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1. 2021 Tajogaite eruption records infiltration of crustal fluids within the upper mantle beneath La Palma, Canary Islands

Author: A. Sandoval-Velasquez, F. Casetta, T. Ntaflos, A. Aiuppa, M. Coltorti, M. L. Frezzotti, M. Alonso, E. Padrón, M. Pankhurst, N. M. Pérez, and A. L. Rizzo
Subjects: Canary Islands, La Palma, 2021 Tajogaite eruption, Ocean island volcanism, fluid inclusions, carbon isotopes, Science
Abstract: The 2021 Tajogaite eruption at La Palma has represented a unique opportunity to investigate the characteristics of the mantle source feeding modern volcanism in the Canary Islands. With the aim of track the fingerprint of carbon in the local oceanic lithosphere-asthenosphere system, we report the isotopic composition of CO2 (δ13C values versus Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite) in olivine- and clinopyroxene-hosted fluid inclusions (FI) from the 2021 Tajogaite lavas and from lavas/ultramafic xenoliths (olivine-clinopyroxenites, clinopyroxenites, dunites and harzburgites) from the nearby 1677 San Antonio eruption cone/lavas, in an attempt to characterize the origin and evolution of carbon within the local mantle source. Our results indicate that the 2021 and 1677 lavas exhibit δ13C values ranging from −4.94‰ to −2.71‰ and CO2/3He ratios from 3.37 to 6.14 × 109. Ultramafic xenoliths fall in a comparable range of values despite showing higher CO2 concentrations. Our δ13C values fall within the range of carbon isotope results previously reported for the Dos Aguas cold spring located in the Taburiente Caldera (northern La Palma), suggesting an apparent carbon isotope homogeneity at the scale of the entire island. The (relatively narrow) δ13C vs. CO2/3He ratio range of La Palma samples is interpreted to reflect either i) variable extents of open-system degassing of a common mantle endmember having δ13C of ∼1.7‰, or ii) mixing between depleted mantle-like carbon (−6‰ < δ13C < −4‰) and crustal carbon (δ13C = 0‰) endmembers. Both models testify a crustal carbon component recycled in the local mantle. This component, also detected in mantle xenoliths from the neighboring island of El Hierro and the easternmost Lanzarote, indicates a regional characteristic of the mantle beneath the Canary Islands, interpreted as a result of infiltration of carbon-rich melts during past metasomatic events in the local mantle.
Published: 2024
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2. Performance of the HAWC Observatory and TeV Gamma-Ray Measurements of the Crab Nebula with Improved Extensive Air Shower Reconstruction Algorithms

Author: A. Albert, R. Alfaro, C. Alvarez, A. Andrés, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, D. Avila Rojas, H. A. Ayala Solares, R. Babu, E. Belmont-Moreno, A. Bernal, K. S. Caballero-Mora, T. Capistrán, A. Carramiñana, F. Carreón, S. Casanova, U. Cotti, J. Cotzomi, S. Coutiño de León, E. De la Fuente, C. de León, D. Depaoli, N. Di Lalla, R. Díaz Hernández, B. L. Dingus, M. A. DuVernois, K. Engel, T. Ergin, C. Espinoza, K. L. Fan, K. Fang, N. Fraija, S. Fraija, J. A. García-González, F. Garfias, H. Goksu, M. M. González, J. A. Goodman, S. Groetsch, J. P. Harding, S. Hernández-Cadena, I. Herzog, J. Hinton, D. Huang, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, P. Hüntemeyer, A. Iriarte, S. Kaufmann, A. Lara, J. Lee, H. León Vargas, J. T. Linnemann, A. L. Longinotti, G. Luis-Raya, K. Malone, J. Martínez-Castro, J. A. Matthews, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, J. A. Montes, E. Moreno, M. Mostafá, L. Nellen, M. U. Nisa, R. Noriega-Papaqui, L. Olivera-Nieto, N. Omodei, M. Osorio-Archila, Y. Pérez Araujo, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, C. D. Rho, D. Rosa-González, E. Ruiz-Velasco, H. Salazar, D. Salazar-Gallegos, A. Sandoval, M. Schneider, G. Schwefer, J. Serna-Franco, A. J. Smith, Y. Son, R. W. Springer, O. Tibolla, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, R. Torres-Escobedo, R. Turner, F. Ureña-Mena, E. Varela, X. Wang, I. J. Watson, K. Whitaker, E. Willox, H. Wu, S. Yu, S. Yun-Cárcamo, H. Zhou, and HAWC Collaboration
Subjects: High energy astrophysics, Gamma-rays, Gamma-ray detectors, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: The High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Gamma-Ray Observatory, located on the side of the Sierra Negra volcano in Mexico, has been fully operational since 2015. The HAWC collaboration has recently significantly improved their extensive air shower reconstruction algorithms, which has notably advanced the observatory performance. The energy resolution for primary gamma rays with energies below 1 TeV was improved by including a noise-suppression algorithm. Corrections have also been made to systematic errors in direction fitting related to the detector and shower plane inclinations, ${ \mathcal O }(0\buildrel{\circ}\over{.} 1)$ biases in highly inclined showers, and enhancements to the core reconstruction. The angular resolution for gamma rays approaching the HAWC array from large zenith angles (>37°) has improved by a factor of 4 at the highest energies (>70 TeV) as compared to previous reconstructions. The inclusion of a lateral distribution function fit to the extensive air shower footprint on the array to separate gamma-ray primaries from cosmic-ray ones based on the resulting χ ^2 values improved the background rejection performance at all inclinations. At large zenith angles, the improvement in significance is a factor of 4 compared to previous HAWC publications. These enhancements have been verified by observing the Crab Nebula, which is an overhead source for the HAWC Observatory. We show that the sensitivity to Crab-like point sources ( E ^−2.63 ) with locations overhead to 30° zenith is comparable to or less than 10% of the Crab Nebula’s flux between 2 and 50 TeV. Thanks to these improvements, HAWC can now detect more sources, including the Galactic center.
Published: 2024
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3. TeV Analysis of a Source-rich Region with the HAWC Observatory: Is HESS J1809-193 a Potential Hadronic PeVatron?

Author: A. Albert, R. Alfaro, C. Alvarez, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, D. Avila Rojas, R. Babu, E. Belmont-Moreno, A. Bernal, M. Breuhaus, K. S. Caballero-Mora, T. Capistrán, A. Carramiñana, S. Casanova, J. Cotzomi, E. De la Fuente, D. Depaoli, N. Di Lalla, R. Diaz Hernandez, B. L. Dingus, M. A. DuVernois, C. Espinoza, K. L. Fan, K. Fang, B. Fick, N. Fraija, J. A. García-González, F. Garfias, A. Gonzalez Muñoz, M. M. González, J. A. Goodman, S. Groetsch, J. P. Harding, S. Hernández-Cadena, I. Herzog, D. Huang, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, P. Hüntemeyer, A. Iriarte, V. Joshi, S. Kaufmann, A. Lara, J. Lee, H. León Vargas, A. L. Longinotti, G. Luis-Raya, K. Malone, J. Martínez-Castro, J. A. Matthews, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, J. A. Montes, J. A. Morales-Soto, E. Moreno, M. Mostafá, L. Nellen, M. Newbold, M. U. Nisa, R. Noriega-Papaqui, M. Osorio, Y. Pérez Araujo, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, C. D. Rho, D. Rosa-González, E. Ruiz-Velasco, H. Salazar, A. Sandoval, M. Schneider, J. Serna-Franco, A. J. Smith, Y. Son, R. W. Springer, O. Tibolla, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, R. Torres-Escobedo, R. Turner, F. Ureña-Mena, E. Varela, X. Wang, I. J. Watson, E. Willox, S. Yun-Cárcamo, H. Zhou, and THE HAWC COLLABORATION
Subjects: Gamma-ray astronomy, Astronomical methods, Gamma-ray sources, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: HESS J1809-193 is an unidentified TeV source, first detected by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) collaboration. The emission originates in a source-rich region that includes several supernova remnants (SNRs) and pulsars including SNR G11.1+0.1, SNR G11.0-0.0, and the young radio pulsar PSR J1809-1917. Originally classified as a pulsar wind nebula candidate, recent studies show the peak of the TeV region overlapping with a system of molecular clouds. This resulted in the revision of the original leptonic scenario to look for alternate hadronic scenarios. Marked as a potential PeVatron candidate, this region has been studied extensively by H.E.S.S. due to its emission extending up to several tens of TeV. In this work, we use 2398 days of data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory to carry out a systematic source search of the HESS J1809-193 region. We were able to resolve emission detected as an extended component (modelled as a symmetric Gaussian with a 1 σ radius of 0.°21) with no clear cutoff at high energies and emitting photons up to 210 TeV. We model the multiwavelength observations for the region around HESS J1809-193 using a time-dependent leptonic model and a lepto-hadronic model. Our model indicates that both scenarios could explain the observed data within the region of HESS J1809-193.
Published: 2024
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4. Exploring the Coronal Magnetic Field with Galactic Cosmic Rays: The Sun Shadow Observed by HAWC

Author: R. Alfaro, C. Alvarez, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, K. P. Arunbabu, D. Avila Rojas, R. Babu, E. Belmont-Moreno, K. S. Caballero-Mora, T. Capistrán, A. Carramiñana, S. Casanova, P. Colín-Farias, U. Cotti, J. Cotzomi, S. Coutiño de León, E. De la Fuente, C. de León, D. Depaoli, R. Diaz Hernandez, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, M. Durocher, M. A. DuVernois, K. Engel, C. Espinoza, K. L. Fan, N. Fraija, J. A. García-González, F. Garfias, A. Gonzalez Muñoz, M. M. González, J. A. Goodman, J. P. Harding, D. Huang, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, A. Iriarte, S. Kaufmann, A. Lara, J. Lee, H. León Vargas, A. L. Longinotti, G. Luis-Raya, K. Malone, O. Martinez, J. Martínez-Castro, J. A. Matthews, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, E. Moreno, M. Mostafá, A. Nayerhoda, L. Nellen, T. Niembro, R. Noriega-Papaqui, N. Omodei, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, C. D. Rho, D. Rosa-González, E. Ruiz-Velasco, J. Ryan, H. Salazar, D. Salazar-Gallegos, A. Sandoval, J. Serna-Franco, A. J. Smith, Y. Son, R. W. Springer, O. Tibolla, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, R. Turner, F. Ureña-Mena, E. Varela, L. Villaseñor, X. Wang, I. J. Watson, E. Willox, S. Yun-Cárcamo, and H. Zhou
Subjects: Active solar corona, Solar magnetic fields, Solar physics, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) are charged particles that reach the heliosphere almost isotropically in a wide energy range. In the inner heliosphere, the GCR flux is modulated by solar activity so that only energetic GCRs reach the lower layers of the solar atmosphere. In this work, we propose that high-energy GCRs can be used to explore the solar magnetic fields at low coronal altitudes. We used GCR data collected by the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov observatory to construct maps of GCR flux coming from the Sun’s sky direction and studied the observed GCR deficit, known as Sun shadow (SS), over a 6 yr period (2016–2021) with a time cadence of 27.3 days. We confirm that the SS is correlated with sunspot number, but we focus on the relationship between the photospheric solar magnetic field measured at different heliolatitudes and the relative GCR deficit at different energies. We found a linear relationship between the relative deficit of GCRs represented by the depth of the SS and the solar magnetic field. This relationship is evident in the observed energy range of 2.5–226 TeV, but is strongest in the range of 12.4 33.4 TeV, which implies that this is the best energy range to study the evolution of magnetic fields in the low solar atmosphere.
Published: 2024
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5. Galactic Gamma-Ray Diffuse Emission at TeV Energies with HAWC Data

Author: R. Alfaro, C. Alvarez, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, K. P. Arunbabu, D. Avila Rojas, R. Babu, V. Baghmanyan, E. Belmont-Moreno, C. Brisbois, K. S. Caballero-Mora, T. Capistrán, A. Carramiñana, S. Casanova, O. Chaparro-Amaro, U. Cotti, J. Cotzomi, S. Coutiño de León, E. De la Fuente, R. Diaz Hernandez, M. A. DuVernois, M. Durocher, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, K. Engel, C. Espinoza, K. L. Fan, N. Fraija, A. Galván-Gámez, J. A. García-González, F. Garfias, M. M. González, J. A. Goodman, S. Hernandez, B. Hona, D. Huang, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, T. B. Humensky, A. Iriarte, V. Joshi, S. Kaufmann, D. Kieda, G. J. Kunde, A. Lara, H. León Vargas, J. T. Linnemann, A. L. Longinotti, G. Luis-Raya, K. Malone, O. Martinez, J. Martínez-Castro, J. A. Matthews, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, E. Moreno, M. Mostafá, A. Nayerhoda, L. Nellen, R. Noriega-Papaqui, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, D. Rosa-González, E. Ruiz-Velasco, H. Salazar, D. Salazar-Gallegos, F. Salesa Greus, A. Sandoval, J. Serna-Franco, A. J. Smith, R. W. Springer, O. Tibolla, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, R. Torres-Escobedo, F. Ureña-Mena, L. Villaseñor, E. Willox, H. Zhou, C. de León, O. Fornieri, D. Gaggero, D. Grasso, A. Marinelli, S. Ventura, and HAWC Collaboration
Subjects: Gamma-ray astronomy, High energy astrophysics, Galactic cosmic rays, Milky Way disk, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: Galactic gamma-ray diffuse emission (GDE) is emitted by cosmic rays (CRs), ultra-relativistic protons, and electrons, interacting with gas and electromagnetic radiation fields in the interstellar medium. Here we present the analysis of teraelectronvolt diffuse emission from a region of the Galactic plane over the range in longitude of l ∈ [43°, 73°], using data collected with the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) detector. Spectral, longitudinal, and latitudinal distributions of the teraelectronvolt diffuse emission are shown. The radiation spectrum is compatible with the spectrum of the emission arising from a CR population with an index similar to that of the observed CRs. When comparing with the DRAGON base model , the HAWC GDE flux is higher by about a factor of 2. Unresolved sources such as pulsar wind nebulae and teraelectronvolt halos could explain the excess emission. Finally, deviations of the Galactic CR flux from the locally measured CR flux may additionally explain the difference between the predicted and measured diffuse fluxes.
Published: 2024
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6. HAWC Detection of a TeV Halo Candidate Surrounding a Radio-quiet Pulsar

