53,476 results on '"A. Piazza"'
Search Results
2. Enhanced quantum radiation with flying-focus laser pulses
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Formanek, Martin S., Palastro, John P., Ramsey, Dillon, and Di Piazza, Antonino
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High Energy Physics - Phenomenology - Abstract
The emission of a photon by an electron in an intense laser field is one of the most fundamental processes in electrodynamics and underlies the many applications that utilize high-energy photon beams. This process is typically studied for electrons colliding head-on with a stationary-focus laser pulse. Here, we show that the energy lost by electrons and the yield of emitted photons can be substantially increased by replacing a stationary-focus pulse with an equal-energy flying-focus pulse whose focus co-propagates with the electrons. These advantages of the flying focus are a result of operating in the quantum regime of the interaction, where the energy loss and photon yield scale more favorably with the interaction time than the laser intensity. Simulations of 10 GeV electrons colliding with 10 J pulses demonstrate these advantages and predict a $5\times$ increase in the yield of 1-20 MeV photons with a flying focus pulse, which would impact applications in medicine, material science, and nuclear physics., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures more...
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- 2025
Catalog
3. Cosmological perturbations meet Wheeler DeWitt
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Piazza, Federico and Vareilles, Siméon
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High Energy Physics - Theory ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology - Abstract
We study solutions of the Wheeler DeWitt (WdW) equation in order to recover standard results of cosmological perturbation theory. In mini-superspace, we introduce a dimensionless gravitational coupling $\alpha$ that is typically very small and functions like $\hbar$ in a WKB expansion. We seek solutions of the form $\Psi = e^{iS/\alpha} \psi$ that are the closest quantum analog of a given classical background spacetime. The function $S$ satisfies the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, while $\psi$ obeys a Schr\"odinger-like equation and has a clear probabilistic interpretation. By using the semiclassical limit we express the relation between $\psi$ and the wavefunction of the universe in perturbation theory, $\psi_P$. We apply our formalism to two main examples. The first is a scalar field with a purely exponential potential, of which particularly simple, scaling solutions are known. The other is a slow-roll scenario expanded in the vicinity of the origin in field space. We discuss possible deviations from the classical background trajectory as well as the higher ``time" derivative terms that are present in the WdW equation but not in the perturbative approach. We clarify the conditional probability content of the wavefunctions and how this is related with the standard gauge fixing procedure in perturbation theory., Comment: 32 pages, two figures. Comments welcome more...
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- 2024
4. CHEOPS observations confirm nodal precession in the WASP-33 system
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Smith, A. M. S., Csizmadia, Sz., Van Grootel, V., Lendl, M., Persson, C. M., Olofsson, G., Ehrenreich, D., Günther, M. N., Heitzmann, A., Barros, S. C. C., Bonfanti, A., Brandeker, A., Cabrera, J., Demangeon, O. D. S., Fossati, L., Harre, J. -V., Hooton, M. J., Hoyer, S., Kalman, Sz., Salmon, S., Sousa, S. G., Szabó, Gy. M., Wilson, T. G., Alibert, Y., Alonso, R., Asquier, J., Bárczy, T., Barrado, D., Baumjohann, W., Benz, W., Billot, N., Borsato, L., Broeg, C., Cameron, A. Collier, Correia, A. C. M., Cubillos, P. E., Davies, M. B., Deleuil, M., Deline, A., Demory, B. -O., Derekas, A., Edwards, B., Egger, J. A., Erikson, A., Fortier, A., Fridlund, M., Gandolfi, D., Gazeas, K., Gillon, M., Güdel, M., Hasiba, J., Helling, Ch., Isaak, K. G., Kiss, L. L., Korth, J., Lam, K. W. F., Laskar, J., Etangs, A. Lecavelier des, Magrin, D., Maxted, P. F. L., Merín, B., Mordasini, C., Nascimbeni, V., Ottensamer, R., Pagano, I., Pallé, E., Peter, G., Piazza, D., Piotto, G., Pollacco, D., Queloz, D., Ragazzoni, R., Rando, N., Rauer, H., Ribas, I., Santos, N. C., Scandariato, G., Ségransan, D., Simon, A. E., Stalport, M., Sulis, S., Udry, S., Ulmer-Moll, S., Venturini, J., Villaver, E., Viotto, V., Walter, I., Walton, N. A., and Wolf, S. more...
