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1. Investigation on the origin of hot electrons in laser plasma interaction at shock ignition intensities

Author

G. Cristoforetti, F. Baffigi, D. Batani, R. Dudzak, R. Fedosejevs, E. D. Filippov, P. Gajdos, L. Juha, M. Khan, P. Koester, M. Krus, D. Mancelli, A. S. Martynenko, Ph. Nicolai, S. A. Pikuz, O. Renner, A. Tentori, L. Volpe, N. Woolsey, G. Zeraouli, and L. A. Gizzi

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Shock Ignition is a two-step scheme to reach Inertial Confinement Fusion, where the precompressed fuel capsule is ignited by a strong shock driven by a laser pulse at an intensity in the order of $$10^{16}$$ 10 16 W/cm $$^2$$ 2 . In this report we describe the results of an experiment carried out at PALS laser facility designed to investigate the origin of hot electrons in laser-plasma interaction at intensities and plasma temperatures expected for Shock Ignition. A detailed time- and spectrally-resolved characterization of Stimulated Raman Scattering and Two Plasmon Decay instabilities, as well as of the generated hot electrons, suggest that Stimulated Raman Scattering is the dominant source of hot electrons via the damping of daughter plasma waves. The temperature dependence of laser plasma instabilities was also investigated, enabled by the use of different ablator materials, suggesting that Two Plasmon Decay is damped at earlier times for higher plasma temperatures, accompanied by an earlier ignition of SRS. The identification of the predominant hot electron source and the effect of plasma temperature on laser plasma interaction, here investigated, are extremely useful for developing the mitigation strategies for reducing the impact of hot electrons on the fuel ignition.

Published
2023
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2. Characterization of hot electrons generated by laser–plasma interaction at shock ignition intensities

Author

E. D. Filippov, M. Khan, A. Tentori, P. Gajdos, A. S. Martynenko, R. Dudzak, P. Koester, G. Zeraouli, D. Mancelli, F. Baffigi, L. A. Gizzi, S. A. Pikuz, Ph.D. Nicolaï, N. C. Woolsey, R. Fedosejevs, M. Krus, L. Juha, D. Batani, O. Renner, and G. Cristoforetti

Subjects
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

In an experiment carried out at the Prague Asterix Laser System at laser intensities relevant to shock ignition conditions (I > 1016 W/cm2), the heating and transport of hot electrons were studied by using several complementary diagnostics, i.e., Kα time-resolved imaging, hard x-ray filtering (a bremsstrahlung cannon), and electron spectroscopy. Ablators with differing composition from low Z (parylene N) to high Z (nickel) were used in multilayer planar targets to produce plasmas with different coronal temperature and collisionality and modify the conditions of hot-electron generation. The variety of available diagnostics allowed full characterization of the population of hot electrons, retrieving their conversion efficiency, time generation and duration, temperature, and angular divergence. The obtained results are shown to be consistent with those from detailed simulations and similar inertial confinement fusion experiments. Based on the measured data, the advantages, reliability, and complementarity of the experimental diagnostics are discussed.

Published
2023
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3. Optimization of a laser plasma-based x-ray source according to WDM absorption spectroscopy requirements

Author

A. S. Martynenko, S. A. Pikuz, I. Yu. Skobelev, S. N. Ryazantsev, C. D. Baird, N. Booth, L. N. K. Döhl, P. Durey, A. Ya. Faenov, D. Farley, R. Kodama, K. Lancaster, P. McKenna, C. D. Murphy, C. Spindloe, T. A. Pikuz, and N. Woolsey

Subjects
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

X-ray absorption spectroscopy is a well-accepted diagnostic for experimental studies of warm dense matter. It requires a short-lived X-ray source of sufficiently high emissivity and without characteristic lines in the spectral range of interest. In the present work, we discuss how to choose an optimum material and thickness to get a bright source in the wavelength range 2 Å–6 Å (∼2 keV to 6 keV) by considering relatively low-Z elements. We demonstrate that the highest emissivity of solid aluminum and silicon foil targets irradiated with a 1-ps high-contrast sub-kJ laser pulse is achieved when the target thickness is close to 10 µm. An outer plastic layer can increase the emissivity even further.

Published
2021
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4. Precise wavelength measurements of potassium He- and Li-like satellites emitted from the laser plasma of a mineral target

Author

S. N. Ryazantsev, I. Yu. Skobelev, E. D. Filippov, A. S. Martynenko, M. D. Mishchenko, M. Krůs, O. Renner, and S. A. Pikuz

Subjects
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Atomic models of high-Z multicharged ions are extremely complex and require experimental validation. One way to do so is to crosscheck the predicted wavelengths of resonance transitions in He- and Li-like ions against precise spectroscopic measurements that use the spectral lines of H-like ions for spectra calibration; these reference data can be modeled with outstanding precision. However, for elements with Z of at least 15, it is quite difficult to create a hot dense plasma with a large concentration of H-like charge states. To mitigate this issue, the suggestion here is to use as laser targets particular minerals comprising elements with moderate (between 15 and 30) and low (less than 15) Z, with emission from the latter delivering perfect reference lines over a whole range of He- and Li-like moderate-Z emission under examination. This approach is implemented to measure the wavelengths of resonance transitions (1snp → 1s2 for n = 2, 3) in He-like K ions and their dielectronic satellites by irradiating plates of orthoclase (KAlSi3O8) with 0.5-kJ subnanosecond laser pulses. X-ray spectra of the laser-generated plasma contain the investigated lines of highly charged K ions together with precisely known reference lines of H-like Al and Si atoms. The K-shell spectral line wavelengths are measured with a precision of around 0.3 mÅ.

Published
2021
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5. Scintillation light detection in the 6-m drift-length ProtoDUNE Dual Phase liquid argon TPC

