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In motor vehicle systems, brakes are one of the important components that have a major role in reducing the risk of accidents on the highway. In the brake system, especially drum brakes, improper component adjustment can cause the brakes not to work optimally. This research was conducted to determine the impact of large variations in the brake lining gap and brake drum temperature on brake efficiency in motorized vehicles. This study uses an experimental method with variations in the adjustment of the size of the brake lining gap and the temperature of the drum brake. The main brake efficiency was tested using a brake tester from these several variations. The variations of the brake lining gap used are 0.3 mm, 1 mm, and 1.7 mm. Meanwhile, the brake drum temperature is set at 30, 90, and 150 degrees Celsius. The result of this research is that the wider the brake lining gap, the smaller the brake efficiency. The greater the temperature on the drum brake also affects the smaller the efficiency of the brake. Meanwhile, the variable brake lining gap and temperature simultaneously (together) affect the level of brake efficiency. The larger gap between the lining and the temperature of the drum brake, the lower the efficiency of the brake obtained.

Business competition in the era of globalization is increasingly dynamic and complex, especially in the video-on-demand entertainment industry. The increasing number of competitors nowadays makes the company look for strategies to capture and maintain market share. Likewise, it is also easy to find information with increasingly sophisticated internet technology. VOD companies are very active in marketing their products through social media. With so many VOD brands, the researcher wanted to see brand image, e-WOM, and the intention of registration for potential consumers. The first is to find out how the effect of the brand image on the intention of registration. Second, to find out how e-WOM influences register intent. Third, to determine the impact of brand image and e-WOM on the intention of registration —the model tests in major cities in Indonesia with online questionnaire survey techniques. Then use PLS analysis with quantitative methods. The result shows that brand image affects the intention of registration, e-WOM affects the intention of registration and brand image, and e-WOM together strongly affects the customers’ intention of registration.

The risk of virus contracting during the COVID-19 pandemic has changed consumer preference for online shopping to meet their daily needs than shopping in brick-and-mortar stores. Online shopping presents a different environment, atmosphere, and experience. The possibility of ethical violations is higher during online than face-to-face transactions. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the influence of perceived health risk and customer perception of online retail ethics on consumer online shopping behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic, involving seven variables, namely perceived health risk, security, privacy, non-deception, reliability fulfillment, service recovery, and online shopping behavior. The data were collected through an online survey by employing the purposive sampling technique to a consumer who has shopped online during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. 315 valid responses were obtained and analyzed through quantitative method using SEM-Amos. The results showed that perceived health risk and four variables of online retail ethics including security, privacy, reliability fulfillment, and service recovery affected online shopping behavior. Meanwhile, non-deception was found to have an insignificant effect. The coefficient value proved perceived health risk to be more dominant in influencing online shopping behavior than the variables of online retail ethics. Thus, consumers pay more concern for their health during online shopping. However, positive consumer perceptions of the behavior of online retail websites in providing services also can encourage consumers to shop online during this pandemic.

Madura has typical cassava-based food products including cassava chips, raw tette chips and fried tett e chips produced by Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). The production process of the three products varies and produces different environmental impacts. This study aims to evaluate and compare environmental impact assessments in the production of raw tette chips and fried tette chips using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. This study evaluates the product life cycle from the procurement of raw materials until the product is consumed. The results showed that fried tette chips had a lower environmental impact than raw t ette chips per 500 gram basis. Climate change, photochemical oxidation and eutrophication are environmental impacts identified in this study. The results of this study are expected to get a comprehensive environmental footprint of the product system with respect to sustainable production and consumption.

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is the fifth most important cereal that is widely used for food, feed, and industrial purposes. Sorghum is cultivated mostly in the central and eastern parts of Indonesia. Sorghum seed viability and vigor influence its productivity by affecting crop growth and stand establishment. Invigoration can also be called conditioning or priming, and is one method that could enhance seed germination in the soil under abiotic stress. Some priming methods are hydro priming, osmopriming, and matrix conditioning. This paper will discuss research on sorghum priming which showed that many priming techniques could improve germination performance, speed of germination, and emergence uniformity.

