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Ramsay Cook (1931–2016) was a respected scholar and a much-loved friend whose scholarship and graduate supervision helped a new generation of historians rewrite the history of Canada. To mark his life and career, the Canadian Historical Association hosted a round table at its 2017 annual meeting which provided the basis for the short essays in this “Life in History” section dedicated to Cook. Donald Wright uses Barker Fairley’s portrait of a young Ramsay Cook as a starting point to consider his career and its animating themes. As an undergraduate at the University of Toronto in the late 1960s, Greg Kealey studied with Cook; a few years later, he and Cook discovered a shared interest in the radical Toronto journalist Phillips Thompson, also known as Jimuel Briggs. One of “Ramsay’s girls,” Franca Iacovetta remembers a generous doctoral thesis supervisor who took an active interest in not only her scholarship but the scholarship of a number of feminist historians. Strictly speaking, Adele Perry was not Cook’s doctoral student, but as a graduate student at York University, she appreciated his capacious understanding of Canadian history and his intellectual commitment to historical analysis unhooked from the yoke of nationalism. Robert Fraser was neither Cook’s student nor his university colleague, but he worked closely with him at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography (dcb) and came to admire his leadership and his commitment to scholarship during a difficult moment in the dcb’s history.

Kealey reflects on his development as a historian with emphasis on the influential politics of the 1960s and considerable attention to the importance of community in the emergence of a new Canadian social history.

Workers in Hard Times: A Long View of Economic Crises, edited by Leon Fink, Joseph A. McCartin, and Joan Sangster. Urbana, University of Illinois Press, 2014. 304 pp. $50.00 US (cloth). This collection of twelve essays is dedicated to the memory of one of its authors, the outstanding historian of the US working class, David Montgomery who died in 2014. It stems from a conference held at Georgetown University in Washington, DC, in September 2011 that was sponsored by the journal, Labor: Studies in the Working-Class Experience of the Americas. The three editors of this volume are in alphabetical order respectively Editor, Contributing Editor, and Associate Editor of Labor. As they tell us in their brief, sixteen page introduction, the essays attempt to put the current economic crisis into historical perspective while simultaneously trying to identify the "particular historical moment in the history of global capitalism." (p. 3) The collection is broadly organized into four sections: "Depression and Working-Class Lives" (three essays); "Economic Dislocation as Political Crisis" (two); "Social Welfare Struggles from the Liberal to the Neoliberal State" (three); and "Workers and the Shakeup of the New World Order" (four). Essays range in coverage from nineteenth-century Toronto's dispossessed (Heroux and Palmer) to Soviet Workers during Stalin's Terror (Goldman) to international comparisons of workers' struggles in the Great Depression and during the current crisis (Finkel, Stein, Nolan, Edward Montgomery) and then to contemporary struggles in Newfoundland (Cadigan), China (Lu Zhang), and Greece (Wainwright). The editors and their authors try to bring together two relatively distinct traditions in Marxist-oriented discussions of capitalist crisis in historical perspective: first, the varieties of Marxist analyses in the political economy tradition represented by a range of thinkers from classical Marxism to contemporary figures as diverse as Frank, Wallerstein, Arrighi, Mandel through to Canadians Leo Panitch and Sam Gindin; and second, the British Marxist-inspired working-class history as developed over the past forty years. Or, as the editors put it, "the challenge for historians of labor is to be truly cognizant of the political economy debates that help us explain crisis without losing sight of the human lives and the costs for workers and their communities" (p. 10). How well the authors deliver on this laudable intent is probably best left to readers of the volume to assess for themselves as the range covered in chronological and national terms defies this reviewer's competence, but I would draw attention to the Canadian essays by Heroux and Palmer, Finkel and Cadigan. The first analyzes Toronto workers' responses to capitalist crisis from 1873 to 1925, building on an earlier, more theorized essay in Labour/le Travail (2012), which should be read as a companion piece. …

The 19th annual symposium of the International Isotope Society's United Kingdom Group took place at the Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK on Thursday 14th October 2010. The meeting was attended by around 80 delegates from academia and industry, the life sciences, chemical, radiochemical and scientific instrument suppliers. Delegates were welcomed by Dr. Ken Lawrie (GlaxoSmithKline, UK, chair of the IIS UK group). The subsequent scientific programme consisted of oral and poster presentations on isotopic chemistry and applications of labelled compounds, or of chemistry with potential implications for isotopic synthesis. Both short-lived and long-lived isotopes were represented, as were stable isotopes. The symposium programme was divided into a morning and an afternoon session chaired by Prof. Chris Willis (University of Bristol, UK) and Dr. Nigel Botting (University of St Andrews, UK) respectively. In addition, a short presentation on the formation of Special Interest Groups within the International Isotope Society was given by Dr. George Ellames (Covance, UK), who asked members with particular isotopic interests to contact him (george.ellames@covance.com) if they would like to be involved in forming or participating in these groups. The UK meeting concluded with remarks from Dr. Ken Lawrie (GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK). This year's UK symposium had an excellent level of sponsorship, and the symposium should prove self-financing. The location and facilities of the Hinxton campus again proved very popular and the next IIS UK symposium is provisionally planned for 18th October 2011 at the same venue.