Author

A. Abed Abud, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, M. R. Adames, G. Adamov, M. Adamowski, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, A. Aduszkiewicz, J. Aguilar, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, B. Aimard, B. Ali-Mohammadzadeh, T. Alion, K. Allison, S. Alonso Monsalve, M. AlRashed, C. Alt, A. Alton, R. Alvarez, P. Amedo, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. Andreotti, M. Andrews, F. Andrianala, S. Andringa, N. Anfimov, A. Ankowski, M. Antoniassi, M. Antonova, A. Antoshkin, S. Antusch, A. Aranda-Fernandez, L. Arellano, L. O. Arnold, M. A. Arroyave, J. Asaadi, L. Asquith, A. Aurisano, V. Aushev, D. Autiero, V. Ayala Lara, M. Ayala-Torres, F. Azfar, A. Back, H. Back, J. J. Back, C. Backhouse, I. Bagaturia, L. Bagby, N. Balashov, S. Balasubramanian, P. Baldi, B. Baller, B. Bambah, F. Barao, G. Barenboim, P. Barham Alzas, G. Barker, W. Barkhouse, C. Barnes, G. Barr, J. Barranco Monarca, A. Barros, N. Barros, J. L. Barrow, A. Basharina-Freshville, A. Bashyal, V. Basque, C. Batchelor, E. Batista das Chagas, J. B. R. Battat, F. Battisti, F. Bay, M. C. Q. Bazetto, J. L. L. Bazo Alba, J. F. Beacom, E. Bechetoille, B. Behera, C. Beigbeder, L. Bellantoni, G. Bellettini, V. Bellini, O. Beltramello, N. Benekos, C. Benitez Montiel, F. Bento Neves, J. Berger, S. Berkman, P. Bernardini, R. M. Berner, A. Bersani, S. Bertolucci, M. Betancourt, A. Betancur Rodríguez, A. Bevan, Y. Bezawada, T. J. C. Bezerra, A. Bhardwaj, V. Bhatnagar, M. Bhattacharjee, D. Bhattarai, S. Bhuller, B. Bhuyan, S. Biagi, J. Bian, M. Biassoni, K. Biery, B. Bilki, M. Bishai, A. Bitadze, A. Blake, F. Blaszczyk, G. C. Blazey, E. Blucher, J. Boissevain, S. Bolognesi, T. Bolton, L. Bomben, M. Bonesini, M. Bongrand, C. Bonilla-Diaz, F. Bonini, A. Booth, F. Boran, S. Bordoni, A. Borkum, N. Bostan, P. Bour, C. Bourgeois, D. Boyden, J. Bracinik, D. Braga, D. Brailsford, A. Branca, A. Brandt, J. Bremer, D. Breton, C. Brew, S. J. Brice, C. Brizzolari, C. Bromberg, J. Brooke, A. Bross, G. Brunetti, M. Brunetti, N. Buchanan, H. Budd, I. Butorov, I. Cagnoli, T. Cai, D. Caiulo, R. Calabrese, P. Calafiura, J. Calcutt, M. Calin, S. Calvez, E. Calvo, A. Caminata, M. Campanelli, D. Caratelli, D. Carber, J. C. Carceller, G. Carini, B. Carlus, M. F. Carneiro, P. Carniti, I. Caro Terrazas, H. Carranza, T. Carroll, J. F. Castaño Forero, A. Castillo, C. Castromonte, E. Catano-Mur, C. Cattadori, F. Cavalier, G. Cavallaro, F. Cavanna, S. Centro, G. Cerati, A. Cervelli, A. Cervera Villanueva, M. Chalifour, A. Chappell, E. Chardonnet, N. Charitonidis, A. Chatterjee, S. Chattopadhyay, M. S. S. Chavarry Neyra, H. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Chen, Z. Chen, Z. Chen-Wishart, Y. Cheon, D. Cherdack, C. Chi, S. Childress, R. Chirco, A. Chiriacescu, G. Chisnall, K. Cho, S. Choate, D. Chokheli, P. S. Chong, A. Christensen, D. Christian, G. Christodoulou, A. Chukanov, M. Chung, E. Church, V. Cicero, P. Clarke, G. Cline, T. E. Coan, A. G. Cocco, J. A. B. Coelho, N. Colton, E. Conley, R. Conley, J. Conrad, M. Convery, S. Copello, P. Cova, L. Cremaldi, L. Cremonesi, J. I. Crespo-Anadón, M. Crisler, E. Cristaldo, J. Crnkovic, R. Cross, A. Cudd, C. Cuesta, Y. Cui, D. Cussans, O. Dalager, H. da Motta, L. Da Silva Peres, C. David, Q. David, G. S. Davies, S. Davini, J. Dawson, K. De, S. De, P. Debbins, I. De Bonis, M. P. Decowski, A. De Gouvêa, P. C. De Holanda, I. L. De Icaza Astiz, A. Deisting, P. De Jong, A. Delbart, D. Delepine, M. Delgado, A. Dell’Acqua, N. Delmonte, P. De Lurgio, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, D. M. DeMuth, S. Dennis, C. Densham, G. W. Deptuch, A. De Roeck, V. De Romeri, G. De Souza, R. Devi, R. Dharmapalan, M. Dias, F. Diaz, J. S. Díaz, S. Di Domizio, L. Di Giulio, P. Ding, L. Di Noto, G. Dirkx, C. Distefano, R. Diurba, M. Diwan, Z. Djurcic, D. Doering, S. Dolan, F. Dolek, M. Dolinski, L. Domine, Y. Donon, D. Douglas, D. Douillet, A. Dragone, G. Drake, F. Drielsma, L. Duarte, D. Duchesneau, K. Duffy, P. Dunne, B. Dutta, H. Duyang, O. Dvornikov, D. Dwyer, A. Dyshkant, M. Eads, A. Earle, D. Edmunds, J. Eisch, L. Emberger, S. Emery, P. Englezos, A. Ereditato, T. Erjavec, C. Escobar, G. Eurin, J. J. Evans, E. Ewart, A. C. Ezeribe, K. Fahey, A. Falcone, M. Fani’, C. Farnese, Y. Farzan, D. Fedoseev, J. Felix, Y. Feng, E. Fernandez-Martinez, P. Fernandez Menendez, M. Fernandez Morales, F. Ferraro, L. Fields, P. Filip, F. Filthaut, M. Fiorini, V. Fischer, R. S. Fitzpatrick, W. Flanagan, B. Fleming, R. Flight, S. Fogarty, W. Foreman, J. Fowler, W. Fox, J. Franc, K. Francis, D. Franco, J. Freeman, J. Freestone, J. Fried, A. Friedland, F. Fuentes Robayo, S. Fuess, I. K. Furic, K. Furman, A. P. Furmanski, A. Gabrielli, A. Gago, H. Gallagher, A. Gallas, A. Gallego-Ros, N. Gallice, V. Galymov, E. Gamberini, T. Gamble, F. Ganacim, R. Gandhi, R. Gandrajula, F. Gao, S. Gao, D. Garcia-Gamez, M. Á. García-Peris, S. Gardiner, D. Gastler, J. Gauvreau, G. Ge, N. Geffroy, B. Gelli, A. Gendotti, S. Gent, Z. Ghorbani-Moghaddam, P. Giammaria, T. Giammaria, N. Giangiacomi, D. Gibin, I. Gil-Botella, S. Gilligan, C. Girerd, A. K. Giri, D. Gnani, O. Gogota, M. Gold, S. Gollapinni, K. Gollwitzer, R. A. Gomes, L. V. Gomez Bermeo, L. S. Gomez Fajardo, F. Gonnella, D. Gonzalez-Diaz, M. Gonzalez-Lopez, M. C. Goodman, O. Goodwin, S. Goswami, C. Gotti, E. Goudzovski, C. Grace, R. Gran, E. Granados, P. Granger, A. Grant, C. Grant, D. Gratieri, P. Green, L. Greenler, J. Greer, J. Grenard, W. C. Griffith, M. Groh, J. Grudzinski, K. Grzelak, W. Gu, E. Guardincerri, V. Guarino, M. Guarise, R. Guenette, E. Guerard, M. Guerzoni, D. Guffanti, A. Guglielmi, B. Guo, A. Gupta, V. Gupta, K. K. Guthikonda, R. Gutierrez, P. Guzowski, M. M. Guzzo, S. Gwon, C. Ha, K. Haaf, A. Habig, H. Hadavand, R. Haenni, A. Hahn, J. Haiston, P. Hamacher-Baumann, T. Hamernik, P. Hamilton, J. Han, D. A. Harris, J. Hartnell, T. Hartnett, J. Harton, T. Hasegawa, C. Hasnip, R. Hatcher, K. W. Hatfield, A. Hatzikoutelis, C. Hayes, K. Hayrapetyan, J. Hays, E. Hazen, M. He, A. Heavey, K. M. Heeger, J. Heise, S. Henry, M. A. Hernandez Morquecho, K. Herner, J. Hewes, C. Hilgenberg, T. Hill, S. J. Hillier, A. Himmel, E. Hinkle, L. R. Hirsch, J. Ho, J. Hoff, A. Holin, E. Hoppe, G. A. Horton-Smith, M. Hostert, A. Hourlier, B. Howard, R. Howell, J. Hoyos, I. Hristova, M. S. Hronek, J. Huang, Z. Hulcher, G. Iles, N. Ilic, A. M. Iliescu, R. Illingworth, G. Ingratta, A. Ioannisian, B. Irwin, L. Isenhower, R. Itay, C. M. Jackson, V. Jain, E. James, W. Jang, B. Jargowsky, F. Jediny, D. Jena, Y. S. Jeong, C. Jesús-Valls, X. Ji, L. Jiang, S. Jiménez, A. Jipa, R. Johnson, W. Johnson, N. Johnston, B. Jones, S. Jones, M. Judah, C. K. Jung, T. Junk, Y. Jwa, M. Kabirnezhad, A. Kaboth, I. Kadenko, I. Kakorin, A. Kalitkina, D. Kalra, F. Kamiya, N. Kaneshige, D. M. Kaplan, G. Karagiorgi, G. Karaman, A. Karcher, M. Karolak, Y. Karyotakis, S. Kasai, S. P. Kasetti, L. Kashur, N. Kazaryan, E. Kearns, P. Keener, K. J. Kelly, E. Kemp, O. Kemularia, W. Ketchum, S. H. Kettell, M. Khabibullin, A. Khotjantsev, A. Khvedelidze, D. Kim, B. King, B. Kirby, M. Kirby, J. Klein, A. Klustova, T. Kobilarcik, K. Koehler, L. W. Koerner, D. H. Koh, S. Kohn, P. P. Koller, L. Kolupaeva, D. Korablev, M. Kordosky, T. Kosc, U. Kose, V. A. Kostelecký, K. Kothekar, R. Kralik, L. Kreczko, F. Krennrich, I. Kreslo, W. Kropp, T. Kroupova, S. Kubota, Y. Kudenko, V. A. Kudryavtsev, S. Kulagin, J. Kumar, P. Kumar, P. Kunze, N. Kurita, C. Kuruppu, V. Kus, T. Kutter, J. Kvasnicka, D. Kwak, A. Lambert, B. Land, C. E. Lane, K. Lang, T. Langford, M. Langstaff, J. Larkin, P. Lasorak, D. Last, A. Laundrie, G. Laurenti, A. Lawrence, I. Lazanu, R. LaZur, M. Lazzaroni, T. Le, S. Leardini, J. Learned, P. LeBrun, T. LeCompte, C. Lee, S. Y. Lee, G. Lehmann Miotto, R. Lehnert, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, M. Leitner, L. M. Lepin, S. W. Li, Y. Li, H. Liao, C. S. Lin, Q. Lin, S. Lin, R. A. Lineros, J. Ling, A. Lister, B. R. Littlejohn, J. Liu, Y. Liu, S. Lockwitz, T. Loew, M. Lokajicek, I. Lomidze, K. Long, T. Lord, J. M. LoSecco, W. C. Louis, X.-G. Lu, K. B. Luk, B. Lunday, X. Luo, E. Luppi, T. Lux, V. P. Luzio, J. Maalmi, D. MacFarlane, A. A. Machado, P. Machado, C. T. Macias, J. R. Macier, A. Maddalena, A. Madera, P. Madigan, S. Magill, K. Mahn, A. Maio, A. Major, J. A. Maloney, G. Mandrioli, R. C. Mandujano, J. Maneira, L. Manenti, S. Manly, A. Mann, K. Manolopoulos, M. Manrique Plata, V. N. Manyam, L. Manzanillas, M. Marchan, A. Marchionni, W. Marciano, D. Marfatia, C. Mariani, J. Maricic, R. Marie, F. Marinho, A. D. Marino, D. Marsden, M. Marshak, C. Marshall, J. Marshall, J. Marteau, J. Martín-Albo, N. Martinez, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, P. Martínez Miravé, S. Martynenko, V. Mascagna, K. Mason, A. Mastbaum, F. Matichard, S. Matsuno, J. Matthews, C. Mauger, N. Mauri, K. Mavrokoridis, I. Mawby, R. Mazza, A. Mazzacane, E. Mazzucato, T. McAskill, E. McCluskey, N. McConkey, K. S. McFarland, C. McGrew, A. McNab, A. Mefodiev, P. Mehta, P. Melas, O. Mena, H. Mendez, P. Mendez, D. P. Méndez, A. Menegolli, G. Meng, M. D. Messier, W. Metcalf, T. Mettler, M. Mewes, H. Meyer, T. Miao, G. Michna, T. Miedema, V. Mikola, R. Milincic, G. Miller, W. Miller, J. Mills, O. Mineev, A. Minotti, O. G. Miranda, S. Miryala, C. S. Mishra, S. R. Mishra, A. Mislivec, M. Mitchell, D. Mladenov, I. Mocioiu, K. Moffat, N. Moggi, R. Mohanta, T. A. Mohayai, N. Mokhov, J. Molina, L. Molina Bueno, E. Montagna, A. Montanari, C. Montanari, D. Montanari, L. M. Montañno Zetina, S. H. Moon, M. Mooney, A. F. Moor, D. Moreno, D. Moretti, C. Morris, C. Mossey, M. Mote, E. Motuk, C. A. Moura, J. Mousseau, G. Mouster, W. Mu, L. Mualem, J. Mueller, M. Muether, S. Mufson, F. Muheim, A. Muir, M. Mulhearn, D. Munford, H. Muramatsu, S. Murphy, J. Musser, J. Nachtman, S. Nagu, M. Nalbandyan, R. Nandakumar, D. Naples, S. Narita, A. Nath, A. Navrer-Agasson, N. Nayak, M. Nebot-Guinot, K. Negishi, J. K. Nelson, J. Nesbit, M. Nessi, D. Newbold, M. Newcomer, H. Newton, R. Nichol, F. Nicolas-Arnaldos, A. Nikolica, E. Niner, K. Nishimura, A. Norman, A. Norrick, R. Northrop, P. Novella, J. A. Nowak, M. Oberling, J. Ochoa-Ricoux, A. Olivier, A. Olshevskiy, Y. Onel, Y. Onishchuk, J. Ott, L. Pagani, G. Palacio, O. Palamara, S. Palestini, J. M. Paley, M. Pallavicini, C. Palomares, W. Panduro Vazquez, E. Pantic, V. Paolone, V. Papadimitriou, R. Papaleo, A. Papanestis, S. Paramesvaran, S. Parke, E. Parozzi, Z. Parsa, M. Parvu, S. Pascoli, L. Pasqualini, J. Pasternak, J. Pater, C. Patrick, L. Patrizii, R. B. Patterson, S. J. Patton, T. Patzak, A. Paudel, B. Paulos, L. Paulucci, Z. Pavlovic, G. Pawloski, D. Payne, V. Pec, S. J. M. Peeters, A. Pena Perez, E. Pennacchio, A. Penzo, O. L. G. Peres, J. Perry, D. Pershey, G. Pessina, G. Petrillo, C. Petta, R. Petti, V. Pia, F. Piastra, L. Pickering, F. Pietropaolo, V. L. Pimentel, G. Pinaroli, K. Plows, R. Plunkett, R. Poling, F. Pompa, X. Pons, N. Poonthottathil, F. Poppi, S. Pordes, J. Porter, M. Potekhin, R. Potenza, B. V. K. S. Potukuchi, J. Pozimski, M. Pozzato, S. Prakash, T. Prakash, M. Prest, S. Prince, F. Psihas, D. Pugnere, X. Qian, J. L. Raaf, V. Radeka, J. Rademacker, B. Radics, A. Rafique, E. Raguzin, M. Rai, M. Rajaoalisoa, I. Rakhno, A. Rakotonandrasana, L. Rakotondravohitra, R. Rameika, M. A. Ramirez Delgado, B. Ramson, A. Rappoldi, G. Raselli, P. Ratoff, S. Raut, R. F. Razakamiandra, E. M. Rea, J. S. Real, B. Rebel, R. Rechenmacher, M. Reggiani-Guzzo, J. Reichenbacher, S. D. Reitzner, H. Rejeb Sfar, A. Renshaw, S. Rescia, F. Resnati, M. Ribas, S. Riboldi, C. Riccio, G. Riccobene, L. C. J. Rice, J. S. Ricol, A. Rigamonti, Y. Rigaut, E. V. Rincón, H. Ritchie-Yates, D. Rivera, A. Robert, L. Rochester, M. Roda, P. Rodrigues, M. J. Rodriguez Alonso, E. Rodriguez Bonilla, J. Rodriguez Rondon, S. Rosauro-Alcaraz, M. Rosenberg, P. Rosier, B. Roskovec, M. Rossella, M. Rossi, J. Rout, P. Roy, A. Rubbia, C. Rubbia, B. Russell, D. Ruterbories, A. Rybnikov, A. Saa-Hernandez, R. Saakyan, S. Sacerdoti, T. Safford, N. Sahu, K. Sakashita, P. Sala, N. Samios, O. Samoylov, M. C. Sanchez, V. Sandberg, D. A. Sanders, D. Sankey, S. Santana, M. Santos-Maldonado, N. Saoulidou, P. Sapienza, C. Sarasty, I. Sarcevic, G. Savage, V. Savinov, A. Scaramelli, A. Scarff, A. Scarpelli, T. Schefke, H. Schellman, S. Schifano, P. Schlabach, D. Schmitz, A. W. Schneider, K. Scholberg, A. Schukraft, E. Segreto, A. Selyunin, C. R. Senise, J. Sensenig, A. Sergi, D. Sgalaberna, M. H. Shaevitz, S. Shafaq, F. Shaker, M. Shamma, R. Sharankova, H. R. Sharma, R. Sharma, R. K. Sharma, T. Shaw, K. Shchablo, C. Shepherd-Themistocleous, A. Sheshukov, S. Shin, I. Shoemaker, D. Shooltz, R. Shrock, H. Siegel, L. Simard, J. Sinclair, G. Sinev, J. Singh, L. Singh, P. Singh, V. Singh, R. Sipos, F. W. Sippach, G. Sirri, A. Sitraka, K. Siyeon, K. Skarpaas, A. Smith, E. Smith, P. Smith, J. Smolik, M. Smy, E. Snider, P. Snopok, D. Snowden-Ifft, M. Soares Nunes, H. Sobel, M. Soderberg, S. Sokolov, C. J. Solano Salinas, S. Söldner-Rembold, S. R. Soleti, N. Solomey, V. Solovov, W. E. Sondheim, M. Sorel, A. Sotnikov, J. Soto-Oton, F. A. Soto Ugaldi, A. Sousa, K. Soustruznik, F. Spagliardi, M. Spanu, J. Spitz, N. J. C. Spooner, K. Spurgeon, M. Stancari, L. Stanco, C. Stanford, R. Stein, H. M. Steiner, A. F. Steklain Lisbôa, J. Stewart, B. Stillwell, J. Stock, F. Stocker, T. Stokes, M. Strait, T. Strauss, L. Strigari, A. Stuart, J. G. Suarez, J. M. Suárez Sunción, H. Sullivan, D. Summers, A. Surdo, V. Susic, L. Suter, C. M. Sutera, R. Svoboda, B. Szczerbinska, A. M. Szelc, H. Tanaka, S. Tang, A. Tapia, B. Tapia Oregui, A. Tapper, S. Tariq, E. Tarpara, N. Tata, E. Tatar, R. Tayloe, A. M. Teklu, P. Tennessen, M. Tenti, K. Terao, C. A. Ternes, F. Terranova, G. Testera, T. Thakore, A. Thea, J. L. Thompson, C. Thorn, S. C. Timm, V. Tishchenko, L. Tomassetti, A. Tonazzo, D. Torbunov, M. Torti, M. Tortola, F. Tortorici, N. Tosi, D. Totani, M. Toups, C. Touramanis, R. Travaglini, J. Trevor, S. Trilov, W. H. Trzaska, Y. Tsai, Y.-T. Tsai, Z. Tsamalaidze, K. V. Tsang, N. Tsverava, S. Tufanli, C. Tull, E. Tyley, M. Tzanov, L. Uboldi, M. A. Uchida, J. Urheim, T. Usher, S. Uzunyan, M. R. Vagins, P. Vahle, S. Valder, G. D. A. Valdiviesso, E. Valencia, R. Valentim, Z. Vallari, E. Vallazza, J. W. F. Valle, S. Vallecorsa, R. Van Berg, R. G. Van de Water, D. Vanegas Forero, D. Vannerom, F. Varanini, D. Vargas Oliva, G. Varner, J. Vasel, S. Vasina, G. Vasseur, N. Vaughan, K. Vaziri, S. Ventura, A. Verdugo, S. Vergani, M. A. Vermeulen, M. Verzocchi, M. Vicenzi, H. Vieira de Souza, C. Vignoli, C. Vilela, B. Viren, T. Vrba, T. Wachala, A. V. Waldron, M. Wallbank, C. Wallis, H. Wang, J. Wang, L. Wang, M. H. L. S. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, K. Warburton, D. Warner, M. O. Wascko, D. Waters, A. Watson, K. Wawrowska, P. Weatherly, A. Weber, M. Weber, H. Wei, A. Weinstein, D. Wenman, M. Wetstein, A. White, L. H. Whitehead, D. Whittington, M. J. Wilking, A. Wilkinson, C. Wilkinson, Z. Williams, F. Wilson, R. J. Wilson, W. Wisniewski, J. Wolcott, T. Wongjirad, A. Wood, K. Wood, E. Worcester, M. Worcester, K. Wresilo, C. Wret, W. Wu, Y. Xiao, F. Xie, B. Yaeggy, E. Yandel, G. Yang, K. Yang, T. Yang, A. Yankelevich, N. Yershov, K. Yonehara, Y. S. Yoon, T. Young, B. Yu, H. Yu, J. Yu, Y. Yu, W. Yuan, R. Zaki, J. Zalesak, L. Zambelli, B. Zamorano, A. Zani, L. Zazueta, G. P. Zeller, J. Zennamo, K. Zeug, C. Zhang, S. Zhang, Y. Zhang, M. Zhao, E. Zhivun, G. Zhu, E. D. Zimmerman, S. Zucchelli, J. Zuklin, V. Zutshi, R. Zwaska, and DUNE Collaboration

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract DUNE is a dual-site experiment for long-baseline neutrino oscillation studies, neutrino astrophysics and nucleon decay searches. ProtoDUNE Dual Phase (DP) is a 6 $$\times $$ × 6 $$\times $$ × 6 m $$^3$$ 3 liquid argon time-projection-chamber (LArTPC) that recorded cosmic-muon data at the CERN Neutrino Platform in 2019–2020 as a prototype of the DUNE Far Detector. Charged particles propagating through the LArTPC produce ionization and scintillation light. The scintillation light signal in these detectors can provide the trigger for non-beam events. In addition, it adds precise timing capabilities and improves the calorimetry measurements. In ProtoDUNE-DP, scintillation and electroluminescence light produced by cosmic muons in the LArTPC is collected by photomultiplier tubes placed up to 7 m away from the ionizing track. In this paper, the ProtoDUNE-DP photon detection system performance is evaluated with a particular focus on the different wavelength shifters, such as PEN and TPB, and the use of Xe-doped LAr, considering its future use in giant LArTPCs. The scintillation light production and propagation processes are analyzed and a comparison of simulation to data is performed, improving understanding of the liquid argon properties.

Published
2022
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6. Long-baseline neutrino oscillation physics potential of the DUNE experiment