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
Aims: We aim to observe the transits and occultations of WASP-33b, which orbits a rapidly-rotating $\delta$ Scuti pulsator, with the goal of measuring the orbital obliquity via the gravity-darkening effect, and constraining the geometric albedo via the occultation depth. Methods: We observed four transits and four occultations with CHEOPS, and employ a variety of techniques to remove the effects of the stellar pulsations from the light curves, as well as the usual CHEOPS systematic effects. We also performed a comprehensive analysis of low-resolution spectral and Gaia data to re-determine the stellar properties of WASP-33. Results: We measure an orbital obliquity 111.3 +0.2 -0.7 degrees, which is consistent with previous measurements made via Doppler tomography. We also measure the planetary impact parameter, and confirm that this parameter is undergoing rapid secular evolution as a result of nodal precession of the planetary orbit. This precession allows us to determine the second-order fluid Love number of the star, which we find agrees well with the predictions of theoretical stellar models. We are unable to robustly measure a unique value of the occultation depth, and emphasise the need for long-baseline observations to better measure the pulsation periods., Comment: 18 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics more...
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- 2024
5. Coherent frequency combs from electrons colliding with a laser pulse
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Quin, Michael J., Di Piazza, Antonino, and Tamburini, Matteo
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Physics - Optics ,Physics - Classical Physics - Abstract
Highly coherent and powerful light sources capable of generating frequency combs in the soft x-ray domain are essential for advancing high precision measurements and conducting rigorous tests of fundamental physics. In this work, we derive the analytical conditions required for the emission of coherent radiation, including coherent frequency combs, from an electron beam colliding with a laser pulse, modeled as a plane wave. Using numerical simulations, we demonstrate that this scheme can produce a coherent soft x-ray frequency comb, provided the electron beam is sufficiently monoenergetic and electrons in the beam are regularly spaced. Furthermore, we highlight the advantageous role of employing few-cycle laser pulses in relaxing the stringent monoenergeticity requirements for coherent emission. The conditions derived here can also be used to optimize coherent emission from electron beam-laser interactions in other frequency ranges, such as the terahertz domain. more...
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- 2024
6. On the $1/c$ expansion in $2d$ CFTs with degenerate operators
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Bissi, Agnese, Dondi, Nicola, Piazza, Alessandro, Reis, Tomas, and Serone, Marco
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High Energy Physics - Theory ,Mathematical Physics - Abstract
We analytically determine the large central charge asymptotic expansion of the Virasoro conformal blocks entering in four-point functions with external degenerate operators on a sphere in $2d$ CFTs, and study its resurgence properties as a function of the conformal cross-ratio $z$. We focus on the cases of four heavy $(2,1)$ degenerate operators, and two $(2,1)$ heavy degenerate ones plus two arbitrary light operators. The $1/c$ asymptotic series is Borel summable for generic values of $z$, but it jumps when a Stokes line is crossed. Starting from the $1/c$ series of the identity block, we show how a resurgent analysis allows us to completely determine the other Virasoro block and in fact to reconstruct the full correlator. We also show that forbidden singularities, known to exist in correlators with two heavy and two light operators, appear with four heavy operators as well. In both cases, they are turning points emanating Stokes lines, artefacts of the asymptotic expansion, and we show how they are non perturbatively resolved. More general correlators and implications for gravitational theories in $\text{AdS}_{3}$ are briefly discussed. Our results are based on new asymptotic expansions for large parameters $(a,b,c)$ of certain hypergeometric functions $\,_2 F_1(a,b,c;z)$ which can be useful in general., Comment: 32+28 pages, 13 figures more...
