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Statin drugs lower blood cholesterol levels for cardiovascular disease prevention. Women are more likely than men to experience adverse statin effects, particularly new-onset diabetes (NOD) and muscle weakness. Here we find that impaired glucose homeostasis and muscle weakness in statin-treated female mice are associated with reduced levels of the omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), impaired redox tone, and reduced mitochondrial respiration. Statin adverse effects are prevented in females by administering fish oil as a source of DHA, by reducing dosage of the X chromosome or the Kdm5c gene, which escapes X chromosome inactivation and is normally expressed at higher levels in females than males. As seen in female mice, we find that women experience more severe reductions than men in DHA levels after statin administration, and that DHA levels are inversely correlated with glucose levels. Furthermore, induced pluripotent stem cells from women who developed NOD exhibit impaired mitochondrial function when treated with statin, whereas cells from men do not. These studies identify X chromosome dosage as a genetic risk factor for statin adverse effects and suggest DHA supplementation as a preventive co-therapy.

En este estudio se presenta el decapado del acero inoxidable austenítico 316L utilizando mezclas de peróxido de hidrógeno (H2O2)/ácido sulfúrico (H2SO4)/iones fluoruro; los iones fluoruro provienen del ácido fluorhídrico (HF), fluoruro de sodio (NaF) y fluoruro de potasio (KF). La estabilidad del H2O2 fue valorada modificando las concentraciones del ión férrico de 0 a 40 g/l y las temperaturas de 25 °C a 60 °C en las mezclas decapantes. Se establecieron las condiciones óptimas de decapado utilizando 20 g/l de iones férrico a 25 °C empleando el ácido p-toluensulfónico como estabilizante del H2O2. La mezcla que contenía HF fue la única capaz de eliminar completamente los óxidos superficiales del acero a tiempos de 300 s. Las mezclas a base de sales fluoradas eliminaron parcialmente los óxidos (20 y 40 % aprox.) en 300 s. Al incrementar el tiempo de decapado hasta 1200 s se obtuvieron porcentajes de eliminación alrededor de un 80 %.

Objective: This study created personas using quantitative segmentation and knowledge user enhancement to inform intervention and service design for rural patients to encourage preventive care uptake. Methods: This study comprised a cross-sectional survey of rural unattached patients and a co-design workshop for persona development. Cross-sectional survey data were analyzed for meaningful subgroups based on quartiles of preventive care completion. These quartiles informed “relevant user segments” grouped according to demographics (age, sex), length of unattachment, percentage of up-to-date preventive activities, health care visit frequency, preventive priorities, communication confidence with providers, and chronic health conditions, which were then used in the workshop to build the final personas. Results: 207 responses informed persona user segments, and five health care providers and 13 patients attended the workshop. The resulting four personas, included John (not up-to-date on preventive care activities), Terrance (few up-to-date preventive care activities), George (moderately up-to-date preventive care activities), and Anne (mostly up-to-date preventive care activities). Conclusion: Quantitative persona development with integrated knowledge user co-design/enhancement elevated and enriched final personas that achieved robust profiles for intervention design. Innovation: This project's use of a progressive methodology to build robust personas coupled with participant feedback on the co-design process offers a replicable approach for health researchers.

This dataset compiles breast cancer risk factors from 1697 Cuban women who attended consultations at the Hospital Universitario Clínico-Quirúrgico Comandante Manuel Fajardo in Havana, Cuba. The data were collected to develop a breast cancer risk estimation model specifically tailored to the Cuban population. The dataset includes 23 variables encompassing internationally recognized risk factors such as family history of breast cancer, lifestyle habits, demographic characteristics, and clinical outcomes. The data were extracted from electronic records and anonymized to protect patient privacy, in compliance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and with the approval of the hospital's scientific and ethics committees. This dataset can be employed in the development of predictive models and in comparative studies of risk factors across different populations. It is important to note that the data originate from a single hospital, which may limit their representativeness at the national level.

Teaching mathematics to students at the elementary level needs logical thinking, the students have to be encouraged to study hard to improve solving skills. The objective of this study is to improve the learner's problem solving skill in mathematics 2. This research aims to find out how the implementation of the visualize, represent and solve problem technique as teaching strategy to improve the learner's problem solving skill. The respondents of the study were purposively selected which composed of thirty (30) students in La Concepcion College in the Schools Division of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan. Moreover, having conducted the pretest and posttest, the researcher found out that students were able to solve math problem more effectively. The study revealed that there is a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores of the students in the utilization of visualize, represent and solve problem technique as teaching strategy to improve the learner's problem solving skill in mathematics 2.