Author

B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, G. Adamov, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, T. Alion, S. Alonso Monsalve, C. Alt, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. P. Andrews, F. Andrianala, S. Andringa, A. Ankowski, M. Antonova, S. Antusch, A. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, L. O. Arnold, M. A. Arroyave, J. Asaadi, A. Aurisano, V. Aushev, D. Autiero, F. Azfar, H. Back, J. J. Back, C. Backhouse, P. Baesso, L. Bagby, R. Bajou, S. Balasubramanian, P. Baldi, B. Bambah, F. Barao, G. Barenboim, G. J. Barker, W. Barkhouse, C. Barnes, G. Barr, J. Barranco Monarca, N. Barros, J. L. Barrow, A. Bashyal, V. Basque, F. Bay, J. L. Bazo Alba, J. F. Beacom, E. Bechetoille, B. Behera, L. Bellantoni, G. Bellettini, V. Bellini, O. Beltramello, D. Belver, N. Benekos, F. Bento Neves, J. Berger, S. Berkman, P. Bernardini, R. M. Berner, H. Berns, S. Bertolucci, M. Betancourt, Y. Bezawada, M. Bhattacharjee, B. Bhuyan, S. Biagi, J. Bian, M. Biassoni, K. Biery, B. Bilki, M. Bishai, A. Bitadze, A. Blake, B. Blanco Siffert, F. D. M. Blaszczyk, G. C. Blazey, E. Blucher, J. Boissevain, S. Bolognesi, T. Bolton, M. Bonesini, M. Bongrand, F. Bonini, A. Booth, C. Booth, S. Bordoni, A. Borkum, T. Boschi, N. Bostan, P. Bour, S. B. Boyd, D. Boyden, J. Bracinik, D. Braga, D. Brailsford, A. Brandt, J. Bremer, C. Brew, E. Brianne, S. J. Brice, C. Brizzolari, C. Bromberg, G. Brooijmans, J. Brooke, A. Bross, G. Brunetti, N. Buchanan, H. Budd, D. Caiulo, P. Calafiura, J. Calcutt, M. Calin, S. Calvez, E. Calvo, L. Camilleri, A. Caminata, M. Campanelli, D. Caratelli, G. Carini, B. Carlus, P. Carniti, I. Caro Terrazas, H. Carranza, A. Castillo, C. Castromonte, C. Cattadori, F. Cavalier, F. Cavanna, S. Centro, G. Cerati, A. Cervelli, A. Cervera Villanueva, M. Chalifour, C. Chang, E. Chardonnet, A. Chatterjee, S. Chattopadhyay, J. Chaves, H. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Chen, D. Cherdack, C. Chi, S. Childress, A. Chiriacescu, K. Cho, S. Choubey, A. Christensen, D. Christian, G. Christodoulou, E. Church, P. Clarke, T. E. Coan, A. G. Cocco, J. A. B. Coelho, E. Conley, J. M. Conrad, M. Convery, L. Corwin, P. Cotte, L. Cremaldi, L. Cremonesi, J. I. Crespo-Anadón, E. Cristaldo, R. Cross, C. Cuesta, Y. Cui, D. Cussans, M. Dabrowski, H. da Motta, L. Da Silva Peres, C. David, Q. David, G. S. Davies, S. Davini, J. Dawson, K. De, R. M. De Almeida, P. Debbins, I. De Bonis, M. P. Decowski, A. de Gouvêa, P. C. De Holanda, I. L. De Icaza Astiz, A. Deisting, P. De Jong, A. Delbart, D. Delepine, M. Delgado, A. Dell’Acqua, P. De Lurgio, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, D. M. DeMuth, S. Dennis, C. Densham, G. Deptuch, A. De Roeck, V. De Romeri, J. J. De Vries, R. Dharmapalan, M. Dias, F. Diaz, J. S. Díaz, S. Di Domizio, L. Di Giulio, P. Ding, L. Di Noto, C. Distefano, R. Diurba, M. Diwan, Z. Djurcic, N. Dokania, M. J. Dolinski, L. Domine, D. Douglas, F. Drielsma, D. Duchesneau, K. Duffy, P. Dunne, T. Durkin, H. Duyang, O. Dvornikov, D. A. Dwyer, A. S. Dyshkant, M. Eads, D. Edmunds, J. Eisch, S. Emery, A. Ereditato, C. O. Escobar, L. Escudero Sanchez, J. J. Evans, E. Ewart, A. C. Ezeribe, K. Fahey, A. Falcone, C. Farnese, Y. Farzan, J. Felix, E. Fernandez-Martinez, P. Fernandez Menendez, F. Ferraro, L. Fields, A. Filkins, F. Filthaut, R. S. Fitzpatrick, W. Flanagan, B. Fleming, R. Flight, J. Fowler, W. Fox, J. Franc, K. Francis, D. Franco, J. Freeman, J. Freestone, J. Fried, A. Friedland, S. Fuess, I. Furic, A. P. Furmanski, A. Gago, H. Gallagher, A. Gallego-Ros, N. Gallice, V. Galymov, E. Gamberini, T. Gamble, R. Gandhi, R. Gandrajula, S. Gao, D. Garcia-Gamez, M. Á. García-Peris, S. Gardiner, D. Gastler, G. Ge, B. Gelli, A. Gendotti, S. Gent, Z. Ghorbani-Moghaddam, D. Gibin, I. Gil-Botella, C. Girerd, A. K. Giri, D. Gnani, O. Gogota, M. Gold, S. Gollapinni, K. Gollwitzer, R. A. Gomes, L. V. Gomez Bermeo, L. S. Gomez Fajardo, F. Gonnella, J. A. Gonzalez-Cuevas, M. C. Goodman, O. Goodwin, S. Goswami, C. Gotti, E. Goudzovski, C. Grace, M. Graham, E. Gramellini, R. Gran, E. Granados, A. Grant, C. Grant, D. Gratieri, P. Green, S. Green, L. Greenler, M. Greenwood, J. Greer, W. C. Griffith, M. Groh, J. Grudzinski, K. Grzelak, W. Gu, V. Guarino, R. Guenette, A. Guglielmi, B. Guo, K. K. Guthikonda, R. Gutierrez, P. Guzowski, M. M. Guzzo, S. Gwon, A. Habig, A. Hackenburg, H. Hadavand, R. Haenni, A. Hahn, J. Haigh, J. Haiston, T. Hamernik, P. Hamilton, J. Han, K. Harder, D. A. Harris, J. Hartnell, T. Hasegawa, R. Hatcher, E. Hazen, A. Heavey, K. M. Heeger, J. Heise, K. Hennessy, S. Henry, M. A. Hernandez Morquecho, K. Herner, L. Hertel, A. S. Hesam, J. Hewes, A. Higuera, T. Hill, S. J. Hillier, A. Himmel, J. Hoff, C. Hohl, A. Holin, E. Hoppe, G. A. Horton-Smith, M. Hostert, A. Hourlier, B. Howard, R. Howell, J. Huang, J. Hugon, G. Iles, N. Ilic, A. M. Iliescu, R. Illingworth, A. Ioannisian, R. Itay, A. Izmaylov, E. James, B. Jargowsky, F. Jediny, C. Jesùs-Valls, X. Ji, L. Jiang, S. Jiménez, A. Jipa, A. Joglekar, C. Johnson, R. Johnson, B. Jones, S. Jones, C. K. Jung, T. Junk, Y. Jwa, M. Kabirnezhad, A. Kaboth, I. Kadenko, F. Kamiya, G. Karagiorgi, A. Karcher, M. Karolak, Y. Karyotakis, S. Kasai, S. P. Kasetti, L. Kashur, N. Kazaryan, E. Kearns, P. Keener, K. J. Kelly, E. Kemp, W. Ketchum, S. H. Kettell, M. Khabibullin, A. Khotjantsev, A. Khvedelidze, D. Kim, B. King, B. Kirby, M. Kirby, J. Klein, K. Koehler, L. W. Koerner, S. Kohn, P. P. Koller, M. Kordosky, T. Kosc, U. Kose, V. A. Kostelecký, K. Kothekar, F. Krennrich, I. Kreslo, Y. Kudenko, V. A. Kudryavtsev, S. Kulagin, J. Kumar, R. Kumar, C. Kuruppu, V. Kus, T. Kutter, A. Lambert, K. Lande, C. E. Lane, K. Lang, T. Langford, P. Lasorak, D. Last, C. Lastoria, A. Laundrie, A. Lawrence, I. Lazanu, R. LaZur, T. Le, J. Learned, P. LeBrun, G. Lehmann Miotto, R. Lehnert, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, M. Leitner, M. Leyton, L. Li, S. Li, S. W. Li, T. Li, Y. Li, H. Liao, C. S. Lin, S. Lin, A. Lister, B. R. Littlejohn, J. Liu, S. Lockwitz, T. Loew, M. Lokajicek, I. Lomidze, K. Long, K. Loo, D. Lorca, T. Lord, J. M. LoSecco, W. C. Louis, K. B. Luk, X. Luo, N. Lurkin, T. Lux, V. P. Luzio, D. MacFarland, A. A. Machado, P. Machado, C. T. Macias, J. R. Macier, A. Maddalena, P. Madigan, S. Magill, K. Mahn, A. Maio, J. A. Maloney, G. Mandrioli, J. Maneira, L. Manenti, S. Manly, A. Mann, K. Manolopoulos, M. Manrique Plata, A. Marchionni, W. Marciano, D. Marfatia, C. Mariani, J. Maricic, F. Marinho, A. D. Marino, M. Marshak, C. Marshall, J. Marshall, J. Marteau, J. Martin-Albo, N. Martinez, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, S. Martynenko, K. Mason, A. Mastbaum, M. Masud, S. Matsuno, J. Matthews, C. Mauger, N. Mauri, K. Mavrokoridis, R. Mazza, A. Mazzacane, E. Mazzucato, E. McCluskey, N. McConkey, K. S. McFarland, C. McGrew, A. McNab, A. Mefodiev, P. Mehta, P. Melas, M. Mellinato, O. Mena, S. Menary, H. Mendez, A. Menegolli, G. Meng, M. D. Messier, W. Metcalf, M. Mewes, H. Meyer, T. Miao, G. Michna, T. Miedema, J. Migenda, R. Milincic, W. Miller, J. Mills, C. Milne, O. Mineev, O. G. Miranda, S. Miryala, C. S. Mishra, S. R. Mishra, A. Mislivec, D. Mladenov, I. Mocioiu, K. Moffat, N. Moggi, R. Mohanta, T. A. Mohayai, N. Mokhov, J. Molina, L. Molina Bueno, A. Montanari, C. Montanari, D. Montanari, L. M. Montano Zetina, J. Moon, M. Mooney, A. Moor, D. Moreno, B. Morgan, C. Morris, C. Mossey, E. Motuk, C. A. Moura, J. Mousseau, W. Mu, L. Mualem, J. Mueller, M. Muether, S. Mufson, F. Muheim, A. Muir, M. Mulhearn, H. Muramatsu, S. Murphy, J. Musser, J. Nachtman, S. Nagu, M. Nalbandyan, R. Nandakumar, D. Naples, S. Narita, D. Navas-Nicolás, N. Nayak, M. Nebot-Guinot, L. Necib, K. Negishi, J. K. Nelson, J. Nesbit, M. Nessi, D. Newbold, M. Newcomer, D. Newhart, R. Nichol, E. Niner, K. Nishimura, A. Norman, A. Norrick, R. Northrop, P. Novella, J. A. Nowak, M. Oberling, A. Olivares Del Campo, A. Olivier, Y. Onel, Y. Onishchuk, J. Ott, L. Pagani, S. Pakvasa, O. Palamara, S. Palestini, J. M. Paley, M. Pallavicini, C. Palomares, E. Pantic, V. Paolone, V. Papadimitriou, R. Papaleo, A. Papanestis, S. Paramesvaran, S. Parke, Z. Parsa, M. Parvu, S. Pascoli, L. Pasqualini, J. Pasternak, J. Pater, C. Patrick, L. Patrizii, R. B. Patterson, S. J. Patton, T. Patzak, A. Paudel, B. Paulos, L. Paulucci, Z. Pavlovic, G. Pawloski, D. Payne, V. Pec, S. J. M. Peeters, Y. Penichot, E. Pennacchio, A. Penzo, O. L. G. Peres, J. Perry, D. Pershey, G. Pessina, G. Petrillo, C. Petta, R. Petti, F. Piastra, L. Pickering, F. Pietropaolo, J. Pillow, J. Pinzino, R. Plunkett, R. Poling, X. Pons, N. Poonthottathil, S. Pordes, M. Potekhin, R. Potenza, B. V. K. S. Potukuchi, J. Pozimski, M. Pozzato, S. Prakash, T. Prakash, S. Prince, G. Prior, D. Pugnere, K. Qi, X. Qian, J. L. Raaf, R. Raboanary, V. Radeka, J. Rademacker, B. Radics, A. Rafique, E. Raguzin, M. Rai, M. Rajaoalisoa, I. Rakhno, H. T. Rakotondramanana, L. Rakotondravohitra, Y. A. Ramachers, R. Rameika, M. A. Ramirez Delgado, B. Ramson, A. Rappoldi, G. Raselli, P. Ratoff, S. Ravat, H. Razafinime, J. S. Real, B. Rebel, D. Redondo, M. Reggiani-Guzzo, T. Rehak, J. Reichenbacher, S. D. Reitzner, A. Renshaw, S. Rescia, F. Resnati, A. Reynolds, G. Riccobene, L. C. J. Rice, K. Rielage, Y. Rigaut, D. Rivera, L. Rochester, M. Roda, P. Rodrigues, M. J. Rodriguez Alonso, J. Rodriguez Rondon, A. J. Roeth, H. Rogers, S. Rosauro-Alcaraz, M. Rossella, J. Rout, S. Roy, A. Rubbia, C. Rubbia, B. Russell, J. Russell, D. Ruterbories, R. Saakyan, S. Sacerdoti, T. Safford, N. Sahu, P. Sala, N. Samios, M. C. Sanchez, D. A. Sanders, D. Sankey, S. Santana, M. Santos-Maldonado, N. Saoulidou, P. Sapienza, C. Sarasty, I. Sarcevic, G. Savage, V. Savinov, A. Scaramelli, A. Scarff, A. Scarpelli, T. Schaffer, H. Schellman, P. Schlabach, D. Schmitz, K. Scholberg, A. Schukraft, E. Segreto, J. Sensenig, I. Seong, A. Sergi, F. Sergiampietri, D. Sgalaberna, M. H. Shaevitz, S. Shafaq, M. Shamma, H. R. Sharma, R. Sharma, T. Shaw, C. Shepherd-Themistocleous, S. Shin, D. Shooltz, R. Shrock, L. Simard, N. Simos, J. Sinclair, G. Sinev, J. Singh, V. Singh, R. Sipos, F. W. Sippach, G. Sirri, A. Sitraka, K. Siyeon, D. Smargianaki, A. Smith, E. Smith, P. Smith, J. Smolik, M. Smy, P. Snopok, M. Soares Nunes, H. Sobel, M. Soderberg, C. J. Solano Salinas, S. Söldner-Rembold, N. Solomey, V. Solovov, W. E. Sondheim, M. Sorel, J. Soto-Oton, A. Sousa, K. Soustruznik, F. Spagliardi, M. Spanu, J. Spitz, N. J. C. Spooner, K. Spurgeon, R. Staley, M. Stancari, L. Stanco, H. M. Steiner, J. Stewart, B. Stillwell, J. Stock, F. Stocker, T. Stokes, M. Strait, T. Strauss, S. Striganov, A. Stuart, D. Summers, A. Surdo, V. Susic, L. Suter, C. M. Sutera, R. Svoboda, B. Szczerbinska, A. M. Szelc, R. Talaga, H. A. Tanaka, B. Tapia Oregui, A. Tapper, S. Tariq, E. Tatar, R. Tayloe, A. M. Teklu, M. Tenti, K. Terao, C. A. Ternes, F. Terranova, G. Testera, A. Thea, J. L. Thompson, C. Thorn, S. C. Timm, A. Tonazzo, M. Torti, M. Tortola, F. Tortorici, D. Totani, M. Toups, C. Touramanis, J. Trevor, W. H. Trzaska, Y. T. Tsai, Z. Tsamalaidze, K. V. Tsang, N. Tsverava, S. Tufanli, C. Tull, E. Tyley, M. Tzanov, M. A. Uchida, J. Urheim, T. Usher, M. R. Vagins, P. Vahle, G. A. Valdiviesso, E. Valencia, Z. Vallari, J. W. F. Valle, S. Vallecorsa, R. Van Berg, R. G. Van de Water, D. Vanegas Forero, F. Varanini, D. Vargas, G. Varner, J. Vasel, G. Vasseur, K. Vaziri, S. Ventura, A. Verdugo, S. Vergani, M. A. Vermeulen, M. Verzocchi, H. Vieira de Souza, C. Vignoli, C. Vilela, B. Viren, T. Vrba, T. Wachala, A. V. Waldron, M. Wallbank, H. Wang, J. Wang, Y. Wang, K. Warburton, D. Warner, M. Wascko, D. Waters, A. Watson, P. Weatherly, A. Weber, M. Weber, H. Wei, A. Weinstein, D. Wenman, M. Wetstein, M. R. While, A. White, L. H. Whitehead, D. Whittington, M. J. Wilking, C. Wilkinson, Z. Williams, F. Wilson, R. J. Wilson, J. Wolcott, T. Wongjirad, K. Wood, L. Wood, E. Worcester, M. Worcester, C. Wret, W. Wu, Y. Xiao, G. Yang, T. Yang, N. Yershov, K. Yonehara, T. Young, B. Yu, J. Yu, R. Zaki, J. Zalesak, L. Zambelli, B. Zamorano, A. Zani, L. Zazueta, G. P. Zeller, J. Zennamo, K. Zeug, C. Zhang, M. Zhao, E. Zhivun, G. Zhu, E. D. Zimmerman, M. Zito, S. Zucchelli, J. Zuklin, V. Zutshi, and R. Zwaska

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The sensitivity of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) to neutrino oscillation is determined, based on a full simulation, reconstruction, and event selection of the far detector and a full simulation and parameterized analysis of the near detector. Detailed uncertainties due to the flux prediction, neutrino interaction model, and detector effects are included. DUNE will resolve the neutrino mass ordering to a precision of 5 $$\sigma $$ σ , for all $$\delta _{\mathrm{CP}}$$ δ CP values, after 2 years of running with the nominal detector design and beam configuration. It has the potential to observe charge-parity violation in the neutrino sector to a precision of 3 $$\sigma $$ σ (5 $$\sigma $$ σ ) after an exposure of 5 (10) years, for 50% of all $$\delta _{\mathrm{CP}}$$ δ CP values. It will also make precise measurements of other parameters governing long-baseline neutrino oscillation, and after an exposure of 15 years will achieve a similar sensitivity to $$\sin ^{2} 2\theta _{13}$$ sin 2 2 θ 13 to current reactor experiments.

Published
2020
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7. Perspectives of the Russian information society: Digital divide levels

Author

D E Dobrinskaya and T S Martynenko

Subjects
social inequality, digital divide, digital inequality, information society, information-communication technologies, digitalization, Internet, Sociology (General), HM401-1281
Abstract

The article considers features and trends of the information society development in Russia through the analysis of various aspects of its digitalization including the strategic task of reducing the digital divide. Since the second half of the 20th century the digital divide develops as a new form of social inequality determined by information-communication technologies. Today there is no single approach to the conceptualization of the digital divide (digital inequality). Usually, as a methodological basis for the analysis of digital inequality, researchers use a three-level model of the digital divide: (1) the difference in access to new information technologies (availability or lack of material resources) such as special devices (smartphones, computers, etc.) and also availability of Internet access and its quality (speed, price, etc.); (2) the difference in skills necessary for the effective use of information technologies (ability to get access to content, to produce it, to be an active participant of interaction)’ (3) life chances and opportunities determined by information technologies, which are most difficult to measure due to digitization of certain spheres of society. Digitalization is a priority for the strategic development of the Russian society which includes the use of digital technologies in main spheres of social life (education, healthcare, etc.) and changes in the ways of interaction between society and the state (“e-government”). Based on the data of statistics and research for 2015-2017, the authors consider perspectives to overcome the digital divide under the development of information society in Russia and identify main risks and negative consequences of attempts to accelerate its digitalization.

