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Background. The knowledge of genetic control of vernalization response in the ultra-early accessions can facilitate bread wheat breeding for a high adaptive capacity. Materials and methods. The study involved the ultra-early lines Rico (k-65588) and Rimax (k-67257) as the earliest maturing lines in the VIR bread wheat collection, as well as 10 Rifor lines (k-67120, k-67121, k-67250-67256) with a high rate of development before heading. A late ripening accession ‘Forlani Roberto’ (k-42641) and ‘Leningradskaya 6’ variety (k-64900), regionally adapted to Northwestern Russia, were also studied. The alleles of the Vrn and Ppd genes were identified by the PCR analysis using the allele-specific primers published in literature sources. The response to vernalization (30 days at 3°C) and a short 12-hour day were determined using a methodology accepted at VIR. Results. The ultra-early lines respond to a short 12-hour day and 30-day vernalization very poorly. The genotype of ultra-early wheat lines is mainly represented by three genes, Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1a, and Vrn-D1, which ensure insensitivity to vernalization alongside with the expression of Ppd-D1a, which controls the response to photoperiod. The ultra-early lines Rifor 4 and Rifor 5 have a recessive allele vrn-A1a, like the original ‘Forlani Roberto’ accession. The lines Rifor 4 and Rifor 5 are vernalization-insensitive under the long day and have a very weak response under the short day (3.5±0.42 days and 4.0±0.61 days, respectively). However, ‘Forlani Roberto’ with the vrn-A1a gene responds to vernalization in the same way under any photoperiod (12.3±1.58 days and 12.2±0.74 days). Conclusion The ultra-early lines of bread wheat Rifor 4 and Rifor 5 with the vrn-A1a gene can have no response to vernalization or have a low level response. This effect can be a reason for the formation of a complex of modifier genes along with the dominant gene Vrn-D1, which forms during the hybridization of F7-8 Rico × Forlani Roberto. The ultra-early lines of bread wheat Rico, Rimax and Rifor (k-67120, k-67121, k-67250-67256) can serve as effective sources of genes for earliness in common wheat breeding.

Replenishment of the collection of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), like any other crop collection held by VIR, is a permanent process aimed at expanding the geographic, morphological and agrobiological diversity of the crop’s gene pool. A special status in this process is given to the achievements of domestic breeders, whose cultivars and lines over time remain only in the ex situ collection and constitute the national heritage of Russia. Replenishment, along with conservation, studying and sharing with the users, is a mandatory task when managing a plant germplasm collection. It can be fulfilled by sending requests for seeds to other genebanks, through the exchange with the collections of foreign research centers, contacts with individual breeders or breeding centers in Russia, or when crop cultivars are submitted to VIR from the State Register of Breeding Achievements Approved for Utilization in Russia. Besides, new accessions are added to the genebank by collecting missions.Descriptions have been made for 570 accessions included in the main catalogue of VIR’s durum wheat collection from 2000 to 2019. They originated from 28 countries of Europe, Asia, the Near East, Africa and North America, and from 16 regions of Russia.The durum wheat collection of VIR was replenished with accessions interesting both from the geographic and agrobiological viewpoints. Cultivars developed by domestic breeders are included in the global genetic resources collection primarily with the purpose of their conservation and comprehensive utilization, both now and in the future.

Relevance. The absence of a registered vaccine against G145R escape mutant determines the need to develop a drug for the prophylaxis of infectious hepatitis caused by the hepatitis B virus.The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and reactogenicity of a new hepatitis B recombinant Bubo®-Unigep yeast vaccine in healthy volunteers.Materials & Methods. To confirm the safety of the new trivalent Bubo®-Unigep vaccine, an open, single- center, nonrandomized clinical trial was conducted in healthy male volunteers at the clinical base of «Uromed» (Smolensk) according to the protocol developed by the contract research organization R&D Pharma.Results and discussions. Safety and reactogenicity assessment was carried out throughout the study period. In the safety assessment, one adverse event was reported that was not related to the use of Bubo®-Unigep vaccine. No serious adverse events have been reported. There were no local reactions at the injection site throughout the observation period. The results indicate a high safety and areactogenicity of Bubo®-Unigep vaccine.Conclusions: The confirmed safety and areactogenicity of a new Bubo®-Unigep vaccine in a phase I clinical trial allows to proceed to the next stage and to conduct a registration study in which immunogenicity, safety and reactogenicity will be studied during the full course of vaccination. The introduction of such a vaccine on the market will contribute to a more effective vaccination against those serotypes of the hepatitis B virus that are endemic and prevail in the Russian Federation. Due to the created complete immunity, the infection threshold rises and the number of cases of hepatitis B among the already vaccinated population decreases.

