda, M. Mosa, S. Vandenberghe, E. Mikhaylova, D. Borys, V. Viswanath, M. Stockhoff, N. Efthimiou, P. Caribe, R. Van Holen, J. S. Karp, P. M. Haller, C. Farhan, E. Piackova, B. Jäger, P. Knoll, A. Kiss, B. K. Podesser, J. Wojta, K. Huber, S. Mirzaei, A. Traxl, K. Komposch, Elisabeth Glitzner, M. Sibilia, M. Russello, S. Sorko, H. J. Gallowitsch, S. Kohlfuerst, S. Matschnig, M. Rieser, M. Sorschag, P. Lind, L. Ležaič, S. Rep, J. Žibert, N. Frelih, S. Šuštar, R. P. Baum, T. Langbein, A. Singh, M. Shahinfar, C. Schuchardt, G. F. Volk, H. R. Kulkarni, G. V. Di Martino, W. H. Thomson, M. Kudlacek, M. Karik, H. Rieger, W. Pokieser, K. Glaser, V. Petz, C. Tugendsam, W. Buchinger, B. Schmoll-Hauer, I. P. Schenk, K. Rudolph, M. Krebs, G. Zettinig, V. Zoufal, M. Krohn, T. Filip, J. Pahnke, F. Weitzer, B. Pernthaler, S. Salamon, R. Aigner, P. Koranda, L. Henzlová, M. Kamínek, Mo. Váchalová, P. Bachleda, D. Summer, J. Garousi, M. Oroujeni, B. Mitran, K. G. Andersson, A. Vorobyeva, J.n Löfblom, A. Orlova, V. Tolmachev, P. Kaeopookum, T. Orasch, B. Lechner, M. Petrik, Z. Novy, C. Rangger, and H. Haas

Subjects
Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920
Published
2018
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3. The role of atmospheric rivers in the distribution of heavy precipitation events over North America

Author

S. M. Vallejo-Bernal, F. Wolf, N. Boers, D. Traxl, N. Marwan, and J. Kurths

Subjects
Technology, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066, Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are filaments of extensive water vapor transport in the lower troposphere that play a crucial role in the distribution of freshwater but can also cause natural and economic damage by facilitating heavy precipitation. Here, we investigate the large-scale spatiotemporal synchronization patterns of heavy precipitation events (HPEs) over the western coast and the continental regions of North America (NA), during the period from 1979 to 2018. In particular, we use event synchronization and a complex network approach incorporating varying delays to examine the temporal evolution of spatial patterns of HPEs in the aftermath of land-falling ARs. For that, we employ the SIO-R1 catalog of ARs that landfall on the western coast of NA, ranked in terms of intensity and persistence on an AR-strength scale which varies from level AR1 to AR5, along with daily precipitation estimates from ERA5 with a 0.25∘ spatial resolution. Our analysis reveals a cascade of synchronized HPEs, triggered by ARs of level AR3 or higher. On the first 3 d after an AR makes landfall, HPEs mostly occur and synchronize along the western coast of NA. In the subsequent days, moisture can be transported to central and eastern Canada and cause synchronized but delayed HPEs there. Furthermore, we confirm the robustness of our findings with an additional AR catalog based on a different AR detection method. Finally, analyzing the anomalies of integrated water vapor transport, geopotential height, upper-level meridional wind, and precipitation, we find atmospheric circulation patterns that are consistent with the spatiotemporal evolution of the synchronized HPEs. Revealing the role of ARs in the precipitation patterns over NA will lead to a better understanding of inland HPEs and the effects that changing climate dynamics will have on precipitation occurrence and consequent impacts in the context of a warming atmosphere.