Author: A. Albert, R. Alfaro, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, H. A. Ayala Solares, E. Belmont-Moreno, T. Capistrán, A. Carramiñana, S. Casanova, J. Cotzomi, S. Coutiño De León, E. De la Fuente, C. de León, R. Diaz Hernandez, M. A. DuVernois, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, C. Espinoza, K. L. Fan, N. Fraija, K. Fang, J. A. García-González, F. Garfias, A. Jardin-Blicq, M. M. González, J. A. Goodman, J. P. Harding, S. Hernandez, D. Huang, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, P. Hüntemeyer, A. Iriarte, V. Joshi, A. Lara, J. Lee, H. León Vargas, J. T. Linnemann, A. L. Longinotti, G. Luis-Raya, K. Malone, O. Martinez, J. Martínez-Castro, J. A. Matthews, J. A. Morales-Soto, E. Moreno, M. Mostafá, A. Nayerhoda, L. Nellen, M. Newbold, M. U. Nisa, Y. Pérez Araujo, Y. Son, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, C. D. Rho, D. Rosa-González, A. Sandoval, M. Schneider, J. Serna-Franco, A. J. Smith, R. W. Springer, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, R. Torres-Escobedo, X. Wang, K. Whitaker, E. Willox, H. Zhou, and THE HAWC COLLABORATION
Subjects: Pulsars, Gamma-ray astronomy, High energy astrophysics, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: Extended very-high-energy (VHE; 0.1–100 TeV) γ -ray emission has been observed around several middle-aged pulsars and referred to as “TeV halos.” Their formation mechanism remains under debate. It is also unknown whether they are ubiquitous or related to a certain subgroup of pulsars. With 2321 days of observation, the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Gamma-Ray Observatory detected VHE γ -ray emission at the location of the radio-quiet pulsar PSR J0359+5414 with >6 σ significance. By performing likelihood tests with different spectral and spatial models and comparing the TeV spectrum with multiwavelength observations of nearby sources, we show that this excess is consistent with a TeV halo associated with PSR J0359+5414, though future observation of HAWC and multiwavelength follow-ups are needed to confirm this nature. This new halo candidate is located in a noncrowded region in the outer galaxy. It shares similar properties to the other halos but its pulsar is younger and radio-quiet. Our observation implies that TeV halos could commonly exist around pulsars and their formation does not depend on the configuration of the pulsar magnetosphere.
Published: 2023
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7. Diferential graded triangular matrix categories

Author: Miranda, M. Lizbeth Shaid Sandoval, Vargas, Valente Santiago, and Páez, Edgar O. Velasco
Subjects: Mathematics - Representation Theory, Mathematics - Category Theory, Mathematics - Rings and Algebras
Abstract: This paper focuses on defining an analog of differential-graded triangular matrix algebra in the context of differential-graded categories. Given two dg-categories $\mathcal{U}$ and $\mathcal{T}$ and $M \in \text{DgMod}(\mathcal{U} \otimes \mathcal{T}^{\text{op}})$, we construct the differential graded triangular matrix category $\Lambda := \left( \begin{smallmatrix} \mathcal{T} & 0 \\ M & \mathcal{U} \end{smallmatrix} \right)$. Our main result is that there is an equivalence of dg-categories between the dg-comma category $(\text{DgMod}(\mathcal{T}),\text{GDgMod}(\mathcal{U}))$ and the category $\text{DgMod}\left( \left( \begin{smallmatrix} \mathcal{T} & 0 \\ M & \mathcal{U} \end{smallmatrix} \right)\right)$. This result is an extension of a well-known result for Artin algebras (see, for example, [2,III.2].
Published: 2024

8. Integrating Quantum Computing Resources into Scientific HPC Ecosystems

Author: Beck, Thomas, Baroni, Alessandro, Bennink, Ryan, Buchs, Gilles, Perez, Eduardo Antonio Coello, Eisenbach, Markus, da Silva, Rafael Ferreira, Meena, Muralikrishnan Gopalakrishnan, Gottiparthi, Kalyan, Groszkowski, Peter, Humble, Travis S., Landfield, Ryan, Maheshwari, Ketan, Oral, Sarp, Sandoval, Michael A., Shehata, Amir, Suh, In-Saeng, and Zimmer, Christopher
Subjects: Quantum Physics, Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Abstract: Quantum Computing (QC) offers significant potential to enhance scientific discovery in fields such as quantum chemistry, optimization, and artificial intelligence. Yet QC faces challenges due to the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era's inherent external noise issues. This paper discusses the integration of QC as a computational accelerator within classical scientific high-performance computing (HPC) systems. By leveraging a broad spectrum of simulators and hardware technologies, we propose a hardware-agnostic framework for augmenting classical HPC with QC capabilities. Drawing on the HPC expertise of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and the HPC lifecycle management of the Department of Energy (DOE), our approach focuses on the strategic incorporation of QC capabilities and acceleration into existing scientific HPC workflows. This includes detailed analyses, benchmarks, and code optimization driven by the needs of the DOE and ORNL missions. Our comprehensive framework integrates hardware, software, workflows, and user interfaces to foster a synergistic environment for quantum and classical computing research. This paper outlines plans to unlock new computational possibilities, driving forward scientific inquiry and innovation in a wide array of research domains.
Published: 2024
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9. Dynamics of translations on maximal compact subgroups

Author: Patrão, Mauro and Sandoval, Ricardo
Subjects: Mathematics - Dynamical Systems, Mathematics - Group Theory
Abstract: In this article, we study the dynamics of translations of an element of a semisimple Lie group $G$ acting on its maximal compact subgroup $K$. First, we extend to our context some classical results in the context of general flag manifolds, showing that when the element is hyperbolic its dynamics is gradient and its fixed points components are given by some suitable right cosets of the centralizer of the element in $K$. Second, we consider the dynamics of a general element and characterizes its recurrent set, its minimal Morse components and their stable and unstable manifolds in terms of the Jordan decomposition of the element, and we show that each minimal Morse component is normally hyperbolic.
Published: 2024

10. Cellular homology of compact groups: Split real forms

Author: Patrão, Mauro and Sandoval, Ricardo
Subjects: Mathematics - Algebraic Topology, Mathematics - K-Theory and Homology
Abstract: In this article, we use the Bruhat and Schubert cells to calculate the cellular homology of the maximal compact subgroup $K$ of a connected semisimple Lie group $G$ whose Lie algebra is a split real form. We lift to the maximal compact subgroup the previously known attaching maps for the maximal flag manifold and use it to characterize algebraically the incidence order between Schubert cells. We also present algebraic formulas to compute the boundary maps which extend to the maximal compact subgroups similar formulas obtained in the case of the maximal flag manifolds. Finally, we apply our results to calculate the cellular homology of $\mbox{SO}(3)$ as the maximal compact subgroup of $\mbox{SL}(3, \mathbb{R})$ and the cellular homology of $\mbox{SO}(4)$ as the maximal compact subgroup of the split real form $G_2$.
Published: 2024

11. Symmetry Transformations in Cosmological and Black Hole Analytical Solutions

Author: León, Edgar A. and Sandoval-Rodríguez, Andrés
Subjects: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: We analyze the transformation of a very broad class of metrics that can be expressed in terms of static coordinates. Starting from a general ansatz, we obtain a relation for the parameters in which one can impose further symmetries or restrictions. One of the simplest restrictions leads to FLRW cases, while transforming from the initial static to other static-type coordinates can lead to near horizon coordinates, Wheeler--Regge, and isotropic coordinates, among others. As less restrictive cases, we show an indirect route for obtaining Kruskal-Szekeres within this approach, as well as Lema\^{\i}tre coordinates. We use Schwarzschild spacetime as a prototype for testing the procedure in individual cases. However, application to other spacetimes, such as de-Sitter, Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m, and Schwarzschild de Sitter, can be readily generalized., Comment: 13 Pages, no figures
Published: 2024
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12. Infant Type Ia Supernovae from the KMTNet I. Multi-Color Evolution and Populations

Author: Ni, Yuan Qi, Moon, Dae-Sik, Drout, Maria R., Lee, Youngdae, Sandoval, Patrick, Shin, Jeehye, Park, Hong Soo, Kim, Sang Chul, and Oh, Kyuseok
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: We conduct a systematic analysis of the early multi-band light curves and colors of 19 Type Ia Supernovae (SNe) from the Korea Microlensing Telescope Network SN Program, including 16 previously unpublished events. Seven are detected $\lesssim$ 1 day since the estimated epoch of first light and the rest within $\lesssim$ 3 days. Some show excess emission within $<$ 0.5 days to $\sim$ 2 days, but most show pure power-law rises. The colors are initially diverse before $\sim$ 5 days, but converge to a similar color at $\sim$ 10 days. We identify at least three populations based on 2--5-day color evolution: (1) "early-blues" exhibit slowly-evolving colors consistent with a $\sim$ 17,000 K blackbody; (2) "early-reds" have initially blue $B-V$ and red $V-i$ colors that cannot simultaneously be fit with a blackbody -- likely due to suppression of $B$- and $i$-band flux by Fe II/III and Ca II -- and evolve more rapidly; and (3) "early-yellows" evolve blueward, consistent with thermal heating from $\sim$ 8,000 to 13,000 K. The distributions of early-blue and early-red colors are compatible with them being either distinct populations -- with early-reds comprising (60 $\pm$ 15)% of them -- or extreme ends of one continuous population; whereas the early-yellow population identified here is clearly distinct. Compared to the other populations, early-blues in our sample differ by exhibiting excess emission within 1--2 days, nearly constant peak brightness regardless of $\Delta M_{15}(B)$ after standardization, and shallower Si II features. Early-blues also prefer star-forming host environments, while early-yellows and, to a lesser extent, early-reds prefer quiescent ones. These preferences appear to indicate at least two Type Ia SN production channels based on stellar population age, while early-reds and early-blues may still share a common origin., Comment: Submitted for publication in ApJ. 48 pages, 29 figures, 7 tables
Published: 2024

13. Testing the Molecular Cloud Paradigm for Ultra-High-Energy Gamma Ray Emission from the Direction of SNR G106.3+2.7

Author: Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Babu, R., Belmont-Moreno, E., Bernal, A., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., de León, S. Coutiño, De la Fuente, E., de León, C., Depaoli, D., Desiati, P., Di Lalla, N., Hernandez, R. Diaz, Dingus, B. L., DuVernois, M. A., Engel, K., Ergin, T., Espinoza, C., Fan, K. L., Fang, K., Fraija, N., Fraija, S., García-González, J. A., Garfias, F., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Groetsch, S., Harding, J. P., Hernández-Cadena, S., Herzog, I., Hinton, J., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Humensky, T. B., Hüntemeyer, P., Kaufmann, S., Kieda, D., Lee, W. H., Lee, J., Vargas, H. León, Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Martinez, O., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Montes, J. A., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nellen, L., Nisa, M. U., Olivera-Nieto, L., Omodei, N., Araujo, Y. Pérez, Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Salazar, H., Salazar-Gallegos, D., Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Serna-Franco, J., Smith, A. J., Son, Y., Springer, R. W., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Ureña-Mena, F., Varela, E., Villaseñor, L., Wang, X., Wang, Z., Watson, I. J., Willox, E., Yu, S., Yun-Cárcamo, S., and Zhou, H.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Supernova remnants (SNRs) are believed to be capable of accelerating cosmic rays (CRs) to PeV energies. SNR G106.3+2.7 is a prime PeVatron candidate. It is formed by a head region, where the pulsar J2229+6114 and its boomerang-shaped pulsar wind nebula are located, and a tail region containing SN ejecta. The lack of observed gamma ray emission from the two regions of this SNR has made it difficult to assess which region would be responsible for the PeV CRs. We aim to characterize the very-high-energy (VHE, 0.1-100 TeV) gamma ray emission from SNR G106.3+2.7 by determining the morphology and spectral energy distribution of the region. This is accomplished using 2565 days of data and improved reconstruction algorithms from the HAWC Observatory. We also explore possible gamma ray production mechanisms for different energy ranges. Using a multi-source fitting procedure based on a maximum-likelihood estimation method, we evaluate the complex nature of this region. We determine the morphology, spectrum, and energy range for the source found in the region. Molecular cloud information is also used to create a template and evaluate the HAWC gamma ray spectral properties at ultra-high-energies (UHE, >56 TeV). This will help probe the hadronic nature of the highest-energy emission from the region. We resolve one extended source coincident with all other gamma ray observations of the region. The emission reaches above 100~TeV and its preferred log-parabola shape in the spectrum shows a flux peak in the TeV range. The molecular cloud template fit on the higher energy data reveals that the SNR's energy budget is fully capable of producing a purely hadronic source for UHE gamma rays.
Published: 2024

14. TeV Analysis of a Source Rich Region with HAWC Observatory: Is HESS J1809-193 a Potential Hadronic PeVatron?

Author: Albert, A., Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Rojas, D. Avila, Babu, R., Belmont-Moreno, E., Bernal, A., Breuhaus, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Cotzomi, J., De la Fuente, E., Depaoli, D., Di Lalla, N., Hernandez, R. Diaz, Dingus, B. L., DuVernois, M. A., Espinoza, C., Fan, K. L., Fang, K., Fick, B., Fraija, N., García-González, J. A., Garfias, F., Munoz, A. Gonzalez, González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Groetsch, S., Harding, J. P., Hernández-Cadena, S., Herzog, I., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hüntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Joshi, V., Kaufmann, S., Lara, A., Lee, J., Vargas, H. León, Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Montes, J. A., Morales-Soto, J. A., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nellen, L., Newbold, M., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Osorio, M., Araujo, Y. Pérez, Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Salazar, H., Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Serna-Franco, J., Smith, A. J., Son, Y., Springer, R. W., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Ureña-Mena, F., Varela, E., Wang, X., Watson, I. J., Willox, E., Yun-Cárcamo, S., and Zhou, H.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: HESS J1809-193 is an unidentified TeV source, first detected by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) Collaboration. The emission originates in a source-rich region that includes several Supernova Remnants (SNR) and Pulsars (PSR) including SNR G11.1+0.1, SNR G11.0-0.0, and the young radio pulsar J1809-1917. Originally classified as a pulsar wind nebula (PWN) candidate, recent studies show the peak of the TeV region overlapping with a system of molecular clouds. This resulted in the revision of the original leptonic scenario to look for alternate hadronic scenarios. Marked as a potential PeVatron candidate, this region has been studied extensively by H.E.S.S. due to its emission extending up-to several tens of TeV. In this work, we use 2398 days of data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory to carry out a systematic source search for the HESS J1809-193 region. We were able to resolve emission detected as an extended component (modelled as a Symmetric Gaussian with a 1 $\sigma$ radius of 0.21 $^\circ$) with no clear cutoff at high energies and emitting photons up-to 210 TeV. We model the multi-wavelength observations for the region HESS J1809-193 using a time-dependent leptonic model and a lepto-hadronic model. Our model indicates that both scenarios could explain the observed data within the region of HESS J1809-193.
Published: 2024

15. Analyzing Machine Learning Performance in a Hybrid Quantum Computing and HPC Environment

Author: Bieberich, Samuel T. and Sandoval, Michael A.
Subjects: Computer Science - Emerging Technologies, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Quantum Physics
Abstract: We explored the possible benefits of integrating quantum simulators in a "hybrid" quantum machine learning (QML) workflow that uses both classical and quantum computations in a high-performance computing (HPC) environment. Here, we used two Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility HPC systems, Andes (a commodity-type Linux cluster) and Frontier (an HPE Cray EX supercomputer), along with quantum computing simulators from PennyLane and IBMQ to evaluate a hybrid QML program -- using a "ground up" approach. Using 1 GPU on Frontier, we found ~56% and ~77% speedups when compared to using Frontier's CPU and a local, non-HPC system, respectively. Analyzing performance on a larger dataset using multiple threads, the Frontier GPUs performed ~92% and ~48% faster than the Andes and Frontier CPUs, respectively. More impressively, this is a ~226% speedup over a local, non-HPC system's runtime using the same simulator and number of threads. We hope that this proof of concept will motivate more intensive hybrid QC/HPC scaling studies in the future., Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2024

