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Інтелектуальна власність є не менш цінним активом, ніж матеріальна власність, і забезпечення її адекватного захисту має вирішальне значення для стимулювання інновацій і розвитку суспільства. Захист прав інтелектуальної власності має бути важливим предметом занепокоєння серед до­слідників, адже з розвитком технологій, кожного дня виникають нові інноваційні способи їх пору­шення. Ця стаття містить огляд способів захисту прав інтелектуальної власності в України. Висвіт­лено недосконалість національного законодавства щодо охорони прав інтелектуальної власності в порівняні із країнами Європейського Союзу. Зокрема, стаття акцентує увагу на ролі інтелектуальної власності в сучасному цифровому середови­щі. З підвищенням кількості цифрового контенту й онлайн-послуг, зростає ймовірність порушень прав інтелектуальної власності через піратство та нелегальне використання. Розглянуто проблеми та супе­речності, що впливають на зазначену сферу сьогодні, запропоновано ідеї для подальших досліджень. Також у статті розглядаються різні механізми захисту прав інтелектуальної власності, окрім су­дових процесів, включаючи й альтернативні методи захисту: медіація, відшкодування збитків, ком­пенсації тощо. Запропоновано рекомендації щодо поліпшення існуючих норм і процедур з метою забезпечення ефективного захисту правовласників. Загалом, стаття підкреслює важливість забезпечення справедливого й ефективного захисту прав інтелектуальної власності, що сприяє створенню стимулів для інновацій, розвитку технологій і рос­ту економіки. Знання та свідоме ставлення до захисту прав інтелектуальної власності має вели­ке значення для прогресивного розвитку суспільства. Адже захист прав інтелектуальної власності може стимулювати обмін технологій і знань між країнами, організаціями, що сприятиме науковому та технологічному прогресу на глобальному рівні.

Service-learning is a critical component of public health education, especially students of Doctor of Public Health (DrPH), designed for public health professionals. As an evidence-based approach to impactful teaching improving students' learning outcomes, service-learning enables future public health practitioners to engage in the learning and reflective practices developing skills needed to be leaders of social change within their communities. E-service learning has been gaining popularity among faculty and students. This study describes a grant writing course for DrPH students of various concentrations delivered online. We draw attention to the growing need to incorporate service-learning into the public health curriculum to promote social change, address local health disparities, improve students' learning experiences and outcomes, and stay relevant with the educational landscape.

Variability of surface water masses of the Laptev and the East Siberian seas in August–September 2018 is studied using in situ and satellite data. In situ data were collected during the ARKTIKA-2018 expedition and then complemented with satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST), salinity (SSS), sea surface height, wind speed, and sea ice concentration. The estimation of SSS fields is challenging in high-latitude regions, and the precision of soil moisture and ocean salinity (SMOS) SSS retrieval is improved by applying a threshold on SSS weekly error. For the first time in this region, the validity of DMI (Danish Meteorological Institute) SST and SMOS SSS products is thoroughly studied using ARKTIKA-2018 expedition continuous thermosalinograph measurements and conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) casts. They are found to be adequate to describe large surface gradients in this region. Surface gradients and mixing of the river and the sea water in the ice-free and ice-covered areas are described with a special attention to the marginal ice zone at a synoptic scale. We suggest that the freshwater is pushed northward, close to the marginal ice zone (MIZ) and under the sea ice, which is confirmed by the oxygen isotope analysis. The SST-SSS diagram based on satellite estimates shows the possibility of investigating the surface water mass transformation at a synoptic scale and reveals the presence of river water on the shelf of the East Siberian Sea. The Ekman transport is calculated to better understand the pathway of surface water displacement on the shelf and beyond.