Published
2023
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10. Deep Graphs - a general framework to represent and analyze heterogeneous complex systems across scales

Author

Traxl, Dominik, Boers, Niklas, and Kurths, Jürgen

Subjects
Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Computer Science - Social and Information Networks, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Physics - Physics and Society
Abstract

Network theory has proven to be a powerful tool in describing and analyzing systems by modelling the relations between their constituent objects. In recent years great progress has been made by augmenting `traditional' network theory. However, existing network representations still lack crucial features in order to serve as a general data analysis tool. These include, most importantly, an explicit association of information with possibly heterogeneous types of objects and relations, and a conclusive representation of the properties of groups of nodes as well as the interactions between such groups on different scales. In this paper, we introduce a collection of definitions resulting in a framework that, on the one hand, entails and unifies existing network representations (e.g., network of networks, multilayer networks), and on the other hand, generalizes and extends them by incorporating the above features. To implement these features, we first specify the nodes and edges of a finite graph as sets of properties. Second, the mathematical concept of partition lattices is transferred to network theory in order to demonstrate how partitioning the node and edge set of a graph into supernodes and superedges allows to aggregate, compute and allocate information on and between arbitrary groups of nodes. The derived partition lattice of a graph, which we denote by deep graph, constitutes a concise, yet comprehensive representation that enables the expression and analysis of heterogeneous properties, relations and interactions on all scales of a complex system in a self-contained manner. Furthermore, to be able to utilize existing network-based methods and models, we derive different representations of multilayer networks from our framework and demonstrate the advantages of our representation. We exemplify an application of deep graphs using a real world dataset of precipitation measurements., Comment: 27 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables. For associated Python software package, see https://github.com/deepgraph/deepgraph/ . Due to length limitations the abstract appearing here is shorter than that in the PDF file. To be published in "Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science"

Published
2016
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14. Pore space of steatite ceramics triggered by the allowance of natural fibers: High-resolution X-ray microscopy analysis and related thermo-mechanical properties

Author

Lukas Perfler, Lukas Peyker, Martin Hörtnagl, Nikolaus Weinberger, Christian Pichler, Roland Traxl, and Roman Lackner

Subjects
Steatite ceramics, X-ray microscopy, Pore space analysis, Spectroscopic characterization, Phase analysis, Thermal properties, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract

A large number (greater than 150) of porous steatite ceramic rods were prepared using different types of renewable plant fiber products as pore-forming agent with mass contents ranging from 2 to 10%. In addition, dense steatite ceramics were synthesized for comparison within a gas furnace at sintering temperatures between 1300 and 1350 °C. High-resolution 3D X-ray microscopy facilitated a non-destructive, direct investigation of the three-dimensional pore space and microstructure. By using image-based pore space analysis, various pore space parameters, such as, e.g., pore volume, pore-size distribution, and pore connectivity were determined. In addition to the characterization of the pore space, phase analysis, structural and chemical investigations were carried out by X-ray powder diffraction, electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, Raman and X-ray spectroscopy. Finally, to evaluate the influence of characteristics on the physical properties, elastic, strength and thermal properties were determined. With the increase of porosity, the flexural strength and thermal conductivity values decrease from σf = 123 ± 8 to 37 ± 5 MPa and λ = 3.22 ± 0.02 to 1.77 ± 0.02 W/(m·K), respectively. The obtained experimental results were discussed by means of micromechanical models, highlighting the effect of pore-space morphologies on the physical performance of porous steatite ceramics.

Published
2022
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18. Thematic assessment on Hazardous Submerged Objects in the Baltic Sea - Warfare Materials in the Baltic Sea

Author

Frey, Torsten, Czub, Michal, Beldowski, Jacek, Meski, Laura, Achterberg, Eric, Andresen, Christian, Beck, Aaron, Brenner, Matthias, Böttcher, Claus, Cumming, Adam, Kammann, Ulrike, Kampmeier, Mareike, Koschinski, Sven, Koske, Daniel, Köser, Kevin, Lang, Thomas, Lastumäki, Anu, Lehtonen, Kari, Lundgreen, Kim, Lindgren, Frederik, Joanna, Łyjak, Martinaviciute, Jorune, Maser, Edmund, Missiaen, Tine, Mätik, Marit, Müller, Paul, Niemikoski, Hannah, Scharsack, Jörn, Straumer, Katharina, Strehse, Jennifer, Traxl, Josef, Wichert, Uwe, HELCOM EG, Submerged, Frey, Torsten, Czub, Michal, Beldowski, Jacek, Meski, Laura, Achterberg, Eric, Andresen, Christian, Beck, Aaron, Brenner, Matthias, Böttcher, Claus, Cumming, Adam, Kammann, Ulrike, Kampmeier, Mareike, Koschinski, Sven, Koske, Daniel, Köser, Kevin, Lang, Thomas, Lastumäki, Anu, Lehtonen, Kari, Lundgreen, Kim, Lindgren, Frederik, Joanna, Łyjak, Martinaviciute, Jorune, Maser, Edmund, Missiaen, Tine, Mätik, Marit, Müller, Paul, Niemikoski, Hannah, Scharsack, Jörn, Straumer, Katharina, Strehse, Jennifer, Traxl, Josef, Wichert, Uwe, and HELCOM EG, Submerged