16. Could a slow stable hybrid star explain the central compact object in HESS~J1731-347?

Author: Mariani, Mauro, Ranea-Sandoval, Ignacio F., Lugones, Germán, and Orsaria, Milva G.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We explore an alternative explanation for the low-mass ultra-compact star in the supernova remnant HESS~J1731-347 using a model-agnostic approach to construct hybrid equations of state. The hadronic part of the hybrid equation of state is constructed using a generalized piecewise polytropic scheme, while the quark phase is described by the generic constant speed of sound model. We assume an abrupt first-order hadron-quark phase transition with a slow conversion speed between phases. Our equations of state align with modern Chiral Effective Field Theory calculations near nuclear saturation density and are consistent with perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics calculations at high densities. Using this theoretical framework, we derive a wide range of hybrid equations of state capable of explaining the light compact object in HESS~J1731-347 in a model-independent manner, without fine-tuning. These equations of state are also consistent with modern astronomical constraints from high-mass pulsar timing, NICER observations, and multimessenger astronomy involving gravitational waves. Our results support the hypothesis that the compact object in HESS~J1731-347 could plausibly be a slow stable hybrid star., Comment: Published as a regular article in PRD
Published: 2024
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17. Observation of the Galactic Center PeVatron Beyond 100 TeV with HAWC

Author: Albert, A., Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Andrés, A., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Babu, R., Belmont-Moreno, E., Bernal, A., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., de León, S. Coutiño, De la Fuente, E., de León, C., Depaoli, D., Di Lalla, N., Hernandez, R. Diaz, Dingus, B. L., DuVernois, M. A., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Engel, K., Ergin, T., Espinoza, C., Fan, K. L., Fang, K., Fraija, N., Fraija, S., García-González, J. A., Garfias, F., Goksu, H., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Groetsch, S., Harding, J. P., Hernández-Cadena, S., Herzog, I., Hinton, J., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Humensky, T. B., Hüntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Kaufmann, S., Kieda, D., Lara, A., Lee, W. H., Lee, J., Vargas, H. León, Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Martinez, O., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Montes, J. A., Morales-Soto, J. A., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Najafi, M., Nellen, L., Newbold, M., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Olivera-Nieto, L., Omodei, N., Osorio-Archila, M., Araujo, Y. Pérez, Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Salazar, H., Salazar-Gallegos, D., Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Schwefer, G., Serna-Franco, J., Smith, A. J., Son, Y., Springer, R. W., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Ureña-Mena, F., Varela, E., Wang, X., Wang, Z., Watson, I. J., Willox, E., Wu, H., Yu, S., Yun-Cárcamo, S., and Zhou, H.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We report an observation of ultra-high energy (UHE) gamma rays from the Galactic Center region, using seven years of data collected by the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory. The HAWC data are best described as a point-like source (HAWC J1746-2856) with a power-law spectrum ($\mathrm{d}N/\mathrm{d}E=\phi(E/26 \,\text{TeV})^{\gamma}$), where $\gamma=-2.88 \pm 0.15_{\text{stat}} - 0.1_{\text{sys}} $ and $\phi=1.5 \times 10^{-15}$ (TeV cm$^{2}$s)$^{-1}$ $\pm\, 0.3_{\text{stat}}\,^{+0.08_{\text{sys}}}_{-0.13_{\text{sys}}}$ extending from 6 to 114 TeV. We find no evidence of a spectral cutoff up to $100$ TeV using HAWC data. Two known point-like gamma-ray sources are spatially coincident with the HAWC gamma-ray excess: Sgr A$^{*}$ (HESS J1745-290) and the Arc (HESS J1746-285). We subtract the known flux contribution of these point sources from the measured flux of HAWC J1746-2856 to exclude their contamination and show that the excess observed by HAWC remains significant ($>$5$\sigma$) with the spectrum extending to $>$100 TeV. Our result supports that these detected UHE gamma rays can originate via hadronic interaction of PeV cosmic-ray protons with the dense ambient gas and confirms the presence of a proton PeVatron at the Galactic Center.
Published: 2024

18. Understanding the Emission and Morphology of the Unidentified Gamma-Ray Source TeV J2032+4130

Author: Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Babu, R., Belmont-Moreno, E., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., de León, S. Coutiño, De la Fuente, E., de León, C., Depaoli, D., Di Lalla, N., Hernandez, R. Diaz, Dingus, B. L., DuVernois, M. A., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Engel, K., Ergin, T., Espinoza, C., Fan, K. L., Fraija, N., García-González, J. A., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Groetsch, S., Harding, J. P., Hernández-Cadena, S., Herzog, I., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hüntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Kaufmann, S., Lee, J., Vargas, H. León, Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Montes, . A., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nellen, L., Newbold, M., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Araujo, Y. Pérez, Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Salazar, H., Salazar-Gallegos, D., Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Serna-Franco, J., Smith, A. J., Son, Y., Springer, R. W., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Ureña-Mena, F., Varela, E., Villaseñor, L., Wang, X., Wang, Zhen, Watson, I. J., Yu, S., Yun-Cárcamo, S., and Zhou, H.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The first TeV gamma-ray source with no lower energy counterparts, TeV J2032+4130, was discovered by HEGRA. It appears in the third HAWC catalog as 3HWC J2031+415 and it is a bright TeV gamma-ray source whose emission has previously been resolved as 2 sources: HAWC J2031+415 and HAWC J2030+409. While HAWC J2030+409 has since been associated with the \emph{Fermi-LAT} Cygnus Cocoon, no such association for HAWC J2031+415 has yet been found. In this work, we investigate the spectrum and energy-dependent morphology of HAWC J2031+415. We associate HAWC J2031+415 with the pulsar PSR J2032+4127 and perform a combined multi-wavelength analysis using radio, X-ray, and $\gamma$-ray emission. We conclude that HAWC J2031+415 and, by extension, TeV J2032+4130 are most probably a pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by PSR J2032+4127.
Published: 2024

19. A multicategory jet image classification framework using deep neural network

Author: Sandoval, Jairo Orozco, Manian, Vidya, and Malik, Sudhir
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract: Jet point cloud images are high dimensional data structures that needs to be transformed to a separable feature space for machine learning algorithms to distinguish them with simple decision boundaries. In this article, the authors focus on jet category separability by particle and jet feature extraction, resulting in more efficient training of a simple deep neural network, resulting in a computational efficient interpretable model for jet classification. The methodology is tested with three to five categories of jets from the JetNet benchmark jet tagging dataset, resulting in comparable performance to particle flow network. This work demonstrates that high dimensional datasets represented in separable latent spaces lead to simpler architectures for jet classification., Comment: 9 pages, y figures
Published: 2024

20. Guidance counsellors on COVID-19 experiences: Distance education successes and challenges

Author: Hernandez, Philippe Jose S, Alejandria, Maria Carinnes P, Guiang, Rowena S, Bergado-Timbangcaya, Alvie P, Taypa, Jean S, Bengwasan, Peejay D, Sazon-de Chavez, Ma. Francia, Alipao, Froilan A, Quan-Nalus, Marie Antonette, Sandoval, Erin Ceejay, Naboa, Gabriel Angelico, Fernandez, Ninna Sandra, Tumaneng, Denise, Casimir, Kristel May, Gibe, Jolly Anne, Alejandria, Maria Ana Caterina, Luzano, Jelli Grace, and Generalao, Jesrinel
Published: 2024

21. Segmentation in Higher Education in Chile: Massification without Equality

Author: Oscar Espinoza, Bruno Corradi, Luis González, Luis Sandoval, Noel McGinn, and Trinidad Vera
Abstract: Fifty years ago, the expansion of access to higher education was expected to result in greater socio-economic equality. Instead, segmentation in mass higher education systems has called into question the effective democratization of access to higher education. This phenomenon appeared first in higher income countries, allowing the identification of some factors that contribute to segmentation. This article seeks to provide evidence from the Chilean case, evaluating how students' social backgrounds affect admission to different types of universities. Data for the study were taken from the applications of 57,780 students admitted in 2019. Multinomial logistic regression was employed. The results showed that, depending on their background, students of the same level of academic performance follow different paths. Students from families with a high level of income or graduated from private secondary school were more likely to be admitted to private universities. Some of the dynamics present in European countries and the United States are also observed in Chile, particularly those related to the segregation of the school system and private provision and funding at the tertiary level.
Published: 2024
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22. HAWC Study of the Very-high-energy γ-Ray Spectrum of HAWC J1844−034

Author: A. Albert, C. Alvarez, D. Avila Rojas, H. A. Ayala Solares, R. Babu, E. Belmont-Moreno, M. Breuhaus, T. Capistrán, A. Carramiñana, S. Casanova, J. Cotzomi, S. Coutiño de León, E. De la Fuente, D. Depaoli, R. Diaz Hernandez, B. L. Dingus, M. A. DuVernois, M. Durocher, K. Engel, C. Espinoza, K. L. Fan, K. Fang, N. Fraija, J. A. García-González, M. M. González, J. A. Goodman, S. Groetsch, J. P. Harding, I. Herzog, J. Hinton, D. Huang, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, T. B. Humensky, P. Hüntemeyer, V. Joshi, S. Kaufmann, J. Lee, H. León Vargas, A. L. Longinotti, G. Luis-Raya, K. Malone, O. Martinez, J. Martínez-Castro, J. A. Matthews, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, J. A. Morales-Soto, E. Moreno, M. Mostafá, L. Nellen, R. Noriega-Papaqui, L. Olivera-Nieto, N. Omodei, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, C. D. Rho, D. Rosa-González, E. Ruiz-Velasco, H. Salazar, D. Salazar-Gallegos, A. Sandoval, M. Schneider, J. Serna-Franco, A. J. Smith, Y. Son, R. W. Springer, O. Tibolla, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, R. Torres-Escobedo, R. Turner, F. Ureña-Mena, E. Varela, L. Villaseñor, X. Wang, I. J. Watson, E. Willox, H. Zhou, and HAWC collaboration
Subjects: γ-ray sources, Pulsars, Supernova remnants, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: Recently, the region surrounding eHWC J1842−035 has been studied extensively by γ-ray observatories due to its extended emission reaching up to a few hundred TeV and potential as a hadronic accelerator. In this work, we use 1910 days of cumulative data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory to carry out a dedicated systematic source search of the eHWC J1842−035 region. During the search, we found three sources in the region, namely, HAWC J1844−034, HAWC J1843−032, and HAWC J1846−025. We have identified HAWC J1844−034 as the extended source that emits photons with energies up to 175 TeV. We compute the spectrum for HAWC J1844−034, and by comparing with the observational results from other experiments, we have identified HESS J1843−033, LHAASO J1843−0338, and TASG J1844−038 as very-high-energy γ-ray sources with a matching origin. Also, we present and use the multiwavelength data to fit the hadronic and leptonic particle spectra. We have identified four pulsar candidates in the nearby region in which PSR J1844−0346 is found to be the most likely candidate due to its proximity to HAWC J1844−034 and the computed energy budget. We have also found SNR G28.6−0.1 as a potential counterpart source of HAWC J1844−034 for which both leptonic and hadronic scenarios are feasible.
Published: 2023
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23. Search for Gamma-Ray and Neutrino Coincidences Using HAWC and ANTARES Data

Author: H. A. Ayala Solares, S. Coutu, D. Cowen, D. B. Fox, T. Grégoire, F. McBride, M. Mostafá, K. Murase, S. Wissel, AMON Team, A. Albert, S. Alves, M. André, M. Ardid, S. Ardid, J.-J. Aubert, J. Aublin, B. Baret, S. Basa, B. Belhorma, M. Bendahman, F. Benfenati, V. Bertin, S. Biagi, M. Bissinger, J. Boumaaza, M. Bouta, M. C. Bouwhuis, H. Brânzaş, R. Bruijn, J. Brunner, J. Busto, B. Caiffi, D. Calvo, A. Capone, L. Caramete, J. Carr, V. Carretero, S. Celli, M. Chabab, T. N. Chau, R. Cherkaoui El Moursli, T. Chiarusi, M. Circella, J. A. B. Coelho, A. Coleiro, R. Coniglione, P. Coyle, A. Creusot, A. F. Díaz, G. de Wasseige, B. De Martino, C. Distefano, I. Di Palma, A. Domi, C. Donzaud, D. Dornic, D. Drouhin, T. Eberl, T. van Eeden, D. van Eijk, N. El Khayati, A. Enzenhöfer, P. Fermani, G. Ferrara, F. Filippini, L. Fusco, J. García, P. Gay, H. Glotin, R. Gozzini, R. Gracia Ruiz, K. Graf, C. Guidi, S. Hallmann, H. van Haren, A. J. Heijboer, Y. Hello, J. J. Hernández-Rey, J. Hößl, J. Hofestädt, F. Huang, G. Illuminati, C. W. James, B. Jisse-Jung, M. de Jong, P. de Jong, M. Kadler, O. Kalekin, U. Katz, A. Kouchner, I. Kreykenbohm, V. Kulikovskiy, R. Lahmann, M. Lamoureux, R. Le Breton, D. Lefèvre, E. Leonora, G. Levi, S. Le Stum, D. Lopez-Coto, S. Loucatos, L. Maderer, J. Manczak, M. Marcelin, A. Margiotta, A. Marinelli, J. A. Martínez-Mora, K. Melis, P. Migliozzi, A. Moussa, R. Muller, L. Nauta, S. Navas, E. Nezri, B. Ó Fearraigh, A. Păun, G. E. Păvălaş, C. Pellegrino, M. Perrin-Terrin, V. Pestel, P. Piattelli, C. Pieterse, C. Poirè, V. Popa, T. Pradier, N. Randazzo, D. Real, S. Reck, G. Riccobene, A. Romanov, A. Sánchez-Losa, D. F. E. Samtleben, M. Sanguineti, P. Sapienza, J. Schnabel, J. Schumann, F. Schüssler, J. Seneca, M. Spurio, Th. Stolarczyk, M. Taiuti, Y. Tayalati, S. J. Tingay, B. Vallage, V. Van Elewyck, F. Versari, S. Viola, D. Vivolo, J. Wilms, S. Zavatarelli, A. Zegarelli, J. D. Zornoza, J. Zúñiga, ANTARES Collaboration, C. Alvarez, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, R. Babu, E. Belmont-Moreno, K. S. Caballero-Mora, T. Capistrán, A. Carramiñana, S. Casanova, U. Cotti, O. Chaparro-Amaro, J. Cotzomi, S. Coutiño de León, E. De la Fuente, C. de León, R. Diaz Hernandez, M. A. DuVernois, M. Durocher, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, K. Engel, C. Espinoza, K. L. Fan, M. Fernández Alonso, N. Fraija, J. A. García-González, F. Garfias, M. M. González, J. A. Goodman, J. P. Harding, S. Hernandez, D. Huang, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, P. Hüntemeyer, A. Iriarte, V. Joshi, S. Kaufmann, A. Lara, H. León Vargas, J. T. Linnemann, A. L. Longinotti, G. Luis-Raya, K. Malone, O. Martinez, I. Martinez-Castellanos, J. Martínez-Castro, J. A. Matthews, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, J. A. Morales-Soto, E. Moreno, A. Nayerhoda, L. Nellen, M. U. Nisa, R. Noriega-Papaqui, N. Omodei, A. Peisker, Y. Pérez Araujo, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, C. D. Rho, D. Rosa-González, E. Ruiz-Velasco, H. Salazar, F. Salesa Greus, A. Sandoval, M. Schneider, A. J. Smith, Y. Son, R. W. Springer, O. Tibolla, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, R. Torres-Escobedo, R. Turner, F. Ureña-Mena, E. Varela, X. Wang, K. Whitaker, E. Willox, A. Zepeda, H. Zhou, and HAWC Collaboration
Subjects: High energy astrophysics, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: In the quest for high-energy neutrino sources, the Astrophysical Multimessenger Observatory Network has implemented a new search by combining data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory and the Astronomy with a Neutrino Telescope and Abyss environmental RESearch (ANTARES) neutrino telescope. Using the same analysis strategy as in a previous detector combination of HAWC and IceCube data, we perform a search for coincidences in HAWC and ANTARES events that are below the threshold for sending public alerts in each individual detector. Data were collected between 2015 July and 2020 February with a live time of 4.39 yr. Over this time period, three coincident events with an estimated false-alarm rate of
Published: 2023
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24. Searching for TeV Dark Matter in Irregular Dwarf Galaxies with HAWC Observatory

Author: R. Alfaro, C. Alvarez, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, D. Avila Rojas, H. A. Ayala Solares, R. Babu, E. Belmont-Moreno, K. S. Caballero-Mora, T. Capistrán, A. Carramiñana, S. Casanova, O. Chaparro-Amaro, U. Cotti, J. Cotzomi, E. De la Fuente, R. Diaz Hernandez, B. L. Dingus, M. A. DuVernois, M. Durocher, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, C. Espinoza, K. L. Fan, N. Fraija, J. A. García-González, F. Garfias, M. M. González, J. P. Harding, S. Hernández-Cadena, D. Huang, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, A. Iriarte, V. Joshi, S. Kaufmann, D. Kieda, J. Lee, H. León Vargas, J. T. Linnemann, A. L. Longinotti, G. Luis-Raya, K. Malone, O. Martinez, J. Martínez-Castro, J. A. Matthews, E. Moreno, M. Mostafá, A. Nayerhoda, L. Nellen, N. Omodei, Y. Pérez Araujo, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, C. D. Rho, D. Rosa-González, H. Salazar, D. Salazar-Gallegos, A. Sandoval, J. Serna-Franco, Y. Son, R. W. Springer, O. Tibolla, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, R. Torres-Escobedo, R. Turner, F. Ureña-Mena, L. Villaseñor, X. Wang, E. Willox, H. Zhou, C. de León, The HAWC Collaboration, V. Gammaldi, E. Karukes, and P. Salucci
Subjects: Dark matter, Cold dark matter, Galaxies, Dwarf irregular galaxies, Particle astrophysics, Gamma-rays, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: We present the results of dark matter (DM) searches in a sample of 31 dwarf irregular (dIrr) galaxies within the field of view of the HAWC Observatory. dIrr galaxies are DM-dominated objects in which astrophysical gamma-ray emission is estimated to be negligible with respect to the secondary gamma-ray flux expected by annihilation or decay of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). While we do not see any statistically significant DM signal in dIrr galaxies, we present the exclusion limits (95% C.L.) for annihilation cross section and decay lifetime for WIMP candidates with masses between 1 and 100 TeV. Exclusion limits from dIrr galaxies are relevant and complementary to benchmark dwarf Spheroidal (dSph) galaxies. In fact, dIrr galaxies are targets kinematically different from benchmark dSph, preserving the footprints of different evolution histories. We compare the limits from dIrr galaxies to those from ultrafaint and classical dSph galaxies previously observed with HAWC. We find that the constraints are comparable to the limits from classical dSph galaxies and ∼2 orders of magnitude weaker than the ultrafaint dSph limits.
Published: 2023
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25. Detailed Analysis of the TeV γ-Ray Sources 3HWC J1928+178, 3HWC J1930+188, and the New Source HAWC J1932+192

Author: A. Albert, R. Alfaro, C. Alvarez, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, D. Avila Rojas, H. A. Ayala Solares, R. Babu, E. Belmont-Moreno, C. Brisbois, K. S. Caballero-Mora, T. Capistrán, A. Carramiñana, S. Casanova, O. Chaparro-Amaro, U. Cotti, J. Cotzomi, S. Coutiño de León, E. De la Fuente, C. de León, R. Diaz Hernandez, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, B. L. Dingus, M. A. DuVernois, M. Durocher, K. Engel, C. Espinoza, K. L. Fan, M. Fernández Alonso, N. Fraija, J. A. García-González, F. Garfias, H. Goksu, M. M. González, J. A. Goodman, J. P. Harding, S. Hernandez, J. Hinton, B. Hona, D. Huang, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, P. Hüntemeyer, A. Iriarte, A. Jardin-Blicq, V. Joshi, S. Kaufmann, D. Kieda, W. H. Lee, H. León Vargas, J. T. Linnemann, A. L. Longinotti, G. Luis-Raya, R. López-Coto, K. Malone, V. Marandon, O. Martinez, J. Martínez-Castro, J. A. Matthews, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, J. A. Morales-Soto, E. Moreno, M. Mostafá, A. Nayerhoda, L. Nellen, M. Newbold, M. U. Nisa, R. Noriega-Papaqui, L. Olivera-Nieto, N. Omodei, A. Peisker, Y. Pérez Araujo, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, C. D. Rho, D. Rosa-González, E. Ruiz-Velasco, H. Salazar, D. Salazar-Gallegos, F. Salesa Greus, A. Sandoval, M. Schneider, J. Serna-Franco, A. J. Smith, Y. Son, R. W. Springer, O. Tibolla, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, R. Torres-Escobedo, R. Turner, F. Ureña-Mena, L. Villaseñor, X. Wang, F. Werner, E. Willox, H. Zhou, and HAWC collaboration
Subjects: High energy astrophysics, Gamma-ray astronomy, Pulsars, Pulsar wind nebulae, Non-thermal radiation sources, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: The latest High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) point-like source catalog up to 56 TeV reported the detection of two sources in the region of the Galactic plane at galactic longitude 52° < ℓ < 55°, 3HWC J1930+188 and 3HWC J1928+178. The first one is associated with a known TeV source, the supernova remnant SNR G054.1+00.3. It was discovered by one of the currently operating Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope (IACT), the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS), detected by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S), and identified as a composite SNR. However, the source 3HWC J1928+178, discovered by HAWC and coincident with the pulsar PSR J1928+1746, was not detected by any IACT despite their long exposure on the region, until a recent new analysis of H.E.S.S. data was able to confirm it. Moreover, no X-ray counterpart has been detected from this pulsar. We present a multicomponent fit of this region using the latest HAWC data. This reveals an additional new source, HAWC J1932+192, which is potentially associated with the pulsar PSR J1932+1916, whose γ -ray emission could come from the acceleration of particles in its pulsar wind nebula. In the case of 3HWC J1928+178, several possible explanations are explored, in an attempt to unveil the origins of the very-high-energy γ -ray emission.
Published: 2023
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26. EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION WITH TYPICAL MEXICAN FOODS (OPTUNA FICUS INDICA, THEOBROMA CACAO AND EDIBLE CRICKETS) IN HIGH-FAT/HIGH-SUGAR DIET-FED MICE

Author: R. Rosas Campos, A. Meza Ríos, S. Rodríguez Sanabria, R. de la Rosa Bibiano, A. Sandoval Rodríguez, and J. Armendáriz Borunda
Subjects: Specialties of internal medicine, RC581-951
Abstract: Introduction and objectives: The obesogenic environment, including high fat/ high sugar diet, are risk factors for developing multiple diseases associated with obesity, such as metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and metabolic syndrome, among others. An increase in physical activity and change of diet is the first therapeutic line to prevent or treat obesity; however, adherence to this treatment is negligible. Therefore, this communication's objective was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with a mixture of foods of Mexican origin: Optuna ficus indica, Theobroma cacao and edible crickets (MexTHER) on a diet high in saturated-fats and fructose-sucrose in obesogenic mice. Material and methods: Twenty male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups between 7 and 8 weeks of age. Control group: Normal diet (ND) for 16 weeks; HF Group: Diet with 45% of Kcal from fat and water added with 55% fructose and 45% sucrose ad libitum for 16 weeks; and Therapeutic group: HF diet up to week eight and the last 8 weeks switched to a high fat/sugar diet supplemented with 10% nopal, 10% cocoa and 10% cricket (MexTHER). The animals were sacrificed at 16 weeks and histological, biochemistry and cognitive analysis were performed. Results: Mice fed with MexTHER diet showed a significant reduction in weight at sacrifice. After two weeks MexTHER group equaled their weight to the ND group (ND = 35.92 ± 4.76, HF = 47 ± 7.11, MexTHER = 34.20 ± 6.71 p
Published: 2022
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27. Alteration of Neuropilin‑1 and Heparan Sulfate Interaction Impairs Murine B16 Tumor Growth

Author: Painter, Chelsea D, Sankaranarayanan, Nehru Viji, Nagarajan, Balaji, Clausen, Thomas Mandel, West, Alan MV, Setiawan, Nicollette J, Park, Jeeyoung, Porell, Ryan N, Bartels, Phillip L, Sandoval, Daniel R, Vasquez, Gabriel J, Chute, John P, Godula, Kamil, Vander Kooi, Craig W, Gordts, Philip LSM, Corbett, Kevin D, Termini, Christina M, Desai, Umesh R, and Esko, Jeffrey D
Subjects: Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biological Sciences, Neuropilin-1, Animals, Heparitin Sulfate, Mice, Melanoma, Experimental, Protein Binding, Binding Sites, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Heparin, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Mutation, Chemical Sciences, Organic Chemistry, Biological sciences, Chemical sciences
Abstract: Neuropilin-1 acts as a coreceptor with vascular endothelial growth factor receptors to facilitate binding of its ligand, vascular endothelial growth factor. Neuropilin-1 also binds to heparan sulfate, but the functional significance of this interaction has not been established. A combinatorial library screening using heparin oligosaccharides followed by molecular dynamics simulations of a heparin tetradecasaccharide suggested a highly conserved binding site composed of amino acid residues extending across the b1 and b2 domains of murine neuropilin-1. Mutagenesis studies established the importance of arginine513 and lysine514 for binding of heparin to a recombinant form of Nrp1 composed of the a1, a2, b1, and b2 domains. Recombinant Nrp1 protein bearing R513A,K514A mutations showed a significant loss of heparin-binding, heparin-induced dimerization, and heparin-dependent thermal stabilization. Isothermal calorimetry experiments suggested a 1:2 complex of heparin tetradecasaccharide:Nrp1. To study the impact of altered heparin binding in vivo, a mutant allele of Nrp1 bearing the R513A,K514A mutations was created in mice (Nrp1D) and crossbred to Nrp1+/- mice to examine the impact of altered heparan sulfate binding. Analysis of tumor formation showed variable effects on tumor growth in Nrp1D/D mice, resulting in a frank reduction in tumor growth in Nrp1D/- mice. Expression of mutant Nrp1D protein was normal in tissues, suggesting that the reduction in tumor growth was due to the altered binding of heparin/heparan sulfate to neuropilin-1. These findings suggest that the interaction of neuropilin-1 with heparan sulfate modulates its stability and its role in tumor formation and growth.
Published: 2024

28. Roles of H-Bonding and Hydride Solvation in the Reaction of Hydrated (Di)electrons with Water to Create H2 and OH.

Author: Borrelli, William, Guardado Sandoval, José, Mei, Kenneth, and Schwartz, Benjamin
Abstract: Even though single hydrated electrons (ehyd-s) are stable in liquid water, two hydrated electrons can bimolecularly react with water to create H2 and hydroxide: ehyd- + ehyd- + 2H2O → H2 + 2OH-. The rate of this reaction has an unusual temperature and isotope dependence as well as no dependence on ionic strength, which suggests that cosolvation of two electrons as a single hydrated dielectron (e2,hyd2-) might be an important intermediate in the mechanism of this reaction. Here, we present an ab initio density functional theory study of this reaction to better understand the potential properties, reactivity, and experimental accessibility of hydrated dielectrons. Our simulations create hydrated dielectrons by first simulating single ehyd-s and then injecting a second electron, providing a well-defined time zero for e2,hyd2- formation and offering insight into a potential experimental route to creating dielectrons and optically inducing the reaction. We find that e2,hyd2- immediately forms in every member of our ensemble of trajectories, allowing us to study the molecular mechanism of H2 and OH- formation. The subsequent reaction involves separate proton transfer steps with a generally well-defined hydride subintermediate. The time scales for both proton transfer steps are quite broad, with the first proton transfer step spanning times over a few ps, while the second proton transfer step varies over ∼150 fs. We find that the first proton transfer rate is dictated by whether or not the reacting water is part of an H-bond chain that allows the newly created OH- to rapidly move by Grotthuss-type proton hopping to minimize electrostatic repulsion with H-. The second proton transfer step depends significantly on the degree of solvation of H-, leading to a wide range of reactive geometries where the two waters involved can lie either across the dielectron cavity or more adjacent to each other. This also allows the two proton transfer events to take place either effectively concertedly or sequentially, explaining differing views that have been presented in the literature.
Published: 2024

29. Positive selection analyses identify a single WWE domain residue that shapes ZAP into a more potent restriction factor against alphaviruses

Author: Huang, Serina, Girdner, Juliana, Nguyen, LeAnn P, Sandoval, Carina, Fregoso, Oliver I, Enard, David, and Li, Melody MH
Subjects: Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Biological Sciences, Biodefense, Vector-Borne Diseases, Genetics, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, 5.1 Pharmaceuticals, Generic health relevance, Infection, Humans, Animals, Alphavirus, Alphavirus Infections, Protein Domains, RNA-Binding Proteins, Selection, Genetic, Evolution, Molecular, Repressor Proteins, Microbiology, Immunology, Virology, Medical microbiology
Abstract: The host interferon pathway upregulates intrinsic restriction factors in response to viral infection. Many of them block a diverse range of viruses, suggesting that their antiviral functions might have been shaped by multiple viral families during evolution. Host-virus conflicts have led to the rapid adaptation of host and viral proteins at their interaction hotspots. Hence, we can use evolutionary genetic analyses to elucidate antiviral mechanisms and domain functions of restriction factors. Zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP) is a restriction factor against RNA viruses such as alphaviruses, in addition to other RNA, retro-, and DNA viruses, yet its precise antiviral mechanism is not fully characterized. Previously, an analysis of 13 primate ZAP orthologs identified three positively selected residues in the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-like domain. However, selective pressure from ancient alphaviruses and others likely drove ZAP adaptation in a wider representation of mammals. We performed positive selection analyses in 261 mammalian ZAP using more robust methods with complementary strengths and identified seven positively selected sites in all domains of the protein. We generated ZAP inducible cell lines in which the positively selected residues of ZAP are mutated and tested their effects on alphavirus replication and known ZAP activities. Interestingly, the mutant in the second WWE domain of ZAP (N658A) is dramatically better than wild-type ZAP at blocking replication of Sindbis virus and other ZAP-sensitive alphaviruses due to enhanced viral translation inhibition. The N658A mutant is adjacent to the previously reported poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) binding pocket, but surprisingly has reduced binding to PAR. In summary, the second WWE domain is critical for engineering a more potent ZAP and fluctuations in PAR binding modulate ZAP antiviral activity. Our study has the potential to unravel the role of ADP-ribosylation in the host innate immune defense and viral evolutionary strategies that antagonize this post-translational modification.
Published: 2024

30. Three robust temperature-drift compensation strategies for a MEMS gravimeter

Author: Valenzuela, Victor M., Teran, Daniel, Sandoval, Alejandro, Gomez, Eduardo, Franco-Villafañe, John A., Alcantar-Peña, Jesus J., and Ponce-Hernandez, Juan
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Gravimeters fabricated with MEMS suffer from temperature-dependent drifts in their long-term stability. We analyze the thermal contributions to the signal, and we propose three mechanisms to mitigate their effects. The first one uses materials that fulfill the condition $\alpha_E=-2 \alpha$, where the thermal expansion is canceled by the temperature variation of the Young's modulus. The second one uses the thermal expansion to introduce a compression that compensates the variation in the force of the spring. In the third one, the expansion compensates the displacement of the proof mass in the sensor, rather than the force. The three mechanisms are robust since they only depend on the temperature of the sensor itself.
Published: 2024
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31. Variable radio emission of neutron star X-ray binary Ser X-1 during its persistent soft state

Author: Pattie, E. C., Maccarone, T. J., Tetarenko, A. J., Miller-Jones, J. C. A., Marcano, M. Pichardo, and Sandoval, L. E. Rivera
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Ser X-1 is a low mass neutron star X-ray binary and has been persistently accreting since its discovery in the 1960s. It has always been observed to be in a soft spectral state and has never showed substantial long-term X-ray variability. Ser X-1 has one previous radio observation in the literature in which radio emission was detected during this soft state, which is contrary to the behavior of black hole X-ray binaries. We have recently obtained 10 randomly sampled radio epochs of Ser X-1 in order to further investigate its anomalous soft state radio emission. Out of 10 epochs, we find 8 non-detections and 2 detections at 10 GHz flux densities of 19.9 +/- 4.2 uJy and 32.2 +/- 3.6 uJy. We do not detect polarization in either epoch, ruling out very high polarization levels (< 63% and 34%). We compare these Ser X-1 results to other X-ray binaries and consider explanations for its long term variable radio behavior., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures; Accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2024

32. Equity Implications of Net-Zero Emissions: A Multi-Model Analysis of Energy Expenditures Across Income Classes Under Economy-Wide Deep Decarbonization Policies

Author: Bistlinea, John, Onda, Chikara, Browning, Morgan, Emmerling, Johannes, Iyer, Gokul, Mahajan, Megan, McFarland, Jim, McJeon, Haewon, Orvis, Robbie, Fonseca, Francisco Ralston, Roney, Christopher, Sandoval, Noah, Sarmiento, Luis, Weyant, John, Woollacott, Jared, and Yuan, Mei
Subjects: Physics - Physics and Society, Economics - General Economics
Abstract: With companies, states, and countries targeting net-zero emissions around midcentury, there are questions about how these targets alter household welfare and finances, including distributional effects across income groups. This paper examines the distributional dimensions of technology transitions and net-zero policies with a focus on welfare impacts across household incomes. The analysis uses a model intercomparison with a range of energy-economy models using harmonized policy scenarios reaching economy-wide, net-zero CO2 emissions across the United States in 2050. We employ a novel linking approach that connects output from detailed energy system models with survey microdata on energy expenditures across income classes to provide distributional analysis of net-zero policies. Although there are differences in model structure and input assumptions, we find broad agreement in qualitative trends in policy incidence and energy burdens across income groups. Models generally agree that direct energy expenditures for many households will likely decline over time with reference and net-zero policies. However, there is variation in the extent of changes relative to current levels, energy burdens relative to reference levels, and electricity expenditures. Policy design, primarily how climate policy revenues are used, has first-order impacts on distributional outcomes. Net-zero policy costs, in both absolute and relative terms, are unevenly distributed across households, and relative increases in energy expenditures are higher for lowest-income households. However, we also find that recycled revenues from climate policies have countervailing effects when rebated on a per-capita basis, offsetting higher energy burdens and potentially even leading to net progressive outcomes.
Published: 2024
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33. Quantum Parity Detectors: a qubit based particle detection scheme with meV thresholds for rare-event searches

Author: Ramanathan, Karthik, Parker, John E., Joshi, Lalit M., Beyer, Andrew D., Echternach, Pierre M., Rosenblum, Serge, Sandoval, Brandon J., and Golwala, Sunil R.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Quantum Physics
Abstract: The next generation of rare-event searches, such as those aimed at determining the nature of particle dark matter or in measuring fundamental neutrino properties, will benefit from particle detectors with thresholds at the meV scale, 100-1000x lower than currently available. Quantum parity detectors (QPDs) are a novel class of proposed quantum devices that use the tremendous sensitivity of superconducting qubits to quasiparticle tunneling events as their detection concept. As envisioned, phonons generated by particle interactions within a crystalline substrate cause an eventual quasiparticle cascade within a surface patterned superconducting qubit element. This process alters the fundamental charge parity of the device in a binary manner, which can be used to deduce the initial properties of the energy deposition. We lay out the operating mechanism, noise sources, and expected sensitivity of QPDs based on a spectrum of charge-qubit types and readout mechanisms and detail an R&D pathway to demonstrating sensitivity to sub-eV energy deposits., Comment: 18 pages, 9 figures, 4 appendices
Published: 2024

34. HESS J1745$-$290 spectrum explained by a transition in the diffusion regime of PeV cosmic rays in the Sgr A* accretion flow

Author: Muena, Claudio, Riquelme, Mario, Reisenegger, Andreas, and Sandoval, Astor
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Context. The diffuse TeV gamma-ray emission detected in the inner $\sim$ 100 pc of the Galactic Center suggests the existence of a central cosmic-ray accelerator reaching $\sim$ PeV energies. It is interesting to associate this so-called PeVatron with the point source HESS J1745$-$290, whose position is consistent with that of the central supermassive black hole, Sgr A*. However, the point source shows a spectral break at a few TeV, which is not shown by the diffuse emission, challenging this association. Aims. We seek to build an emission model for the point source consistent with both emissions being produced by the same population of relativistic protons, continuously injected with a power-law spectrum up to $\sim$ PeV energies, near Sgr A*. Methods. In our model, we assume that the point source is produced by hadronic collisions between the cosmic rays and the gas in the accretion flow of Sgr A*. The cosmic-ray density is calculated taking into consideration cosmic-ray transport due to diffusion and advection, while the properties of the gas are obtained from previous numerical simulations of the accretion flow. Results. Our model succeeds in explaining both the point source and the diffuse emission with the same cosmic rays injected in the vicinity of Sgr A*, as long as the coherence length of the magnetic turbulence in the accretion flow is $l_c\sim(1-3)\times 10^{14}\,\mathrm{cm}$. The spectral break of the point source appears naturally due to an energy-dependent transition in the way the cosmic rays diffuse within the inner $\sim 0.1$ pc of the accretion flow (where most of the emission is produced) Conclusions. Our model supports the idea that Sgr A* can be a PeVatron, whose accelerated cosmic rays give rise to both the point source and the diffuse emission. Future TeV telescopes, like CTAO, will be able to test this model.
Published: 2024

35. Testing $f(T)$ cosmologies with HII Hubble diagram and CMB distance priors

Author: Sandoval-Orozco, Rodrigo, Escamilla-Rivera, Celia, Briffa, Rebecca, and Said, Jackson Levi
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: In this work, we present independent determinations of cosmological parameters and new constraints on $f(T)$ cosmologies, employing two new catalogs related to HII galaxy Hubble and CMB distance priors, along with the local standard measurements, SNIa, $H(z)$ measurements, growth rate data (RSD), and BAO baselines. We found that the marginalised best-fit C.L. $H_0$ and $\sigma_8$ parameters within these cosmologies can relax the current cosmological tensions using HIIG data. This produces a larger range of admissible values for the current Hubble constant, and when all baselines are considered, the uncertainty bands for $H_0$ and the matter density parameter reduce significantly., Comment: 14 pages, 2 figures, 4 tables
Published: 2024

36. Contextual Affordances for Safe Exploration in Robotic Scenarios

Author: Ye, William Z., Sandoval, Eduardo B., Carreno-Medrano, Pamela, and Cru, Francisco
Subjects: Computer Science - Robotics, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract: Robotics has been a popular field of research in the past few decades, with much success in industrial applications such as manufacturing and logistics. This success is led by clearly defined use cases and controlled operating environments. However, robotics has yet to make a large impact in domestic settings. This is due in part to the difficulty and complexity of designing mass-manufactured robots that can succeed in the variety of homes and environments that humans live in and that can operate safely in close proximity to humans. This paper explores the use of contextual affordances to enable safe exploration and learning in robotic scenarios targeted in the home. In particular, we propose a simple state representation that allows us to extend contextual affordances to larger state spaces and showcase how affordances can improve the success and convergence rate of a reinforcement learning algorithm in simulation. Our results suggest that after further iterations, it is possible to consider the implementation of this approach in a real robot manipulator. Furthermore, in the long term, this work could be the foundation for future explorations of human-robot interactions in complex domestic environments. This could be possible once state-of-the-art robot manipulators achieve the required level of dexterity for the described affordances in this paper., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures. Accepted at the 2nd Workshop on Human-aligned Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Agents and Robots HARL, at the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA, Yokohama, Japan, 2024
Published: 2024

37. Performance of the HAWC Observatory and TeV Gamma-Ray Measurements of the Crab Nebula with Improved Extensive Air Shower Reconstruction Algorithms

Author: Albert, A ., Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Andrés, A ., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Babu, R., Belmont-Moreno, E., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., de León, S. Coutiño, De la Fuente, E., de León, C., Depaoli, D., Di Lalla, N., Hernandez, R. Diaz, Dingus, B. L ., DuVernois, M. A., Engel, K., Ergin, T., Espinoza, C ., Fan, K. L., Fang, K., Fraija, N., Fraija, S., García-González, J. A., Garfias, F., Goksu, H ., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Groetsch, S., Harding, J. P., Hernández-Cadena, S., Herzog, I., Hinton, J ., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hüntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Kaufmann, S., Lara, A ., Lee, J., Vargas, H. León, Linnemann, J. T ., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Montes, J. A., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nellen, L., Nisa, M. U ., Noriega-Papaqui, R ., Olivera-Nieto, L ., Omodei, N., Osorio, M., Araujo, Y. Pérez, Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Ruiz-Velasco, E ., Salazar, H., Salazar-Gallegos, D., Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Schwefer, G ., Serna-Franco, J., Smith, A. J., Son, Y., Springer, R. W ., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Ureña-Mena, F., Varela, E ., Wang, X., Watson, I. J., Whitaker, K., Willox, E., Wu, H., Yu, S ., Yun-Cárcamo, S., and Zhou, H.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Gamma-Ray Observatory located on the side of the Sierra Negra volcano in Mexico, has been fully operational since 2015. The HAWC collaboration has recently significantly improved their extensive-air-shower reconstruction algorithms, which has notably advanced the observatory performance. The energy resolution for primary gamma rays with energies below 1~TeV was improved by including a noise-suppression algorithm. Corrections have also been made to systematic errors in direction fitting related to the detector and shower plane inclinations, $\mathcal{O}(0.1^{\circ})$ biases in highly inclined showers, as well as enhancements to the core reconstruction. The angular resolution for gamma rays approaching the HAWC array from large zenith angles ($> 37^{\circ}$) has improved by a factor of four at the highest energies ($> 70$~TeV) as compared to previous reconstructions. The inclusion of a lateral distribution function fit to the extensive air shower footprint on the array to separate gamma-ray primaries from cosmic-ray ones, based on the resulting $\chi^{2}$ values, improved the background rejection performance at all inclinations. At large zenith angles, the improvement in significance is a factor of four compared to previous HAWC publications. These enhancements have been verified by observing the Crab Nebula, which is an overhead source for the HAWC Observatory. We show that the sensitivity to Crab-like point sources ($E^{-2.63}$) with locations overhead to 30$^{\circ}$ zenith is comparable or less than 10\% of the Crab Nebula's flux between 2 and 50~TeV. Thanks to these improvements, HAWC can now detect more sources, including the Galactic Center.
Published: 2024

38. Logic-Based Discrete-Steepest Descent: A Solution Method for Process Synthesis Generalized Disjunctive Programs

Author: Ovalle, Daniel, Liñán, David A., Lee, Albert, Gómez, Jorge M., Ricardez-Sandoval, Luis, Grossmann, Ignacio E., and Neira, David E. Bernal
Subjects: Mathematics - Optimization and Control
Abstract: The optimization of chemical processes is challenging due to the nonlinearities arising from process physics and discrete design decisions. In particular, optimal synthesis and design of chemical processes can be posed as a Generalized Disjunctive Programming (GDP) superstructure problem. Various solution methods are available to address these problems, such as reformulating them as Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) problems; nevertheless, algorithms explicitly designed to solve the GDP problem and potentially leverage its structure remain scarce. This paper presents the Logic-based Discrete-Steepest Descent Algorithm (LD-SDA) as a solution method for GDP problems involving ordered Boolean variables. The LD-SDA reformulates these ordered Boolean variables into integer decisions called external variables. The LD-SDA solves the reformulated GDP problem using a two-level decomposition approach where the upper-level subproblem determines external variable configurations. Subsequently, the remaining continuous and discrete variables are solved as a subproblem only involving those constraints relevant to the given external variable arrangement, effectively taking advantage of the structure of the GDP problem. The advantages of LD-SDA are illustrated through a batch processing case study, a reactor superstructure, a distillation column, and a catalytic distillation column, and its open-source implementation is available online. The results show convergence efficiency and solution quality improvements compared to conventional GDP and MINLP solvers., Comment: 34 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2024