Introduction Vagus nerve stimulation produces therapeutic effects for the treatment of psychiatric disorders, heart failure, and others. Objectives The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of the non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation on emotional burnout. Methods 6 right-handed male volunteers aged 18-22 years participated in study. We used the combination of pleasant meditative classical music and a slow bi-polar wave (0.1-0.2 Hz) of electrical non-invasive transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation for 5 minutes. The set of 4 VNS was performed at intervals of 3 days. EEG was registered during the rest state (3 min, closed eyes condition). To measure the severity of emotional burnout in students, we used the 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Results VNS significantly improve the depersonalization and reduction of personal achievements (components of the emotional burnout). Changes in the psychoemotional state of the respondents were accompanied by the increase in the theta-Fz/alpha-Pz ratio, that reflects an enhancement of the activation level. A set of non-invasive stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve leads to an increase in the level of activation (the ratio of beta / alpha rhythms). The changes in the power of the alpha rhythm may relate to improving of mental process, creativity, creative thinking. An increase in alpha rhythm may reflect internally oriented attention in creative activities. Conclusions The preliminary data suggests that the novel mastoid stimulation device may have a prolonged stimulating effect on the brain processes while attenuating the burnout at the same time. Disclosure No significant relationships.

The method of dynamic programming has been considered, which is used in solving multiple problems in economics, on the example of using Bellman’s optimality principle for solving nonlinear programming problems. On a specific numerical example, the features of the solution have been shown in detail with all the calculations. The problem of optimal distribution of funds among enterprises for the expansion of production has been formulated, which would give the maximum total increase in output. The solution of the task has been presented in the case, when the number of enterprises is 3. It has been shown, that the Bellman optimality principle allows you solve applied problems of cost forecasting with obtaining the optimal solution-maximum profit at minimum costs.

Betraying Big Brother: The Feminist Awakening in China By LETA HONG FINCHER London, New York: Verso, 2018. 248 pp., US$18.32 (hardcover) ISBN 978-1786633644

The radius of gyration, Rg, and the hydrodynamic radius, Rh, are the main experimental parameters that characterize the size of linear and branched macromolecules. In the case of dendrimers in solution, the ratio Rg/Rh, depending on the global conformation, varies from 1 (for a Gaussian soft sphere) to 3 / 5 (for a hard sphere). However, for high-generation dendrimers, this ratio may be less than the limiting value for a hard sphere. To understand the reasons of the low Rg/Rh value (<0.77), we have studied the second-generation peptide dendrimer containing pH-sensitive histidine amino acid residues (Lys-2His dendrimer) using small-angle x-ray (SAXS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiments, as well as molecular dynamics simulations. The Lys-2His dendrimer takes a swollen conformation at pH = 2 and a collapsed 1 at pH = 7. Our results show that the Rg/Rh ratio for the considered dendrimer decreases from ≈ 3 / 5 at pH = 2 to 0.5 at pH = 7. We have found that the very low Rg/Rh value is due to (1) the formation of a dense impenetrable core (i.e., the transformation of the dendrimer from a Gaussian soft sphere into a sphere with a dense core) and (2) the presence of a larger number of solvent molecules in the dendrimer corona than in a typical macromolecule. In addition, in this work, we have directly confirmed in the experiments for the first time, the collapse of the Lys-2His dendrimer with increasing pH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the innovative, cutting age solution within the language testing realm, namely computer adaptive language testing (CALT) in accordance with the NATO Standardization Agreement 6001 (NATO STANAG 6001) requirements for further implementation in foreign language training of personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (AF of Ukraine) in order to increase the quality of foreign language testing. The research provides the CALT method developed according to NATO STANAG 6001 requirements and the CALT algorithm that contains three blocks: "Starting point", "Item selection algorithm", "Scoring algorithm" and "Termination criterion". The CALT algorithm has an adaptive ability, changing a complexity level, sequence and the number of items according to the answers of a test taker. The comparative analysis of the results of the CALT method piloting and the paper-and-pencil testing (PPT) in reading and listening according to the NATO STANAG 6001 requirements justifies the effectiveness of the three-level CALT method. It allows us to determine the following important benefits of CALT: test length reduction, control of measurement accuracy, objective assessment, improved test security, generation of a unique set of items, adaptive ability of the CALT algorithm, high motivation of the test takers, immediate score reporting and test results management. CALT is a qualitative and effective tool to determine test takers' foreign language proficiency level in accordance with NATO STANAG 6001 requirements within the NATO Defence Educational Enhancement Programme. CALT acquires a special value and relevance in the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic.