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A new species, Frullania tibetica Mamontov & J. J. Atwood, is described and illustrated from Tibet, China. The species is morphologically similar to F. parvistipula Steph. in its slender leafy shoots, caducous and broadly ovate dorsal lobes, consistently inflated and galeate lobules, and obcuneate underleaves with toothed lateral margins. The new species differs in its more parallel lobule position and unequally sized lobule mouth valves on well-developed shoots, broader styli, irregularly repand gynoecial lobes, lack of gemmae on the leaf margins, and perianths with a densely tuberculate and spinose ornamentation. Based on the combination of its size, presumptively dioicous sexuality, lobe, lobule, and underleaf morphology, terminal position of the gynoecia on the stem, and trigonous, conspicuously armed perianths, F. tibetica is referable to Frullania Raddi subg. Trachycolea Spruce sect. Trachycolea (Spruce) Grolle.

A periodic group is called an OCn-group if the set of its element orders consists of all natural numbers from 1 to some natural n. W. Shi posed the question whether every OCn-group is locally finite. Until now, the case n = 8 remains open. Here we prove that if a group is generated by an involution and an element of order 3, and its element orders do not exceed 8, then it is finite. Thereby we obtain an affirmative answer to Shi’s question for n = 8 for (2, 3)-generated groups.

The genus Moerckia Gottsche belongs to the order Pallaviciniales, the phylogeny of which has been insufficiently studied. We re-evaluate the phylogenetic position of M. blyttii and the importance o...

Let $ G $ be a periodic group, and let $ \omega(G)\subseteq{𝕅} $ be the spectrum of $ G $ that is the set of orders of elements in $ G $ . We prove that the alternating group $ A_{7} $ is uniquely recognized by its spectrum in the class of all groups.

The article analyzes the concept “past” as a component of the Russian language picture of the world. The authors make a comprehensive conceptual description of the past based on the three-part model of the concept according to V.I. Karasik – “image, concept, value”. Addressing this topic is due to the lack of a linguocultural description of the concept of the past in Russian science, as well as the need to expand the fund of conceptual descriptions of the components of Russian linguistic culture. The aim of the research is a comprehensive description of the concept of the past focused on identifying its value characteristics, which corresponds to the linguistic cultural direction, within which culture can be understood as a set of meanings, values and norms. The research methodology is based on the structure of everyday consciousness described by O.A. Kornilov and includes an analysis of sensoryreceptive, logical-conceptual, emotional-evaluative and value-moral components of the concept. The procedures of conceptual analysis include the analysis of dictionary definitions of the keyword, the construction of a figurative semantic field based on synonyms and compatibility, the analysis of associations, the analysis of phraseological units, the analysis of proverbs and sayings. The main sources of the research are explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language edited by D.N. Ushakov, A.S. Gerd and T.F. Efremova, New Explanatory Dictionary of Russian Synonyms edited by Yu.D. Apresyan, dictionaries of synonyms edited by Z.E. Aleksandrova, Associative Thesaurus of the Modern Russian Language edited by Yu.N. Karaulov, phraseological dictionaries of the Russian language edited by E.N. Teliya and A.I. Fyodorov, dictionaries of proverbs and sayings edited by V.I. Zimin and V.P. Zhukov. The main results of the study are related to the modeling of the field structure of the conceptual field ’’past’’ with the identification of its neutral core, perinuclear and connotatively marked periphery. The final stage of the analysis suggests that the value component of the concept ’’past’’ is a bipolar zone, within which two mutually exclusive groups of behavioral norms coexist, reflecting the two value centers of the concept.

The article discusses functional and semantic status of Future Tense grammatical markers of the Korean language. Despite the fact that discussions on this issue have been going on for more than a dozen years, still among researchers, there is no consensus on how many grammemes make up the category of Tense in Korean, whether it contains an independent Future Tense grammeme, and if so, which markers should be relevant to it. Due to the relevance of the problem, the authors aim to give a brief overview of the opinions on the issue, dividing them into two groups - asserting the presence of the Future Tense grammeme in Korean or denying it, as well as to justify personal position on the status of grammatical markers with prospective semantics. As research material, various Korean grammar researches and Korean grammar (connective and finite endings and constructions with - (으)ㄹ Korean Future Tense participle marker) are used. The result of the study shows that Korean Tense category has no specific Future Tense forms as opposed to the Present and Past Tense forms. All markers with prospective semantics are modal, which means that the Futurum category in Korean implements itself in the functional and semantic field of modality rather than temporality. Authors argue statement that -(으)ㄹ 것이다 Korean construction has the ability to act as neutral non-modal Future Tense marker. According to the point of view of a systemically oriented approach to the grammatical units analysis, presented in the article, the conclusion about Korean -(으)ㄹ 것이다s modal status is made.

The Khasurty locality (Lower Cretaceous of Transbaikalia, Russia) is one of the largest fossil insect sites in the region. Over the entire period of study, more than 6000 insect imprints have been collected here, representing 16 orders and 130 families. Dipterans, aphids and hymenopterans are the most common forms here, the most diverse taxa are Diptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Trichoptera. In addition to insects, remains of crustaceans, mosses, liverworts and vascular plants were found in Khasurty, as well as occasional finds of arachnids, bird feathers and fish scales. Two new families, 17 new genera and 21 new species of Trichoptera, two new species of Orthoptera, one new genus and species of Phasmatoptera, one new species of Reculida, three new genera and species of Hemiptera, a new genus and species of Thysanoptera, a new genus and species of Hymenoptera, a new subfamily, two new genera and six new species of Lepidoptera, three new genera and four new species of Neuroptera, as well as a new genus and species of liverworts are described. In terms of the composition of the fauna and flora, the Khasurty locality is very peculiar, it includes both Jurassic and Cretaceous taxa, but in general it can be attributed to the Jehol biota.

The purpose of this work is to research significance of experimental procedures usage, in particular so called “psychosemantic” approach in process of nationally addressed educational dictionaries for foreign students, studying language as cross-cultural communication means creation, including a dictionary of values for foreigners. In concrete case we are speaking about the Mongolian students, studying Russian and, accordingly, Russian culture. The investigation is based on principles of comparative Russian-Mongolian cultural values description, received by experimental way. Necessary to underline that in comparative description of the values content it is expediently to proceed from, that content of any linguistic unit is formed by contextual meaning of this unit. Every unit functions in some contexts, therefore in description of any lingual unit usage it is expediently to take into consideration maximum number of context types. In our opinion, it is possible to speak about existence of so-called “Mongolian’s and Russian’s values”. The last plays a considerable role in nationally addressed lexicography (NAL).

Introduction. Frullania Raddi is one of the largest genera of liverworts, and the number of accepted names is still fluctuating as a result of ongoing revisionary work. Specimens, believed to be F....

Since the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in late 2019, vaccines against the COVID-19 infection have been under development using different approaches. At present, protective immunity factors against COVID-19 infection are not completely characterized. Of the four structural proteins of coronavirus, the spike protein (S) and the nucleocapsid protein (N) are most widely expressed in viral infections and elicit the antibody response. Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) presents a problem for developing a vaccine against SARS-CoV. It was shown in animal studies that SARS-CoV-1 vaccines containing recombinant S-protein or DNA-vaccine expressed S-protein led to pulmonary immunopathology after infection with SARS virus. Antibodies to the coronavirus S-protein produced by the human immune system in response to infection may contribute to the penetration of SARS-CoV into monocytes and macrophages through the Fc-gamma receptor (FcγR) and may aggravate the course of infection. The demonstration of ADE with coronavirus infection raises fundamental questions regarding the development of vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the use of passive prophylaxis or treatment with virus-specific monoclonal antibodies. Evaluation of the mechanisms of immunopathology, including the responses of immunoglobulins and cytokines to vaccines, and tests for antigen-antibody complexes after infection and vaccination can help address these issues.

Frullania usamiensis is recorded for the first time for Russia from Kunashir Island, the southernmost island of the Greater Kuril Chain. It is the northernmost locality of the species, which was previously known from Japan (Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu), China (coastal provinces Fujian and Liaoning) and the Republic of Korea. Frullania usamiensis is distinguished by (1) relatively large, emarginate or shallowly bilobed underleaves with obtuse lobes and mostly rounded sinus, (2) characteristic leaf lobules which are transversely elongated (when inflated), about × 1.5–1.9 as wide as long, with incurved rostral portion, and (3) smooth perianth with three keels. Description and photomicrographs of F. usamiensis from Kunashir Island are provided together with discussion on its ecology, variation and differentiation from having much in common F. kagoshimensis and F. taradakensis.

The article is devoted to the modern direction in linguistics - cultural linguistics in the aspect of teaching Russian as a means of intercultural communication. Basing on scientific papers, his own extensive scientific and pedagogical experience and needs of linguodidactics, the author proposes to determine this discipline in a wide sense considering teaching the representatives of different linguistic cultures, different traditions, customs, systems of values. The essence of culture is understood as a specific way of human life and activity, having verbal representation. Cultural linguistics is focused on the specifics of the addressee’s native culture and building the most adequate model of teaching Russian as a means of intercultural communication in modern educational space. The review article allows to consider cultural linguistics in an applied aspect relevant to the methods of teaching language, including Russian as a foreign language.

A study of Rovno amber revealed two liverworts of the genus Frullania (Frullaniaceae, Marchantiophyta), new to the Late Eocene flora of Rovno amber. One of these liverworts is characterized by the mammillose surface of the upper part of ventral lobules. This taxon is described as F. ekaterinae Mamontov, Ignatov, and Perkovsky, sp. nov. The other is distinguished by the ventral lobules remote from the stem and tilted outwards. This taxon is interpreted as a new species, F. schmalhausenii Mamontov, Ignatov and Perkovsky, sp. nov.

Two new species are described from the Late Eocene Rovno amber: Sematophyllites katyae Ignatov and Ignatova sp. nov. and S. rovnoi Ignatov and Ignatova sp. nov., and S. subjulaceum is recorded from a new locality. The spectra of moss families of the Rovno and Baltic amber are compared. A conclusion is made on the general similarity of the growing environment present in the Rovno and Baltic amber forests, where existed suitable conditions for Sphagnum, which grew submerged being heavily covered with diatoms.

Prefabricated reinforced concrete structures are widely used to speed up the erection of structures in construction practice; they are connected during installation by means of embedded core elements, subsequently monolithic with concrete. Under the influence of external loads, axial tensile and transverse shear forces arise in such nodal joints, which are often neglected in the static analysis of structures. In turn, this can lead to the development of ultimate deformations in the assembly, to a change in the conditions for fixing the structure, and, as a consequence, to their premature collapse. This article discusses the effect of the axial pulling force in the reinforcing bar on the stress-strain condition (VAT) of the concrete mass surrounding it. To solve this problem, a numerical experiment is carried out in the ANSYS 19.0 Workbench package, in which the adhesion of fiberglass and metal reinforcement to concrete is simulated. It allows establishing the nature of the stress distribution in the core embedment area.

The number of available liverwort fossils substantially increased within the past decade, which is mainly due to new findings from Cretaceous and Cenozoic amber deposits. Many of them, however, are fragmentary and not predestined for consideration in evolutionary analyses. Here, we list those liverwort fossils that we suggest as suitable for calibrating phylogenetic reconstructions, along with brief descriptions, justification of their use, and age information. Our recommendations are based on thorough microscopic investigation of available fossils from worldwide amber collections including recent findings. We recommend that the following 42 fossil taxa can be used as confident minimum age constraints in phylogenetic reconstructions: Acrolejeunea ucrainica (35 Ma), Anastrophyllum rovnoi (35 Ma), Bazzania polyodus (34 Ma), Blepharolejeunea obovata (15 Ma), the genus Bryopteris with B. bispinosa and B. succinea (15 Ma), Calypogeia stenzeliana (34 Ma), Cephaloziella nadezhdae (35 Ma), the genus Ceratolejeunea with C. antiqua, C. palaeomexicana, and C. sublaetefusca (15 Ma), Cheilolejeunea latiloba (34 Ma), Cheirorhiza brittae (158 Ma), Cololejeunea sp. (15 Ma), Cyclolejeunea archaica (15 Ma), Dibrachiella grollei (15 Ma), Diettertia montanensis (112 Ma), Drepanolejeunea eogena (15 Ma), the genus Frullania with F. baerlocheri, F. cretacea, and F. partita (99 Ma), Frullania subgen. Frullania with F. casparyi (34 Ma) and F. riclefgrollei (35 Ma), F. subgen. Trachycolea with F. rovnoi (35 Ma) and F. schumannii (34 Ma), Gackstroemia cretacea (99 Ma), Geocalyx heinrichsii (34 Ma), the genus Lejeunea with L. hamatiloba, L. miocenica, L. resinata, and L. urbanioides (15 Ma), Lopholejeunea subnigricans (15 Ma), Marchantites cyathodoides (228 Ma), Marchesinia brachiata (15 Ma), Metzgeriothallus sharonae (383 Ma), Microlejeunea nyiahae (52 Ma), Neurolejeunea macrostipula (15 Ma), Nipponolejeunea europaea (34 Ma), Notoscyphus balticus (34 Ma), Odontoschisma (sect. Iwatsukia) dimorpha (34 Ma), Plagiochila groehnii (34 Ma), Porella subgrandiloba (34 Ma), Protolophozia kutscheri (34 Ma), Radula (subgen. Odontoradula) cretacea (99 Ma), R. (subgen. Amentuloradula) heinrichsii (99 Ma), Scapania hoffeinsiana (34 Ma), Solenostoma berendtii (34 Ma), Spruceanthus polonicus (34 Ma), Stictolejeunea squamata (15 Ma), Tetralophozia groehnii (34 Ma), Thysananthus auriculatus (15 Ma), Thysananthus contortus (34 Ma). Furthermore, we transfer Lophozia kutscheri to Protolophozia, Archilejeunea grollei to Dibrachiella, Frullania ucrainica to Acrolejeunea, and Mastigolejeunea extincta to Spruceanthus, based on new fossil evidence and morphological revisions.