Background. To optimize the process of bread wheat breeding for earliness and environmental adaptability, searching for new source material is a crucial task. The ultra-early line Rico (k-65588) – Triticum aestivum var. erythrospermum Koern. – stands out among the bread wheat accessions from the VIR collection for its important adaptive features.Materials and methods. Spring wheat accessions with different speed of development were selected from the VIR collection for this study, along with the ultra-early lines Rifor 1 ... 10 (F6-7 Rico × Forlani Roberto k-42641) and Fori 1 ... 8 (k-65589 ... k-65596) (F4 Foton k-55696 × Rico). Their responses to a short 12-hour day were assessed. Vernalization conditions were 30 days at 3°C. The genetics of plant sensitivity to vernalization and photoperiods was studied using allele-specific primers for the genes Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, Vrn-D1 and Ppd-D1.Results and conclusions. In the Northwest of Russia, the period from seeding to heading for Rico plants was 39.9 ± 1.49 days, or 14.8 ± 1.22 days less than for the released commercial wheat cultivars. Among the 8400 wheat accessions, studied by the Wheat Genetic Resources Department of VIR in this area from 1948 to 2018, the shortest period from germination to heading was observed in the line Rico: 29 (28–30) days. The absence of response to vernalization in Rico, Fori and Rifor lines was determined by the dominant alleles Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1. Photoperiodism in Rico and partially in Rifor was controlled by at least two genes: Ppd-D1 and Ppd-B1. In the F2 population of Rico hybrids with 8 wheat accessions no transgression was observed beyond the limits of Rico‘s variation. The difference in the development rate between Rico and other wheat accessions is controlled by two or three non-allelic genes. Rifor lines can compete in productivity with commercialized wheat cultivars.

In this article, the author examines the notion of state-owned entities in the practice of international organisations, and the different approaches to the extension of investor status to state-owned entities under international investment agreements. As a result of the analysis, the author formulates the characteristics of state-owned entities as investors in the international legal context and establishes that in the vast majority of cases state-owned entities are not excluded from the investor concept, and therefore shall be covered by the protection of international investment agreements.

In this article, the author examines the status of state-owned companies as claimants under the 1965 Washington Convention on the settlement of investment disputes between States and nationals of other States and the competence of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes to consider claims of the stateowned companies. The paper considers possible limitations of the right of action of the state-owned companies, reflected in the so-called “Broches test”. As a result of the analysis of the case law of international investment tribunals the author concludes that the right of recourse to international investment arbitration shall in any case be available for the state-owned companies which perform a commercial function. In addition, the author proposes an algorithm for determining whether a state-owned company, which is authorized to exercise elements of state power, has the right of action.

Purpose. The manuscript is devoted to the burning issue of education internationalization in modern society. Having come to study in Russia, many international students face a number of difficulties concerning various aspects of their life activity. The authors aim to study international students’ opinion regarding their residence in the European North and their study at the Russian medical university. Methodology. Survey findings of 149 Indian students studying at the International Faculty of General Practitioners of the Northern State Medical University (NSMU), Arkhangelsk compose the research basis. Results. Main challenges encountered by international students in the conditions of the European North, their attitude to the organization and quality of the educational process in the university were revealed. Cold climate, language barrier, the lack of traditional foods and separation from family are believed to be the main factors that make it difficult for junior students to learn. Senior students express their disappointment at the lack of clinical practice due to the distance learning during the pandemic and different level of students and teachers’ language proficiency. In general, students speak positively about university educational process and are satisfied with Russian education quality. Practical implications. Research findings can be used to develop recommendations for improving the socio-pedagogical adaptation of international students in Russian universities.