Published
2019
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10. Rationale for Processing of a Mg-Zn-Ca Alloy by Equal-Channel Angular Pressing for Use in Biodegradable Implants for Osteoreconstruction

Author

Natalia S. Martynenko, Natalia Yu. Anisimova, Olga V. Rybalchenko, Mikhail V. Kiselevskiy, Georgy Rybalchenko, Boris Straumal, Diana Temralieva, Almagul T. Mansharipova, Aigul O. Kabiyeva, Maratbek T. Gabdullin, Sergey Dobatkin, and Yuri Estrin

Subjects
magnesium alloy, equal-channel angular pressing, biodegradation, biocompatibility, alkaline phosphatase activity, osteoconduction, Crystallography, QD901-999
Abstract

Widespread use of Mg-Zn-Ca alloys in clinical orthopedic practice requires improvement of their mechanical properties—in particular, ductility—and enhancement of their bioactivity for accelerated osteoreconstruction. The alloy was studied in two structural states: after homogenization and after equal-channel angular pressing. Immersion and potentiodynamic polarization tests showed that the corrosion rate of the alloy was not increased by deformation. The mass loss in vivo was also statistically insignificant. Furthermore, it was found that deformation did not compromise the biocompatibility of the alloy and did not have any significant effect on cell adhesion and proliferation. However, an extract of the alloy promoted the alkaline phosphatase activity of human mesenchymal stromal cells, which indicates osteogenic stimulation of cells. The osteoinduction of the deformed alloy significantly exceeded that of the homogenized one. Based on the results of this work, it can be concluded that the alloy Mg-1%Zn-0.3%Ca modified by equal-channel angular pressing is a promising candidate for the manufacture of biodegradable orthopedic implants since it stimulates osteogenic differentiation and has greater ductility, which provides it with a competitive advantage in comparison with the homogenized state.

Published
2021
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11. Study of biocompatibility in vitro of ultrafine-grained Zn-based bioresorbable alloys

Author

N. S. Martynenko, N. Yu. Anisimova, M. V. Kiselevskiy, O. V. Rybalchenko, D. R. Temralieva, D. V. Prosvirnin, S. V. Pivovarchik, D. V. Filonenko, and S. V. Dobatkin

Subjects
General Engineering, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract

Background. Zinc alloys have advantages for use as biodegradable implantable orthopedic metal structures due to the absence of gas formation in comparison with magnesium alloys. But their mechanical properties are often has lower values.Aim. Investigation of effect of high-pressure torsion (HPT) on strength, ductility, corrosion resistance, antimicrobial properties, surface cell colonization and biocompatibility of Zn-based alloys.Materials and methods. The alloys of the Zn-x%Mg system (where x = 0; 1 and 1.7 %) in the initial undeformed state and after HPT were investigated in this work. Mechanical properties were studied on an Instron 3382 testing machine at room temperature. The biocompatibility of the alloys was evaluated by hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity assesment. We also studied the stimulation of colonization of the surface of the samples by mesenchymal multipotent stromal cells, as well as the presence of antimicrobial properties relative to the Escherichia coli culture. To study the degradation rate, the alloy samples were incubated in a standard nutrient medium for 8 days, assessing the change in their mass relative to the initial value.Results. It has been established that HPT leads to an increase in the strength of pure Zn 2 times, and of Zn-1%Mg and Zn-1.7%Mg alloys by 3 and 5.5 times, respectively, with an increase in their ductility. At the same time, deformation treatment has practically no effect on the corrosion resistance of the initial materials. No significant increase in the hemolytic activity and bactericidal activity of the alloys was revealed during studies. However, a significant decrease in the ability of cells to colonize the surface of pure zinc was observed after HPT.Conclusion. HPT leads to a significant increase in the strength and ductility of studied materials. At the same time, a decrease in the biocompatibility of zinc-based alloys after HPT did not observed. It was found that the discovered cytotoxic effect was obviously caused not so much by the alloy processing method as by its chemical composition. This makes it possible to evaluate the studied alloys of the Zn-x%Mg system treated by HPT (and, in particular, the Zn-1.7%Mg alloy) as a promising structure for the development of biodegradable orthopedic products.

Published
2022

12. Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Near Detector Conceptual Design Report

Author

A. Abed Abud, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, G. Adamov, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, A. Aduszkiewicz, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, T. Alion, S. Alonso Monsalve, M. Alrashed, C. Alt, A. Alton, P. Amedo, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. P. Andrews, F. Andrianala, S. Andringa, N. Anfimov, A. Ankowski, M. Antonova, S. Antusch, A. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, L. O. Arnold, M. A. Arroyave, J. Asaadi, A. Aurisano, V. Aushev, D. Autiero, M. Ayala-Torres, F. Azfar, A. Back, H. Back, J. J. Back, C. Backhouse, P. Baesso, I. Bagaturia, L. Bagby, S. Balasubramanian, P. Baldi, B. Baller, B. Bambah, F. Barao, G. Barenboim, G. J. Barker, W. Barkhouse, C. Barnes, G. Barr, J. Barranco Monarca, N. Barros, J. L. Barrow, A. Basharina-Freshville, A. Bashyal, V. Basque, E. Belchior, J. B. R. Battat, F. Battisti, F. Bay, J. L. Bazo Alba, J. F. Beacom, E. Bechetoille, B. Behera, L. Bellantoni, G. Bellettini, V. Bellini, O. Beltramello, D. Belver, N. Benekos, F. Bento Neves, S. Berkman, P. Bernardini, R. M. Berner, H. Berns, S. Bertolucci, M. Betancourt, A. Betancur Rodríguez, M. Bhattacharjee, S. Bhuller, B. Bhuyan, S. Biagi, J. Bian, M. Biassoni, K. Biery, B. Bilki, M. Bishai, A. Bitadze, A. Blake, F. D. M. Blaszczyk, G. C. Blazey, E. Blucher, J. Boissevain, S. Bolognesi, T. Bolton, L. Bomben, M. Bonesini, M. Bongrand, F. Bonini, A. Booth, C. Booth, S. Bordoni, A. Borkum, T. Boschi, N. Bostan, P. Bour, C. Bourgeois, S. B. Boyd, D. Boyden, J. Bracinik, D. Braga, D. Brailsford, A. Brandt, J. Bremer, C. Brew, E. Brianne, S. J. Brice, C. Brizzolari, C. Bromberg, G. Brooijmans, J. Brooke, A. Bross, G. Brunetti, M. Brunetti, N. Buchanan, H. Budd, I. Cagnoli, D. Caiulo, P. Calafiura, J. Calcutt, M. Calin, S. Calvez, E. Calvo, A. Caminata, M. Campanelli, K. Cankocak, D. Caratelli, G. Carini, B. Carlus, P. Carniti, I. Caro Terrazas, H. Carranza, T. Carroll, J. F. Castaño Forero, A. Castillo, C. Castromonte, E. Catano-Mur, C. Cattadori, F. Cavalier, F. Cavanna, S. Centro, G. Cerati, A. Cervelli, A. Cervera Villanueva, M. Chalifour, A. Chappell, E. Chardonnet, N. Charitonidis, A. Chatterjee, S. Chattopadhyay, H. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Chen, Z. Chen, D. Cherdack, C. Chi, S. Childress, A. Chiriacescu, G. Chisnall, K. Cho, S. Choate, D. Chokheli, S. Choubey, A. Christensen, D. Christian, G. Christodoulou, A. Chukanov, E. Church, V. Cicero, P. Clarke, T. E. Coan, A. G. Cocco, J. A. B. Coelho, E. Conley, R. Conley, J. M. Conrad, M. Convery, S. Copello, L. Corwin, L. Cremaldi, L. Cremonesi, J. I. Crespo-Anadón, E. Cristaldo, R. Cross, A. Cudd, C. Cuesta, Y. Cui, D. Cussans, M. Dabrowski, O. Dalager, H. da Motta, L. Da Silva Peres, C. David, Q. David, G. S. Davies, S. Davini, J. Dawson, K. De, R. M. De Almeida, P. Debbins, I. De Bonis, M. P. Decowski, A. de Gouvêa, P. C. De Holanda, I. L. De Icaza Astiz, A. Deisting, P. De Jong, A. Delbart, D. Delepine, M. Delgado, A. Dell’Acqua, P. De Lurgio, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, D. M. DeMuth, S. Dennis, C. Densham, G. W. Deptuch, A. De Roeck, V. De Romeri, G. De Souza, R. Dharmapalan, F. Diaz, J. S. Díaz, S. Di Domizio, L. Di Giulio, P. Ding, L. Di Noto, C. Distefano, R. Diurba, M. Diwan, Z. Djurcic, N. Dokania, S. Dolan, M. J. Dolinski, L. Domine, D. Douglas, D. Douillet, G. Drake, F. Drielsma, D. Duchesneau, K. Duffy, P. Dunne, T. Durkin, H. Duyang, O. Dvornikov, D. A. Dwyer, A. S. Dyshkant, M. Eads, A. Earle, D. Edmunds, J. Eisch, L. Emberger, S. Emery, A. Ereditato, C. O. Escobar, G. Eurin, J. J. Evans, E. Ewart, A. C. Ezeribe, K. Fahey, A. Falcone, C. Farnese, Y. Farzan, J. Felix, M. Fernandes Carneiro da Silva, E. Fernandez-Martinez, P. Fernandez Menendez, F. Ferraro, L. Fields, F. Filthaut, A. Fiorentini, R. S. Fitzpatrick, W. Flanagan, B. Fleming, R. Flight, D. V. Forero, J. Fowler, W. Fox, J. Franc, K. Francis, D. Franco, J. Freeman, J. Freestone, J. Fried, A. Friedland, S. Fuess, I. Furic, A. P. Furmanski, A. Gabrielli, A. Gago, H. Gallagher, A. Gallas, A. Gallego-Ros, N. Gallice, V. Galymov, E. Gamberini, T. Gamble, R. Gandhi, R. Gandrajula, F. Gao, S. Gao, D. Garcia-Gamez, M. Á. García-Peris, S. Gardiner, D. Gastler, G. Ge, B. Gelli, A. Gendotti, S. Gent, Z. Ghorbani-Moghaddam, D. Gibin, I. Gil-Botella, S. Gilligan, C. Girerd, A. K. Giri, D. Gnani, O. Gogota, M. Gold, S. Gollapinni, K. Gollwitzer, R. A. Gomes, L. V. Gomez Bermeo, L. S. Gomez Fajardo, F. Gonnella, J. A. Gonzalez-Cuevas, D. Gonzalez-Diaz, M. Gonzalez-Lopez, M. C. Goodman, O. Goodwin, S. Goswami, C. Gotti, E. Goudzovski, C. Grace, M. Graham, R. Gran, E. Granados, P. Granger, A. Grant, C. Grant, D. Gratieri, P. Green, L. Greenler, J. Greer, W. C. Griffith, M. Groh, J. Grudzinski, K. Grzelak, W. Gu, V. Guarino, R. Guenette, E. Guerard, M. Guerzoni, A. Guglielmi, B. Guo, K. K. Guthikonda, R. Gutierrez, P. Guzowski, M. M. Guzzo, S. Gwon, A. Habig, H. Hadavand, R. Haenni, A. Hahn, J. Haiston, P. Hamacher-Baumann, T. Hamernik, P. Hamilton, J. Han, D. A. Harris, J. Hartnell, J. Harton, T. Hasegawa, C. Hasnip, R. Hatcher, K. W. Hatfield, A. Hatzikoutelis, C. Hayes, E. Hazen, A. Heavey, K. M. Heeger, J. Heise, K. Hennessy, S. Henry, M. A. Hernandez Morquecho, K. Herner, L. Hertel, J. Hewes, A. Higuera, T. Hill, S. J. Hillier, A. Himmel, J. Hoff, C. Hohl, A. Holin, E. Hoppe, G. A. Horton-Smith, M. Hostert, A. Hourlier, B. Howard, R. Howell, J. Huang, J. Hugon, G. Iles, N. Ilic, A. M. Iliescu, R. Illingworth, G. Ingratta, A. Ioannisian, L. Isenhower, R. Itay, A. Izmaylov, S. Jackson, V. Jain, E. James, B. Jargowsky, F. Jediny, D. Jena, Y. S. Jeong, C. Jesús-Valls, X. Ji, L. Jiang, S. Jiménez, A. Jipa, R. Johnson, N. Johnston, B. Jones, S. B. Jones, M. Judah, C. K. Jung, T. Junk, Y. Jwa, M. Kabirnezhad, A. Kaboth, I. Kadenko, I. Kakorin, F. Kamiya, N. Kaneshige, G. Karagiorgi, G. Karaman, A. Karcher, M. Karolak, Y. Karyotakis, S. Kasai, S. P. Kasetti, L. Kashur, N. Kazaryan, E. Kearns, P. Keener, K. J. Kelly, E. Kemp, O. Kemularia, W. Ketchum, S. H. Kettell, M. Khabibullin, A. Khotjantsev, A. Khvedelidze, D. Kim, B. King, B. Kirby, M. Kirby, J. Klein, K. Koehler, L. W. Koerner, S. Kohn, P. P. Koller, L. Kolupaeva, M. Kordosky, T. Kosc, U. Kose, V. A. Kostelecký, K. Kothekar, F. Krennrich, I. Kreslo, Y. Kudenko, V. A. Kudryavtsev, S. Kulagin, J. Kumar, P. Kumar, R. Kumar, P. Kunze, N. Kurita, C. Kuruppu, V. Kus, T. Kutter, A. Lambert, B. Land, K. Lande, C. E. Lane, K. Lang, T. Langford, J. Larkin, P. Lasorak, D. Last, C. Lastoria, A. Laundrie, G. Laurenti, A. Lawrence, I. Lazanu, R. LaZur, T. Le, S. Leardini, J. Learned, P. LeBrun, T. LeCompte, G. Lehmann Miotto, R. Lehnert, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, M. Leitner, L. Li, S. W. Li, T. Li, Y. Li, H. Liao, C. S. Lin, Q. Lin, S. Lin, A. Lister, B. R. Littlejohn, J. Liu, S. Lockwitz, T. Loew, M. Lokajicek, I. Lomidze, K. Long, K. Loo, D. Lorca, T. Lord, J. M. LoSecco, W. C. Louis, X. G. Lu, K. B. Luk, X. Luo, N. Lurkin, T. Lux, V. P. Luzio, D. MacFarlane, A. A. Machado, P. Machado, C. T. Macias, J. R. Macier, A. Maddalena, A. Madera, P. Madigan, S. Magill, K. Mahn, A. Maio, A. Major, J. A. Maloney, G. Mandrioli, R. C. Mandujano, J. Maneira, L. Manenti, S. Manly, A. Mann, K. Manolopoulos, M. Manrique Plata, V. N. Manyam, L. Manzanillas, M. Marchan, A. Marchionni, W. Marciano, D. Marfatia, C. Mariani, J. Maricic, R. Marie, F. Marinho, A. D. Marino, D. Marsden, M. Marshak, C. M. Marshall, J. Marshall, J. Marteau, J. Martin-Albo, N. Martinez, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, S. Martynenko, K. Mason, A. Mastbaum, M. Masud, S. Matsuno, J. Matthews, C. Mauger, N. Mauri, K. Mavrokoridis, I. Mawby, R. Mazza, A. Mazzacane, E. Mazzucato, T. McAskill, E. McCluskey, N. McConkey, K. S. McFarland, C. McGrew, A. McNab, A. Mefodiev, P. Mehta, P. Melas, O. Mena, S. Menary, H. Mendez, D. P. Méndez, A. Menegolli, G. Meng, M. D. Messier, W. Metcalf, T. Mettler, M. Mewes, H. Meyer, T. Miao, G. Michna, T. Miedema, J. Migenda, V. Mikola, R. Milincic, W. Miller, J. Mills, C. Milne, O. Mineev, O. G. Miranda, S. Miryala, C. S. Mishra, S. R. Mishra, A. Mislivec, D. Mladenov, I. Mocioiu, K. Moffat, N. Moggi, R. Mohanta, T. A. Mohayai, N. Mokhov, J. Molina, L. Molina Bueno, A. Montanari, C. Montanari, D. Montanari, E. Montagna, L. M. Montano Zetina, J. Moon, M. Mooney, A. F. Moor, D. Moreno, C. Morris, C. Mossey, E. Motuk, C. A. Moura, J. Mousseau, W. Mu, L. Mualem, J. Mueller, M. Muether, S. Mufson, F. Muheim, A. Muir, M. Mulhearn, D. Munford, H. Muramatsu, S. Murphy, J. Musser, J. Nachtman, S. Nagu, M. Nalbandyan, R. Nandakumar, D. Naples, S. Narita, D. Navas-Nicolás, A. Navrer-Agasson, N. Nayak, M. Nebot-Guinot, K. Negishi, J. K. Nelson, J. Nesbit, M. Nessi, D. Newbold, M. Newcomer, D. Newhart, H. Newton, M. Niccolo, R. Nichol, F. Nicolas-Arnaldos, M. Nicoletta, E. Niner, K. Nishimura, A. Norman, A. Norrick, R. Northrop, P. Novella, J. A. Nowak, M. Oberling, J. P. Ochoa-Ricoux, A. Olivares Del Campo, A. Olivier, A. Olshevskiy, Y. Onel, Y. Onishchuk, J. Ott, L. Pagani, S. Pakvasa, G. Palacio, O. Palamara, S. Palestini, J. M. Paley, M. Pallavicini, C. Palomares, J. L. Palomino-Gallo, E. Pantic, V. Paolone, V. Papadimitriou, R. Papaleo, A. Papanestis, S. Paramesvaran, S. Parke, Z. Parsa, M. Parvu, S. Pascoli, L. Pasqualini, J. Pasternak, J. Pater, C. Patrick, L. Patrizii, R. B. Patterson, S. J. Patton, T. Patzak, A. Paudel, B. Paulos, L. Paulucci, Z. Pavlovic, G. Pawloski, D. Payne, V. Pec, S. J. M. Peeters, E. Pennacchio, A. Penzo, O. L. G. Peres, J. Perry, D. Pershey, G. Pessina, G. Petrillo, C. Petta, R. Petti, F. Piastra, L. Pickering, F. Pietropaolo, R. Plunkett, R. Poling, X. Pons, N. Poonthottathil, F. Poppi, S. Pordes, J. Porter, M. Potekhin, R. Potenza, B. V. K. S. Potukuchi, J. Pozimski, M. Pozzato, S. Prakash, T. Prakash, S. Prince, D. Pugnere, X. Qian, M. C. Queiroga Bazetto, J. L. Raaf, V. Radeka, J. Rademacker, B. Radics, A. Rafique, E. Raguzin, M. Rai, M. Rajaoalisoa, I. Rakhno, A. Rakotonandrasana, L. Rakotondravohitra, Y. A. Ramachers, R. Rameika, M. A. Ramirez Delgado, B. Ramson, A. Rappoldi, G. Raselli, P. Ratoff, S. Raut, R. F. Razakamiandra, J. S. Real, B. Rebel, M. Reggiani-Guzzo, T. Rehak, J. Reichenbacher, S. D. Reitzner, H. Rejeb Sfar, A. Renshaw, S. Rescia, F. Resnati, A. Reynolds, C. Riccio, G. Riccobene, L. C. J. Rice, J. Ricol, A. Rigamonti, Y. Rigaut, D. Rivera, L. Rochester, M. Roda, P. Rodrigues, M. J. Rodriguez Alonso, E. Rodriguez Bonilla, J. Rodriguez Rondon, S. Rosauro-Alcaraz, M. Rosenberg, P. Rosier, B. Roskovec, M. Rossella, J. Rout, P. Roy, S. Roy, A. Rubbia, C. Rubbia, F. C. Rubio, B. Russell, D. Ruterbories, R. Saakyan, S. Sacerdoti, T. Safford, R. Sahay, N. Sahu, P. Sala, N. Samios, O. Samoylov, M. C. Sanchez, D. A. Sanders, D. Sankey, S. Santana, M. Santos-Maldonado, N. Saoulidou, P. Sapienza, C. Sarasty, I. Sarcevic, G. Savage, V. Savinov, A. Scaramelli, A. Scarff, A. Scarpelli, T. Schaffer, H. Schellman, P. Schlabach, D. Schmitz, K. Scholberg, A. Schukraft, E. Segreto, J. Sensenig, I. Seong, A. Sergi, D. Sgalaberna, M. H. Shaevitz, S. Shafaq, M. Shamma, R. Sharankova, H. R. Sharma, R. Sharma, T. Shaw, C. Shepherd-Themistocleous, S. Shin, D. Shooltz, R. Shrock, L. Simard, F. Simon, N. Simos, J. Sinclair, G. Sinev, J. Singh, V. Singh, R. Sipos, F. W. Sippach, G. Sirri, A. Sitraka, K. Siyeon, K. Skarpaas VIII, A. Smith, E. Smith, P. Smith, J. Smolik, M. Smy, E. L. Snider, P. Snopok, M. Soares Nunes, H. Sobel, M. Soderberg, C. J. Solano Salinas, S. Söldner-Rembold, S. Soleti, N. Solomey, V. Solovov, W. E. Sondheim, M. Sorel, J. Soto-Oton, A. Sousa, K. Soustruznik, F. Spagliardi, M. Spanu, J. Spitz, N. J. C. Spooner, K. Spurgeon, R. Staley, M. Stancari, L. Stanco, R. Stanley, R. Stein, H. M. Steiner, J. Stewart, B. Stillwell, J. Stock, F. Stocker, T. Stokes, M. Strait, T. Strauss, S. Striganov, A. Stuart, J. G. Suarez, H. Sullivan, D. Summers, A. Surdo, V. Susic, L. Suter, C. M. Sutera, R. Svoboda, B. Szczerbinska, A. M. Szelc, R. Talaga, H. A. Tanaka, B. Tapia Oregui, A. Tapper, S. Tariq, E. Tatar, R. Tayloe, A. M. Teklu, M. Tenti, K. Terao, C. A. Ternes, F. Terranova, G. Testera, A. Thea, J. L. Thompson, C. Thorn, S. C. Timm, J. Todd, A. Tonazzo, D. Torbunov, M. Torti, M. Tortola, F. Tortorici, D. Totani, M. Toups, C. Touramanis, N. Tosi, R. Travaglini, J. Trevor, S. Trilov, W. H. Trzaska, Y. T. Tsai, Z. Tsamalaidze, K. V. Tsang, N. Tsverava, S. Tufanli, C. Tull, E. Tyley, M. Tzanov, M. A. Uchida, J. Urheim, T. Usher, S. Uzunyan, M. R. Vagins, P. Vahle, G. A. Valdiviesso, E. Valencia, P. Valerio, Z. Vallari, J. W. F. Valle, S. Vallecorsa, R. Van Berg, R. G. Van de Water, F. Varanini, D. Vargas, G. Varner, J. Vasel, S. Vasina, G. Vasseur, N. Vaughan, K. Vaziri, S. Ventura, A. Verdugo, S. Vergani, M. A. Vermeulen, M. Verzocchi, M. Vicenzi, H. Vieira de Souza, C. Vignoli, C. Vilela, B. Viren, T. Vrba, T. Wachala, A. V. Waldron, M. Wallbank, H. Wang, J. Wang, L. Wang, M. H. L. S. Wang, Y. Wang, K. Warburton, D. Warner, M. Wascko, D. Waters, A. Watson, P. Weatherly, A. Weber, M. Weber, H. Wei, A. Weinstein, D. Wenman, M. Wetstein, A. White, L. H. Whitehead, D. Whittington, M. J. Wilking, C. Wilkinson, Z. Williams, F. Wilson, R. J. Wilson, J. Wolcott, T. Wongjirad, A. Wood, K. Wood, E. Worcester, M. Worcester, C. Wret, W. Wu, Y. Xiao, E. Yandel, G. Yang, K. Yang, S. Yang, T. Yang, A. Yankelevich, N. Yershov, K. Yonehara, T. Young, B. Yu, H. Yu, J. Yu, W. Yuan, R. Zaki, J. Zalesak, L. Zambelli, B. Zamorano, A. Zani, L. Zazueta, G. Zeit, G. P. Zeller, J. Zennamo, K. Zeug, C. Zhang, M. Zhao, E. Zhivun, G. Zhu, P. Zilberman, E. D. Zimmerman, M. Zito, S. Zucchelli, J. Zuklin, V. Zutshi, R. Zwaska, and On behalf of the DUNE Collaboration