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- 2024
7. In-situ observations of resident space objects with the CHEOPS space telescope
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Billot, Nicolas, Hellmich, Stephan, Benz, Willy, Fortier, Andrea, Ehrenreich, David, Broeg, Christopher, Heitzmann, Alexis, Bekkelien, Anja, Brandeker, Alexis, Alibert, Yann, Alonso, Roi, Bárczy, Tamas, Navascues, David Barrado, Barros, Susana C. C., Baumjohann, Wolfgang, Biondi, Federico, Borsato, Luca, Cameron, Andrew Collier, van Damme, Carlos Corral, Correia, Alexandre C. M., Csizmadia, Szilard, Cubillos, Patricio E., Davies, Melvyn B., Deleuil, Magali, Deline, Adrien, Demangeon, Olivier D. S., Demory, Brice-Olivier, Derekas, Aliz, Edwards, Billy, Egger, Jo Ann, Erikson, Anders, Fossati, Luca, Fridlund, Malcolm, Gandolfi, Davide, Gazeas, Kosmas, Gillon, Michaël, Güdel, Manuel, Günther, Maximilian N., Helling, Ch., Isaak, Kate G., Kiss, Laszlo L., Korth, Judith, Lam, Kristine W. F., Laskar, Jacques, Etangs, Alain Lecavelier des, Lendl, Monika, Magrin, Demetrio, Maxted, Pierre F. L., Mecina, Marko, Merín, Bruno, Mordasini, Christoph, Nascimbeni, Valerio, Olofsson, Göran, Ottensamer, Roland, Pagano, Isabella, Pallé, Enric, Peter, Gisbert, Piazza, Daniele, Piotto, Giampaolo, Pollacco, Don, Queloz, Didier, Ragazzoni, Roberto, Rando, Nicola, Rauer, Heike, Ribas, Ignasi, Rieder, Martin, Santos, Nuno C., Scandariato, Gaetano, Ségransan, Damien, Simon, Attila E., Smith, Alexis M. S., Sousa, Sérgio G., Stalport, Manu, Sulis, Sophia, Szabó, Gyula M., Udry, Stéphane, Ulmer, Bernd, Ulmer-Moll, Solène, Van Grootel, Valérie, Venturini, Julia, Villaver, Eva, Walton, Nicholas A., and Wilson, Thomas G. more...
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability ,Physics - Space Physics - Abstract
The CHaracterising ExOPlanet Satellite (CHEOPS) is a partnership between the European Space Agency and Switzerland with important contributions by 10 additional ESA member States. It is the first S-class mission in the ESA Science Programme. CHEOPS has been flying on a Sun-synchronous low Earth orbit since December 2019, collecting millions of short-exposure images in the visible domain to study exoplanet properties. A small yet increasing fraction of CHEOPS images show linear trails caused by resident space objects crossing the instrument field of view. To characterize the population of satellites and orbital debris observed by CHEOPS, all and every science images acquired over the past 3 years have been scanned with a Hough transform algorithm to identify the characteristic linear features that these objects cause on the images. Thousands of trails have been detected. This statistically significant sample shows interesting trends and features such as an increased occurrence rate over the past years as well as the fingerprint of the Starlink constellation. The cross-matching of individual trails with catalogued objects is underway as we aim to measure their distance at the time of observation and deduce the apparent magnitude of the detected objects. As space agencies and private companies are developing new space-based surveillance and tracking activities to catalogue and characterize the distribution of small debris, the CHEOPS experience is timely and relevant. With the first CHEOPS mission extension currently running until the end of 2026, and a possible second extension until the end of 2029, the longer time coverage will make our dataset even more valuable to the community, especially for characterizing objects with recurrent crossings., Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, Special Issue of the Journal of Space Safety Engineering more...
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- 2024
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8. Broadband coherent XUV light from $e^-/e^+$ microbunching in an intense laser pulse
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Quin, Michael J., Di Piazza, Antonino, Keitel, Christoph H., and Tamburini, Matteo
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Physics - Plasma Physics ,Physics - Optics - Abstract
Attosecond pulses of coherent extreme ultraviolet (XUV) light are instrumental for studying sub-atomic dynamics, and are often produced from a free electron laser (FEL) by electron microbunches in an undulator. An optical-FEL (OFEL) utilizes a counter-propagating laser pulse instead of an undulator, and has been proposed as a more compact and tunable source than a FEL. Yet, an OFEL is difficult to realize because of the high electron density required and subsequent high emittance. We demonstrate that broadband coherent XUV light, which in the temporal domain corresponds to a train of attosecond pulses with 8-as duration at 92-as intervals, can be generated by microbunching of relativistic electrons and positrons in an optical laser pulse. The symmetry between electrons and positrons in the bunch stabilizes the system and enables the rapid formation of dense microbunches over a ten-micrometer distance instead of the tens of meters typically required in an undulator. The high microbunch density and the stable spectral phase up to emitted photon energies of about 350 eV, allow for the creation of orders of magnitude more compact sources of XUV light that could be employed in physics, chemistry, biology, and industry. more...