Mujiyanto, Sugianti Y, Afandy YA, Rahayu R, Bidikusuma RA, Nasriri AS, Syam AR, Purnaningtyas SE. 2021. Reef fish community structure in the islands of Paraja Bay, Pandeglang District, Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4402-4413. Paraja Bay waters have five small islands that coexist with Ujung Kulon National Marine Park and act as a buffer zone for the diversity of fishery resources. This study aimed to assess the reef fishes community structure at small islands in Paraja Bay. Observations were made in 20 locations during August and September 2019 in the five small islands. Reef fishes community structure showed 106 species as included major group (54 species), indicator group (24 species) and target group (28 species), among five small islands, i.e. Badul, Mangir, Oar, Sumur and Umang Islands. The highest reef fishes abundance was founded in Umang Island waters. Several target fish species recorded during the study were mature fish (such as those targeted by fishermen). Only a small proportion were juveniles. Reef fish community structure was categorized as stress community to stable community with its indication was low diversity value, high evenness index, and low dominance. The low diversity index value illustrates that the level of uniformity of reef fish species in Paraja Bay waters is high. This condition is evidenced by each coral fish group's evenness index included in the main species group around 0.93 to 0.98. The target species is 0.88 to 0.99.

The Madurese consumes corn as the primary source of carbohydrates. However, currently, they are experiencing a shift in consumption from corn to rice. It is caused by the availability of abundant rice. Moreover, another reason is the process of processing corn requires a relatively long time. The purpose of this research is to develop instant Madura corn rice. The method used in this research is the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method. Based on the House of Quality matrix obtained 16 attributes of consumer needs both in terms of products and packaging. Highest Attributes of the needs of consumers are attributes without preservatives for the product aspect and presenting attributes for the packaging aspect. There are 17 attributes of technical requirements needed to meet the attributes of consumer needs. Highest priority The technical requirements are the corn type attribute for the product side and the font-size attribute for the packaging aspect. The results of product comparisons with competitors, Madura corn rice products have advantages in the yellow color attribute. Furthermore, It needs to be improved attributes about the texture a little soft.

Krepek tette is one of the traditional chips from Pamekasan. Generally, this product is a famous souvenir from the city. This product is usually produced by a small-medium enterprise (SME). In the krepek tette industry, the steaming process is dependent on wood as fuel. The condition makes the steaming process contributes significantly to the resulting carbon footprint. To support sustainable development goals (SDGs), explicitly ensuring sustainable consumption and production pattern. The production process technology in SMEs needs to be upgraded to achieve sustainable production. One of the solutions is to re-design the steamer for the steaming process of raw cassava. To achieve a good steamer design, gathering information about customer need is a fundamental step to accomplish. The research aims to investigate criteria steamer design that meets customer needs. The survey gathered data about customer requirements and pointed to employees in the krepek tette industry located in central production, Blumbungan sub-district, Pamekasan. All qualitative data were analyzed using fuzzy logic to quantify the value of customer requirements and engineering characteristics. House of Quality, the first matrix of QFD, was used to obtain engineering characteristics priority. There was 12 attribute of customer requirements; however, one attribute failed to meet minimum customer importance weight criteria. Translating customer requirements to engineering characteristics obtain ten attributes. Using fuzzy logic to rank engineering characteristics that meet customer requirements, obtain eight attributes for the design criteria of cassava steamer. The attributes were ignition system used heat element, stainless steel, the design used modular systems, used LPG fuel, input, and output process from the same side, temperature and steam disperse equally, and used under steam pressure