Subjects
neutrino, near detector, neutrino oscillations, Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment, DUNE, Physics, QC1-999, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international, world-class experiment aimed at exploring fundamental questions about the universe that are at the forefront of astrophysics and particle physics research. DUNE will study questions pertaining to the preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of supernovae, the subtleties of neutrino interaction physics, and a number of beyond the Standard Model topics accessible in a powerful neutrino beam. A critical component of the DUNE physics program involves the study of changes in a powerful beam of neutrinos, i.e., neutrino oscillations, as the neutrinos propagate a long distance. The experiment consists of a near detector, sited close to the source of the beam, and a far detector, sited along the beam at a large distance. This document, the DUNE Near Detector Conceptual Design Report (CDR), describes the design of the DUNE near detector and the science program that drives the design and technology choices. The goals and requirements underlying the design, along with projected performance are given. It serves as a starting point for a more detailed design that will be described in future documents.

Published
2021
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13. Measuring the principal Hugoniot of inertial-confinement-fusion-relevant TMPTA plastic foams

Author

R. W. Paddock, M. W. von der Leyen, R. Aboushelbaya, P. A. Norreys, D. J. Chapman, D. E. Eakins, M. Oliver, R. J. Clarke, M. Notley, C. D. Baird, N. Booth, C. Spindloe, D. Haddock, S. Irving, R. H. H. Scott, J. Pasley, M. Cipriani, F. Consoli, B. Albertazzi, M. Koenig, A. S. Martynenko, L. Wegert, P. Neumayer, P. Tchórz, P. Rączka, P. Mabey, W. Garbett, R. M. N. Goshadze, V. V. Karasiev, and S. X. Hu

Subjects
Plasma Physics, 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik, Equations of state, Inertial confinement fusion, ddc:530
Abstract

Physical review / E 107(2), 025206 (2023). doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.107.025206, Published by APS, Woodbury, NY

Published
2023

15. A Hybrid 3D/2D Field Response Calculation for Liquid Argon Detectors with PCB Based Anode Plane

Author

S. Martynenko, F. Pietropaolo, B. Viren, X. Qian, H. Chen, S. Gao, W. Gu, J. Jo, S. Kettell, Y. Li, H. Liu, N. Nayak, B. Yu, H. Yu, C. Zhang, U. Kose, F. Resnati, S. Tufanli, F. Boran, and F. Dolek

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, hep-ex, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Instrumentation, physics.ins-det, Mathematical Physics, Particle Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) technology is commonly utilized in neutrino detector designs. It enables detailed reconstruction of neutrino events with high spatial precision and low energy threshold. Its field response (FR) model describes the time-dependent electric currents induced in the anode-plane electrodes when ionization electrons drift nearby. An accurate and precise FR is a crucial input to LArTPC detector simulations and charge reconstruction. Established LArTPC designs have been based on parallel wire planes. It allows accurate and computationally economic two-dimensional (2D) FR models utilizing the translational symmetry along the direction of the wires. Recently, novel LArTPC designs utilize electrodes formed on printed circuit board (PCB) in the shape of strips with through holes. The translational symmetry is no longer a good approximation near the electrodes and a new FR calculation that employs regions with three dimensions (3D) has been developed. Extending the 2D models to 3D would be computationally expensive. Fortuitously, the nature of strips with through holes allows for a computationally economic approach based on the finite-difference method (FDM). In this paper, we present a new software package "pochoir" that calculates LArTPC field response for these new strip-based anode designs. This package combines 3D calculations in the volume near the electrodes with 2D far-field solutions to achieve fast and precise field response computation. We apply the resulting FR to simulate and reconstruct samples of cosmic-ray muons and $^{39}$Ar decays from a Vertical Drift (VD) detector prototype operated at CERN. We find the difference between real and simulated data within 5 %. Current state-of-the-art LArTPC software requires a 2D FR which we provide by averaging over one dimension and estimate that variations lost in this average are smaller than 7 %., 16 pages, 12 figures

Published
2023

16. Analysis of Lyα Dielectronic Satellites to Characterize Temporal Profile of Intense Femtosecond Laser Pulses

Author

Sergey N. Ryazantsev, Igor Y. Skobelev, Artem S. Martynenko, Maria A. Alkhimova, Mikhail D. Mishchenko, Maksim V. Sedov, Tatiana A. Pikuz, Yuji Fukuda, Hiromitsu Kiriyama, Alexander S. Pirozhkov, and Sergey A. Pikuz

Subjects
X-ray spectroscopy, dielectronic satellites, crystal-based spectrographs, high-power laser—plasma interaction, laser contrast, temporal profile, Crystallography, QD901-999
Abstract

In the paper, an X-ray spectroscopy-based approach on laser pulse temporal profile characterization is described. The structure of dielectronic satellites to H-like Lyα lines strongly depends on a plasma electron density, so it can be applied for diagnostics. These spectral lines are mainly emitted during initial stage of laser plasma expansion. It means that plasma parameters obtained via them characterizes matter conditions in a region surrounding a spot of laser-matter interaction. In the case when a laser contrast is high enough, the radiation interacts with cold matter, which had not been preliminary perturbed by a laser prepulse, and the satellites structure shape corresponding to high densities should be observed. It allows us to consider the satellites as a diagnostic tool for the laser temporal profile quality. In the paper dependencies of the dielectronic satellites structure on electron densities obtained from detailed kinetic calculations in the wide range of plasma parameter for different elements are under discussion. Fundamental theoretical aspects of plasma diagnostic based on the feature of satellite structures shape in hot dense plasma, which led to development of the proposed method, are also explained.

Published
2021
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17. Effect of multiaxial deformation on structure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of a Mg-Ca alloy

Author

Gennady A. Salishchev, Nikita Stepanov, Yuri Estrin, N.Yu. Yurchenko, V. N. Serebryany, N. S. Martynenko, L. L. Rokhlin, S. V. Dobatkin, Nick Birbilis, and E. A. Luk’yanova

Subjects
Materials science, Alloy, Metals and Alloys, Recrystallization (metallurgy), engineering.material, Pole figure, Microstructure, Corrosion, Mechanics of Materials, Ultimate tensile strength, engineering, Texture (crystalline), Composite material, Ductility
Abstract

This article provides a report on the effect of multiaxial deformation (MAD) on the structure, texture, mechanical characteristics, and corrosion resistance of the Mg-0.8 (wt.)% Ca alloy. MAD was carried out on the alloy in the as-cast and the annealed states in multiple passes, with a stepwise decrease in the deformation temperature from 450 to 250 °C in 50 °C steps. The cumulative true strain at the end of the process was 22.5. In the case of the as-cast alloy, this resulted in a refined microstructure characterized by an average grain size of 2.7 µm and a fraction of high-angle boundaries (HABs) of 57.6%. The corresponding values for the annealed alloy were 2.1 µm and 68.2%. The predominant mechanism of structure formation was associated with discontinuous and continuous dynamic recrystallization acting in concert. MAD was also shown to lead to the formation of a rather sharp prismatic texture in the as-cast alloy, whilst in the case of the annealed one the texture was weakened. A displacement of the basal poles {00.4} from the periphery to the center of a pole figure was observed. These changes in the microstructure and texture gave rise to a significant improvement of the mechanical characteristics of the alloy. This included an increase of the ultimate tensile strength reaching 308 MPa for annealed material and 264 MPa for the as-cast one in conjunction with a twofold increase in ductility. A further important result of the MAD processing was a reduction of the rate of electrochemical corrosion, as indicated by a significant decrease in the corrosion current density in both microstructural states of the alloy studied.