The change of the global climate is most pronounced in the Arctic, where the air temperature increases 2 to 3 times faster than the global average. This process is associated with an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. There are publications predicting the sharp increase in methane emissions into the atmosphere due to permafrost thawing. Therefore, it is important to study how the air composition in the Arctic changes in the changing climate. In the Russian sector of the Arctic, the air composition was measured only in the surface atmospheric layer at the coastal stations or earlier at the drifting stations. Vertical distributions of gas constituents of the atmosphere and aerosol were determined only in a few small regions. That is why the integrated experiment was carried out to measure the composition of the troposphere in the entire Russian sector of the Arctic from on board the Optik Tu-134 aircraft laboratory in the period of ​​​​​​​4 to 17 September of 2020. The aircraft laboratory was equipped with contact and remote measurement facilities. The contact facilities were capable of measuring the concentrations of CO2, CH4, O3, CO, NOx​​​​​​​, and SO2, as well as the disperse composition of particles in the size range from 3 nm to 32 µm, black carbon, and organic and inorganic components of atmospheric aerosol. The remote facilities were operated to measure the water transparency in the upper layer of the ocean, the chlorophyll content in water, and spectral characteristics of the underlying surface. The measured data have shown that the ocean continues absorbing CO2. This process is most intense over the Barents and Kara seas. The recorded methane concentration was increased over all the Arctic seas, reaching 2090 ppb in the near-water layer over the Kara Sea. The contents of other gas components and black carbon were close to the background level. In bioaerosol, bacteria predominated among the identified microorganisms. In most samples, they were represented by coccal forms, less often spore-forming and non-spore-bearing rod-shaped bacteria. No dependence of the representation of various bacterial genera on the height and the sampling site was revealed. The most turbid during the experiment was the upper layer of the Chukchi and Bering seas. The Barents Sea turned out to be the most transparent. The differences in extinction varied by more than a factor of 1.5. In all measurements, except for the Barents Sea, the tendency of an increase in chlorophyll fluorescence in more transparent waters was observed.

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS type 1) is a disease characterized by a variety of clinical manifestations resulting from the involvement of multiple endocrine and non-endocrine organs in the pathological process. APS type 1 is a rare genetically determined disease with autosomal recessive inheritance. Mutations in the autoimmune regulator gene (AIRE) lead to a disruption of the mechanism of normal antigen expression and the formation of abnormal clones of immune cells, and can cause autoimmune damage to organs. Within APS type 1, the most common disorders are primary adrenal insufficiency, hypoparathyroidism, and chronic candidiasis. Some understudied clinical manifestations of APS type 1 are autoimmune pathological processes in the eye: keratoconjunctivitis, dry eye syndrome, iridocyclitis, retinopathy, retinal detachment, and optic atrophy. This review presents the accumulated experimental and clinical data on the development of eye damage of autoimmune nature in APS type 1, as well as the laboratory and instrumental methods used for diagnosing the disease. Changes in the visual organs in combination with clinical manifestations of hypoparathyroidism, adrenal insufficiency and candidiasis should lead the clinical doctor to suspect the presence of APS type 1 and to examine the patient comprehensively. Timely genetic counselling will allow early identifi cation of the disease, timely prescription of appropriate treatment and prevention of severe complications.

Traumatic injury to the upper anterior teeth is common in young children, especialy when it is combined whit orthodontic problem – overjet. This paper reports the presence of traumatized maxillary permanent central incisors which are successfully restored whit wax-up technique. Case report: The case describe the treatment of traumatized maxillary permanent central incisors whit wax-up technique. A 9-year-old girl came to the dental clinic with an injury of the two maxillary central incisors with oblique partial crown fracture without pulp exposure. Traumatized anterior teeth require quick functional and esthetic repair, and wax-up technique is commonly used for their restoration. The wax-up technique seems to be a promising restorative option. This is a rational restorative alternative and less invasive prosthodontic treatment. The patient and the parents are satisfied whit the result which confirmed the success of the rehabilitation.

The development of linguistic and cultural competence of students is possible on the basis of the dialogue of cultures. The text-centric (textoriented) principle of the Russian language and Literature teaching is regarded as fundamental in the aspect of the dialogue of cultures. It contributes to the formation of the dialogue thinking and allows students to form the systematic view of the world and culture.

Introduction. Nowadays, the aspects of development of research competencies in future experts belong to the most relevant topics, which are widely being discussed both in Russian and in foreign scientific community. One of burning issues in this thematic block is diagnosis of such competencies without which their successful development is impossible. Today, we are witnessing the disparity between a large number of the methods presented in scientific sources and technologies of the formation of students’ research competency and limitation of its criteria and indicators. Moreover, there is lack of adequate methodological tools to estimate objectively the level and quality of scientific literacy and degree of students’ research activity.The aim of the research was to define the content of a comprehensive diagnosis of the components of pedagogical students’ research competency and to justify the criteria, indicators and methods of its evaluation.Methodology and research methods. The methods of analysis, synthesis, generalisation and modelling were employed. The systematic approach was applied, taking into account the provisions of plurality, integrity and structurisation.Results and scientific novelty. The authors presented and described the model of formation of pedagogical students’ practice-focused research competency. The knowledge-based, value-oriented and practical components of the model are correlated to the methods of psycho-pedagogical monitoring, which are relevant to the content of these components. The complex of particular techniques for comprehensive, precise and complete assessment of future teachers’ research competency is designed. The complexity of measurement tools is provided with homogeneity between a theoretical construct (research competency) and operationalised constructs (psychological phenomena estimated in diagnostic techniques). Cumulative application of the selected diagnostic procedures and techniques allows: objective and subjective indicators of formation of research abilities and skills to be compared; motivation and readiness of students for implementation of independent research activity to be defined, taking into account social and professional contexts of its realisation.Practical significance. The authors of the present publication propose to introduce into practice of the higher school the approaches to contents, structure and organisation of the psychological diagnostics of level of students’ research competency, which will give the chance not only to carry out the internal regular and continuous monitoring of formation of one of key characteristics of the identity of the modern expert in educational institutions, but also to optimise the process of multilevel high school preparation, having adjusted work on early identification of its problems and crisis stages to take timely effective correctional measures.

Background. Despite the annual increase in the number of operations using titanium alloy products, the problem of developing periprosthetic infectious complications remains unresolved. The promising direction in traumatology and orthopedics is the creation of implants that prevent the formation of biofilm on the surface of the medical device. It was proposed to apply an antibacterial coating to the implant surface, including vancomycin as the active component and the polymer polylactideco- glycolide as the carrier. The aim of the research was to study the antibacterial effect of the coating titanium blocks in vitro and analyze the dynamics of changes in the level of basic hematological and biochemical parameters at different periods after implantation in rats. Materials and methods. The disc-diffusion test was used to evaluate the antibacterial effect of the coating on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Enterococcus faecalis cultures. Samples with the antibacterial coating were implanted subcutaneously, and changes in the hematological and biochemical parameters of rat blood were studied in dynamics. Statistical data processing was performed using Tukey’s test, the Shapiro–Wilk test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Mann- Whitney U-test. Results. In vitro experiments confirmed the presence of an antibacterial effect of the titanium blocks vancomycin-containing coating on cultures of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Enterococcus faecalis. The results in vivo experiments indicate that the hematological and biochemical parameters of rat blood before surgery, 2 and 4 weeks after implantation of titanium blocks are within the physiological norm. There were no statistically significant differences between the values of the control and experimental groups. The established value shifts reflect the body's response to anesthesia and surgery. Conclusions. Antibacterial coating for implantable medical devices made of titanium, which contain vancomycin, and polylactide-co-glycolide (50:50) has an antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Enterococcus faecalis cultures. The results of the study of hematological and biochemical parameters of the control and experimental groups indicate that there is no toxic effect of the antibacterial coating of titanium blocks on the body.

The article considers the topical problem of extinguishing landscape fires and ensuring fire safety in the suburban area of the city of Rostovon-Don. The analysis of fire parameters is conducted. They have the greatest negative impact on the environment and health of people living in nearby cities. The paper provides the calculation of a possible fire area, which can be in normal weather conditions by the time of the arrivalof the first fire-fighting units.

