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Purpose: to conduct a comparative analysis of the clinical efficacy of a fixed combination of antihypertensive drugs: brinzolamide 1 % = timolol 0.5 % and dorzolamide 2 % = timolol 0.5 % for the prevention of intraocular hypertension in patients with silicone oil tamponade of the vitreal cavity.Patients and methods. The study was conducted in the Orenburg branch of S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution during 2022. A retrospective analysis of case histories of 60 patients with retinal detachment and severe proliferative syndrome was carried out. All patients underwent subtotal vitrectomy. To prevent intraocular hypertension after tamponade of the vitreal cavity with silicone oil, patients were prescribed antihypertensive drugs: group 1 (n = 30) — a combination of brinzolamide 1 % = timolol 0.5 %; group 2 (n = 30) — dorzolamide 2 % = timolol 0.5 %. The therapeutic result was evaluated after 2 weeks, 1, 2 and 3 months. The observation included an ophthalmological examination, as well as a questionnaire to assess drug tolerance.Results. IOP after silicone oil tamponade and before the application of drugs had no statistically significant differences between the studied groups and amounted to 27.15 ± 3.56 mm Hg — in group 1 and 28.53 ± 5.99 mm Hg — in group 2. Both studied combinations provided a decrease in IOP, however, a more pronounced effect after 2 weeks of therapy with subsequent maintenance of a normal IOP level for 3 months was recorded in group 2 when using the dorzolamide / timolol combination, despite the appearance of minor discomfort during instillation. A decrease in IOP from baseline was found to be 43.5 % (p ≤ 0.01) with the combination dorzolamide/timolol and 33.3 % (p ≤ 0.01) for brinzolamide/timolol.Conclusion. The results of the study showed that both fixed combinations of drugs provide a decrease in IOP in patients after silicone tamponade, but the dorzolamide/timolol combination had a more pronounced therapeutic effect.

Application of modern technologies and innovative technical equipment at cultivation of grain-crops, including winter wheat, flax, clover and rape, causes actuality of carrying out the multivariable field test. The planned long-term field experience of determination of dependence of the productivity of the cultivated agricultural cultures on the set factors will allow to justify basic technological methods and confirm optimal parameters and modes of operations of innovative working tools for tillage, sowing and crop protection. By results of planning of field experiment width and length of a plot were 3 and 20 m respectively. At randomized placement for one crop cultivation 81 registration plots were necessary. The general size of the test field at a research of three factors with three levels of variation was 110 m width and 215 m length. Before conducting field experiment the authors fixed an initial condition of a soil profile, agronomical and biological characteristics of the soil. Change of soil properties of the and also crops vegetation was noted at of the end of carrying out studies of each series of tests. The main response of field experiment conducting was the productivity. On the basis of the received results more than 27 hectares will be cultivated to increase crop productivity by 17-19 percent owing to the saved-up soil fertility and introduction of innovative technological and technical means of cultivation. The developed recommendations will be realized at agricultural enterprises in the Tver’ region and in others regions of the of the Non-black earth zone.

Modern agricultural enterprises need universal seeders suitable for sowing various types of seeds in different soil conditions. Seeders should be available for agronomic requirements for planting in various conditions: high humidity, constantly desired depth of planting and other factors. The authors developed and manufactured a pneumatic sowing machine on the basis of modular combined adapter BMKA. The combined unit is designed for secondary tillage, sowing and covering of seeds of small-seeded crops such as flax. BMKА is equipped with pneumatic horizontal disc sowing unit, two units helical rotary harrows, unit of cultivation and coulter group. Created design ensures a quality soil preparation, uniform seeding small-seeded crops and set depth of covering. A rotary harrow has several main parameters: diameter is 180 mm; height of teeth equals 120 mm; helix pitch distance is 80 mm. Soil cultivation is possible at depth down to 140 mm. Optimal parameters and modes of operation of the sowing machine: disc diameter - 600 mm, seed cell diameter is 8 mm, the pressure in the pneumatic system - 0.13 MPa, frequency of rotation of the disc equals 65 rpm. BMKA manufacturing application increases the yield of straw by 13.7-33.1 percent, seeds of flax by 19.6-31.3 percent in comparison with the control variant. The annual economic effect is 2035-3034 rubles per 1 ha, when the payback period is one season. The machine manufacturing application provides high-quality seeds for breeding and seed production.

Technological effectiveness and qualitative characteristics of pneumatic sowing devices are higher than ones of lots produced rollers for a number of reasons, caused by decrease in number of doubles, increased evenness of seeds in a row. The major studied factors were selected and levels of their variation were established. A laboratory installation for optimization of the main technical and constructive characteristics on applied sowing devices was created. A disk pneumatic sowing device (DPSD) design with application block and modular principle of design for crops the smallseeded crops was working out. Optimum value of studied parameters and DPSD operating modes were established. Optimum value of evenness of seeds along the row, making 1.14-1.16 mm with a frequency of rotation of a sowing disk 75- 80 rpm, diameter of seed cells in a sowing disk 2.31-2.32 mm and pressure of an air stream 2.5-2.6 kPa were defined. The better distribution of seeds along a row in comparison with the production roller seeding mechanism when smallseeded crops sowing. It was recommended the offered design with the optimized parameters and operating modes for flax sowing and firm granulated mineral fertilizers application depending on cultivation conditions and functioning of sowing section.

Purpose: development of the ways to optimize the treatment tactics for parotideomassetericphlegmons.Materials and methods: anatomic studies were carried out on 45 corpses following an original method (Russian Patent No.2271740), and 86 patients were examined. The patients were divided into two groups: control (42 patients) and main (42 patients), the latter treated in accordance with the developed method.Results: in cases of parotideomassetericphlegmon, elevation of the interstitial pressure (IP) by 20-30 mm Hg above the normal is an indication for fasciotomy. The second stage of the operation was reduced to 5 days for the main group (vs 7 days in the controls). Distant good results were obtained in 90.9% of the patients (54.8% in the controls).

Purpose: clinical and experimental study in the diagnosis of ophthalmic forms and severity of diverticular disease Physiological and pathological research methods conducted.Materials and Methods: according to the original method (Russian Federation patent № 2087943) a model of diverticulosis of the colon was applied to 40 animals (rabbits). Animals were divided into 4 groups.At the clinic were examined 64 patients with diverticular disease, without comorbidity: local diverticulosis (17.2%), subtotal (57.7%), total (9.4%), and chronic complications (18.7%).All patients took a biochemical test (Russian Federation patent № 2119168)Results: in diverticular disease of the colon in 100% of cases, violations of the visual analyzer are detected, due to violation of local hemodynamics, as well as the activation of the lipid peroxidation (LPO).Proved the effectiveness of ophthalmic examination in the diagnosis of patients with forms of diverticular disease and especially its chronic complications.Summary: the changes of the eyeball identified by experimental and clinical research are typical only for diverticular disease and reflect the severity of its course.