Published
2022

19. Lifestyle diseases: Health in the contemporary city

Author

T. S. Martynenko

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, lifestyle, everyday practices, Social ecology, Population, lcsh:HM401-1281, urbanization, Standard of living, infectious diseases, Urbanization, Health care, medicine, Sociology, education, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Public health, public health, General Social Sciences, Public relations, social ecology, non-communicable diseases, Urban structure, healthy city, Interpersonal ties, lcsh:Sociology (General), business
Abstract

The article presents an overview of studies of the factors that affect health in the contemporary city The increase in the urban population makes it necessary to analyze factors (environmental, social, etc ) and features of the urban structure in terms of their impact on the quality and standards of living However, assessments of the city in the study of healthy lifestyle are contradictory On the one hand, researchers emphasize the availability of medical care, effective fight against infectious diseases, and numerous attempts to transform the visual urban space On the other hand, researchers stress the spatial inequality of the urban structure (for example, in access to health care), the spread of noncommunicable and lifestyle diseases in cities, the destruction of social ties and the problem of loneliness Therefore, it is necessary to systematize the current research, identify the main risks of urban lifestyle, and discuss the role of social sciences in such interdisciplinary studies The proposed typology of health research in the contemporary city is based on Yu P Lisitsyn’s ratio of factors that determine the level of health Although many studies claim an integrated approach, the analysis showed that most of them present one of three approaches: the study of sanitary-hygienic features of the urban space (or its medical aspects);the study of ecology and architecture of the urban space;the study of social-psychological features of the urban lifestyle The systematization of the main risks of the urban lifestyle allowed the author to identify the priority areas of its study Thus, based on the features of the covid-19 pandemic in cities, the author argues that there is a need for more active participation of sociologists in the discussion of both infectious and non-communicable diseases, which should focus on social factors of their spread, course, prevention and control © T S Martynenko, 2021

Published
2021

20. Effect of Equal-Channel Angular Pressing on the Structure, Mechanical Characteristics, and Aging Behavior of Cu–7% Cr and Cu–10% Fe Alloys

Author

S. V. Dobatkin, P. B. Straumal, Georgy I. Raab, N. R. Bochvar, D. A. Aksenov, and N. S. Martynenko

Subjects
Quenching, Materials science, Precipitation (chemistry), Alloy, Metals and Alloys, chemistry.chemical_element, engineering.material, Plasticity, Microstructure, Indentation hardness, Chromium, chemistry, engineering, Composite material, Softening
Abstract

The effect of equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) and subsequent aging on the structure and mechanical properties of Cu–7% Cr and Cu–10% Fe alloys is studied. ECAP is shown to substantially refine the structure of both alloys. The average grain and subgrain sizes of the Cu–7% Cr and Cu–10% Fe alloys subjected to ECAP are 250 ± 13 and 155 ± 7 nm, respectively. Moreover, the presence of shear bands ~100 nm wide is found for the alloys. The structure refinement results in a substantial increase in the strength of the alloys and a simultaneous decrease in their plasticity. In this case, additional aging of the alloys, which is performed after quenching, increases their microhardness, electrical conductivity, and strength; simultaneously, the plasticity decreases. Aging of the alloys subjected to ECAP leads to an increase in the sizes of the structural components (both shear bands and grains and subgrains) and to the precipitation of chromium and iron phases from the Cu–7% Cr and Cu–10% Fe alloys, respectively. The average sizes of shear bands, grains, and subgrains of the Cu–7% Cr and Cu–10% Fe alloys subjected to ECAP and aging are 130 ± 7 and 317 ± 24 nm and 220 ± 9 and 357 ± 27 nm, respectively. Aging does not affect the strength of the deformed Cu–7% Cr alloy and leads to a softening of the deformed Cu–10% Fe alloy. Aging of both alloys subjected to ECAP leads to an increase in their plasticity and electrical conductivity. In the case of the Cu–7% Cr alloy, treatment, which consists in quenching, ECAP, and aging, ensures reaching a better combination of the strength (~470 MPa), plasticity (~18%), and electrical conductivity (~81% IACS).

Published
2021

21. Absolute keV X-ray yield and conversion efficiency in over dense Si sub-petawatt laser plasma

Author

Sergey N Ryazantsev, Artem S Martynenko, Maksim V Sedov, Igor Yu Skobelev, Mikhail D Mishchenko, Yaroslav S Lavrinenko, Christopher D Baird, Nicola Booth, Phil Durey, Leonard N K Döhl, Damon Farley, Kathryn L Lancaster, Paul McKenna, Christopher D Murphy, Tatiana A Pikuz, Christopher Spindloe, Nigel Woolsey, and Sergey A Pikuz

Subjects
Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), QC717, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Condensed Matter Physics, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Laser-produced plasmas are bright, short sources of X-rays often used for time-resolved imaging and spectroscopy. Absolute measurement requires accurate knowledge of laser-to-x-ray conversion efficiencies, spectrum, photon yield and angular distribution. Here we report on soft X-ray emission from a thin Si foil irradiated by a sub-PW picosecond laser pulse. These absolute measurements cover a continuous and broad spectral range that extends from 4.75 to 7.5 Angstroms (1.7-2.6 keV). The X-ray spectrum consists of spectral line transitions from highly charged ions and broadband emission with contributions from recombination, and free-free processes that occur as electrons decelerate in plasma electromagnetic fields. These quantitative measurements are compared to particle-in-cell simulations allowing us to distinguish bremsstrahlung and synchrotron contributions to the free-free emission. We found that experiment and simulation estimations of laser-to-bremsstrahlung conversion efficiency are in a good agreement. This agreement illustrates the accuracy of experiment and physical interpretation of the measurements.

Published
2022

23. Heterogeneity of acute myeloid leukemia with the translocation t(8;21)(q22;q22)

Author

S V Gritsaev, I S Martynkevich, I S Ziuzgin, E V Kariagina, L S Martynenko, E V Petrova, N Iu Tsybakova, M P Ivanova, I I Kostroma, S A Tiranova, N A Potikhonova, and K M Abdulkadyrov

Subjects
acute myeloid leukemia, karyotype, mutations, early recurrence, overall survival, Medicine
Abstract

AIM. To characterize the clinical and hematological variability of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t(8;21) and to identify the signs associated with the likelihood of its relapse. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The results of examining 44 patients aged 11 to 70 years were analyzed; the efficiency of treatment was evaluated in 36. Their karyotypes were studied using the standard GTG method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to assess the mutational status of the FLT3, NPM1, NRAS and c-Kit genes. Qualitative PCR was used to reveal the chimeric transcript RUNX1/RUNX1T1. RESULTS. The M2 variant was verified using the French-American-British classification in 82% of cases. One patient was diagnosed with secondary AML. Additional chromosomal aberrations were found in 50% of the patients. The most common breakages were loss of one of the sex chromosomes (34.1%) and damage of chromosome 9 (16.6%). Gene mutations were detected in single cases. Following 2 7+3 induction chemotherapy (CT) cycles, complete remission (CR) was achieved in 97% of cases (3 patients with cytopenia died). Eight (25%) patients developed a relapse mainly within the first 7 months after achieving CR. The characteristic signs of relapse cases were the inefficiency of the first cycle of remission induction (RI), the absence of high-dose consolidation, damage of chromosome 9, D816V mutation in exone 17 of the c-Kit gene. Antirecurrent CT was ineffective in 5 patients. The median overall survival (OS) in patients with early recurrence was 10 months. That in the patients who were recorded to have CR was not achieved; 5-year OS was 57.8%. Chromosome 9 aberration was ascertained to have a negative impact on OS parameters (p=0.003). CONCLUSION. Patients with AML with t(8;21) is a group heterogeneous with respect to age, the morphological nature of blast cells, the pattern of the disease, the presence and type of additional chromosomal aberrations, mutations in individual genes, and clinical course. Those who are unresponsive to the first RI cycle and have additional chromosome 9 damages should be regarded as potential candidates for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Published
2014

24. The specific features of the immunophenotype of blast cells in patients with de novo normal karyotype acute myeloid leukemia and FLT3-ITD mutation

Author

S V Gritsaev, I S Martynkevich, Zh V Chubukina, E V Petrova, I I Kostroma, M P Ivanova, L S Martynenko, N A Potikhonova, L N Bubnova, and K M Abdulkadyrov

Subjects
de novo acute myeloid leukemia, normal karyotype, flt3-itd mutation, immunophenotype, hla-dr, cd7, Medicine
Abstract

AIM: To study the specific features of de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with FLT3-ITD mutation/MATERIAL AND METHODS: The results of examination were analyzed in 101 patients. Bone marrow morphological specimens were stained with Pappenheim stain. The karyotype was investigated using the standard GTG-banding method. Blast cells were immunotyped in a five-color analysis on a Cytomics FC 500 laser flow cytofluorometer/RESULTS: FLT3-ITD mutation was identified in 21 patients who had a varying morphological nature of blasts, different karyotype variants, and frequently additional NPM1 gene mutation. The distinctive property of 10 patients with normal karyotype and FLT3-ITD mutation (without NPM1 gene mutation) was the larger number of cases with high expression of HLA-DR and CD7 than in the control group that included 18 patients with normal karyotype AML without FLT3-ITD nutation: 50% versus 6.2% (p=0.007) and 100% versus 55.6% (p=0.014), respectively/CONCLUSION: Normal karyotype AML with FLT3-ITD mutation is a group that is homogeneous in the biological phenotype of leukemia cells.

Published
2014

25. Enhancement of K-shell spectroscopy for temperature measuring of isochorically heated matter in the sub-keV range

Author

A S Martynenko, T A Pikuz, I Yu Skobelev, S A Pikuz, N Iwata, T Johzaki, J Kawanaka, K F F Law, S Fujioka, R Kodama, and A Morace

Subjects
Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics
Abstract

Both K-shell x-ray emission spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy are well-accepted diagnostics for experimental studies of warm dense matter and hot dense matter (HDM). Until now, however, this diagnosis has been used for the study of dense matter with temperatures lower than 100 eV or with temperatures above 1 keV. In this work, we have demonstrated the possibility of using K-shell emission spectroscopy for an intermediate temperature range of 100s eV to study dense plasma. Here, we discuss an analysis of the HDM emission spectra of a solid-state copper with temperatures up to a few hundreds of electronvolts heated by laser-accelerated charged particles.

Published
2023

26. Structure, mechanical characteristics, biodegradation, and in vitro cytotoxicity of magnesium alloy ZX11 processed by rotary swaging

Author

Vladimir Yusupov, N. S. Martynenko, Diana Temralieva, Yuri Estrin, D. V. Prosvirnin, Sergey V. Dobatkin, Mikhail Kiselevskiy, Natalia Yu. Anisimova, Vladimir Terentiev, Natalia Tabachkova, Mikhail Morosov, A. V. Koltygin, and V. D. Belov

Subjects
lcsh:TN1-997, Cell viability, Swaging, Materials science, Cytotoxicity, Alloy, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, Hemolysis, 01 natural sciences, Mechanical characteristics, 0103 physical sciences, Ultimate tensile strength, Rotary swaging, Viability assay, Magnesium alloy, Composite material, lcsh:Mining engineering. Metallurgy, 010302 applied physics, Metals and Alloys, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Fatigue limit, Grain size, Mechanics of Materials, engineering, Elongation, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Rotary swaging (RS) of alloy Mg–1.03Zn–0.66Ca (ZX11) was shown to refine the average grain size to 4.5 ± 1.2 µm in a longitudinal section and 4.8 ± 0.9 µm in a transverse section. In addition, a small amount of Mg2Ca particles about 300 nm in size and Mg6Zn3Ca2 particles with a size of about 100 nm was detected. This resulted in pronounced strengthening: the yield strength and the ultimate tensile strength rose to 210 ± 8 MPa and 276 ± 6 MPa, respectively, while the elongation hardly decreased (22.0 ± 1.8% and 18.3 ± 2.9% before and after RS). Furthermore, RS led to an increase in the fatigue limit of the alloy from 120 MPa to 135 MPa and did not impair its resistance to chemical corrosion. The studies in vitro showed that ZX11 induces hemolysis without inhibiting the viability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and has a more pronounced cytotoxic effect on tumor cells in comparison with non-transformed cells. No significant difference of the latter effect between the initial and the deformed states was observed.

Published
2020

27. Cytogenetic profile in patients with primary myelodysplastic syndrome

Author

S V Gritsaev, I S Martynkevich, E V Petrova, L S Martynenko, M P Ivanova, V Iu Aksenova, N Iu Tsybakova, N A Potikhonova, and K M Abdulkadyrov

Subjects
de novo myelodysplastic syndrome, karyotype, r-ips, r-ipss, Medicine
Abstract

AIM: To analyze the prevalence of chromosome aberrations presented in the revised International Prognostic Scoring System (R-IPSS) in patients with de novo myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)/MATERIAL AND METHODS: Chromosome aberrations were analyzed in 197 patients aged 14 to 86 years (median age 64 years) with de novo MDS/RESULTS: Karyotype abnormalities were revealed in 129 (65.5%) patients with de novo MDS. According to the IPSS criteria, the karyotypes found 52 (26.4%) patients were assigned to an intermediate prognostic group whereas in accordance with the R-IPSS guidelines, an intermediate karyotype group included chromosome abnormalities in 32 (16.2%) patients. Out of 5 R-IPSS prognostic types, the favorable karyotype group was the largest (48.2%). The very favorable and unfavorable karyotype groups comprised few patients with MDS: 3 and 3.6%, respectively. Despite the fact that it was not mentioned in the R-IPSS, a monosomal karyotype was verified in 24 (12.2%) patients There was a correlation of the (normal and complex) karyotype with bone marrow blast counts (r=0.469; p=0.000), but not with age/CONCLUSION: A variety of cytogenetic damages cannot identify the prognostic potential of all chromosome aberrations occurring in patients with MDS even if prognostic factors increased up to 5.

Published
2013

29. Microsatellite loci polymorphism in Miguschova wheat and common wheat cultivars

Author

Tetiana Pasichnyk, V. S. Martynenko, Tetiana Iefimenko, Natalia Tytenko, Vitalii Shpylchyn, Anastasiia Navalihina, and Maksym Antonyuk

Subjects
Genetics, Chromosome localization, Wheat diseases, Genotype, food and beverages, Microsatellite, Introgression, Amplicon, Biology, Common wheat, Genome
Abstract

Fusarium head blight is one of the most widespread and dangerous wheat diseases worldwide. Resistance to Fusarium is controlled by some main genes from different Triticinae genomes; however, common wheat has few such resistance genes. Miguschova wheat (Triticum miguschovae Zhir.) with AbAbGGDD genome is characterized by the genotype resistant to Fusarium head blight. In order to effectively use it as a source of introgressions to common wheat genome, molecular genetic polymorphisms should be identified, which could later be used for identification of Miguschova wheat introgressions in the common wheat genome. Microsatellite PCR analysis using primers to SSR loci with a known chromosome localization for common wheat identified 14 highly informative loci with specific to Miguschova wheat amplicons, localized on chromosomes of 6 homoeological groups. Seven other SSR loci were identified to have a limited informative value, as DNA of Miguschova wheat did not form any specific PCR product with corresponding primers (null allele). The informative value of those loci was limited to differentiation of wheat cultivars. Manuscript received 16.04.2020

Published
2020

30. Is Digital Equality Possible? (On the Book 'The Digital Divide' by J. Van Dijk)

Author

T S Martynenko and D E Dobrinskaya

Subjects
Sociology and Political Science, Inequality, business.industry, Technological change, media_common.quotation_subject, Key (cryptography), The Internet, State (computer science), Sociology, business, Digital divide, media_common, Epistemology
Abstract

The article is about new book by Jan van Dijk, one of the pioneers in the study of digital divide. The authors analyze key theoretical statements of the theory of the digital divide, comparing it with the early works of van Dijk devoted to this topic. It also examines the most controversial issues in the study of the digital divide in sociology. Technological changes are transforming the digital divide from a simple division between those who have and those who do not have access to the Internet to a difference in outcomes for ownership and use of digital technologies. This evolution has led to emergence of digital divide at three levels. The model of the digital divide proposed in the study is based on the principles of relational approach. It is complex and multidimensional in nature, thus, according to the author, making it possible to assess the condition of the digital divide at all its levels. Van Dijk asks about the prospects for solving this crucial issue and whether there is a correlation between current state of the digital divide and other inequalities. Most of the research is focused on these questions, the findings of which are far from optimistic.

Published
2020

31. Perspectives of the Russian information society: Digital divide levels

Author

T S Martynenko and D E Dobrinskaya

Subjects
Internet, business.product_category, social inequality, business.industry, Computer science, lcsh:HM401-1281, General Social Sciences, Information technology, Life chances, Data science, digitalization, digital divide, lcsh:Sociology (General), information-communication technologies, Internet access, Social inequality, The Internet, Information society, Digital divide, business, digital inequality, Digitization, information society
Abstract

The article considers features and trends of the information society development in Russia through the analysis of various aspects of its digitalization including the strategic task of reducing the digital divide. Since the second half of the 20th century the digital divide develops as a new form of social inequality determined by information-communication technologies. Today there is no single approach to the conceptualization of the digital divide (digital inequality). Usually, as a methodological basis for the analysis of digital inequality, researchers use a three-level model of the digital divide: (1) the difference in access to new information technologies (availability or lack of material resources) such as special devices (smartphones, computers, etc.) and also availability of Internet access and its quality (speed, price, etc.); (2) the difference in skills necessary for the effective use of information technologies (ability to get access to content, to produce it, to be an active participant of interaction)’ (3) life chances and opportunities determined by information technologies, which are most difficult to measure due to digitization of certain spheres of society. Digitalization is a priority for the strategic development of the Russian society which includes the use of digital technologies in main spheres of social life (education, healthcare, etc.) and changes in the ways of interaction between society and the state (“e-government”). Based on the data of statistics and research for 2015-2017, the authors consider perspectives to overcome the digital divide under the development of information society in Russia and identify main risks and negative consequences of attempts to accelerate its digitalization.