Objective. To assess main epidemiological indicators for hypertensive crises (HC) in the population of productive age and to study possible correlations of crisis associated arterial hypertension (AH) with clinical and instrumental phenomenon of chronic cerebrovascular diseases. Materials and methods. Data of several studies presented: cross-sectional studies of 726 people aged 35-64 and 415 people aged 40-59. Observational cohort study of 109 patients aged 57.4±5.8 with uncomplicated AH. For the detection of HC in anamnesis, there were used special criteria which widens standard HC definition for additional account of light and mild severity cases. Results. Overall AH prevalence was 45% (95% CI 41-51), in men - 48% (40.2-55.9), in women - 45% (38.4-51.6). History of HC in anamnesis was 11.8% (95% CI 9-15.2), in men 8.8% (5.4-14) and in women - 13.8% (10-18.7). Proportion of HC associated AH defined at the level of 25-30% of all AH cases. The most prevalence of HC associated AH was found in people with “high normal” (130-139/85-89) arterial pressure - 37%. Prevalence of the complaints on headaches, dizziness, poor memory and lower intellectual productivity was higher in people with HC. Chronic cerebrovascular disease was found 2-fold frequently in HC associated AH. But in generally analysis of possible correlations of HC with clinical and instrumental phenomenon of chronic cerebrovascular diseases didn’t revealed any statistically significant differences. Conclusion. HC burden for healthcare system is serious, because it is important risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases and associated with significant lowering of the quality of life. Prevalence of the HC cases with light and mild severity is underestimated. Despite that the study of the most prevalent forms of HC (rare, light and mild severity) didn’t find any associations with morphological or persistent clinical pathology, functional phenomenon were found statistically significant frequently.

The article is devoted to generalization of the known approaches to health risk assessment in large cities adopted in the Russian Federation and based on the study of “dose – effect” dependencefor threshold toxicants, as well as the author's methodology for assessing the environmental comfort of territories. The advantages and disadvantages of the above-mentioned approaches are discussed, scientific and methodological approaches and recommendations to the assessmentof health risk and environmental comfort for the population of large cities of Russia are developed.

The article is devoted to the research of causes, development characteristics, damage from fires in the Azov district of the Rostov region for the period from 2010 to 2015, and the search for opportunities for their forecasting. To achieve the aim of the research means to achieve a number of goals. In particular, it gives the characteristics of physical and geographical conditions of the Azov district, the analysis of the possibility to forecast landscape fires. The obtained data can be used for decision-making by the district administration, rural settlements and state organizations authorized to solving problems in the field of fire safety. In Conclusion, the authors formulate the results of the research. In particular, it is noted, that forecasting the number of landscape fires in the Azov district is possible, given the climatic conditions and the nature of the vegetation. To reduce the risks connected with the risk of landscape fires in the Azov district, it is first necessary to carry out preventive and administrative activities. Further research of the solution to the problems of landscape fires forecasting is relevant and promising.

A total of 109 patients with initial manifestations of chronic cerebrovascularpathology (CCVP) and uncomplicated hypertension(degree 12) and 30 healthy individuals (control group) wereexamined. The patients underwent comprehensive clinical andlaboratory testing. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) was assessed usingchemiluminescence of LDLP induced by Fe2+ ions. Reduced antioxidantactivity was revealed in 94.2% of patients with CCVPassociated with hypertension as compared to healthy individuals;individual LPO components were enhanced. Dyscirculatoryencephalopathy in patients with hypertension was preceded bya period of early or initial manifestations of cerebrovascular disorderswith activation of free radical oxidation and depletion ofthe endogenous antioxidant system being comparable in terms oftheir severity. Enhancement of oxidation processes was observedin patients presenting with severe and frequent hypertensive urgencies,multiple microfocal cerebral lesions, dyslipoproteinemia,and increased red blood cell aggregation at the early stagesof chronic cerebrovascular pathology.

The aim of the present retrospective study was the analysis ofcharacteristics of early signs of chronic cerebrovascular diseasesin patients with hypertension of grades 1 or 2 suffering fromhypertensive crises of various severity. We developed uniformdiagnostic criteria for hypertensive crises that allowed to identifythem and to assess their rate and severity. We studied 109 menand women (age 5069) with hypertension, who were dividedinto 2 groups: patients who suffered from hypertensive crises(n=65) and patients with no crises (n=44). Complex assessmentincluded 24-hour blood pressure monitoring, echocardiography,duplex scan of carotid, vertebral and cerebral arteries, and MRIof the head. Clinical and pathogenetic features of the developmentand progression of chronic cerebrovascular diseases inpatients with hypertension were disclosed, and profile characteristicsof such a type of patients with hypertensive crisis weredescribed. We plan to continue the prospective follow-up and toassess the efficacy of antihypertensive treatment for the preventionof recurrent crises.