Kreativitas merupakan kemampuan untuk menghasilkan sesuatu yang baru. Salah satu produk kreatif yang ada di Kabupaten Garut adalah kain tenun Panawuan dengan berbagai bentuk dan aneka motif yang diterapkan. Motif kain tenun tidak terlepas dari unsur-unsur yang menjadi pendukung terjadinya bentuk-bentuk visual seperti garis, bidang, tekstur dan warna. Oleh karena itu masalah yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah belum adanya pemaparan mengenai wujud motif kain tenun yang mempunyai karakteristik tertentu ditinjau dengan pendekatan estetik dan belum adanya pemaparan mengenai wujud visual yang terdapat pada produk tenun berkorelasi dengan prinsip kreativitas. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metoda kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini antara lain: wawancara, observasi dan pencatatan dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa wujud visual yang banyak terdapat pada produk tenun dilihat dari bentuk motifnya merupakan bentuk geometris dengan warna-warna yang tidak mencolok serta kreativitas dalam produk kain tenun Panawuan merupakan kemampuan menghasilkan sesuatu yang baru, berupa gagasan maupun karya nyata, baik dalam bentuk karya baru maupun kombinasi dari hal-hal yang sudah ada serta mengandung aspek-aspek seperti fluency (kelancaran), flexibility (keluwesan), elaboration (elaborasi) dan originality (keaslian).

Food authentication is an interesting issue for all parties in the food industry, including the fats and oils industry. Some unethical players try to blend high-quality foods, such as butter, with lower ones like lard, therefore, the analytical methods capable of analyzing the adulteration practices must be developed. This study used proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography for the authentication of butter from lard adulteration. The identification of triacylglycerol composition of lard as a chemical marker for halal authentication is analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The suitability of proton nuclear magnetic resonance provides a high-performance approach for determination butter adulterated with lard in their entirety of all proton bearing components. Peaks in the region of 2.60–2.84 ppm show special characteristics only present in lard. Only lard has its own unique characteristics which only polyunsaturated fatty acids would give signals 7 at δ 2.63, that corresponded to the chemical shift of the double-allylic methylene protons. In the same way, the intensity of signal at 2.63 ppm, due to methylenic protons in a position α to two double bonds, that is to say, due to the linoleic group. Furthermore, we also correlate some signals between 1H and 13C-NMR spectra for the confirmation of signals.

Electric vehicles are a necessity now, especially in the future. The efficiency of electric vehicles continues to be improved, especially in the drive system or electric motor. One type of electric motor used in an electric vehicle that has high efficiency and power density is permanent magnet axial flux motor. This paper explains the comparison of power density on two designs of axial flux motor. A single and multi-air gap axial flux motors had been compared. The finite element method (FEM) simulation is used to determine the power and volume of those motors. The results presented that the two air gaps power density axial flux motors were 195,3 W/kg while those multi air-gap motor with four air gaps had 283.6 W/kg. The results shoes that four air-gap has a bigger power density than two air-gaps.

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imageries data have turned out to be one of the essential sources for forest fire mapping, especially in tropical region since the smoke haze obstruct data acquisition by optical sensor. Despite these limitations, until now, the use of optical sensors still dominates in monitoring forest and land fires in the world. The Sentinel-1 satellites presently offer unreservedly accessible and freely available, world coverage and fast recurrent time (6-12 days), gives Sentinel-1 images the possibility to be broadly utilized for observing the Earth’s surface, including forest and land fire phenomenon. However, the use of sentinel-1 data for monitoring and mapping forest and land fires in the tropics of Indonesia, is still limited and has not been widely implemented. This study investigated the use of Sentinel-1, synergy with optical Landsat-8 OLI (Operational Land Imager) data, to identify the burned area, in the tropical region of Indonesia, during 2019 fire season. A pair of Landsat-8 OLI, collected before and after fires, has been used to delineate the boundaries of sample location of burned area. Then, the difference of reflectance and Normalized Burn Ratio were analyzed. A series of Sentinel-1 images, collected before and during/after fires, has been utilized to produce the backscatter values among images. Fire incident causes landcover changes from vegetated land to bareland. This changes can affect the reflectance detected from Landsat-8 OLI. This changes also influence the backscatter recognized from SAR sensor. Then analysis of SAR backscatter on the location of the burned area detected from Landsat-8 was performed. The synergy between SAR polarimetric and optical reflected data, creates a valuable tool for identifying and interpreting burned area following a fire event.