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- 2024
9. A possible misaligned orbit for the young planet AU Mic c
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Yu, H., Garai, Z., Cretignier, M., Szabó, Gy. M., Aigrain, S., Gandolfi, D., Bryant, E. M., Correia, A. C. M., Klein, B., Brandeker, A., Owen, J. E., Günther, M. N., Winn, J. N., Heitzmann, A., Cegla, H. M., Wilson, T. G., Gill, S., Kriskovics, L., Barragán, O., Boldog, A., Nielsen, L. D., Billot, N., Lafarga, M., Meech, A., Alibert, Y., Alonso, R., Bárczy, T., Barrado, D., Barros, S. C. C., Baumjohann, W., Bayliss, D., Benz, W., Bergomi, M., Borsato, L., Broeg, C., Cameron, A. Collier, Csizmadia, Sz., Cubillos, P. E., Davies, M. B., Deleuil, M., Deline, A., Demangeon, O. D. S., Demory, B. O., Derekas, A., Doyle, L., Edwards, B., Egger, J. A., Ehrenreich, D., Erikson, A., Fortier, A., Fossati, L., Fridlund, M., Gazeas, K., Gillon, M., Güdel, M., Helling, Ch., Isaak, K. G., Kiss, L. L., Korth, J., Lam, K. W. F., Laskar, J., Etangs, A. Lecavelier des, Lendl, M., Magrin, D., Maxted, P. F. L., McCormac, J., Merín, B., Mordasini, C., Nascimbeni, V., O'Brien, S. M., Olofsson, G., Ottensamer, R., Pagano, I., Pallé, E., Peter, G., Piazza, D., Piotto, G., Pollacco, D., Queloz, D., Ragazzoni, R., Rando, N., Rauer, H., Ribas, I., Santos, N. C., Scandariato, G., Ségransan, D., Simon, A. E., Smith, A. M. S., Sousa, S. G., Southworth, R., Stalport, M., Steinberger, M., Sulis, S., Udry, S., Ulmer, B., Ulmer-Moll, S., Van Grootel, V., Venturini, J., Villaver, E., Walton, N. A., and Wheatley, P. J. more...
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
The AU Microscopii planetary system is only 24 Myr old, and its geometry may provide clues about the early dynamical history of planetary systems. Here, we present the first measurement of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect for the warm sub-Neptune AU Mic c, using two transits observed simultaneously with the European Southern Observatory's (ESO's) Very Large Telescope (VLT)/Echelle SPectrograph for Rocky Exoplanets and Stable Spectroscopic Observations (ESPRESSO), CHaracterising ExOPlanet Satellite (CHEOPS), and Next-Generation Transit Survey (NGTS). After correcting for flares and for the magnetic activity of the host star, and accounting for transit-timing variations, we find the sky-projected spin-orbit angle of planet c to be in the range $\lambda_c=67.8_{-49.0}^{+31.7}$\,degrees (1-$\sigma$). We examine the possibility that planet c is misaligned with respect to the orbit of the inner planet b ($\lambda_b=-2.96_{-10.30}^{+10.44}$\,degrees), and the equatorial plane of the host star, and discuss scenarios that could explain both this and the planet's high density, including secular interactions with other bodies in the system or a giant impact. We note that a significantly misaligned orbit for planet c is in some degree of tension with the dynamical stability of the system, and with the fact that we see both planets in transit, though these arguments alone do not preclude such an orbit. Further observations would be highly desirable to constrain the spin-orbit angle of planet c more precisely., Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS more...
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- 2024
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10. Examples in Discrete Iteration of Arbitrary Intervals of Slopes
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Contreras, Manuel D., Cruz-Zamorano, Francisco J., and Rodríguez-Piazza, Luis
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Mathematics - Complex Variables ,Mathematics - Dynamical Systems ,Primary 30D05, 37FXX - Abstract
Given a compact interval $[a,b] \subset [0,\pi]$, we construct a parabolic self-map of the upper half-plane whose set of slopes is $[a,b]$. The nature of this construction is completely discrete and explicit: we explicitly construct a self-map and we explicitly show in which way its orbits wander towards the Denjoy-Wolff point. We also analyze some properties of the Herglotz measure corresponding to such example, which yield the regularity of such self-map in its Denjoy-Wolff point. more...