39. Search for joint multimessenger signals from potential Galactic PeVatrons with HAWC and IceCube

Author: Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Babu, R., Belmont-Moreno, E., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., de León, S. Coutiño, De la Fuente, E., Depaoli, D., Di Lalla, N., Hernandez, R. Diaz, Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Engel, K., Ergin, T., Fan, K. L., Fang, K., Fraija, N., Fraija, S., García-González, J. A., Garfias, F., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Groetsch, S., Harding, J. P., Hernández-Cadena, S., Herzog, I., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hüntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Kaufmann, S., Lee, J., Vargas, H. León, Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Montes, J. A., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nellen, L., Omodei, N., Osorio, M., Araujo, Y. Pérez, Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Salazar, H., Salazar-Gallegos, D., Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Serna-Franco, J., Smith, A. J., Son, Y., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Ureña-Mena, F., Wang, X., Watson, I. J., Whitaker, K., Willox, E., Wu, H., Yun-Cárcamo, S., Zhou, H., de León, C., Abbasi, R., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Agarwalla, S. K., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Alameddine, J. M., Amin, N. M., Andeen, K., Argüelles, C., Ashida, Y., Athanasiadou, S., Ausborm, L., Axani, S. N., Bai, X., V., A. Balagopal, Baricevic, M., Barwick, S. W., Bash, S., Basu, V., Bay, R., Beatty, J. J., Tjus, J. Becker, Beise, J., Bellenghi, C., Benning, C., BenZvi, S., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Besson, D. Z., Blaufuss, E., Bloom, L., Blot, S., Bontempo, F., Motzkin, J. Y. Book, Meneguolo, C. Boscolo, Böser, S., Botner, O., Böttcher, J., Braun, J., Brinson, B., Brostean-Kaiser, J., Brusa, L., Burley, R. T., Butterfield, D., Campana, M. A., Caracas, I., Carloni, K., Carpio, J., Chattopadhyay, S., Chau, N., Chen, Z., Chirkin, D., Choi, S., Clark, B. A., Coleman, A., Collin, G. H., Connolly, A., Conrad, J. M., Coppin, P., Corley, R., Correa, P., Cowen, D. F., Dave, P., De Clercq, C., DeLaunay, J. J., Delgado, D., Deng, S., Desai, A., Desiati, P., de Vries, K. D., de Wasseige, G., DeYoung, T., Diaz, A., Dierichs, P., Dittmer, M., Domi, A., Draper, L., Dujmovic, H., Dutta, K., DuVernois, M. A., Ehrhardt, T., Eidenschink, L., Eimer, A., Eller, P., Ellinger, E., Mentawi, S. El, Elsässer, D., Engel, R., Erpenbeck, H., Evans, J., Evenson, P. A., Farrag, K., Fazely, A. R., Fedynitch, A., Feigl, N., Fiedlschuster, S., Finley, C., Fischer, L., Fox, D., Franckowiak, A., Fukami, S., Fürst, P., Gallagher, J., Ganster, E., Garcia, A., Garcia, M., Garg, G., Genton, E., Gerhardt, L., Ghadimi, A., Girard-Carillo, C., Glaser, C., Glüsenkamp, T., Gonzalez, J. G., Goswami, S., Granados, A., Grant, D., Gray, S. J., Gries, O., Griffin, S., Griswold, S., Groth, K. M., Günther, C., Gutjahr, P., Ha, C., Haack, C., Hallgren, A., Halve, L., Halzen, F., Hamdaoui, H., Minh, M. Ha, Handt, M., Hanson, K., Hardin, J., Harnisch, A. A., Hatch, P., Haungs, A., Häußler, J., Helbing, K., Hellrung, J., Hermannsgabner, J., Heuermann, L., Heyer, N., Hickford, S., Hidvegi, A., Hill, C., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hori, S., Hoshina, K., Hostert, M., Hou, W., Huber, T., Hultqvist, K., Hünnefeld, M., Hussain, R., Hymon, K., Ishihara, A., Iwakiri, W., Jacquart, M., Janik, O., Jansson, M., Japaridze, G. S., Jeong, M., Jin, M., Jones, B. J. P., Kamp, N., Kang, D., Kang, W., Kang, X., Kappes, A., Kappesser, D., Kardum, L., Karg, T., Karl, M., Karle, A., Katil, A., Katz, U., Kauer, M., Kelley, J. L., Khanal, M., Zathul, A. Khatee, Kheirandish, A., Kiryluk, J., Klein, S. R., Kochocki, A., Koirala, R., Kolanoski, H., Kontrimas, T., Köpke, L., Kopper, C., Koskinen, D. J., Koundal, P., Kovacevich, M., Kowalski, M., Kozynets, T., Krishnamoorthi, J., Kruiswijk, K., Krupczak, E., Kumar, A., Kun, E., Kurahashi, N., Lad, N., Gualda, C. Lagunas, Lamoureux, M., Larson, M. J., Latseva, S., Lauber, F., Lazar, J. P., Lee, J. W., DeHolton, K. Leonard, Leszczyńska, A., Liao, J., Lincetto, M., Liu, Y. T., Liubarska, M., Lohfink, E., Love, C., Mariscal, C. J. Lozano, Lu, L., Lucarelli, F., Luszczak, W., Lyu, Y., Madsen, J., Magnus, E., Mahn, K. B. M., Makino, Y., Manao, E., Mancina, S., Sainte, W. Marie, Mariş, I. C., Marka, S., Marka, Z., Marsee, M., Martinez-Soler, I., Maruyama, R., Mayhew, F., McNally, F., Mead, J. V., Meagher, K., Mechbal, S., Medina, A., Meier, M., Merckx, Y., Merten, L., Micallef, J., Mitchell, J., Montaruli, T., Moore, R. W., Morii, Y., Morse, R., Moulai, M., Mukherjee, T., Naab, R., Nagai, R., Nakos, M., Naumann, U., Necker, J., Negi, A., Neste, L., Neumann, M., Niederhausen, H., Noda, K., Noell, A., Novikov, A., Pollmann, A. Obertacke, O'Dell, V., Oeyen, B., Olivas, A., Orsoe, R., Osborn, J., O'Sullivan, E., Pandya, H., Park, N., Parker, G. K., Paudel, E. N., Paul, L., Heros, C. Pérez de los, Pernice, T., Peterson, J., Philippen, S., Pizzuto, A., Plum, M., Pontén, A., Popovych, Y., Rodriguez, M. Prado, Pries, B., Procter-Murphy, R., Przybylski, G. T., Raab, C., Rack-Helleis, J., Ravn, M., Rawlins, K., Rechav, Z., Rehman, A., Reichherzer, P., Resconi, E., Reusch, S., Rhode, W., Riedel, B., Rifaie, A., Roberts, E. J., Robertson, S., Rodan, S., Roellinghoff, G., Rongen, M., Rosted, A., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Ruohan, L., Ryckbosch, D., Safa, I., Saffer, J., Sampathkumar, P., Sandrock, A., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Savelberg, J., Savina, P., Schaile, P., Schaufel, M., Schieler, H., Schindler, S., Schlüter, B., Schlüter, F., Schmeisser, N., Schmidt, T., Schneider, J., Schröder, F. G., Schumacher, L., Sclafani, S., Seckel, D., Seikh, M., Seo, M., Seunarine, S., Myhr, P. Sevle, Shah, R., Shefali, S., Shimizu, N., Silva, M., Skrzypek, B., Smithers, B., Snihur, R., Soedingrekso, J., Søgaard, A., Soldin, D., Soldin, P., Sommani, G., Spannfellner, C., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stezelberger, T., Stürwald, T., Stuttard, T., Sullivan, G. W., Taboada, I., Ter-Antonyan, S., Terliuk, A., Thiesmeyer, M., Thompson, W. G., Thwaites, J., Tilav, S., Tönnis, C., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Trettin, A., Turcotte, R., Twagirayezu, J. P., Elorrieta, M. A. Unland, Upadhyay, A. K., Upshaw, K., Vaidyanathan, A., Valtonen-Mattila, N., Vandenbroucke, J., van Eijndhoven, N., Vannerom, D., van Santen, J., Vara, J., Veitch-Michaelis, J., Venugopal, M., Vereecken, M., Verpoest, S., Veske, D., Vijai, A., Walck, C., Wang, A., Weaver, C., Weigel, P., Weindl, A., Weldert, J., Wen, A. Y., Wendt, C., Werthebach, J., Weyrauch, M., Whitehorn, N., Wiebusch, C. H., Williams, D. R., Witthaus, L., Wolf, A., Wolf, M., Wrede, G., Xu, X. W., Yanez, J. P., Yildizci, E., Yoshida, S., Young, R., Yu, S., Yuan, T., Zhang, Z., Zhelnin, P., Zilberman, P., and Zimmerman, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Galactic PeVatrons are sources that can accelerate cosmic rays to PeV energies. The high-energy cosmic rays are expected to interact with the surrounding ambient material or radiation, resulting in the production of gamma rays and neutrinos. To optimize for the detection of such associated production of gamma rays and neutrinos for a given source morphology and spectrum, a multi-messenger analysis that combines gamma rays and neutrinos is required. In this study, we use the Multi-Mission Maximum Likelihood framework (3ML) with IceCube Maximum Likelihood Analysis software (i3mla) and HAWC Accelerated Likelihood (HAL) to search for a correlation between 22 known gamma-ray sources from the third HAWC gamma-ray catalog and 14 years of IceCube track-like data. No significant neutrino emission from the direction of the HAWC sources was found. We report the best-fit gamma-ray model and 90% CL neutrino flux limit from the 22 sources. From the neutrino flux limit, we conclude that the gamma-ray emission from five of the sources can not be produced purely from hadronic interactions. We report the limit for the fraction of gamma rays produced by hadronic interactions for these five sources.
Published: 2024

40. $f(T)$ gravity after DESI Baryon Acoustic Oscillation and DES Supernovae 2024 data

Author: Escamilla-Rivera, Celia and Sandoval-Orozco, Rodrigo
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: In this work, we investigate new constraints on $f(T)$ gravity using the recent Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) data released by the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) and the Type Ia supernovae (SNIa) catalog from the full 5-years of the Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program (DES-SN5YR). The $f(T)$ cosmological models considered are characterised by power law late-time accelerated expansion. Our results show that the combination DESI BAO +$r_d$ CMB Planck suggests a Bayesian preference for late-time $f(T)$ cosmological models over $\Lambda$CDM, obtaining a value of $H_0= 68.3^{+3.0}_{-3.5}$[km/s/Mpc] in agreement with SH0ES collaboration, however, due to a bigger uncertainty., Comment: 5 pages, 3 tables and 1 figure. Version accepted in Journal of High Energy Astrophysics 2024
Published: 2024
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41. Beyond Schwarzschild: New Pulsating Coordinates for Spherically Symmetric Metrics

Author: León, E. A., Nieto, J. A., Sandoval-Rodríguez, A., and Martínez-Olivas, B.
Subjects: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Theory, Mathematical Physics, 83C15
Abstract: Starting from a general transformation for spherically symmetric metrics where g\_11=-1/g\_00, we analyze coordinates with the common property of conformal flatness at constant solid angle element. Three general possibilities arise: one where tortoise coordinate appears as the unique solution, other that includes Kruskal-Szekeres coordinates as a very specific case, but that also allows other similar transformations, and finally a new set of coordinates with very different properties than the other two. In particular, this represents any causal patch of the spherically symmetric metrics in a compactified form. We analyze some relations, taking the Schwarzschild case as prototype, but also contrasting the cosmological de-Sitter and Anti-de-Sitter solutions for the new proposed pulsating coordinates., Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures. Preliminar result was presented in GRG23 Conference (China, 2022). Find the published version (DOI below), improving interpretations and a result about AdS Spacetime in: https://rdcu.be/dz1ftrdcu.be/dz1ft
Published: 2024
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42. Understanding and Shaping Human-Technology Assemblages in the Age of Generative AI

Author: Andres, Josh, Danta, Chris, Bianchi, Andrea, Hong, Sungyeon, Li, Zhuying, Sandoval, Eduardo B., Martin, Charles, and Cooper, Ned
Subjects: Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract: Generative AI capabilities are rapidly transforming how we perceive, interact with, and relate to machines. This one-day workshop invites HCI researchers, designers, and practitioners to imaginatively inhabit and explore the possible futures that might emerge from humans combining generative AI capabilities into everyday technologies at massive scale. Workshop participants will craft stories, visualisations, and prototypes through scenario-based design to investigate these possible futures, resulting in the production of an open-annotated scenario library and a journal or interactions article to disseminate the findings. We aim to gather the DIS community knowledge to explore, understand and shape the relations this new interaction paradigm is forging between humans, their technologies and the environment in safe, sustainable, enriching, and responsible ways.
Published: 2024

43. Simultaneous Chandra and HST observations of the quiescent neutron-star low-mass X-ray binaries in 47 Tucanae

Author: Berg, Maureen van den, Sandoval, Liliana Rivera, Heinke, Craig O., Cohn, Haldan N., Lugger, Phyllis M., Grindlay, Jonathan E., Edmonds, Peter D., Anderson, Jay, and Catuneanu, Andrei
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We present simultaneous Chandra X-ray Observatory and Hubble Space Telescope observations of three certain (X5, X7, W37) and two likely (X4, W17) quiescent neutron-star low-mass X-ray binaries (qLMXBs) in the globular cluster 47 Tuc. We study these systems in the X-ray, optical and near-ultraviolet (NUV) using the simultaneous data and additional non-contemporaneous HST data. We have discovered a blue and variable NUV counterpart to W17. We have not securely identified the eclipsing qLMXB W37 in the optical or NUV. Deeper high-resolution imaging is needed to further investigate the faint NUV excess near the centre of the W37 error circle. We suggest that a previously identified optical astrometric match to X7 is likely the true counterpart. The Halpha emission and the location of the counterpart in the colour-magnitude diagram, indicate that the secondary is probably a non-degenerate, H-rich star. This is consistent with previous results from fitting X7's X-ray spectrum. In X4, the simultaneous X-ray and optical behaviour supports the earlier suggestion that the X-ray variability is driven by changes in accretion rate. The X-ray eclipses in X5 coincide with minima in the optical/NUV light curves. Comparison of the 47 Tuc qLMXBs with the cataclysmic variables (CVs) in the cluster confirms that overall the qLMXBs have larger X-ray-to-optical flux ratios. Based on their optical/NUV colors, we conclude that the accretion disks in the qLMXBs are less prominent than in CVs. This makes the ratio of X-ray flux to excess blue optical flux a powerful discriminator between CVs and qLMXBs., Comment: accepted by MNRAS
Published: 2024

44. Preservation of scalar spin chirality across a metallic spacer in synthetic antiferromagnets with chiral interlayer interactions

Author: Sandoval, Miguel A. Cascales, Hierro-Rodríguez, A., Ruiz-Gómez, S., Skoric, L., Niño, M. A., McVitie, S., Flewett, S., Foerster, M., Vedmedenko, Elena Y., Jaouen, N., and Fernández-Pacheco, A.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract: Chiral magnetic textures are key for the development of modern spintronic devices. In multilayered thin films, these are typically stabilized via the interfacial intralayer Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). Additionally, it has been recently observed that DMI may also promote vector spin chirality along the third dimension, coupling spins in different magnetic layers via non-magnetic spacer layers, an effect referred to as interlayer DMI (IL-DMI). This interaction holds promise for 3D nanomagnetism, from the creation of 3D spin structures such as hopfions to new forms of magnetic functionality in the vertical direction via remote control of chiral spin states. Here, we investigate via magnetic X-ray scattering and imaging techniques the chiral nature of orthogonal magnetic states that form in a synthetic antiferromagnet with IL-DMI. We find that the vector spin chirality of the textures formed in an in-plane layer is determined by the net out-of-plane spin configuration of a neighboring layer, leading as a result to complex spin states across a metallic interface where the overall scalar spin chirality is preserved. This work thus uncovers a new flavor of chiral interlayer interactions, demonstrating new ways to control magnetic chirality in three dimensions.
Published: 2024

