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Abstract Somalia faces many challenges in providing adequate and accessible healthcare to its population, particularly in rural and remote areas. Lack of infrastructure, resources, and security hinders the delivery of quality health services and the prevention and control of diseases. However, modern technologies such as mobile phones, the Internet, and telemedicine offer new opportunities to digitize health care and improve health outcomes in Somalia. This paper explores the current state of healthcare in Somalia, the potential benefits, and challenges of using modern technologies to digitize healthcare, and the best practices and recommendations for implementing such technologies in the Somali context. This paper examines a telemedicine project that connects remote healthcare facilities with urban specialists. We assess its effectiveness and sustainability, showing its potential to improve healthcare in rural areas of Somalia. The review concludes that modern technologies can play a vital role in digitizing healthcare in Somalia, but they require careful planning, coordination, and evaluation to ensure their effectiveness and suitability.

Scorpion envenoming (SE) is a public health problem in developing countries. In Algeria, the population exposed to the risk of SE was estimated at 86.45% in 2019. Thus, the development of a vaccine to protect the exposed population against scorpion toxins would be a major advance in the fight against this disease.This work aimed to evaluate the immunoprotective effect of a Multiple Antigenic Peptide against the Aah II toxin of Androctonus australis hector scorpion, the most dangerous scorpion species in Algeria. The immunogen MAP1Aah2 was designed and tested accordingly. This molecule contains a B epitope, derived from Aah II toxin, linked by a spacer to a universal T epitope, derived from the tetanus toxin.The results showed that MAP1Aah2 was non-toxic despite the fact that its sequence was derived from Aah II toxin. The immunoenzymatic assay revealed that the 3 immunization regimens tested generated specific anti-MAP1Aah2 antibodies and cross-reacted with the toxin. Mice immunized with this immunogen were partially protected against mortality caused by challenge doses of 2 and 3 LD50 of the toxin. The survival rate and developed symptoms varied depending on the adjuvant and the challenge dose used. In the in vitro neutralization test, the immune sera of mice having received the immunogen with incomplete Freund’s adjuvant neutralized a challenge dose of 2 LD50.Hence, the concept of using peptide dendrimers, based on linear epitopes of scorpion toxins, as immunogens against the parent toxin was established. However, the protective properties of the tested immunogen require further optimizations.

Introduction: Surgical training traditionally adheres to the apprenticeship paradigm, potentially exposing trainees to an increased risk of complications stemming from their limited experience. To mitigate this risk, augmented and virtual reality have been considered, though their effectiveness is difficult to assess. Research question: The PASSION study seeks to investigate the improvement of manual dexterity following intensive training with neurosurgical simulators and to discern how surgeons' psychometric characteristics may influence their learning process and surgical performance. Material and methods: Seventy-two residents were randomized into the simulation group (SG) and control group (CG). The course spanned five days, commencing with assessment of technical skills in basic procedures within a wet-lab setting on day 1. Over the subsequent core days, the SG engaged in simulated procedures, while the CG carried out routine activities in an OR. On day 5, all residents' technical competencies were evaluated. Psychometric measures of all participants were subjected to analysis. Results: The SG demonstrated superior performance (p

Introduction: Several studies have highlighted the importance of these 3 concepts, which are probiotics, prebiotics and symbiotic in daily clinical practice. They play an important role in the treatment/prevention of several diseases and contribute to the proper functioning of the digestive and immune systems. Objective:The objective of our study is to describe and compare the evolution of the use of symbiotic by the Moroccan population based on the sales rate between the year 2020 and 2021.Methods:Data collection was carried outby a means of a questionnaire concerning 15 symbiotic products most used by the Moroccan population. Results: Our study suggests that some products have seen an increase in sales between 2020 and 2021, such as Lactobaciluscasei which reached 95,500 products in 2021 instead of 69,500 products in 2020,while the sale of the products decreased such as Bifidobacteriumlongum which reached 0 products in 2021 instead of 300 products in 2020, and according to the student test there is a significant difference between the average sales during the two successive years of 2020 and 2021(p=0,037).Conclusion:Ourresults show that the consumption and the use of symbiotic products by Moroccan populationhave shown significant differences. Keywords: Symbiotic, prebiotics, probiotics, sales, Moroccan population.

In the realm of computer vision, the integration of advanced techniques into the pre-processing of RGB-D camera inputs poses a significant challenge, given the inherent complexities arising from diverse environmental conditions and varying object appearances. Therefore, this paper introduces FusionVision, an exhaustive pipeline adapted for the robust 3D segmentation of objects in RGB-D imagery. Traditional computer vision systems face limitations in simultaneously capturing precise object boundaries and achieving high-precision object detection on depth maps, as they are mainly proposed for RGB cameras. To address this challenge, FusionVision adopts an integrated approach by merging state-of-the-art object detection techniques, with advanced instance segmentation methods. The integration of these components enables a holistic (unified analysis of information obtained from both color RGB and depth D channels) interpretation of RGB-D data, facilitating the extraction of comprehensive and accurate object information in order to improve post-processes such as object 6D pose estimation, Simultanious Localization and Mapping (SLAM) operations, accurate 3D dataset extraction, etc. The proposed FusionVision pipeline employs YOLO for identifying objects within the RGB image domain. Subsequently, FastSAM, an innovative semantic segmentation model, is applied to delineate object boundaries, yielding refined segmentation masks. The synergy between these components and their integration into 3D scene understanding ensures a cohesive fusion of object detection and segmentation, enhancing overall precision in 3D object segmentation.