Acid hydrolysis of (EtO)3Si(CH2)3NH2 in the presence of ZnCl2 affords the silsesquioxane derivative [Si8O12((CH2)3NH3)8]8+·2.8[ZnCl4]2−·2.4[Cl]−, which has been characterized by X-ray crystallography. Direct reaction of [Si8O12((CH2)3NH3)8]Cl8 with the chlorides of Co(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) in methanol gave the compounds [Si8O12((CH2)3NH3)8][MCl4]4 (M = Co, Cu, Cd) but of insufficient crystal quality for X-ray study. The octaimide Si8O12[(CH2)3N(COMe)2]8 was obtained by reacting [Si8O12((CH2)3NH3)8]Cl8 with acetic anhydride and X-ray crystallography shows it to have a slightly flattened structure rather than having the eight pendant groups pointing to the corners of a cube. Metal complexes of the silsesquioxane Si8O12((CH2)3NH2)8 (L) of stoichiometry L(MX2)2 with some salts of Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd are also reported.

While the history of the RCMP security service is becoming better known, study of its nineteenth-century predecessors is just beginning. From experiments with a rural police force established in Lower Canada in the aftermath of the 1837 Rebellions, the United Provinces of Canada created two secret police forces in 1864 to protect the border from American invasion. With the end of the Civil War, these forces turned to protecting the Canadas from Fenian activities. The Dominion Police, established in 1868, provided a permanent home for the secret service. The NWMP followed in 1873. Unlike the English, whose Victorian liberalism was suspicious of political and secret police, Canadians appear to have been much more accepting of such organisations and did not challenge John A. Macdonald's creation or control of a secret police. Republicanism, whether in the guise of Quebec, Irish or American nationalism, was seen as antithetical to the new nation of Canada, and a secret police was deemed necessary to protect the nation against it., Si l'on connaît mieux maintenant l'histoire du Service de sécurité de la G.R.C., on en sait toutefois encore peu sur ses origines, au XIXe siècle. Dans le sillage des rébellions de 1837, le Canada-Uni avait établi une police rurale dans le Bas-Canada et riche de cette expérience, il avait créé deux forces de police secrète en 1864 pour défendre sa frontière contre une éventuelle invasion américaine. La guerre civile terminée, on donna à ces deux corps policiers le mandat de protéger le Canada-Uni de l'activisme des Fenians. La Police fédérale, créée en 1868, prit sous son aile les services secrets. Puis, ce fut l'établissement de la Police à cheval du Nord-Ouest en 1873. Contrairement aux Anglais, que leur libéralisme victorien rendait méfiants envers toute police politique ou secrète, les Canadiens semblaient plus ouverts à la présence de telles organisations ; ils ne songèrent donc pas à contester la décision de John A. Macdonald de créer ou de disposer d'une police secrète. Celle-ci, estimait-on, devait prémunir la jeune nation contre le républicanisme, qu'il se manifestât dans le nationalisme québécois, irlandais ou américain, car l’on jugeait cette doctrine politique contraire à l’esprit devant animer le nouveau Canada.

The Negishi coupling reaction between arylzinc halide reagents and (11)CH3I has been used to synthesise (11)C-methylated arene species via a palladium-mediated process. The metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype-5 radiotracer [(11)C]MPEP has been radiolabelled using this technique.

A number of phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10) inhibitors are about to undergo clinical evaluation for their efficacy in treating schizophrenia. As phosphodiesterases are in the same signalling pathway as dopamine D2 receptors, it is possible that prior antipsychotic treatment could influence these enzyme systems in patients. Chronic, in contrast to acute, antipsychotic treatment has been reported to increase brain PDE10A levels in rodents. The aim of this study was to confirm these findings in a manner that can be translated to human imaging studies to understand its consequences. Positron emission tomography (PET) scanning was used to evaluate PDE10A enzyme availability, after chronic haloperidol administration, using a specific PDE10A ligand ([(11)C]MP-10). The binding of [(11)C]MP-10 in the striatum and the cerebellum was measured in rodents and a simplified reference tissue model (SRTM) with cerebellum as the reference region was used to determine the binding potential (BPND). In rats treated chronically with haloperidol (2 mg kg(-1) per day), there was no significant difference in PDE10A levels compared with the vehicle-treated group (BPND±s.d.: 3.57 ± 0.64 versus 2.86 ± 0.71). Following PET scans, ex vivo analysis of striatal brain tissue for PDE10A mRNA (Pde10a) and PDE10A enzyme activity showed no significant difference. Similarly, the PDE10A protein content determined by western blot analysis was similar between the two groups, contrary to an earlier finding. The results of the study indicate that prior exposure to antipsychotic medication in rodents does not alter PDE10A levels.

Objective:To discuss the diagnostic pitfalls and limitations of imaging investigations in non-otogenic skull base osteomyelitis.Case report:This paper reports a fatal case of non-otogenic fungal skull base osteomyelitis in an immunosuppressed patient. The patient initially presented with headache and later diplopia during multiple hospital admissions. A retrospective review of the initial imaging studies of his skull base revealed subtle signs of early infection at the inferior portion of the nasopharynx. Biopsies were taken from the posterior nasopharyngeal wall. Fungal cultures isolated Aspergillus fumigatus and mucor species.Conclusion:The insidious onset of the clinical features and the limitations of the currently available investigations make early diagnosis of skull base osteomyelitis difficult. This case highlights that skull base osteomyelitis should be suspected in immunocompromised patients with subtle radiological abnormalities on initial imaging. There is still controversy regarding the most accurate method of investigation for early diagnosis, and quite often multiple imaging modalities are required.

SUMMARY 1. Sheep hearts have been used to study the effects of P-adrenoceptor (P-AR) agonists in order to better understand the effects of common asthma treatment drugs on heart rate, cardiac power output and cardiac pathology. Hearts have been examined both in vivo and in vim. 2. In whole anaesthetized sheep, isoprenaline, fenoterol and salbutamol induced dose-dependent increases in heart rate. Hypokalaemia in response to salbutamol was accentuated in hypoxia. Many of these hearts showed significant myocardial lesions. Hypoxia alone caused no significant cardiac response. 3. As expected, the β1-AR agonist dobutamine caused dose-dependent increases in heart performance (heart rate and cardiac power output). Both responses were blocked by metoprolol and propranolol. The β2-AR agonist salbutamol caused dose-dependent increases in heart rate and although cardiac output increased, cardiac power output remained unchanged as a consequence of the fall in peripheral resistance. The heart rate changes were blocked by metoprolol. Importantly, propranolol blocked both the heart rate response and the fall in peripheral resistance. 4. Isolated atrial strips showed a right shift of their dose-response curve to isoprenaline in the presence of the highly selective β2-AR antagonist ICI 118 551 at concentrations above 1 × 10−-8 mol/L. 5. We conclude that the sheep heart shows many pharmacological characteristics of the human heart which makes it a good pharmacological model in addition to its being amenable to many common techniques available for humans.

One might argue that Herbert Gutman was the most influential American historian of his time who never published a monograph. His books consist of two collections of essays, one of which was published posthumously, an extended critical review of Time on the Cross by Fogel and Engerman, and the massive, sprawling volume The Black Family in Slavery and Freedom, which undoubtedly comes closest to resembling a traditional monograph. Any cynical observer might well ask why Gutman is so important. Indeed one of the review essays on Power and Culture is titled "What Was So Great about Herbert Gutman?" The answer, of course, lies in the role that Gutman played as a teacher, advocate, and enthusiast. His enthusiasm for, and commitment to, studying the history of the underclasses was absolutely infectious. Readers of the essays in the special memorial issue of Labor History will find this theme echoed time after time by the contributors. The scope of his concerns, which goes some way toward explaining his influence, is best pursued by examining more carefully his Power and Culture. Ira Berlin, a close friend and collaborator of Gutman's, has chosen these essays well. He has also provided readers with a substantial, critical introduction which provides important new information about Gutman and which, despite criticism from the "Genovese camp" in the New York Review of Books, tries to shed light on the inexplicable-to-some, holy war between these important American social historians. The title of Berlin's volume is, of course, a resonating fusillade in that war alluding directly to the major criticism of Gutman by Eugene Genovese and Elizabeth Fox-Genovese, namely that his work paid insufficient attention to the question of power. For the Genoveses, as they put it in their "Political Crisis of Social History," "History, when it transcends chronicle, romance, and ideology ? including 'left-wing' versions ?is primarily the story of who rides whom and how." The essays collected here are an unusual combination of articles or book excerpts published between 1963 and the author's death in 1985, translations of

Epidemiological studies suggest that a high vegetable diet may reduce risk for breast cancer and may also improve prognosis after the diagnosis of breast cancer. Circulating carotenoids may serve as a biomarker of vegetable and fruit intake, although several factors affect their bioavailability from food sources and may influence concentrations. One purpose of this study was to identify factors predictive of serum carotenoid, retinol, and alpha-tocopherol concentrations in 79 postsurgically resected breast cancer patients at enrollment and at 12 months in a feasibility study of a high vegetable, low fat diet intervention to reduce risk for cancer recurrence. Another purpose was to identify variables associated with change in these serum concentrations 12 months after randomization into control and intervention groups. The diet intervention (versus control) group had significantly greater increases in carotenoid intakes (P0.03) and significantly greater increases in serum concentrations of lutein, alpha- and beta-carotene, lycopene, and retinol (P0.04). Stepwise multiple regression revealed the level of dietary intake to be predictive of most serum carotenoid concentrations at baseline and 12 months, with additional associations between selected micronutrient concentrations and serum cholesterol, body mass index, age, percentage of energy intake from fat, and alcohol intake also observed at these time points. Intervention group change in serum carotenoid concentrations was inversely associated with baseline level, age, and change in serum cholesterol concentration and positively associated with change in carotenoid and alcohol intake. Circulating carotenoid concentrations are responsive to a high vegetable diet intervention, which also included reduced dietary fat and increased fiber intakes, to reduce risk for breast cancer recurrence.