Published
2019

32. Interaction of Magnesium-Based Materials with Human Blood Cells and Culture of Human Diploid Cells In Vitro

Author

N. V. Borovkova, M. S. Makarov, S. V. Dobatkin, Yu. Z. Estrin, N. S. Martynenko, M. V. Storozheva, I. N Ponomarev, and A. A. Ofitserov

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Stromal cell, Chemistry, Mesenchymal stem cell, Degranulation, Biocompatible Materials, General Medicine, Diploidy, Molecular biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, WI-38, In vitro, Zinc, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Platelet degranulation, Alloys, Humans, Calcium, Magnesium, Platelet, Spontaneous platelet aggregation, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cell Proliferation
Abstract

We studied morphofunctional properties of human blood cells and diploid culture cells exposed to different types of magnesium materials: pure magnesium (Mg), magnesium-yttrium-neodymium-zirconium alloy (Mg-Y-Nd-Zr) and magnesium-zinc-calcium alloy (Mg-Zn-Ca). The materials were incubated with donor blood and mesenchymal multipotent stromal cells over 3 days. The studied materials did not induce massive lysis of human erythrocytes and leukocytes in vitro, but gradually impaired their structural integrity. In all cases, spontaneous platelet aggregation was observed in 6 h. In the presence of pure Mg and Mg-Zn-Ca alloy, this was accompanied by a decrease in the number of platelets with granules. In 24 h, substantial platelet degranulation occurred in all cases and in 72 h, the platelets did not contain granules. In parallel, the formation of large aggregates (60 μ) was observed. In the culture of stromal cells, all Mg-based materials reduced structural integrity of cells in 24 h, but did not significantly inhibit cell proliferation. Structural integrity of stromal cells partially recovered by day 3 in culture. The studied materials (Mg, Mg-Y-Nd-Zr, and Mg-Zn-Ca) seemed to be low-toxic for human cells during short-term contact, but could stimulate platelet aggregation and spontaneous degranulation and reduced the viability of diploid cells in vitro.

Published
2019

33. Rationale for Processing of a Mg-Zn-Ca Alloy by Equal-Channel Angular Pressing for Use in Biodegradable Implants for Osteoreconstruction

Author

Estrin, Natalia S. Martynenko, Natalia Yu. Anisimova, Olga V. Rybalchenko, Mikhail V. Kiselevskiy, Georgy Rybalchenko, Boris Straumal, Diana Temralieva, Almagul T. Mansharipova, Aigul O. Kabiyeva, Maratbek T. Gabdullin, Sergey Dobatkin, and Yuri

Subjects
technology, industry, and agriculture, magnesium alloy, equal-channel angular pressing, biodegradation, biocompatibility, alkaline phosphatase activity, osteoconduction, equipment and supplies
Abstract

Widespread use of Mg-Zn-Ca alloys in clinical orthopedic practice requires improvement of their mechanical properties—in particular, ductility—and enhancement of their bioactivity for accelerated osteoreconstruction. The alloy was studied in two structural states: after homogenization and after equal-channel angular pressing. Immersion and potentiodynamic polarization tests showed that the corrosion rate of the alloy was not increased by deformation. The mass loss in vivo was also statistically insignificant. Furthermore, it was found that deformation did not compromise the biocompatibility of the alloy and did not have any significant effect on cell adhesion and proliferation. However, an extract of the alloy promoted the alkaline phosphatase activity of human mesenchymal stromal cells, which indicates osteogenic stimulation of cells. The osteoinduction of the deformed alloy significantly exceeded that of the homogenized one. Based on the results of this work, it can be concluded that the alloy Mg-1%Zn-0.3%Ca modified by equal-channel angular pressing is a promising candidate for the manufacture of biodegradable orthopedic implants since it stimulates osteogenic differentiation and has greater ductility, which provides it with a competitive advantage in comparison with the homogenized state.

Published
2021
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34. Age-specific features of acute myeloid leukemia karyotype

Author

Sergey Vasil'evich Gritsaev, Irina Stepanovna Martynkevich, Lyudmila Sergeevna Martynenko, Marina Petrovna Ivanova, Vasilisa Yur'evna Aksenova, Mikhail Viktorovich Moskalenko, Irina Mikhaylovna Zapreeva, Kudrat Mugutdinovich Abdulkadyrov, S V Gritsaev, I S Martynkevich, L S Martynenko, M P Ivanova, V Yu Aksenova, M V Moskalenko, I M Zapreeva, K M Abdulkadyrov, and Sof'ya Aleksandrovna Tiranova

Subjects
acute myeloid leukemia, age, karyotype, Medicine
Abstract

Aim. To study distribution of some karyotype variants among patients of different age with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Material and methods. Distribution of balanced, normal, unbalanced, complex and monosomic karyotype among 244 patients with de novo AML in age groups 16-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, 61 and older was analysed. Results. There is difference in frequency of balanced and complex karyotype in patients under and over 60 years. Number of AML patients with balanced aberrations including favourable variants t(8;21), t(15;17) and inv(16) falls after 60 years of age (6.7% versus 15.0% in patients aged 16-20 years; p < 0.001), while a complex karyotype occurs more frequently in AML patients at the age of 61 and older (56.8% versus 2.7% in the group 16-20 years; p < 0.001). With age, more frequently detected is the most unfavourable monosomic karyotype with aberrations similar to those in myelodysplastic syndrome (57.1% in patients aged 16-60 years and in 80.0% in the group of 61 years of age and over). Conclusion. Age-specific karyotype features detected may be explained by different biological mechanisms involved in leukosogenesis in young and elderly AML patients.

Published
2011

35. The Mini-CAPTAIN liquid argon time projection chamber

Author

C. Sterbenz, R. G. Van de Water, Y. Sun, E. Pantic, J. Shin, C. Mauger, L. W. Koerner, Y. Wang, A. Yarritu, M. B. Smy, G. T. Garvey, Keith Rielage, M. Gold, N. Dokania, J. Chaves, S. Locke, C. Yanagisawa, J. Yoo, W. C. Louis, M. Tzanov, Charles E. Taylor, Hui Wang, A. R. Sanchez, Todd Haines, H. S. Chen, A. Manalaysay, P. Madigan, S. Elliot, Robert Svoboda, Jeremy Danielson, I. Stancu, A. Karlin, B. Philipbar, C. McGrew, C. Callahan, Kun-Chun Lee, A. Mills, N. Kamp, N. Walsh, B. Bhandari, S. Gardiner, J. Maricic, S. M. Fernandes, R. L. Cooper, C. Grant, S. Martynenko, Veljko Radeka, G. B. Mills, J. Mirabal-Martinez, J. Bian, C. Pitcher, Elena Guardincerri, Juan Ricardo Vidal Medina, J. Y. Ji, D. L. Danielson, M. J. Martinez, V. M. Gehman, R. W. Kadel, M. Rosen, W. Ketchum, G. Sinnis, K. Bilton, E. Martin, David B. Cline, A. Olivier, W. E. Sondheim, C. E. Tull, C. E. Thorn, F. Giuliani, S. Glavin, A. Teymourian, Q. Liu, P. J. Medina, John Ramsey, A. Higuera, and D. M. Lee

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Atomic, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Particle and Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear, 010306 general physics, Neutron measurement, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, physics.ins-det, Mathematical physics, Physics, Time projection chamber, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, Center (category theory), Photon detection system, Molecular, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, Liquid argon detector, Other Physical Sciences, Liquid argon, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Astronomical and Space Sciences
Abstract

This manuscript describes the commissioning of the Mini-CAPTAIN liquid argon detector in a neutron beam at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE), which led to a first measurement of high-energy neutron interactions in argon. The Mini-CAPTAIN detector consists of a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) with an accompanying photomultiplier tube (PMT) array sealed inside a liquid-argon-filled cryostat. The liquid argon is constantly purified and recirculated in a closed-loop cycle during operation. The specifications and assembly of the detector subsystems and an overview of their performance in a neutron beam are reported., 21 pages, 27 figures

Published
2021

36. Role of relativistic laser intensity on isochoric heating of metal wire targets

Author

Dimitri Batani, J. J. Santos, O. Turianska, E. J. Hume, D. Khaghani, G. Boutoux, Lorenzo Giuffrida, Kate Lancaster, Luca Antonelli, S. A. Pikuz, F. Barbato, A. S. Martynenko, Joachim Jacoby, O. N. Rosmej, Paul Neumayer, and J. J. Honrubia

Subjects
Shock wave, X-ray spectroscopy, High power lasers, Plasma diagnostics, X ray spectroscopy, Materials science, business.industry, Isochoric process, X ray spectroscopy, Warm dense matter, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, High power lasers, law.invention, Plasma diagnostics, Optics, law, Wavelength-division multiplexing, Emission spectrum, business
Abstract

In a recent experimental campaign, we used laser-accelerated relativistic hot electrons to ensure heating of thin titanium wire targets up to a warm dense matter (WDM) state [EPL 114, 45002 (2016)10.1209/0295-5075/114/45002]. The WDM temperature profiles along several hundred microns of the wire were inferred by using spatially resolved X-ray emission spectroscopy looking at the Ti Kα characteristic lines. A maximum temperature of ∼30 eV was reached. Our study extends this work by discussing the influence of the laser parameters on temperature profiles and the optimisation of WDM wire-based generation. The depth of wire heating may reach several hundreds of microns and it is proven to be strictly dependent on the laser intensity. At the same time, it is quantitatively demonstrated that the maximum WDM temperature doesn’t appear to be sensitive to the laser intensity and mainly depends on the deposited laser energy considering ranges of 6×1018–6×1020 W/cm2 and 50–200 J.

Published
2021

37. Anti-tumour activity of Mg-6%Ag and Mg-10%Gd alloys in mice with inoculated melanoma

Author

Maxim Rodionov, Yuri Estrin, Sergey V. Dobatkin, Regine Willumeit-Römer, Mikhail Kiselevskiy, N. S. Martynenko, Natalia Yu. Anisimova, and Evgeniy Kornyushenkov

Subjects
Materials science, Silver, Alloy, chemistry.chemical_element, Bioengineering, engineering.material, Biomaterials, Mice, In vivo, Absorbable Implants, medicine, Alloys, Cytotoxic T cell, Animals, Magnesium, Magnesium alloy, Cytotoxicity, Melanoma, technology, industry, and agriculture, equipment and supplies, medicine.disease, In vitro, Corrosion, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, engineering, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract

Cytotoxicity in vitro and anti-tumour activity in vivo of magnesium alloys Mg-6%Ag and Mg-10%Gd was studied. It was shown that specifically designed and thermomechanically processed Mg alloys produced a sizeable cytotoxic effect on PC-3 line tumour cells in vitro through inhibition of their proliferation. A pronounced grain refinement in combination with the formation of second phases and precipitates attained by means of equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) accellerated the degradation and gave rise to enhanced anti-tumour activity of both alloys. The gadolinium-containing alloy outperformed the silver-containing one substantially. In an in vivo assay, intratumoural implantation of pins made from both alloys in the homogenised and the ECAP states in mice with inoculated B16 melanoma gave rise to an indubitable anti-tumour effect. It was documented in a decrease of Ki-67(+) cells and the occurrence of regions of destruction of tumoural tissue that were filled with gas evolving in the course of biodegradation of the implants. The data obtained suggest that intratumoural implantation of gadolinium-containing magnesium alloys can be considered for therapy of inoperable or chemoresistant forms of cancer.

Published
2021

38. Influence of acclimation conditions on winter hardiness of wheat lines with introgressions from Aurotica amphidiploid

Author

Tetiana Iefimenko, V. S. Martynenko, and Tamara Ternovska

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Horticulture, chemistry, Auxin, Genotype, Cold acclimation, food and beverages, Root system, Allele, Common wheat, Biology, Hardiness (plants), Gene
Abstract

Aim . Genome substituted amphidiploid Aurotica and developed common wheat introgressive lines have higher winter hardiness. Gene TaAGL21 , which encodes MADS-box TF controlling auxin transport in the root, plays some role in providing winter hardiness. The aim of this work was to determine the influence of this TF on the root architecture in different cold acclimation conditions. Methods . Quantitative assessment of the root system parameters, genotyping of plants using PCR, the statistical method for comparison of normalized deviations of genotypes in two groups with different alleles of TaAGL21 gene. Results . The root system characteristics such as the maximum root length, the root number, the root quantity, and the root system volume have been determined for Aurora, Aurotica, and introgressive lines grown without natural cold acclimation. Genotypes were grouped for TaAGL21 alleles: allele 2 inherent to Aurotica with better winter hardiness than Aurora, and allele 1 inherent to Aurora. A comparative analysis of the arithmetic mean values for the studied traits with the arithmetic mean values of the same traits assessed in 2015 on plants grown in conditions of natural cold acclimation were conducted. For the plants grown in the natural cold acclimation conditions genotypes with allele 2 of TaAGL gene differed from genotypes with allele 1 of the same gene; whereas, in the absence of cold acclimation no difference was observed for this trait between two groups of plants. Сontrasting results were obtained for the plants grown under the conditions of the natural cold acclimation for their normalized deviations. Conclusions . Allele specific influence of TaAGL21 gene on the root system architecture of common wheat plants and amphidiploid Aurotica depends on the conditions of cold acclimation of wheat plants on the developmental stage before branching of the stem.

Published
2019

39. SPACE AND POVERTY: INTERDISCIPLINARY CONFERENCE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SALZBURG

Author

Nadezda G. Osipova, Darya Ye. Dobrinskaya, Anna V. Liadova, and Tatyana S. Martynenko

Subjects
social inequality, regional inequality, Spatial inequality, Poverty, poverty, university of salzburg, center for ethics and poverty research, Political science, Regional science, Sociology (General), Social inequality, spatial inequality, HM401-1281
Abstract

The article presents the discussion of the international scientific conference on interdisciplinary research on poverty, held at the University of Salzburg in September 2018. This conference was devoted to the study of the features and factors of spatial inequality.

Published
2019

40. Social inequality in the Zigmunt Bauman’s sociologicaltheory

Author

Tatyana S. Martynenko

Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject, postmodern, Identity (social science), Consumption (sociology), HM401-1281, z. bauman, access, Reflexivity, Social position, Sociology (General), Social inequality, Sociology, “liquid” modernity, identity, media_common, Sociological theory, social inequality, Modernity, 05 social sciences, General Engineering, 050301 education, Social relation, Epistemology, individualization, modern sociology, 0509 other social sciences, 050904 information & library sciences, 0503 education
Abstract

The article is devoted to the concept of social inequality of the British sociologist Zygmunt Bauman (1925–2017). The transformation of the views of the sociologist into the problem of social inequality is traced. The article also analyzes the influence of Z. Bauman’s work on modern sociological theory, and identifies a range of basic topics and questions. Based on the biographical and methodological criteria in the work of Z. Bauman, several periods are singled out.The Warsaw period (Poland) is characterized by the influence of Marxism and consideration of social inequality through a class approach. Publications published in Polish did not arouse the interest of the sociological community, but served as a starting point in the work of Z. Bauman. In the Leeds period (Great Britain), the British sociologist significantly reconsiders the methodological foundations of his theory. The key concepts of the second period are «“fluid” modernity», “access”, “consumption”. The notions of “class” and “labour” are replaced by “new poor” existing in unstable communities and forced to construct their own identity through consumption. The important component of this transformation is the process of individualization. Access to displacement, production of culture, information, lack of property as an aggravating factor is distinguished by modern elites.Later, the author actively uses the concept of “postmodern”, and also refers to such categories as “narrative”, “reflexivity” and “identity”. From the objective characteristics of social position, the author turns to an analysis of the perception of the situation in social relations by the subjects of social relations. To describe this subjective assessment Z. Bauman introduces the concepts of “told lives” and “lived stories”. Social inequality is maintained, constructed and reproduced through a set of attitudes prevalent in modern societies. The information revolution does not improve the situation of the poor, but leads to further deterioration of the situation, deepening inequality and exclusion. Nevertheless, “fatality on freedom” allows, according to Z. Bauman, to argue that social inequality is not the only possible fate of mankind.

Published
2019

41. Cytotoxicity of biodegradable magnesium alloy WE43 to tumor cells in vitro: Bioresorbable implants with antitumor activity?

Author

N. S. Martynenko, Sergey V. Dobatkin, Natalia Yu. Anisimova, Boris B. Straumal, Regine Willumeit-Römer, Mikhail Kiselevskiy, and Yuri Estrin

Subjects
Materials science, Cytotoxins, 0206 medical engineering, Alloy, Biomedical Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 020601 biomedical engineering, In vitro, Biomaterials, Annexin, Cell culture, Cell Line, Tumor, Neoplasms, Absorbable Implants, LNCaP, Alloys, Biophysics, engineering, Humans, Cytotoxic T cell, Magnesium alloy, 0210 nano-technology, Cytotoxicity
Abstract

In this study, a degradable magnesium alloy WE43 (Mg-3.56%Y-2.20%Nd-0.47%Zr) was used as a research object. To refine its microstructure from the initial homogenized one, the alloy was subjected to severe plastic deformation (SPD) by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). The data presented show that coincubation of tumor LNCaP and MDA-MB-231 cells with the WE43 alloy in the homogenized and the ECAP-processed states led to a decrease in their viability and proliferation. An increase in the concentration of Annexin V(+) cells during coincubation with samples in both microstructural states investigated was also observed. This is associated with the induction of apoptosis in the cell culture through contact with the samples. Concurrently, a significant drop in the concentration of Bcl-2(+) cells occurred. It was established that ECAP led to an enhancement of the cytotoxic activity of the alloy against tumor cells. This study demonstrated that alloy WE43 can be considered as a promising candidate for application in orthopedic implants in clinical oncology, where it could play a double role of a mechanically stable, yet bioresorbable, scaffold with local antitumor activity. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 108B:167-173, 2020.