Introduction: Breast milk is the only complete food source for infants under the age of six months, as it provides the bioactive nutrients needed to strengthen the infant's immune system, promote growth, and facilitate tissue repair. Despite the many benefits of colostrum, the National Demographic and Family Health Survey of 2018 revealed that only 42% of women in Morocco were breastfeeding within an hour of giving birth. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the factors influencing breastfeeding initiation after discharge within the maternity ward of the Provincial Hospital of Taza, in the Eastern Region of Morocco. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over a four-month period among 400 women who had given birth and were breastfeeding in the maternity ward of Ibn Baja Hospital, in the city of Taza. Questionnaires were filled out on site to collect socio-demographic, obstetric, and timely breastfeeding initiation data, as well as its determinants, before the mothers' discharge from the maternity ward. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: The participants in this study were all breastfeeding mothers who had given birth at full term. Their average age was 28.43±6.18 years, and 94.5% of them were housewives. Of these, 74% lived in rural areas, 49% lived in large families, and 48% had been married for over 5 years. The study found that only 37% of mothers initiated breastfeeding within the first hour, 78% had a vaginal delivery, and 71.5% of mothers had at least a primary education compared to 75% of fathers. Among the newborns, the majority (99.5%) had a birth weight exceeding 2.5 kgs, of which 52% were female. 66% of mothers reported having already experienced breastfeeding, and 48.5% had information about early breastfeeding. 64.5% of the respondents had made the decision to breastfeed their newborns during pregnancy. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed the involvement of six factors in the determination of early breastfeeding, namely mother's age, parents' education, sex of the newborn, prior knowledge about early breastfeeding, as well as whether or not the mother had already been breastfed by her mother. Conclusion: The study found that just 37% of mothers initiated breastfeeding within one hour of delivery. This highlights the strong association between early breastfeeding initiation and factors such as parental education, newborn sex, prior knowledge about early breastfeeding, and the mother's breastfeeding history. To promote early breastfeeding initiation, it is recommended that women of childbearing age receive education on the topic, particularly those who are less educated.

Dengue is a mosquitoborne viral disease common in regions with tropical climates. Worldwide annual dengue incidence is estimated at [approximately equal to]100 million diagnosed and [approximately equal to]300 million asymptomatic [...]

We investigated the effects of dengue virus (DENV) on semen using samples collected 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days after symptom onset from 10 infected volunteers on Réunion Island. We assessed characteristics of semen and reproductive hormones and isolated motile spermatozoa from semen. We assayed semen for DENV using reverse transcription PCR and searched for DENV RNA by virus isolation in Vero E6 cell cultures. Four volunteers had >1 DENV RNA-positive semen samples; 2 volunteers had DENV RNA–positive semen at day 15 and 1 at day 30. No motile sperm were DENV positive. After exposure to positive semen, few Vero E6 cells stained positive for DENV antigens, indicating low levels of replicative virus. We found DENV had shorter duration in semen than in blood. These findings support the possibilities that DENV is sexually transmissible for a short period after acute dengue illness and that acute dengue induces reversible alterations in sperm.

Abstract The polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) containing Cellulose triacetate as polymer base, 2-NPOE as a plasticizer, and Calix[4]resorcinarene (RC8) as a carrier were prepared and characterized. Microstructure and surface of PIMs were characterized by scanning electron microscope, FTIR, UV/vis spectroscopy, and Thermogravimetric Analysis, respectively. In order to obtain information on the composition and interactions that may manifest between the constituents of the membrane. The PIMs were applied in the elimination of Methylene Blue (MB) dye from model solution as synthetic aqueous wastewater. Furthermore, the effects of different parameters such as internal and external PIMs environment on the transport performance of MB were also investigated. The results confirming that the content of the carrier and plasticizer in the membrane had a significant impact on the property of PIMs. The transport of dye was in line with the first-order kinetics equation. The highest flux value "8.88 × 10–7 mol.m−2 s−1 " was obtained with a calix [4] resorcinarene as a transporter in polymer inclusion membrane at pH 11 in the feed and 0.3 M HCl in the stripping phase when MB initial concentration was 100 mg/L. The membrane has better stability under optimum conditions and maximum transport was observed after 30 h of permeation time.

The Açdif gold deposit is located in the Zenaga Inlier (central Anti-Atlas), approximately 120 km southwest of the city of Ouarzazate. It hosts gold mineralization associated with a shear zone affecting the metamorphic and magmatic formations of the Eburnean basement. It mainly consists of alternating micaschists, augen gneisses, and orthogneiss. These crystalline rock assemblages are intruded by a variety of granitoids. These are the Azguemerzi granitoids, which are locally affected by Eburnean deformation. Subsequently, these facies are intersected by a swarm of mafic dykes, which show a variety of rocks ranging from microgabbro-dolerite to quartz diorite. Detailed mapping, petro-mineralogical investigations, and geochemistry of the major and trace elements of these magmatic intrusions suggests the following: (i) for the granodiorite rocks (deposited before the basic dykes), a calc-alkaline affinity, with a chemical signature similar to a syn-collisional context; (ii) for mafic dykes, a contemporaneous emplacement of these mafic intrusions with an evolutionary process controlled by fractional crystallization of the same magma of continental tholeiites, whose chemical composition is comparable to that of enriched MORBs (EMORBs). These continental tholeiites are related to a distensive tectonic context that would have affected the Zenaga inlier prior to the Pan-African orogeny.