The sustainable meeting of the global quest for ruminant intensification dictates the need to identify alternative, eco-friendly, and safe feed ingredients. In this sense, macroalgae offer a new paradigm in sustainable ruminant feed supply. This study aimed to investigate the potential of sub-Antarctic macroalgae, including Lessonia flavicans, Macrocystis pyrifera, Gigartina skottbergii, and Ulva Lactuca, regarding their chemical composition, in vitro gas production, and CH4 production. A completely randomized design consisted of a 96 h (h) incubation that included four different species and a control (alfalfa hay) with buffered rumen fluid. In vitro total gas, fermentation characteristics, and CH4 production were evaluated. The highest and the lowest crude protein (CP) contents were for U. lactuca (185.9 g/kg) and G. skottsbergi (86 g/kg), respectively (p < 0.0001). All macroalage had lower levels of natural detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) compared to alfalfa hay (p < 0.0001). The highest potential of gas production (b) was for M. pyriphera (162.8 mL gas/g DM), followed by alfalfa (119.3 mL gas/g DM). However, G. skottsbergi and M. pyriphera showed the highest dry matter degradability at 96 h (68.49 and 67.62 mg/100 mg, respectively; p < 0.0001) and microbial crude protein (679.8 and 669.8 mg/g, respectively, p < 0.0001). All four tested algae produced lower amounts of methane compared to alfalfa hay (p < 0.0001). After 24 h of incubation, M. pyriphera, L. flavicons, G. skottsbergi, and U. lactuca reduced CH4 by 99.7%, 98.6%, 92.9%, and 79.8%, respectively, when compared with the control. Also, all tested algae had lower (p = 0.0001) CH4 production (ml CH4/g Dry matter degradability, DMD) than alfalfa hay. The current results suggest that M. pyriphera and L. flavicons are promising feed additives for ruminants with eco-friendly production and acceptable CP content and DMD that could effectively mitigate CH4 emissions. Overall, these findings suggest that macroalgae hold promise as a substitute feed source for sustaining ruminant production at the onset of global warming.

Anaerobic digestion is an alternative for wastewater treatment and its effluent could be used in agricultural production because it may contain nutrients; however, its harmlessness is a limiting factor. This research evaluated the potential of a self-cleaning biodigester (SCB) effluent to increase corn and sunflower production of a school plot. The SCB was located at the Telebachillerato Comunitario in San Felipe del Progreso, State of Mexico, Mexico. A randomized block design was used with three fertilization levels of N, P and K, irrigated with SCB effluent and potable water and 3 replications. Physical, chemical and biological parameters (total and fecal coliforms, Salmonella and Escherichia coli) were evaluated in the SCB effluent before being used as fertilizer on the corn and sunflower crops. Finally, the grain yield and the harvested seeds' safety were determined. In the SCB effluent, high K and Ca, high salinity, moderate total coliforms, fecal coliforms and E. coli were observed; Salmonella was not detected. In corn and sunflower seed, 98% of total coliforms were reduced, with no presence of fecal coliforms and E. coli compared to the SCB effluent. The grain yield of sunflower irrigated with SCB effluent increased up to 72% compared to that irrigated with potable water and in corn no significant differences were found between SCB effluent and potable water irrigation.

The Atlantic Forest holds the greatest diversity of fireflies on Earth. Although the knowledge about lampyrids in the Atlantic Forest has increased in the last 10 years thanks to the efforts of new taxonomists and ecologists, both the total number of species and their geographic ranges remain largely unknown. Furthermore, the Atlantic Forest has been facing intense deforestation since the XV century, and now only 23 % of the natural vegetation cover remains, resulting in high vulnerability of its endemic species. Here, we assess the quality and coverage of the information available on the distribution of Lampyridae fireflies; i.e. the extent of the so-called Wallacean shortfall. To do this, we used a database that comprises 3010 records with geospatial and taxonomic information to evaluate the overall coverage of the geographical and environmental distribution of fireflies in the Atlantic Forest. Our assessment shows that the knowledge of Atlantic Forest's firefly diversity and distribution presents significant spatial and climatic biases. Firefly species remain largely under-collected in the Atlantic Forest; only around 16 % of its grid cells at a 50 km scale are well-sampled, and most of them are located in the Serra do Mar bioregion. The location of well-sampled cells is conditioned by recorders’ survey bias and is particularly biased towards protected areas, large forest remnants, the proximity to institutions holding entomological collections, and light-polluted sites surrounding urban spaces. Our findings also highlight that a considerable number of firefly species may remain undiscovered, which adds to the lack of reliable information on the geographic location of many valid species. Based on this assessment, we further point to areas where more sampling effort would provide maximum benefits in terms of geographical and environmental coverage, thus maximizing its value for biodiversity knowledge and conservation.

La gestión de residuos sólidos es un problema crítico que afecta a las comunidades, especialmente en áreas urbanizadas como a San Juan Bautista Tuxtepec, Oaxaca. La ineficiencia en la recolección de basura provoca la acumulación de desechos, la contaminación del suelo y del agua, y la propagación de enfermedades. Además, la falta de conciencia ambiental y la escasa participación ciudadana hacen que empeore más la situación. En Tuxtepec, se recolectan alrededor de 66,385 toneladas de basura anualmente, incluyendo los residuos de municipios vecinos, lo que exige un manejo eficiente para proteger la biodiversidad. En este proyecto se propone en optimizar las rutas de recolección mediante el uso de tecnologías y estrategias específicas, abordando factores como la densidad poblacional, la infraestructura vial y condiciones del ambiente. La implementación de estas medidas no solo mejorará la eficiencia en la gestión de residuos, sino que también fomentará un entorno más limpio y saludable.