45. ALMA-IMF XIII: N$_2$H$^+$ kinematic analysis on the intermediate protocluster G353.41

Author: Álvarez-Gutiérrez, R. H., Stutz, A. M., Sandoval-Garrido, N., Louvet, F., Motte, F., Galván-Madrid, R., Cunningham, N., Sanhueza, P., Bonfand, M., Bontemps, S., Gusdorf, A., Ginsburg, A., Csengeri, T., Reyes, S. D., Salinas, J., Baug, T., Bronfman, L., Busquet, G., Díaz-González, D. J., Fernandez-Lopez, M., Guzmán, A., Koley, A., Liu, H. -L., Olguin, F. A., Valeille-Manet, M., and Wyrowski, F.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The ALMA-IMF Large Program provides multi-tracer observations of 15 Galactic massive protoclusters at matched sensitivity and spatial resolution. We focus on the dense gas kinematics of the G353.41 protocluster traced by N$_2$H$^+$ (1$-$0), with an spatial resolution $\sim$0.02 pc. G353.41, at a distance of $\sim$2 kpc, has a mass of $\sim$2500 M$_{\odot}$ within $1.3\times1.3$ pc$^2$. We extract the N$_2$H$^+$ isolated line component and we decompose it by fitting up to 3 Gaussian velocity components. This allows us to identify velocity structures that are impossible to identify in the traditional position-velocity diagram. We identify multiple velocity gradients on large ($\sim$1 pc) and small scales ($\sim$0.2 pc). We find good agreement between the N$_2$H$^+$ velocities and the previously reported DCN core velocities, suggesting that cores are kinematically coupled to the dense gas in which they form. We measure 9 converging ``V-shaped'' velocity gradients ($\sim20$ km/s/pc), located in filaments, which are sometimes associated with cores near their point of convergence. The average inflow timescale is $\sim67$ kyr, or about twice the free-fall time of cores in the same area ($\sim33$ kyr) but substantially shorter than protostar lifetime estimates ($\sim$0.5 Myr). We derive mass accretion rates in the range of $(0.35-8.77)\,\times\,10^{-4}$ M$_{\odot}$/yr. This feeding might lead to further filament collapse and formation of new cores. We suggest that the protocluster is collapsing on large scales, but the velocity signature of collapse is slow compared to pure free-fall. These data are consistent with a comparatively slow global protocluster contraction under gravity, and faster core formation within, suggesting the formation of multiple generations of stars over the protocluster lifetime., Comment: Accepted in A&A, 22 pages, 21 figures, 1 interactive figure, 4 tables
Published: 2024
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46. Reevaluating the Origin of Detectable Cataclysmic Variables in Globular Clusters: Testing the Importance of Dynamics

Author: Sandoval, Liliana Rivera, Belloni, Diogo, and Arevalo, Miriam Ramos
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Based on the current detectable cataclysmic variable (CV) population in Galactic globular clusters (GCs), we show that there is not a clear relation between the number of sources per unit of mass and the stellar encounter rate, the cluster mass, or the cluster central density. If any, only in the case of core-collapsed GCs could there be an anticorrelation with the stellar encounter rate. Our findings contrast with previous studies where clear positive correlations were identified. Our results suggest that correlations between faint X-ray sources, from which often conclusions for the CV population are drawn, and the GC parameters considered here, are likely influenced by other type of X-ray sources, including other types of compact binaries, which have X-ray luminosities similar to CVs. The findings presented here also suggest that the role of primordial systems is more important than previously believed and that dynamical formation has less influence in the current detectable CV population. The long-standing paradigm that GCs are efficient factories of CVs formed via dynamical interactions does not seem to be supported by current observations., Comment: Published on ApJ Letters on March 27, 2024
Published: 2024
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47. Use of visible implant elastomer and its effect on the survival of an endangered minute salamander

Author: M. T. Oropeza–Sánchez, A. Sandoval–Comte, P. García–Bañuelos, P. Hernández–López, and E. Pineda
Subjects: cautiverio, técnicas de marcaje, parvimolge townsendi, supervivencia, anfibios amenazados, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract: Utilización de implantes visibles de elastómero y sus efectos en la supervivencia de una salamandra enana en peligro de extinción El estudio poblacional de especies amenazadas requiere técnicas de marcaje que no afecten a la supervivencia de los individuos. En este estudio, evaluamos la efectividad de los implantes visibles de elastómero (VIE, en sus siglas en inglés) en la identificación y supervivencia de individuos de la salamandra Parvimolge townsendi. Comparamos tres grupos de salamandras sometidos a diferentes tratamientos: Intervenido, Intervención Simulada y Testigo. No se observaron diferencias de mortalidad entre los grupos (con dos, ninguno y un individuo, respectivamente), pero se observó la migración del implante en cuatro de los 10 individuos intervenidos. Aunque los VIE no tienen un efecto significativo en la supervivencia, debería considerarse la migración de los implantes antes de emplearlos en estudios poblacionales.
Published: 2020
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48. Studies of J/ψ production at forward rapidity in Pb–Pb collisions at s NN $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} $$ = 5.02 TeV

Author: The ALICE collaboration, S. Acharya, D. Adamová, S. P. Adhya, A. Adler, J. Adolfsson, M. M. Aggarwal, G. Aglieri Rinella, M. Agnello, N. Agrawal, Z. Ahammed, S. Ahmad, S. U. Ahn, A. Akindinov, M. Al-Turany, S. N. Alam, D. S. D. Albuquerque, D. Aleksandrov, B. Alessandro, H. M. Alfanda, R. Alfaro Molina, B. Ali, Y. Ali, A. Alici, A. Alkin, J. Alme, T. Alt, L. Altenkamper, I. Altsybeev, M. N. Anaam, C. Andrei, D. Andreou, H. A. Andrews, A. Andronic, M. Angeletti, V. Anguelov, C. Anson, T. Antičić, F. Antinori, P. Antonioli, R. Anwar, N. Apadula, L. Aphecetche, H. Appelshäuser, S. Arcelli, R. Arnaldi, M. Arratia, I. C. Arsene, M. Arslandok, A. Augustinus, R. Averbeck, S. Aziz, M. D. Azmi, A. Badalà, Y. W. Baek, S. Bagnasco, X. Bai, R. Bailhache, R. Bala, A. Baldisseri, M. Ball, S. Balouza, R. C. Baral, R. Barbera, L. Barioglio, G. G. Barnaföldi, L. S. Barnby, V. Barret, P. Bartalini, K. Barth, E. Bartsch, F. Baruffaldi, N. Bastid, S. Basu, G. Batigne, B. Batyunya, P. C. Batzing, D. Bauri, J. L. Bazo Alba, I. G. Bearden, C. Bedda, N. K. Behera, I. Belikov, F. Bellini, R. Bellwied, V. Belyaev, G. Bencedi, S. Beole, A. Bercuci, Y. Berdnikov, D. Berenyi, R. A. Bertens, D. Berzano, M. G. Besoiu, L. Betev, A. Bhasin, I. R. Bhat, M. A. Bhat, H. Bhatt, B. Bhattacharjee, A. Bianchi, L. Bianchi, N. Bianchi, J. Bielčík, J. Bielčíková, A. Bilandzic, G. Biro, R. Biswas, S. Biswas, J. T. Blair, D. Blau, C. Blume, G. Boca, F. Bock, A. Bogdanov, L. Boldizsár, A. Bolozdynya, M. Bombara, G. Bonomi, H. Borel, A. Borissov, M. Borri, H. Bossi, E. Botta, L. Bratrud, P. Braun-Munzinger, M. Bregant, T. A. Broker, M. Broz, E. J. Brucken, E. Bruna, G. E. Bruno, M. D. Buckland, D. Budnikov, H. Buesching, S. Bufalino, O. Bugnon, P. Buhler, P. Buncic, Z. Buthelezi, J. B. Butt, J. T. Buxton, S. A. Bysiak, D. Caffarri, A. Caliva, E. Calvo Villar, R. S. Camacho, P. Camerini, A. A. Capon, F. Carnesecchi, J. Castillo Castellanos, A. J. Castro, E. A. R. Casula, F. Catalano, C. Ceballos Sanchez, P. Chakraborty, S. Chandra, B. Chang, W. Chang, S. Chapeland, M. Chartier, S. Chattopadhyay, A. Chauvin, C. Cheshkov, B. Cheynis, V. Chibante Barroso, D. D. Chinellato, S. Cho, P. Chochula, T. Chowdhury, P. Christakoglou, C. H. Christensen, P. Christiansen, T. Chujo, C. Cicalo, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, J. Cleymans, F. Colamaria, D. Colella, A. Collu, M. Colocci, M. Concas, G. Conesa Balbastre, Z. Conesa del Valle, G. Contin, J. G. Contreras, T. M. Cormier, Y. Corrales Morales, P. Cortese, M. R. Cosentino, F. Costa, S. Costanza, P. Crochet, E. Cuautle, P. Cui, L. Cunqueiro, D. Dabrowski, T. Dahms, A. Dainese, F. P. A. Damas, S. Dani, M. C. Danisch, A. Danu, D. Das, I. Das, P. Das, S. Das, A. Dash, S. Dash, A. Dashi, S. De, A. De Caro, G. de Cataldo, C. de Conti, J. de Cuveland, A. De Falco, D. De Gruttola, N. De Marco, S. De Pasquale, R. D. De Souza, S. Deb, H. F. Degenhardt, K. R. Deja, A. Deloff, S. Delsanto, D. Devetak, P. Dhankher, D. Di Bari, A. Di Mauro, R. A. 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Vallero, N. van der Kolk, L. V. R. van Doremalen, M. van Leeuwen, P. Vande Vyvre, D. Varga, Z. Varga, M. Varga-Kofarago, A. Vargas, M. Vargyas, R. Varma, M. Vasileiou, A. Vasiliev, O. Vázquez Doce, V. Vechernin, A. M. Veen, E. Vercellin, S. Vergara Limón, L. Vermunt, R. Vernet, R. Vértesi, M. G. D. L. C. Vicencio, L. Vickovic, J. Viinikainen, Z. Vilakazi, O. Villalobos Baillie, A. Villatoro Tello, G. Vino, A. Vinogradov, T. Virgili, V. Vislavicius, A. Vodopyanov, B. Volkel, M. A. Völkl, K. Voloshin, S. A. Voloshin, G. Volpe, B. von Haller, I. Vorobyev, D. Voscek, J. Vrláková, B. Wagner, M. Weber, S. G. Weber, A. Wegrzynek, D. F. Weiser, S. C. Wenzel, J. P. Wessels, E. Widmann, J. Wiechula, J. Wikne, G. Wilk, J. Wilkinson, G. A. Willems, E. Willsher, B. Windelband, W. E. Witt, Y. Wu, R. Xu, S. Yalcin, K. Yamakawa, S. Yang, S. Yano, Z. Yin, H. Yokoyama, I.-K. Yoo, J. H. Yoon, S. Yuan, A. Yuncu, V. Yurchenko, V. Zaccolo, A. Zaman, C. Zampolli, H. J. C. Zanoli, N. Zardoshti, A. Zarochentsev, P. Závada, N. Zaviyalov, H. Zbroszczyk, M. Zhalov, X. Zhang, Z. Zhang, C. Zhao, V. Zherebchevskii, N. Zhigareva, D. Zhou, Y. Zhou, Z. Zhou, J. Zhu, Y. Zhu, A. Zichichi, M. B. Zimmermann, G. Zinovjev, and N. Zurlo
Subjects: Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments), Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract The inclusive J/ψ production in Pb–Pb collisions at the center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair s NN $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} $$ = 5.02 TeV, measured with the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC, is reported. The J/ψ meson is reconstructed via the dimuon decay channel at forward rapidity (2.5 < y < 4) down to zero transverse momentum. The suppression of the J/ψ yield in Pb–Pb collisions with respect to binary-scaled pp collisions is quantified by the nuclear modification factor (R AA). The R AA at s NN $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} $$ = 5.02 TeV is presented and compared with previous measurements at s NN $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} $$ = 2.76 TeV as a function of the centrality of the collision, and of the J/ψ transverse momentum and rapidity. The inclusive J/ψ RAA shows a suppression increasing toward higher transverse momentum, with a steeper dependence for central collisions. The modification of the J/ψ average transverse momentum and average squared transverse momentum is also studied. Comparisons with the results of models based on a transport equation and on statistical hadronization are carried out.
Published: 2020
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49. Measurement of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays as a function of multiplicity in p-Pb collisions at s NN $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} $$ = 5.02 TeV

Author: The ALICE collaboration, S. Acharya, D. Adamová, S. P. Adhya, A. Adler, J. Adolfsson, M. M. Aggarwal, G. Aglieri Rinella, M. Agnello, N. Agrawal, Z. Ahammed, S. Ahmad, S. U. Ahn, S. Aiola, A. Akindinov, M. Al-Turany, S. N. Alam, D. S. D. Albuquerque, D. Aleksandrov, B. Alessandro, H. M. Alfanda, R. Alfaro Molina, B. Ali, Y. Ali, A. Alici, A. Alkin, J. Alme, T. Alt, L. Altenkamper, I. Altsybeev, M. N. Anaam, C. Andrei, D. Andreou, H. A. Andrews, A. Andronic, M. Angeletti, V. Anguelov, C. Anson, T. Antičić, F. Antinori, P. Antonioli, R. Anwar, N. Apadula, L. Aphecetche, H. Appelshäuser, S. Arcelli, R. Arnaldi, M. Arratia, I. C. Arsene, M. Arslandok, A. Augustinus, R. Averbeck, S. Aziz, M. D. Azmi, A. Badalà, Y. W. Baek, S. Bagnasco, R. Bailhache, R. Bala, A. Baldisseri, M. Ball, R. C. Baral, R. Barbera, L. Barioglio, G. G. Barnaföldi, L. S. Barnby, V. Barret, P. Bartalini, K. Barth, E. Bartsch, F. Baruffaldi, N. Bastid, S. Basu, G. Batigne, B. Batyunya, P. C. Batzing, D. Bauri, J. L. Bazo Alba, I. G. Bearden, C. Bedda, N. K. Behera, I. Belikov, F. Bellini, R. Bellwied, V. Belyaev, G. Bencedi, S. Beole, A. Bercuci, Y. Berdnikov, D. Berenyi, R. A. Bertens, D. Berzano, L. Betev, A. Bhasin, I. R. Bhat, H. Bhatt, B. Bhattacharjee, A. Bianchi, L. Bianchi, N. Bianchi, J. Bielčík, J. Bielčíková, A. Bilandzic, G. Biro, R. Biswas, S. Biswas, J. T. Blair, D. Blau, C. Blume, G. Boca, F. Bock, A. Bogdanov, L. Boldizsár, A. Bolozdynya, M. Bombara, G. Bonomi, M. Bonora, H. Borel, A. Borissov, M. Borri, H. Bossi, E. Botta, C. Bourjau, L. Bratrud, P. Braun-Munzinger, M. Bregant, T. A. Broker, M. Broz, E. J. Brucken, E. Bruna, G. E. Bruno, M. D. Buckland, D. Budnikov, H. Buesching, S. Bufalino, O. Bugnon, P. Buhler, P. Buncic, O. Busch, Z. Buthelezi, J. B. Butt, J. T. Buxton, D. Caffarri, A. Caliva, E. Calvo Villar, R. S. Camacho, P. Camerini, A. A. Capon, F. Carnesecchi, J. Castillo Castellanos, A. J. Castro, E. A. R. Casula, F. Catalano, C. Ceballos Sanchez, P. 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R. van Doremalen, M. van Leeuwen, P. Vande Vyvre, D. Varga, M. Varga-Kofarago, A. Vargas, M. Vargyas, R. Varma, M. Vasileiou, A. Vasiliev, O. Vázquez Doce, V. Vechernin, A. M. Veen, E. Vercellin, S. Vergara Limón, L. Vermunt, R. Vernet, R. Vértesi, L. Vickovic, J. Viinikainen, Z. Vilakazi, O. Villalobos Baillie, A. Villatoro Tello, G. Vino, A. Vinogradov, T. Virgili, V. Vislavicius, A. Vodopyanov, B. Volkel, M. A. Völkl, K. Voloshin, S. A. Voloshin, G. Volpe, B. von Haller, I. Vorobyev, D. Voscek, J. Vrláková, B. Wagner, Y. Watanabe, M. Weber, S. G. Weber, A. Wegrzynek, D. F. Weiser, S. C. Wenzel, J. P. Wessels, U. Westerhoff, A. M. Whitehead, E. Widmann, J. Wiechula, J. Wikne, G. Wilk, J. Wilkinson, G. A. Willems, E. Willsher, B. Windelband, W. E. Witt, Y. Wu, R. Xu, S. Yalcin, K. Yamakawa, S. Yang, S. Yano, Z. Yin, H. Yokoyama, I.-K. Yoo, J. H. Yoon, S. Yuan, A. Yuncu, V. Yurchenko, V. Zaccolo, A. Zaman, C. Zampolli, H. J. C. Zanoli, N. Zardoshti, A. Zarochentsev, P. Závada, N. Zaviyalov, H. Zbroszczyk, M. Zhalov, X. Zhang, Z. Zhang, C. Zhao, V. Zherebchevskii, N. Zhigareva, D. Zhou, Y. Zhou, Z. Zhou, J. Zhu, Y. Zhu, A. Zichichi, M. B. Zimmermann, G. Zinovjev, and N. Zurlo
Subjects: Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments), Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract The multiplicity dependence of electron production from heavy-flavour hadron decays as a function of transverse momentum was measured in p-Pb collisions at s NN $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} $$ = 5.02 TeV using the ALICE detector at the LHC. The measurement was performed in the centre-of-mass rapidity interval −1.07 < y cms < 0.14 and transverse momentum interval 2 < p T < 16 GeV/c. The multiplicity dependence of the production of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays was studied by comparing the p T spectra measured for different multiplicity classes with those measured in pp collisions (Q pPb) and in peripheral p-Pb collisions (Q cp). The Q pPb results obtained are consistent with unity within uncertainties in the measured p T interval and event classes. This indicates that heavy-flavour decay electron production is consistent with binary scaling and independent of the geometry of the collision system. Additionally, the results suggest that cold nuclear matter effects are negligible within uncertainties, in the production of heavy-flavour decay electrons at midrapidity in p-Pb collisions.
Published: 2020
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50. Measurement of $$\Lambda $$ Λ (1520) production in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 7\ \hbox {TeV}$$ s=7TeV and p–Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 5.02\ \hbox {TeV}$$ sNN=5.02TeV