NiO nanoparticles (NiO NPs) have been prepared with green synthesis method using Ocimum sanctum leaf extract (OSLE), which contains secondary metabolite compounds of alkaloids as a weak base source and capping agent. Characterization using Particle Size Analyser (PSA) showed a particle size of NiO about 52.42 nm. NiO NPs was used as modified on glassy carbon (GC) electrode, and then characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX). GC-NiO NPs was used for preliminary studies of urea sensor. The results showed that GC-NiO NPs can detect urea with limit of detection (LOD) values of 0.12 mM and linearity R2 of 0.97. In addition, the repeatability of urea sensor studies with GC-NiO NPs electrode shows % RSD of 2.854, while its stability shows % RSD of 7.90 for 3 days.

Problem analysis is taught in the classroomenvironment by having students solve problems that oftenhave ready solutions. Because classroom problems areoften solvable within an hour, problem analysis, as oneCEAB (Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board)graduate attribute, may be viewed separately from othergraduate attributes. Students participating inundergraduate research, however, learn problem analysisby also developing investigative skills, use of engineeringtools (Matlab, Excel), even communication skills. In thispaper we discuss our undergraduate research experiencefrom perspectives of mentor and mentee. Mentor'smotivation to recruit undergraduate research studentscould include (i) high probability of finding talentedstudents to work on project of relatively short duration(i.e., one year) and (ii) producing solutions to a variety ofproblems that could lead to research problems. Thesemotivations align well with motivations of undergraduateresearch mentees, i.e., experience in solving morerealistic (open-ended) problems and strengthening theirresearch portfolios. Generating "real world" problemscan be achieved by introducing student-proposed designor analysis project component into a third-year course.Projects completed can then be continued into summerresearch projects. Results from the summer projects inturn enrich the third-year course content. To makeundergraduate research experience more productive,mentor encourages mentee to write and present together aconference paper, such as CEEA 2018 Conference.National-level conference experience would strengthenstudent's research portfolio. Projects with highertechnical content could even be presented to engineeringconferences, which is what we are aiming for. We discussways to increase student participation. We provide acourse project template for faculty members who areinterested in adopting our experience into their teachingand research activities.

Distillation column is very important equipment in the chemical industry which requires large thermal energy around 70% to 85% in ethanol production, it requires optimal control to obtain optimum cost and high product result. Model predictive control is an optimal control which can solve the operational problem. In this research, model predictive control is implemented in mini batch distillation column separating ethanol water mixture. The dynamic of ethanol concentration in the process is modeled as a linear system with time delay at certain operating point. Model predictive control with 5 horizon implemented in Arduino Mega 2560 with 1 minute’ sampling time. From several experiments, with 1400 W heating power, and 30 minute’ controlling time, the result of ethanol concentration is obtained with different tracking error. A higher tracking error can be found due to various things, such as a less accurate of online ethanol concentration sensors compare to offline sensors. To improve model prediction, the implementation with 3 minutes of sampling time and 5 horizons are also performed with unsatisfactory results due to the sensor’s inaccuracies. In general, the concentration of ethanol can be achieved by a linear model from water concentration using model predictive controller. It shows that the linear model used is quite representative. Improved performance of the control system requires a more accurate concentration sensor.

Optical CDMA (OCDMA) systems have received more attention because CDMA allows many users share the same transmission medium asynchronously and simultaneously with a high level of transmission security. In this paper, we describe the improved performance of the spectrum amplitude coding (SAC) OCDMA system using OFDM technique compare to SCM/SAC-OCDMA system. The theoretical results of proposed system shows that, the new SAC/OCDMA system with OFDM technique provides better performance compare to SCM/OCDMA system based on Random Diagonal Code (RD), the results evaluated based on BER, number of users and weight of code. Thus this system could be one promising solution to the symmetric high capacity access network with high spectral efficiency, reducing the required power and cost effective of broadband access network