Abstract

Contemporary society’s perception of past wars is almost exclusively driven by historic sources such as film recordings, photographs and written documents that are presented in mass media. However, the legacy of these wars is still present throughout European soil and waters, including the Baltic Sea. The marine waters of every Baltic Sea state contain warfare materials. Resulting risks may be direct and short-term. Fishermen, divers, offshore wind farm constructors and beachgoers can potentially be exposed to their remains while performing their daily work or while collecting objects in the surf. Other potential effects might be indirect and long-term such as the accumulation of carcinogenic toxic substances and their metabolites in the marine food web. Since 1974 Contracting Parties of the Helsinki Convention are seeking to address the increasing environmental challenges from human activities and that were having a severe impact on the marine environment. This includes the protection of the Baltic Sea from all sources of pollution, and thus munitions in the Baltic Sea are addressed by HELCOM since 1993. The convention commits the signatories to take measures to conserve habitats and biological diversity and for the sustainable use of marine resources. In addition, warfare materials potentially constitute a hazard and an obstacle for the utilization of the sea floor for economic purposes. The global ocean economy is predicted to double in size by 2030, as compared to 2010 (OECD 2016). In the Blue Growth Strategy laid out by the European Commission the economic potential for the extended economic usage of the oceans was recognized and focus was placed on five blue growth sectors. Two of these sectors (ocean energy and seabed mining) require the ability to safely access large areas of the sea floor (European Commission 2017). In order to exploit the economic potential of the ocean energy and seabed resources sectors, the detection and removal of warfare materials in

Published
2024

19. Thematic assessment on Hazardous Submerged Objects in the Baltic Sea (Submerged Assessment - Warfare Materials in the Baltic Sea)

Author

Frey, Torsten, Czub, Michal, Beldowski, Jacek, Meski, Laura, Achterberg, Eric P., Andresen, Christian, Beck, Aaron, Brenner, Matthias, Böttcher, Claus, Cumming, Adam, Kammann, Ulrike, Kampmeier, Mareike, Koschinski, Sven, Koske, Daniel, Köser, Kevin, Lang, Thomas, Lastumäki, Anu, Lehtonen, Kari, Lundgreen, Kim, Lindgren, Frederik, Lyjak, Joanna, Martinaviciute, Jorune, Maser, Edmund, Missiaen, Tine, Mätik, Marit, Müller, Paul, Niemikoski, Hannah, Scharsack, Jörn Peter, Straumer, Katharina, Strehse, Jennifer, Traxl, Josef, Wichert, Uwe, Frey, Torsten, Czub, Michal, Beldowski, Jacek, Meski, Laura, Achterberg, Eric P., Andresen, Christian, Beck, Aaron, Brenner, Matthias, Böttcher, Claus, Cumming, Adam, Kammann, Ulrike, Kampmeier, Mareike, Koschinski, Sven, Koske, Daniel, Köser, Kevin, Lang, Thomas, Lastumäki, Anu, Lehtonen, Kari, Lundgreen, Kim, Lindgren, Frederik, Lyjak, Joanna, Martinaviciute, Jorune, Maser, Edmund, Missiaen, Tine, Mätik, Marit, Müller, Paul, Niemikoski, Hannah, Scharsack, Jörn Peter, Straumer, Katharina, Strehse, Jennifer, Traxl, Josef, and Wichert, Uwe

Published
2024

22. Improved repeatability of DSC characterization of TPU by means of supportive use of heat-transfer agents

Author

Stefan Oberparleiter, Seraphin Hubert Unterberger, Lukas Perfler, Roland Traxl, and Roman Lackner

Subjects
DSC, TPU, Heat transfer agent, Artefacts, Polymers and polymer manufacture, TP1080-1185
Abstract

The characterization of materials by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) may contain measurement artefacts originating from the undefined contact area between the material sample and the pan surface. Especially in cases where low thermal conducting materials are investigated, this contact area strongly determines the heat transfer towards the material sample and, thus, the obtained results. As a remedy, the supportive use of heat-transfer agents (HTA) in DSC characterization is proposed in this paper. The beneficial effect of HTA is demonstrated for thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) with its original DSC data showing significant variation of measurement data, most notably in the temperature range where softening of the material occurs. In the course of an experimental study, covering a temperature range from −40 °C to 270 °C, TPU specimens are analysed with and without HTA considering different heating rates, showing an improved reproducibility of DSC results by the supportive use of HTA, especially in case of higher heating rates.