Author: S. Acharya, D. Adamová, S. P. Adhya, A. Adler, J. Adolfsson, M. M. Aggarwal, G. Aglieri Rinella, M. Agnello, N. Agrawal, Z. Ahammed, S. Ahmad, S. U. Ahn, A. Akindinov, M. Al-Turany, S. N. Alam, D. S. D. Albuquerque, D. Aleksandrov, B. Alessandro, H. M. Alfanda, R. Alfaro Molina, B. Ali, Y. Ali, A. Alici, A. Alkin, J. Alme, T. Alt, L. Altenkamper, I. Altsybeev, M. N. Anaam, C. Andrei, D. Andreou, H. A. Andrews, A. Andronic, M. Angeletti, V. Anguelov, C. Anson, T. Antičić, F. Antinori, P. Antonioli, R. Anwar, N. Apadula, L. Aphecetche, H. Appelshäuser, S. Arcelli, R. Arnaldi, M. Arratia, I. C. Arsene, M. Arslandok, A. Augustinus, R. Averbeck, S. Aziz, M. D. Azmi, A. Badalà, Y. W. Baek, S. Bagnasco, X. Bai, R. Bailhache, R. Bala, A. Baldisseri, M. Ball, S. Balouza, R. C. Baral, R. Barbera, L. Barioglio, G. G. Barnaföldi, L. S. Barnby, V. Barret, P. Bartalini, K. Barth, E. Bartsch, F. Baruffaldi, N. Bastid, S. Basu, G. Batigne, B. Batyunya, P. C. Batzing, D. Bauri, J. L. Bazo Alba, I. G. Bearden, C. Bedda, N. K. Behera, I. Belikov, F. Bellini, R. Bellwied, V. Belyaev, G. Bencedi, S. Beole, A. Bercuci, Y. Berdnikov, D. Berenyi, R. A. Bertens, D. Berzano, M. G. Besoiu, L. Betev, A. Bhasin, I. R. Bhat, M. A. Bhat, H. Bhatt, B. Bhattacharjee, A. Bianchi, L. Bianchi, N. Bianchi, J. Bielčík, J. Bielčíková, A. Bilandzic, G. Biro, R. Biswas, S. Biswas, J. T. Blair, D. Blau, C. Blume, G. Boca, F. Bock, A. Bogdanov, L. Boldizsár, A. Bolozdynya, M. Bombara, G. Bonomi, H. Borel, A. Borissov, M. Borri, H. Bossi, E. Botta, L. Bratrud, P. Braun-Munzinger, M. Bregant, T. A. Broker, M. Broz, E. J. Brucken, E. Bruna, G. E. Bruno, M. D. Buckland, D. Budnikov, H. Buesching, S. Bufalino, O. Bugnon, P. Buhler, P. Buncic, Z. Buthelezi, J. B. Butt, J. T. Buxton, S. A. Bysiak, D. Caffarri, A. Caliva, E. Calvo Villar, R. S. Camacho, P. Camerini, A. A. Capon, F. Carnesecchi, R. Caron, J. Castillo Castellanos, A. J. Castro, E. A. R. Casula, F. Catalano, C. Ceballos Sanchez, P. 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Kravčáková, L. Kreis, M. Krivda, F. Krizek, K. Krizkova Gajdosova, M. Krüger, E. Kryshen, M. Krzewicki, A. M. Kubera, V. Kučera, C. Kuhn, P. G. Kuijer, L. Kumar, S. Kumar, S. Kundu, P. Kurashvili, A. Kurepin, A. B. Kurepin, A. Kuryakin, S. Kushpil, J. Kvapil, M. J. Kweon, J. Y. Kwon, Y. Kwon, S. L. La Pointe, P. La Rocca, Y. S. Lai, R. Langoy, K. Lapidus, A. Lardeux, P. Larionov, E. Laudi, R. Lavicka, T. Lazareva, R. Lea, L. Leardini, S. Lee, F. Lehas, S. Lehner, J. Lehrbach, R. C. Lemmon, I. León Monzón, E. D. Lesser, M. Lettrich, P. Lévai, X. Li, X. L. Li, J. Lien, R. Lietava, B. Lim, S. Lindal, V. Lindenstruth, S. W. Lindsay, C. Lippmann, M. A. Lisa, V. Litichevskyi, A. Liu, S. Liu, W. J. Llope, I. M. Lofnes, V. Loginov, C. Loizides, P. Loncar, X. Lopez, E. López Torres, P. Luettig, J. R. Luhder, M. Lunardon, G. Luparello, A. Maevskaya, M. Mager, S. M. Mahmood, T. Mahmoud, A. Maire, R. D. Majka, M. Malaev, Q. W. Malik, L. Malinina, D. Mal’Kevich, P. Malzacher, G. Mandaglio, V. Manko, F. Manso, V. Manzari, Y. Mao, M. Marchisone, J. Mareš, G. V. Margagliotti, A. Margotti, J. Margutti, A. Marín, C. Markert, M. Marquard, N. A. Martin, P. Martinengo, J. L. Martinez, M. I. Martínez, G. Martínez García, M. Martinez Pedreira, S. Masciocchi, M. Masera, A. Masoni, L. Massacrier, E. Masson, A. Mastroserio, A. M. Mathis, O. Matonoha, P. F. T. Matuoka, A. Matyja, C. Mayer, M. Mazzilli, M. A. Mazzoni, A. F. Mechler, F. Meddi, Y. Melikyan, A. Menchaca-Rocha, C. Mengke, E. Meninno, M. Meres, S. Mhlanga, Y. Miake, L. Micheletti, M. M. Mieskolainen, D. L. Mihaylov, K. Mikhaylov, A. Mischke, A. N. Mishra, D. Miśkowiec, C. M. Mitu, A. Modak, N. Mohammadi, A. P. Mohanty, B. Mohanty, M. Mohisin Khan, M. Mondal, C. Mordasini, D. A. Moreira De Godoy, L. A. P. Moreno, S. Moretto, A. Morreale, A. Morsch, T. Mrnjavac, V. Muccifora, E. Mudnic, D. Mühlheim, S. Muhuri, J. D. Mulligan, M. G. Munhoz, K. Münning, R. H. Munzer, H. Murakami, S. Murray, L. Musa, J. Musinsky, C. J. Myers, J. W. Myrcha, B. Naik, R. Nair, B. K. Nandi, R. Nania, E. Nappi, M. U. Naru, A. F. Nassirpour, H. Natal da Luz, C. Nattrass, R. Nayak, T. K. Nayak, S. Nazarenko, A. Neagu, R. A. Negrao De Oliveira, L. Nellen, S. V. Nesbo, G. Neskovic, D. Nesterov, B. S. Nielsen, S. Nikolaev, S. Nikulin, V. Nikulin, F. Noferini, P. Nomokonov, G. Nooren, J. Norman, N. Novitzky, P. Nowakowski, A. Nyanin, J. Nystrand, M. Ogino, A. Ohlson, J. Oleniacz, A. C. Oliveira Da Silva, M. H. Oliver, C. Oppedisano, R. Orava, A. Ortiz Velasquez, A. Oskarsson, J. Otwinowski, K. Oyama, Y. Pachmayer, V. Pacik, D. Pagano, G. Paić, P. Palni, J. Pan, A. K. Pandey, S. Panebianco, P. Pareek, J. Park, J. E. Parkkila, S. Parmar, S. P. Pathak, R. N. Patra, B. Paul, H. Pei, T. Peitzmann, X. Peng, L. G. Pereira, H. Pereira Da Costa, D. Peresunko, G. M. Perez, E. Perez Lezama, V. Peskov, Y. Pestov, V. Petráček, M. Petrovici, R. P. Pezzi, S. Piano, M. Pikna, P. Pillot, L. O. D. L. Pimentel, O. Pinazza, L. Pinsky, C. Pinto, S. 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Rybicki, H. Rytkonen, S. Sadhu, S. Sadovsky, K. Šafařík, S. K. Saha, B. Sahoo, P. Sahoo, R. Sahoo, S. Sahoo, P. K. Sahu, J. Saini, S. Sakai, S. Sambyal, V. Samsonov, A. Sandoval, A. Sarkar, D. Sarkar, N. Sarkar, P. Sarma, V. M. Sarti, M. H. P. Sas, E. Scapparone, B. Schaefer, J. Schambach, H. S. Scheid, C. Schiaua, R. Schicker, A. Schmah, C. Schmidt, H. R. Schmidt, M. O. Schmidt, M. Schmidt, N. V. Schmidt, A. R. Schmier, J. Schukraft, Y. Schutz, K. Schwarz, K. Schweda, G. Scioli, E. Scomparin, M. Šefčík, J. E. Seger, Y. Sekiguchi, D. Sekihata, I. Selyuzhenkov, S. Senyukov, D. Serebryakov, E. Serradilla, P. Sett, A. Sevcenco, A. Shabanov, A. Shabetai, R. Shahoyan, W. Shaikh, A. Shangaraev, A. Sharma, H. Sharma, M. Sharma, N. Sharma, A. I. Sheikh, K. Shigaki, M. Shimomura, S. Shirinkin, Q. Shou, Y. Sibiriak, S. Siddhanta, T. Siemiarczuk, D. Silvermyr, C. Silvestre, G. Simatovic, G. Simonetti, R. Singh, V. K. Singh, V. Singhal, T. Sinha, B. Sitar, M. Sitta, T. B. Skaali, M. Slupecki, N. 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R. van Doremalen, M. van Leeuwen, P. Vande Vyvre, D. Varga, Z. Varga, M. Varga-Kofarago, A. Vargas, M. Vargyas, R. Varma, M. Vasileiou, A. Vasiliev, O. Vázquez Doce, V. Vechernin, A. M. Veen, E. Vercellin, S. Vergara Limón, L. Vermunt, R. Vernet, R. Vértesi, M. G. D. L. C. Vicencio, L. Vickovic, J. Viinikainen, Z. Vilakazi, O. Villalobos Baillie, A. Villatoro Tello, G. Vino, A. Vinogradov, T. Virgili, V. Vislavicius, A. Vodopyanov, B. Volkel, M. A. Völkl, K. Voloshin, S. A. Voloshin, G. Volpe, B. von Haller, I. Vorobyev, D. Voscek, J. Vrláková, B. Wagner, M. Weber, S. G. Weber, A. Wegrzynek, D. F. Weiser, S. C. Wenzel, J. P. Wessels, E. Widmann, J. Wiechula, J. Wikne, G. Wilk, J. Wilkinson, G. A. Willems, E. Willsher, B. Windelband, W. E. Witt, Y. Wu, R. Xu, S. Yalcin, K. Yamakawa, S. Yang, S. Yano, Z. Yin, H. Yokoyama, I.-K. Yoo, J. H. Yoon, S. Yuan, A. Yuncu, V. Yurchenko, V. Zaccolo, A. Zaman, C. Zampolli, H. J. C. Zanoli, N. Zardoshti, A. Zarochentsev, P. Závada, N. Zaviyalov, H. Zbroszczyk, M. Zhalov, X. Zhang, Z. Zhang, C. Zhao, V. Zherebchevskii, N. Zhigareva, D. Zhou, Y. Zhou, Z. Zhou, J. Zhu, Y. Zhu, A. Zichichi, M. B. Zimmermann, G. Zinovjev, N. Zurlo, and ALICE Collaboration
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract The production of the $$\Lambda $$ Λ (1520) baryonic resonance has been measured at midrapidity in inelastic pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 7\ \hbox {TeV}$$ s=7TeV and in p–Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 5.02\ \hbox {TeV}$$ sNN=5.02TeV for non-single diffractive events and in multiplicity classes. The resonance is reconstructed through its hadronic decay channel $$\Lambda $$ Λ (1520) $$\rightarrow \hbox {pK}^{-}$$ →pK- and the charge conjugate with the ALICE detector. The integrated yields and mean transverse momenta are calculated from the measured transverse momentum distributions in pp and p–Pb collisions. The mean transverse momenta follow mass ordering as previously observed for other hyperons in the same collision systems. A Blast-Wave function constrained by other light hadrons ($$\pi $$ π , K, $$\hbox {K}_{\mathrm{S}}^0$$ KS0 , p, $$\Lambda $$ Λ ) describes the shape of the $$\Lambda $$ Λ (1520) transverse momentum distribution up to $$3.5\ \hbox {GeV}/c$$ 3.5GeV/c in p–Pb collisions. In the framework of this model, this observation suggests that the $$\Lambda $$ Λ (1520) resonance participates in the same collective radial flow as other light hadrons. The ratio of the yield of $$\Lambda (1520)$$ Λ(1520) to the yield of the ground state particle $$\Lambda $$ Λ remains constant as a function of charged-particle multiplicity, suggesting that there is no net effect of the hadronic phase in p–Pb collisions on the $$\Lambda $$ Λ (1520) yield.
Published: 2020
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