The article is devoted to the principles of nationally oriented lexicography - a new direction in Russian studies. Using the example of nationally oriented linguistic and country studies learner's dictionary project, the paper shows that it can be created on the basis of the Russian linguistic and country studies dictionary by adding Mongolian material to its content and by comparing lexical backgrounds of the same culture-specific concepts in two linguistic cultures. The purpose of the nationally oriented linguistic and country studies learner's dictionary – the explication of the cultural component of the language unit semantics, taking into account the specifics of the national culture and the language of the addressee at the same time and taking into account the stage of learning – is reflected in the content and structure of the dictionary in general and dictionary entries in particular. Selecting nominative units and providing vocabulary objectivity are determined by the addressee's communicative needs. The author uses the methods of semantization of lexical units adopted in educational lexicography and determined by the specifics of both the material and the addresse. The paper provides the characteristics of techniques that ensure compliance with the proportions in using target and native languages. The draft dictionary presented in the article is able to serve as a "starting point" in creating a new type of dictionaries and further developing fundamentals of the theory of nationally oriented educational linguistic and cultural lexicography in relation to the needs of teaching Russian as a foreign language in the absence of the language environment.

Three new fossil bryophytes are described from Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous deposits of the Transbaikalia region of Russia. The complex thalloid hepatic Khasurtythallus monosolenioides gen. et sp. nov. belongs to the Marchantiidae, but its combination of characters precludes unequivocal placement in any of the five orders of this subclass, representing most likely an extinct lineage. Paleaethallus squarrosus gen. et sp. nov. is a thalloid plant with scales similar to those of complex thalloid hepatics, although their arrangement and the overall plant structure has little in common with any extant hepatics. Dispersed moss capsules, three of which have attached calyptrae, are described as a form genus Kulindobryum gen. nov. Despite incomplete preservation, some rare characters indicate possible relationship to the genus Tayloria of the Splachnaceae, an extant family of mosses adapted to grow on animal dung, dead bodies and bones. Notably, Kulindobryum co‐occurs with bones of the small feathered dinosaurs Kulindadromeus, which also supports an affiliation of Kulindobryum with the Splachnaceae. The most common and best known Mesozoic moss for the region, the genus Bryokhutuliinia, is appraised for its systematic position and probable affinities with the Dicranales. A scoring approach is introduced for the comparative method of taxonomic placement of fossils with partial suites of morphological characters at the family or order level.

The main points of view on the problem of bilingualism are considered in the article. The theoretical part of the work contains the most significant research positions in relation to this phenomenon. The practical part presents the results of an associative survey to identify the process of formation of a secondary linguistic personality among Korean-Russian and Russian-Korean subordinate bilinguals. Associative stimulus was the words of the thematic group “Time” (“long ago”, “recently”, “soon”, etc.). Respondents were subordinate bilinguals (B2 and higher). The results of the experiment suggest that in the consciousness of subordinate bilinguals (level B2 and higher), an intensive process of formation of a secondary associative system and a secondary linguistic personality begins.