Published
2022
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26. Pedagogical Differences and Similarities between Male and Female Educators, and Their Impact on Boys' and Girls' Behaviour in Early Childhood Education and Care Institutions in Austria

Author

Huber, Johannes and Traxl, Bernd

Abstract

Greater public and scholarly awareness of the educational influence of males (men and fathers) on child development has generated a parallel need for empirical research into the gender-related structure and dynamics of relationships between girls/boys and female/male educators in early childhood education institutions. The Austrian W-INN pilot study, carried out between 2010 and 2012, used a cross-sectional mixed-methods design (video-based observation and questionnaires) to research possible pedagogical differences and similarities between male and female educators, and their impact on boys' and girls' behaviour in early childhood education institutions. Ten Austrian Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) groups were recruited: 5 female-only and 5 mixed-gender teams of educators, 30 children (15 boys, 15 girls) aged 4-6. Analysis of data on educational dimensions reveal male and female educators hardly differ (the exception, men are significantly more permissive). Mixed-gender teams produce significantly greater social mobility among children than do female-only teams. Analysing children's behaviour towards educators, clear gender specific effects can be found across various levels of inquiry: girls react less obviously to an educator's gender; boys, especially, are drawn significantly more frequently to a man in the ECEC team. Implications for pedagogical professionalism as well as limitations of the results are discussed. [This article was translated by Richard N. Myers.]

Published
2018
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36. Einfluss der brandinduzierten Abnahme der Steifigkeit von Elastomerlagern auf die Struktursicherheit von Brückentragwerken/Influence of fire-induced stiffness reduction of elastomeric bearings on the structural safety of bridge structures

Author

Roland Traxl, Matthias Zeiml, Marcus Maier, Dieter Pichler, Hannes Kari, and Roman Lackner

Subjects
Building and Construction, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

Eine Brandeinwirkung auf ungeschützte Elastomer-Brückenlager bewirkt eine thermische Zersetzung des Elastomers und damit einhergehend eine Änderung des mechanischen Verhaltens des gesamten Lagers. Die Abnahme der effektiven Steifigkeit des Lagers führt zu Setzungen mit möglichen Auswirkungen auf das gesamte statische System, welche im Rahmen dieses Beitrags beispielhaft anhand eines bestehenden Brückenbauwerkes mittels neuerer Modellierungsansätze untersucht und diskutiert werden. Hierfür wird zunächst die thermo-chemo-mechanische Modellierung von Elastomerlagern unter Brandeinwirkung erläutert. Mittels numerischer (Finite Elemente) Simulationen kann damit der zeitliche Verlauf der Degradation eines Lagers in Abhängigkeit der Eingangsparameter (thermische Beanspruchung und Lagergeometrie) bestimmt werden. Die damit ermittelte Abnahme der Lagersteifigkeit findet in einem Berechnungsmodell zur Analyse eines Dreifeld-Brückentragwerkes Eingang. Auf diesem Wege wird die zeitliche Entwicklung der Schnittgrößen aufgezeigt und einhergehende Risiken bezüglich der Tragsicherheit der Brücke werden bewertet.