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- 2024
11. A close outer companion to the ultra-hot Jupiter TOI-2109 b?
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Harre, J. -V., Smith, A. M. S., Barros, S. C. C., Singh, V., Korth, J., Brandeker, A., Cameron, A. Collier, Lendl, M., Wilson, T. G., Borsato, L., Csizmadia, Sz., Cabrera, J., Parviainen, H., Correia, A. C. M., Akinsanmi, B., Rosario, N., Leonardi, P., Serrano, L. M., Alibert, Y., Alonso, R., Asquier, J., Bárczy, T., Navascues, D. Barrado, Baumjohann, W., Benz, W., Billot, N., Broeg, C., Busch, M. -D., Cubillos, P. E., Davies, M. B., Deleuil, M., Deline, A., Delrez, L., Demangeon, O. D. S., Demory, B. -O., Derekas, A., Edwards, B., Ehrenreich, D., Erikson, A., Fortier, A., Fossati, L., Fridlund, M., Gandolfi, D., Gazeas, K., Gillon, M., Güdel, M., Günther, M. N., Heitzmann, A., Helling, Ch., Isaak, K. G., Kiss, L. L., Lam, K. W. F., Laskar, J., Etangs, A. Lecavelier des, Magrin, D., Maxted, P. F. L., Merín, B., Mordasini, C., Nascimbeni, V., Olofsson, G., Ottensamer, R., Pagano, I., Pallé, E., Peter, G., Piazza, D., Piotto, G., Pollacco, D., Queloz, D., Ragazzoni, R., Rando, N., Rauer, H., Ribas, I., Santos, N. C., Scandariato, G., Ségransan, D., Simon, A. E., Sousa, S. G., Stalport, M., Sulis, S., Szabó, Gy. M., Udry, S., Ulmer, B., Van Grootel, V., Venturini, J., Villaver, E., Viotto, V., Walton, N. A., West, R., and Westerdorff, K. more...
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
Hot Jupiters with close-by planetary companions are rare, with only a handful of them having been discovered so far. This could be due to their suggested dynamical histories, leading to the possible ejection of other planets. TOI-2109 b is special in this regard because it is the hot Jupiter with the closest relative separation from its host star, being separated by less than 2.3 stellar radii. Unexpectedly, transit timing measurements from recently obtained CHEOPS observations show low amplitude transit-timing variations (TTVs). We aim to search for signs of orbital decay and to characterise the apparent TTVs, trying to gain information about a possible companion. We fit the newly obtained CHEOPS light curves using TLCM and extract the resulting mid-transit timings. Successively, we use these measurements in combination with TESS and archival photometric data and radial velocity data to estimate the rate of tidal orbital decay of TOI-2109 b, as well as characterise the TTVs using the N-body code TRADES and the photodynamical approach of PyTTV. We find tentative evidence at $3\sigma$ for orbital decay in the TOI-2109 system, when we correct the mid-transit timings using the best-fitting sinusoidal model of the TTVs. We do not detect additional transits in the available photometric data, but find evidence towards the authenticity of the apparent TTVs, indicating a close-by, outer companion with $P_\mathrm{c} > 1.125\,$d. Due to the fast rotation of the star, the new planetary candidate cannot be detected in the available radial velocity (RV) measurements, and its parameters can only be loosely constrained by our joint TTV and RV modelling. TOI-2109 could join a small group of rare hot Jupiter systems that host close-by planetary companions, only one of which (WASP-47 b) has an outer companion. More high-precision photometric measurements are necessary to confirm the planetary companion., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A. 21 pages, 21 figures more...
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- 2024
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12. Long-Term Outcomes after Behavior-Analytic Intervention for Pediatric Feeding Disorders
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Ashley S. Andersen, Jaime G. Crowley-Zalaket, Christopher W. Engler, Jason R. Zeleny, Kathryn M. Peterson, Aida G. Miles, and Cathleen C. Piazza
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Many children with autism spectrum disorder experience feeding difficulties that can lead to increased health risks (e.g., severe nutrition deficiencies, obesity-related illnesses) if left untreated. Intensive feeding programs that use behavior-analytic interventions have reported positive outcomes for treating challenging behavior associated with pediatric feeding disorders at discharge and up to 1 year post discharge. Whether these children achieve and maintain long-term goals is unknown. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate outcomes of behavior-analytic intervention for pediatric feeding disorders among children with and without autism spectrum disorder in an intensive feeding program post discharge. Caregivers of former patients reported on the positive and negative impact of the program and their child's growth and diet variety at follow-up. 85% of caregivers reported the program had a positive impact. Increases in height-for-age z scores were significant from admission to discharge from the intensive program, and progress in growth and diet variety remained the same or improved for most children at follow-up. Results suggest that behavior-analytic intervention in an intensive feeding program produced positive short- and long-term outcomes for children and their families. more...