AbstractCardiovascular drug development requires synthesizing relevant literature about indications, mechanisms, biomarkers, and outcomes. This short study investigates the performance, cost, and prompt engineering trade-offs of 3 large language models accelerating the literature screening process for cardiovascular drug development applications.

Abstract Ecology increasingly relies on a massive volume of biodiversity occurrence records to draw insights into large‐scale biogeographical, ecological and evolutionary phenomena. This often involves defining a set of criteria that guides the collection, filtering and standardising of available records. These curation processes are often neither described in detail nor well documented. This hampers the comparability and reproducibility of studies and thus undermines the robustness of any ecological result. Yet, to date, there is no guide providing a friendly way to reason and document a complete data curation process. We reviewed the available literature on data curation, including tools such as R packages and workflows. From this assessment, we created a complete guide organised into five modules that allows users to consciously select and validate occurrence records based on these curation criteria. This is presented in the user‐friendly Shiny R OCCUR application, available at https://ecoinformatic.shinyapps.io/OCCUR/. OCCUR application provides a guide for researchers to deal with the trade‐off between data certainty and coverage generated in each data curation step. An interactive graph of these changes is provided within each module. OCCUR also produces a custom‐made final report including all steps used for data filtering. This report helps to streamline the writing of the methods section of manuscripts and technical reports, thus promoting the reproducibility of data curation processes. This Shiny application provides an interactive overview of the data curation methods and their use for handling occurrence records from public repositories. It brings together the taxonomic, temporal and spatial dimensions of data and also the identification of duplicates of the records. OCCUR can be applied for multiple purposes, such as teaching R to ecologists or enhancing reproducibility of macroecology and biogeography.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked disorder due to a dystrophin mutation and is the leading cause of muscular dystrophy. DMD presents with characteristic systemic effects, including severe muscular atrophy, cardiomyopathy, and ocular manifestations. Performing corneal refractive surgeries in patients with DMD raises concerns regarding patient positioning, risk of cataracts, and other comorbid conditions. Published reports of photorefractive keratectomy, laser-assisted in situ keratomileuses, and small incision lenticule extraction are lacking in this population. Here, we discuss a patient being evaluated for a corneal refractive surgery. This article also discusses the current understanding of DMD, known ocular manifestations, and factors to consider when evaluating a patient for potential corrective vision laser surgery.

Resumen: Objetivo: Explorar las necesidades, motivos y limitaciones hacia la alimentación saludable y hacia material digital desarrollado, así como identificar pautas para su diseño como estrategia dirigida a familias mexicanas. Diseño: Estudio cualitativo de observación del fenómeno por grupo focal. Emplazamiento: Centro público de educación primaria en la ciudad de Querétaro, México. Participantes: Menores de nueve a 11 años y padres, madres o cuidadores con hijos en centro de educación primaria. Método: Se realizaron 12 sesiones con tres grupos de escolares y dos sesiones con padres, madres o cuidadores siguiendo una guía de entrevista. Durante la sesión se presentaron diversos materiales digitales previamente creados con sustento en la teoría social cognitiva. Las sesiones se videograbaron, previo consentimiento de participantes o de sus tutores y se transcribieron para su análisis. Se realizó una codificación por puntos de análisis y se confirmó la saturación de información. Resultados: Los escolares indicaron motivarse ante el material digital que promueve el juego y experimentación, principalmente en familia. La principal barrera percibida fue la resistencia al cambio por los cuidadores principales. Los padres de familia manifestaron motivación y necesidad de material explicativo sobre enfermedades y sus barreras fueron de tipo económico y de tiempo. Conclusiones: El material digital basado en la teoría social cognitiva diseñado para mejorar la alimentación, puede ser una buena estrategia en el proceso de educación alimentaria si considera las circunstancias que vive la población objetivo. Es recomendable incluir elementos afectivos y conductuales para lograr un aprendizaje significativo en los miembros de los hogares. Abstract: Objective: To explore the needs, motivations, and limitations related to healthy eating and digital materials, as well as to identify patterns for their design as a strategy aimed at Mexican families. Design: A qualitative observational study of the phenomenon through focus group sessions. Location: A public primary education center in the city of Querétaro, Mexico. Participants: Children aged 9 to 11 years and parents, mothers, or caregivers with children in primary education. Method: Twelve sessions were conducted with three groups of students and two sessions with parents, mothers, or caregivers using an interview guide. Various digital materials, developed based on social cognitive theory, were presented during the sessions. The sessions were recorded with the participants’ or their guardians’ prior consent and transcribed for analysis. Coding was performed for key points of analysis, and information saturation was confirmed. Results: Students expressed motivation towards digital material that promotes play and experimentation, especially within the family context. The main perceived barrier was the caregivers’ resistance to change. Parents expressed motivation and a need for explanatory material on diseases, with economic and time-related barriers. Conclusions: Digital material based on social cognitive theory, designed to improve nutrition, can be an effective strategy in nutritional education if it considers the circumstances of the target population. It is advisable to include affective and behavioral elements to achieve meaningful learning within households.