Published
2023
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37. Assessing the Functional Redundancy between P-gp and BCRP in Controlling the Brain Distribution and Biliary Excretion of Dual Substrates with PET Imaging in Mice

Author

Irene Hernández-Lozano, Severin Mairinger, Alexander Traxl, Michael Sauberer, Thomas Filip, Johann Stanek, Claudia Kuntner, Thomas Wanek, and Oliver Langer

Subjects
P-glycoprotein, breast cancer resistance protein, functional redundancy, liver, brain, PET imaging, Pharmacy and materia medica, RS1-441
Abstract

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) are co-localized at the blood–brain barrier, where they display functional redundancy to restrict the brain distribution of dual P-gp/BCRP substrate drugs. We used positron emission tomography (PET) with the metabolically stable P-gp/BCRP substrates [11C]tariquidar, [11C]erlotinib, and [11C]elacridar to assess whether a similar functional redundancy as at the BBB exists in the liver, where both transporters mediate the biliary excretion of drugs. Wild-type, Abcb1a/b(−/−), Abcg2(−/−), and Abcb1a/b(−/−)Abcg2(−/−) mice underwent dynamic whole-body PET scans after i.v. injection of either [11C]tariquidar, [11C]erlotinib, or [11C]elacridar. Brain uptake of all three radiotracers was markedly higher in Abcb1a/b(−/−)Abcg2(−/−) mice than in wild-type mice, while only moderately changed in Abcb1a/b(−/−) and Abcg2(−/−) mice. The transfer of radioactivity from liver to excreted bile was significantly lower in Abcb1a/b(−/−)Abcg2(−/−) mice and almost unchanged in Abcb1a/b(−/−) and Abcg2(−/−) mice (with the exception of [11C]erlotinib, for which biliary excretion was also significantly reduced in Abcg2(−/−) mice). Our data provide evidence for redundancy between P-gp and BCRP in controlling both the brain distribution and biliary excretion of dual P-gp/BCRP substrates and highlight the utility of PET as an upcoming tool to assess the effect of transporters on drug disposition at a whole-body level.

Published
2021
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40. Synthesis and preclinical characterization of 1-(6′-deoxy-6′-[18F]fluoro-β-d-allofuranosyl)-2-nitroimidazole (β-6′-[18F]FAZAL) as a positron emission tomography radiotracer to assess tumor hypoxia

Author

Wanek, Thomas, Kreis, Katharina, Križková, Petra, Schweifer, Anna, Denk, Christoph, Stanek, Johann, Mairinger, Severin, Filip, Thomas, Sauberer, Michael, Edelhofer, Patricia, Traxl, Alexander, Muchitsch, Viktoria E., Mereiter, Kurt, Hammerschmidt, Friedrich, Cass, Carol E., Damaraju, Vijaya L., Langer, Oliver, and Kuntner, Claudia

Published
2016
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41. The role of atmospheric rivers in the distribution of heavy precipitation events over North America

Author

Vallejo-Bernal, Sara M., Wolf, Frederik, Boers, Niklas, Traxl, Dominik, Marwan, Norbert, and Kurths, Jürgen

Abstract

Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are filaments of extensive water vapor transport in the lower troposphere that play a crucial role in the distribution of freshwater but can also cause natural and economic damage by facilitating heavy precipitation. Here, we investigate the large-scale spatiotemporal synchronization patterns of heavy precipitation events (HPEs) over the western coast and the continental regions of North America (NA), during the period from 1979 to 2018. In particular, we use event synchronization and a complex network approach incorporating varying delays to examine the temporal evolution of spatial patterns of HPEs in the aftermath of land-falling ARs. For that, we employ the SIO-R1 catalog of ARs that landfall on the western coast of NA, ranked in terms of intensity and persistence on an AR-strength scale which varies from level AR1 to AR5, along with daily precipitation estimates from ERA5 with a 0.25∘ spatial resolution. Our analysis reveals a cascade of synchronized HPEs, triggered by ARs of level AR3 or higher. On the first 3 d after an AR makes landfall, HPEs mostly occur and synchronize along the western coast of NA. In the subsequent days, moisture can be transported to central and eastern Canada and cause synchronized but delayed HPEs there. Furthermore, we confirm the robustness of our findings with an additional AR catalog based on a different AR detection method. Finally, analyzing the anomalies of integrated water vapor transport, geopotential height, upper-level meridional wind, and precipitation, we find atmospheric circulation patterns that are consistent with the spatiotemporal evolution of the synchronized HPEs. Revealing the role of ARs in the precipitation patterns over NA will lead to a better understanding of inland HPEs and the effects that changing climate dynamics will have on precipitation occurrence and consequent impacts in the context of a warming atmosphere.