Introduction.Circulatory system diseases and cerebrovasculardisorders are among the principal causes of morbidity and mortalityin the Russian Federation. Updated information on prevalenceand structure of the risk factors is needed to elaborate populationwide prevention measures. The aimis to assess the prevalence of the risk factors for cerebrovasculardisorders in the working-age population of capital cityresidents and stratification of subjects into the risk groups usingclinical scales for comprehensive evaluation. Materials and methods.Thorough screening of the open populationaged 4059 was carried out at one outpatient medical servicefacility in Moscow in 20112012: 376 subjects (156 men,220 women). The analysis took into account gender and agerelateddifferences (in the age groups of 4949 and 5059-yearoldadults). Results.We obtained the data on prevalence of the major riskfactors of cerebrovascular disorders, men/women (%): familyhistory 38.5/55.9, smoking 40.4/25.9, low physical activity 48.4/49.5, class 1 obesity 21.8/21.4, class 2 and 3 obesity 6.4/12.7, elevated serum cholesterol levels 32.7/43.2, elevatedserum triglyceride levels 23.1/15.0, hypertension 48.1/45.0,type 2 diabetes 3.8/2.7, increased intima-media thickness in thecarotid and femoral arteries 44.9/65.9, atherosclerotic plaquesof any localization (carotid and/or femoral arteries) 62.8/40.5,and 30% atherosclerotic stenosis of any localization 12.2/7.7. Prevalence of the risk factors in the population and,in some cases, their severity increased with age (before and afterage 50) up to 1.52 fold. When using SCORE and Stroke Riskometer tools for stratification, 8.6% and 39.3% subjects fellinto the high-risk groups, respectively. Conclusion.Working-age capital city residents in the 4059 yearscohort show high prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascularand cerebrovascular disorders with the first significant rise ofprevalence after reaching a 50-year age border; hypertension,low physical activity and increased intima-media thickness holdleading positions. The newest Stroke Riskometer appears to bethe most relevant tool for the risk assessing as it has a variety ofundoubted advantages compared to other clinical instruments.

Aim. To estimate the possibility of using arterial wall stiffness (AWS) parameters as predictors for carotid artery atherosclerotic plaques (CAAPs) in patients with abdominal obesity (AO). Subjects and methods. A total of 132 patients (72% men; mean age, 45.0±5.3 years) with normal blood pressure (BP) and AO, and no cardiovascular diseases (CVD) at a SCORE risk of

There is a difference of space loss depending on the time of premature extraction and the type of the prematurely extracted teeth. The aim of the study is to determine the space loss according to the time and the type of the extracted teeth. Material and methods: We studied 90 children 6 to 9 years old with premature loss of one or more primary teeth divided into three groups according to the severity of the orthodontic deformation. We used two biometric methods – the Moyers method and measured the mesial and distal movement of the adjustment teeth by drawing perpendicular lines towards the middle line. Results: The average amount of space lost is 0,033 mm for the first group, 2,2 for the second and 3,16 for the third group. The lack of space when the first primary molars are extracted is 0,37 mm in the upper jaw and is due to medicalization of the second primary molar. In the lower jaw the loss of space is – 1,12mm. The lack of space when the second primary molars are prematurely extracted is 1,2 for the upper and 1,45 for the lower jaw. Conclusion: The time is a significant factor for the loss of space. The reduction of space increases when the premature extraction is done before more than two months and when second primary molars are extracted.

A malocclusion is a misalignment of teeth or incorrect relation between the teeth of the two dental arches. The aim of this presentation is to show the percentage of the children with malocclusions and comparison between children with mild and severe malocclusions from rural and urban regions Materials and methods: 1200 children between 5 and 6 years old from North-eastern Bulgaria (600 urban and 600 rural) were examined. WHO standards were applied and the data was collected in WHO statistic forms, which were modified accordingly. The children were divided in 3 groups-healthy, with mild and with severe malocclusions according to Angles classification. Results: More than a half of the urban children are healthy – 51,5% and the biggest percentage of the malocclusions are mild – 31,3%, only 17,2% have severe malocclusions. The rural children are without malocclusions – 23,8% and – 39,2% of them are with severe orthodontic deformations. Relative shares of children with malocclusions from the urban – 48,5% and rural regions – 76,2% The relative share of the healthy children from both urban and rural regions is 37,7%. The relative share of the children with malocclusions from urban and rural regions is 62,3%. Conclusion: A little percent of the rural children are without malocclusions and more of them are with severe ones. We suggest that specialist have to work on better prevention in these regions.