Published
2019

42. Effect of equal channel angular pressing on structure, texture, mechanical and in-service properties of a biodegradable magnesium alloy

Author

Elena Lukyanova, D. Prosvirnin, Sergey V. Dobatkin, Yuri Estrin, V. N. Serebryany, N. S. Martynenko, V. Terentiev, and Georgy Raab

Subjects
Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Alloy, 02 engineering and technology, Slip (materials science), engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Microstructure, 01 natural sciences, Fatigue limit, Grain size, 0104 chemical sciences, Mechanics of Materials, Ultimate tensile strength, engineering, General Materials Science, Magnesium alloy, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, Tensile testing
Abstract

Magnesium alloy Mg-1.0%Zn-0.3%Ca was processed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) with the aim to refine its microstructure. ECAP was found to reduce the average grain size from 106.0 ± 2.05 μm in the initial state to 4.0 ± 0.19 μm and 8.0 ± 0.18 μm in the transverse and longitudinal sections, respectively. This resulted in a slight strengthening (the yield strength and the ultimate tensile strength rose from 92 and 194 MPa in the initial stat to 106 and 215 MPa after processing, respectively). The main advantage of ECAP is the concurrent increase of tensile elongation from 12.8% to 23.9%. The absence of pronounced strengthening and a significant increase in ductility are associated with the formation of an inclined basal texture, along with activation of prismatic slip during ECAP. It was also shown that ECAP leads to an increase in the fatigue limit of the alloy from 100 MPa to 110 MPa and does not impair its resistance to chemical corrosion.

Published
2019

43. Grain refinement, texture, and mechanical properties of a magnesium alloy after radial-shear rolling

Author

M. Diez, S. P. Galkin, N. S. Martynenko, Yu. Z. Estrin, Elena N. Lukyanova, S. V. Dobatkin, V. N. Serebryany, and V. Perezhogin

Subjects
Materials science, Deformation (mechanics), Mechanical Engineering, Alloy, Metals and Alloys, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Microstructure, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, Shear (sheet metal), Optical microscope, Mechanics of Materials, law, Materials Chemistry, engineering, Texture (crystalline), Composite material, Magnesium alloy, 0210 nano-technology, Ductility
Abstract

Microstructure (including its uniformity), texture, and mechanical properties of Mg-Al-Zn-Mn alloy billets after radial-shear rolling (RSR) were investigated. RSR with the temperature in the interval 420–140 °C and true strain up to 2.63 was shown to lead to grain refinement down to 1.5–3.5 μm (as determined by optical microscopy). The microstructure was found to be reasonably uniform over the transversal cross-sections of the billets. The transmission electron microscopy analysis also revealed submicron sized grains and the formation of two types of particles: Mg17Al12 particles 300–500 nm in size and MgAl nanoparticles of different shapes 20–40 nm in size. Increments in strain and step-wise decrease in deformation temperature with the number of RSR passes was found to lead to a transformation of the initial basal texture to the prismatic texture. The RSR of the Mg-Al-Zn-Mn magnesium alloy was demonstrated to result in significant strength and good ductility owing to a fortunate interplay between fine grain structure and favorable texture promoting activity of non-basal slip systems.

Published
2019

44. Aging of WE43 magnesium alloy after mechanical crushing and subsequent high pressure torsion

Author

P. B. Straumal, Brigitte Baretzky, N. S. Martynenko, Andrey Mazilkin, and Askar Kilmametov

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Supersaturation, Materials science, Alloy, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Microstructure, 01 natural sciences, Indentation hardness, 0103 physical sciences, engineering, General Materials Science, Magnesium alloy, Severe plastic deformation, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, Dissolution, Solid solution
Abstract

Present work aims at investigation of the consequences of mechanical crushing prior to high pressure torsion (HPT) of the Mg-Y-Nd-Zr (WE43) alloy. Specifically the presence and size of the effect on the aging properties compared to the initially solid state and subsequent HPT are studied. For this, the WE43 alloy was mechanically crushed into particles of 0.5 –1 mm size. Than the obtained powder was formed to pellets and deformed at a pressure of 6 GPa for 10 revolutions with 1 rpm rotation speed. Thermal stability of the HPT processed alloy microstructure was studied by monitoring its microhardness and aging. Mechanical crushing and subsequent HPT processing at room temperature results in significant strengthening of magnesium alloy WE43. It was found that strengthening induced by HPT sustained to 200°C. The strength of the HPT processed alloy was additionally improved by subsequent aging. Extraordinarily high maximum value of microhardness of 1557 ± 25 MPa was reached. We suppose that crushing prior to high pressure torsion creates additional defects induced by the surfaces of individual powder particles during HPT. Additionally the surfaces of individual powder particles can act as segregation centers for rare earth elements. That decreases electrical resistivity due to lower precipitate dissolution and lower solid solution supersaturation.

Published
2019

45. The present state and directions of local self-government and decentralization of power reform in Ukraine

Author

V. Vynohradchyy, A. Nekriach, and S. Martynenko

Subjects
Government, decentralization, media_common.quotation_subject, local self-government, Decentralization, administrative and territorial units, Power (social and political), State (polity), inter-municipal cooperation, Business, local governments, Economic system, lcsh:L, lcsh:Education, media_common
Abstract

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of a new administrative-territorial system formation as well as to the current state and directions of local self-government and decentralization of power reform in Ukraine. The authors explored the processes of finding the optimal format to provide local self-government functions. The regularities of the management levels strengthening according to different schemes are determined. The key aspects of practical experience of unification and the local management level strengthening in the amalgamated territorial communities are discovered. The prospects of realization of a wide range of powers by local self-government bodies are determined. The peculiarities of local and regional administrative-territorial transformations led to the different levels of management strengthening characterised. The authors underlined that local self-government reform is to be carried out on the basis of the Constitution of Ukraine and regulatory acts, the provisions of the European Charter of Local Self-Government. The following principles are to be adhered: the rule of law; openness, transparency and civic participation; subsidiarity; availability of public services.

Published
2019

46. Population dynamics of polymorphism for marker traits in populations of Thinopyrum intermedium

Author

Antonina Lisnichuk, Maksym Аntonyuk, Liana Onuk, V. S. Martynenko, and Tetiana Pasichnyk

Subjects
Abiotic component, biology, Glume, food and beverages, Introgression, Quantitative trait locus, biology.organism_classification, Intraspecific competition, Thinopyrum intermedium, associative variation, spike morphology characters, spike traits, polymorphism, morphotype, Botany, Spike (software development), Adaptation, асоціативна мінливість, ознаки морфології колоса, кількісні ознаки колоса, поліморфізм, морфотип
Abstract

Оцінено рослини п’яти популяцій пирію середнього (Thinopyrum intermedium), що зростали у різних мікрогеографічних умовах, за якісними та кількісними ознаками морфології колоса та їхньої асоціативної мінливості за два роки. Встановлено різницю за середніми значеннями кількісних ознак колоса між усіма популяціями та роками, що вказує на вплив мікрогеографічних умов та клімату на формування морфотипу. Асоційований прояв остей і форми плеча, плеча й форми кіля, остей і форми кіля, деяких пар кількісних та якісних ознак реєструвався або упродовж обох років досліджень, або був характерний для кожного окремого року, й міг відігравати роль в адаптації рослини до абіотичних умов. Наявна динаміка змін морфотипу у популяціях між роками вказує на адаптивну роль ознак опушення та особливостей луски, які варіюють зі змінами умов довкілля. Матеріал надійшов 11.06.2018, Aim. Search for morphological traits that are essential for adaptive potential of the species and variable in different environments is an important part of microevolutional studies, as well as intraspecific and introgressive hybridization. Methods. Measuring and visual assessment of spike morphology. Results. Plants from five populations of Thinopyrum intermedium grown in different microgeografic conditions have been assessed for qualitative (spike color, spike hairiness, glume characteristics) and quantitative (flower number, spikelet number, spike length, spikelet length, distance between spikelets) spike morphology traits. Their associative variability for two years and its role in formation of morphotypes in populations have been investigated. The difference of average values of spike quantitative traits indicates the impact of microgeografic conditions and climate on morphotype formation. Associated manifestations of awns and shape of glume arm, arm shape and keel shape, some pairs of quantitative and qualitative traits either have been registered in both years of study or were characteristic for some particular year, and could have played role in plants’ adaptation to abiotic conditions. Conclusions. In populations of Thinopyrum intermedium grown in different conditions, dynamic polymorphisms for qualitative and quantitative traits are important for plants’ adaptability. Differences in average values of spike quantitative traits have been determined among all populations and years, which indicates the influence of microgeografic conditions and climate on these traits. Received: 11.06.2018

Published
2018

47. Study of the Structure Formation during Compression for Selecting Multiaxial Deformation Conditions for an Mg–Ca Alloy

Author

E. A. Luk’yanova, N.Yu. Yurchenko, Nikita Stepanov, N. S. Martynenko, L. L. Rokhlin, S. V. Dobatkin, and Gennady A. Salishchev

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Materials science, Alloy, Metals and Alloys, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Grain size, 0103 physical sciences, Ultimate tensile strength, Hardening (metallurgy), engineering, Deformation bands, Elongation, Deformation (engineering), Composite material, Magnesium alloy, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

The structure homogeneity of the Mg–0.8% Ca alloy is shown to increase with temperature during uniaxial compression. Plastic deformation localizes in narrow and wide deformation bands at 250–350°C. A small number of regions with recrystallized grains is observed only after deformation at 400°C. A relatively homogeneous recrystallized structure with an average grain size of about 20 μm forms after uniaxial compression at t = 450°C. Multiaxial deformation at decreasing temperature in the range 450–250°C significantly refines the initial structure of the Mg–0.8% Ca alloy to an average grain size of 2.1 μm. This structure leads to a significant hardening, namely, an increase in the yield strength to 193 MPa and the tensile strength to 308 MPa. The relative elongation after multiaxial deformation increases by more than two times.

Published
2018

48. X-ray spectroscopy of relativistic plasma with controlled preplasma formation at J-KAREN-P experiments

Author

Pikuz, T., A. Alkhimova, M., N. Ryazantsev, S., Yu. Skobelev, I., Pikuz, S., S. Martynenko, A., V. Sedov, M., N. Shatokhin, A., A. Vishnyakov, E., Akito, Sagisaka, Koichi, Ogura, Gonzalez Izquierdo, B., Kotaro, Kondo, Yasuhiro, Miyasaka, Akira, Kon, Masahiko, Ishino, Masaharu, Nishikino, Timur, Esirkepov, Kevin Koga, James, Masaki, Kando, Hiromitsu, Kiriyama, Kiminori, Kondo, Kodama, R., Tetsuya, Kawachi, Yuji, Fukuda, Pirozhkov, Alexander, Sakawa, Y., and Yuuji, Fukuda

Abstract

After recent upgrade of the Petawatt-class J-KEREN-P laser system the experiments with on-target relativistic intensity up to 10^22 W/cm^2 (pulse energy ~10 J, pulse length ~40 fs, focal spot down to 1.5 um) are routinely carried out at KPSI, QST. In general, for solid targets the plasma formation threshold is of ~10^10-10^12 W/cm^2, therefore the long ASE prepulse, short and ultrashort pedestal intensity crucially impact the formation of plasma conditions and the observed phenomena. It was demonstrated that there exists a strong dependence of the degree of Fe ionization on a laser prepulse, and that an effective generation of energetic, multiply-charged moderate- and high-Z ions can be driven only with laser pulses of ultra-high contrast. Here we report on the new experiments performed at J-KAREN-P laser with the tailored plasma density profile created by specially incorporated prepulse. For the prepulse the ~1/100 of the main pulse power was picked up and delivered to the target with controlled sub-nanosecond time interval prior to the main pulse. The prepulse was focused: (1) on the front of a stainless steel foil for the formation of downstream preplasma with conditions aiming the efficient generation of x-ray flare and high-order harmonics (experiment led by A.S. Pirozhkov); and (2) on the rear-side of a 4-Chlorosterene foil mimicking upstream preplasma, which has the necessary density profile for collisionless shock ion acceleration, when the main pulse is irradiated (experiment led by Y. Fukuda and Y. Sakawa). For both experiments, we present the detailed analysis of plasma parameters provided by means of high-resolution x-ray spectroscopic methods, based on emission characteristics of plasma in the spectral range of Ne-like Fe and H-like Cl ionization states, respectively., International Conference on High Energy Density Sciences (HEDS2021)

Published
2021

49. Analysis of Lyα Dielectronic Satellites to Characterize Temporal Profile of Intense Femtosecond Laser Pulses

Author

Hiromitsu Kiriyama, Maksim V. Sedov, Igor Yu. Skobelev, Artem S. Martynenko, Sergey A. Pikuz, Tatiana A. Pikuz, Yuji Fukuda, M. A. Alkhimova, S. N. Ryazantsev, Alexander S. Pirozhkov, and Mikhail D. Mishchenko

Subjects
Plasma parameters, General Chemical Engineering, laser contrast, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, law.invention, preplasma threshold, 010309 optics, Inorganic Chemistry, dielectronic satellites, law, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:QD901-999, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, Physics, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Computational physics, temporal profile, crystal-based spectrographs, laser plasma, Physics::Space Physics, Femtosecond, Plasma parameter, X-ray spectroscopy, high-power laser—plasma interaction, lcsh:Crystallography
Abstract

In the paper, an X-ray spectroscopy-based approach on laser pulse temporal profile characterization is described. The structure of dielectronic satellites to H-like Ly&alpha, lines strongly depends on a plasma electron density, so it can be applied for diagnostics. These spectral lines are mainly emitted during initial stage of laser plasma expansion. It means that plasma parameters obtained via them characterizes matter conditions in a region surrounding a spot of laser-matter interaction. In the case when a laser contrast is high enough, the radiation interacts with cold matter, which had not been preliminary perturbed by a laser prepulse, and the satellites structure shape corresponding to high densities should be observed. It allows us to consider the satellites as a diagnostic tool for the laser temporal profile quality. In the paper dependencies of the dielectronic satellites structure on electron densities obtained from detailed kinetic calculations in the wide range of plasma parameter for different elements are under discussion. Fundamental theoretical aspects of plasma diagnostic based on the feature of satellite structures shape in hot dense plasma, which led to development of the proposed method, are also explained.

Published
2021
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50. Shock Hugoniot data for water up to 5 Mbar obtained with quartz standard at high-energy laser facilities

Author

D. Mancelli, I. Errea, A. Tentori, O. Turianska, H. Larreur, K. Katagiri, N. Ozaki, N. Kamimura, D. Kamibayashi, K. Ishida, H. Ogura, K. Kawasaki, Y. Maeda, Y. Hironaka, K. Shigemori, K. Batani, G. Schaumann, O. Rosmej, P. Neumayer, B. Zielbauer, A. S. Martynenko, E. D. Filippov, S. Pikuz, D. Batani, European Commission, European Research Council, and Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation

Subjects
Article Subject, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Abstract

In this work, we present experimental results on the behavior of liquid water at megabar pressure. The experiment was performed using the HIPER (High-Intensity Plasma Experimental Research) laser facility, a uniaxial irradiation chamber of GEKKO XII (GXII) at the Institute of Laser Engineering (ILE), and the PHELIX at GSI (GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research), a single-beam high-power laser facility, to launch a planar shock into solid multilayered water samples. Equation-of-state data of water (H2O) are obtained in the pressure range 0.50–4.6 Mbar by tuning the laser-drive parameters. The Hugoniot parameters (pressure, density, etc.) and the shock temperature were simultaneously determined by using VISAR and SOP as diagnostic tools and quartz as the standard material for impedance mismatch experiments. Finally, our experimental results are compared with hydrodynamic simulations tested with different equations of state, showing good compatibility with tabulated SESAME tables for water., The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the laser technical team at GEKKO XII (ILE) and PHELIX (GSI). This work received funding from the Euratom Research and Training Program 2014–2018 and 2019-2020 (Grant agreement no. 633053). The involved teams were operated within the framework of the Enabling Research Project ENR-IFE19.CEA-01, Study of Direct Drive and Shock Ignition for IFE: Theory, Simulations, Experiments, Diagnostics Development. JIHT RAS team members were supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (State Assignment no. 075-00460-21-00).

Published
2021

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