Published
2023

42. Porous Talcum-Based Steatite Ceramics Fabricated by the Admixture of Organic Particles: Experimental Characterization and Effective Medium/Field Modeling of Thermo-Mechanical Properties

Author

Lackner, Christian Pichler, Lukas Perfler, Roland Traxl, and Roman

Subjects
steatite ceramics, Young’s modulus, bending strength, thermal conductivity, porosity, modeling
Abstract

In this paper, an experimental campaign, as regards the thermo-mechanical properties (heat capacity, thermal conductivity, Young’s modulus, and tensile (bending) strength) of talcum-based steatite ceramics with artificially introduced porosity, is presented. The latter has been created by adding various amounts of an organic pore-forming agent, almond shell granulate, prior to compaction and sintering of the green bodies. The so-obtained porosity-dependent material parameters have been represented by homogenization schemes from effective medium/effective field theory. As regards the latter, thermal conductivity and elastic properties are well described by the self-consistent estimate, with effective material properties scaling in a linear manner with porosity, with the latter in the range of 1.5 vol-%, representing the intrinsic porosity of the ceramic material, to 30 vol-% in this study. On the other hand, strength properties are, due to the localization of the failure mechanism in the quasi-brittle material, characterized by a higher-order power-law dependency on porosity.

Published
2023
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43. 32nd International Austrian Winter Symposium: Zell am See, the Netherlands. 20-23 January 2016

Author

Langsteger, W, Rezaee, A, Loidl, W, Geinitz, HS, Fitz, F, Steinmair, M, Broinger, G, Pallwien-Prettner, L, Beheshti, M, Imamovic, L, Beheshti, M, Rendl, G, Hackl, D, Tsybrovsky, O, Steinmair, M, Emmanuel, K, Moinfar, F, Pirich, C, Langsteger, W, Bytyqi, A, Karanikas, G, Mayerhöfer, M, Koperek, O, Niederle, B, Hartenbach, M, Beyer, T, Herrmann, K, Czernin, J, Rausch, I, Rust, P, DiFranco, MD, Lassen, M, Stadlbauer, A, Mayerhöfer, ME, Hartenbach, M, Hacker, M, Beyer, T, Binzel, K, Magnussen, R, Wei, W, Knopp, MU, Flanigan, DC, Kaeding, C, Knopp, MV, Leisser, A, Nejabat, M, Hartenbach, M, Kramer, G, Krainer, M, Hacker, M, Haug, A, Lehnert, Wencke, Schmidt, Karl, Kimiaei, Sharok, Bronzel, Marcus, Kluge, Andreas, Wright, CL, Binzel, K, Zhang, J, Wuthrick, Evan, Maniawski, Piotr, Knopp, MV, Blaickner, M, Rados, E, Huber, A, Dulovits, M, Kulkarni, H, Wiessalla, S, Schuchardt, C, Baum, RP, Knäusl, B, Georg, D, Bauer, M, Wulkersdorfer, B, Wadsak, W, Philippe, C, Haslacher, H, Zeitlinger, M, Langer, O, Bauer, M, Feldmann, M, Karch, R, Wadsak, W, Zeitlinger, M, Koepp, MJ, Asselin, M-C, Pataraia, E, Langer, O, Zeilinger, M, Philippe, C, Dumanic, M, Pichler, F, Pilz, J, Hacker, M, Wadsak, W, Mitterhauser, M, Nics, L, Steiner, B, Hacker, M, Mitterhauser, M, Wadsak, W, Traxl, A, Wanek, Thomas, Kryeziu, Kushtrim, Mairinger, Severin, Stanek, Johann, Berger, Walter, Kuntner, Claudia, Langer, Oliver, Mairinger, S, Wanek, T, Traxl, A, Krohn, M, Stanek, J, Filip, T, Sauberer, M, Kuntner, C, Pahnke, J, Langer, O, Svatunek, D, Denk, C, Wilkovitsch, M, Wanek, T, Filip, T, Kuntner-Hannes, C, Fröhlich, J, Mikula, H, Denk, C, Svatunek, D, Wanek, T, Mairinger, S, Stanek, J, Filip, T, Fröhlich, J, Mikula, H, Kuntner-Hannes, C, Balber, T, Singer, J, Fazekas, J, Rami-Mark, C, Berroterán-Infante, N, Jensen-Jarolim, E, Wadsak, W, Hacker, M, Viernstein, H, Mitterhauser, M, Denk, C, Svatunek, D, Sohr, B, Mikula, H, Fröhlich, J, Wanek, T, Kuntner-Hannes, C, Filip, T, Pfaff, S, Philippe, C, Mitterhauser, M, Hartenbach, M, Hacker, M, Wadsak, W, Wanek, T, Halilbasic, E, Visentin, M, Mairinger, S, Stieger, B, Kuntner, C, Trauner, M, Langer, O, Lam, P, Aistleitner, M, Eichinger, R, Artner, C, Eidherr, H, Vraka, C, Haug, A, Mitterhauser, M, Nics, L, Hartenbach, M, Hacker, M, Wadsak, W, Kvaternik, H, Müller, R, Hausberger, D, Zink, C, Aigner, RM, Cossío, U, Asensio, M, Montes, A, Akhtar, S, te Welscher, Y, van Nostrum, R, Gómez-Vallejo, V, Llop, J, VandeVyver, F, Barclay, T, Lippens, N, Troch, M, Hehenwarter, L, Egger, B, Holzmannhofer, J, Rodrigues-Radischat, M, Pirich, C, Pötsch, N, Rausch, I, Wilhelm, D, Weber, M, Furtner, J, Karanikas, G, Wöhrer, A, Mitterhauser, M, Hacker, M, Traub-Weidinger, T, Cassou-Mounat, T, Balogova, S, Nataf, V, Calzada, M, Huchet, V, Kerrou, K, Devaux, J-Y, Mohty, M, Garderet, L, Talbot, J-N, Stanzel, S, Pregartner, G, Schwarz, T, Bjelic-Radisic, V, Liegl-Atzwanger, B, Aigner, R, Stanzel, S, Quehenberger, F, Aigner, RM, Marković, A Koljević, Janković, Milica, Jerković, V Miler, Paskaš, M, Pupić, G, Džodić, R, Popović, D, Fornito, MC, Familiari, D, Koranda, P, Polzerová, H, Metelková, I, Henzlová, L, Formánek, R, Buriánková, E, Kamínek, M, Thomson, WH, Lewis, C, Thomson, WH, O’Brien, J, James, G, Notghi, A, Huber, H, Stelzmüller, I, Wunn, R, Mandl, M, Fellner, F, Lamprecht, B, Gabriel, M, Fornito, MC, Leonardi, G, Thomson, WH, O’Brien, J, James, G, Hudzietzová, J, Sabol, J, and Fülöp, M

Published
2016
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49. The role of cyclonic activity in tropical temperature-rainfall scaling

Author

Niklas Boers, Dominik Traxl, Aljoscha Rheinwalt, and Bodo Bookhagen

Subjects
Atmospheric dynamics, Multidisciplinary, Science, Global warming, Natural hazards, General Physics and Astronomy, General Chemistry, Atmospheric sciences, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Degree (temperature), Atmosphere, Air temperature, Spatial ecology, Environmental science, Hydrology, Linear correlation, Scaling, Intensity (heat transfer)
Abstract

The attribution of changing intensity of rainfall extremes to global warming is a key challenge of climate research. From a thermodynamic perspective, via the Clausius-Clapeyron relationship, rainfall events are expected to become stronger due to the increased water-holding capacity of a warmer atmosphere. Here, we employ global, 1-hourly temperature and 3-hourly rainfall data to investigate the scaling between temperature and extreme rainfall. Although the Clausius-Clapeyron scaling of +7% rainfall intensity increase per degree warming roughly holds on a global average, we find very heterogeneous spatial patterns. Over tropical oceans, we reveal areas with consistently strong negative scaling (below −40%∘C−1). We show that the negative scaling is due to a robust linear correlation between pre-rainfall cooling of near-surface air temperature and extreme rainfall intensity. We explain this correlation by atmospheric and oceanic dynamics associated with cyclonic activity. Our results emphasize that thermodynamic arguments alone are not enough to attribute changing rainfall extremes to global warming. Circulation dynamics must also be thoroughly considered., Thermodynamically, rainfall events are expected to become stronger in a warming climate. Here, the authors demonstrate the importance of dynamical aspects to the temperature-rainfall scaling by quantifying the influence of cyclonic activity that leads to negative scaling over large parts of the tropical oceans.

Published
2021

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