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- 2024
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13. Probing third-generation New Physics with $K\to \pi \nu\bar\nu$ and $B\to K^{(*)} \nu\bar\nu$
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Allwicher, Lukas, Bordone, Marzia, Isidori, Gino, Piazza, Gioacchino, and Stanzione, Alfredo
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High Energy Physics - Phenomenology - Abstract
The recent observation of the $K^+ \to \pi^+ \nu\bar\nu$ decay by NA62 is an important milestone in precision flavor physics. Together with evidence of $B^+ \to K^+\nu\bar\nu$ reported by Belle-II, they are the only FCNC decays involving third-family leptons where a precision close to the SM expectation has been reached. We study the implications of these recent results in the context of a new physics scenario aligned to the third generation, with an approximate $U(2)^5$ flavor symmetry acting on the light families. We find that the slight excess observed in both channels supports the hypothesis of non-standard TeV dynamics of this type, as also hinted at by other $B$-meson decays, consistently with bounds from colliders and electroweak observables. We further discuss how future improvements in precision could affect this picture, highlighting the discovery potential in these di-neutrino modes., Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures more...
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- 2024
14. The CHEOPS view on the climate of WASP-3 b
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Scandariato, G., Carone, L., Cubillos, P. E., Maxted, P. F. L., Zingales, T., Günther, M. N., Heitzmann, A., Lendl, M., Wilson, T. G., Bonfanti, A., Bruno, G., Krenn, A., Valdes, E. Meier, Singh, V., Swayne, M. I., Alibert, Y., Alonso, R., Bárczy, T., Navascues, D. Barrado, Barros, S. C. C., Baumjohann, W., Benz, W., Billot, N., Borsato, L., Brandeker, A., Broeg, C., Buder, M., Busch, M. -D., Cameron, A. Collier, Correia, A. C. M., Csizmadia, Sz., Davies, M. B., Deleuil, M., Deline, A., Delrez, L., Demangeon, O. D. S., Demory, B. -O., Derekas, A., Edwards, B., Ehrenreich, D., Erikson, A., Farinato, J., Fortier, A., Fossati, L., Fridlund, M., Gandolfi, D., Gazeas, K., Gillon, M., Güdel, M., Helling, Ch., Isaak, K. G., Kiss, L. L., Korth, J., Lam, K. W. F., Laskar, J., Etangs, A. Lecavelier des, Magrin, D., Merín, B., Mordasini, C., Nascimbeni, V., Olofsson, G., Ottensamer, R., Pagano, I., Pallé, E., Peter, G., Piazza, D., Piotto, G., Pollacco, D., Queloz, D., Ragazzoni, R., Rando, N., Rauer, H., Ribas, I., Santos, N. C., Ségransan, D., Simon, A. E., Smith, A. M. S., Sousa, S. G., Stalport, M., Sulis, S., Szabó, Gy. M., Udry, S., Van Grootel, V., Venturini, J., Villaver, E., and Walton, N. A. more...
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
Hot Jupiters are giant planets subject to intense stellar radiation. The physical and chemical properties of their atmosphere makes them the most amenable targets for the atmospheric characterization. In this paper we analyze the photometry collected during the secondary eclipses of the hot Jupiter WASP-3 b by CHEOPS, TESS and Spitzer. Our aim is to characterize the atmosphere of the planet by measuring the secondary eclipse depth in several passbands and constrain the planetary dayside spectrum. Our update of the stellar and planetary properties is consistent with previous works. The analysis of the occultations returns an eclipse depth of 92+-21 ppm in the CHEOPS passband, 83+-27 ppm for TESS and >2000 ppm in the IRAC 1-2-4 Spitzer passbands. Using the eclipse depths in the Spitzer bands we propose a set of likely emission spectra which constrain the emission contribution in the \cheops and TESS passbands to approximately a few dozens of parts per million. This allowed us to measure a geometric albedo of 0.21+-0.07 in the CHEOPS passband, while the TESS data lead to a 95\% upper limit of $\sim$0.2. WASP-3 b belongs to the group of ultra-hot Jupiters which are characterized by low Bond albedo (<0.3+-0.1), as predicted by different atmospheric models. On the other hand, it unexpectedly seems to efficiently recirculate the absorbed stellar energy, unlike similar highly irradiated planets. To explain this inconsistency, we propose that other energy recirculation mechanisms may be at play other than advection (for example, dissociation and recombination of H_2). Another possibility is that the observations in different bandpasses probe different atmospheric layers, making the atmospheric analysis difficult without an appropriate modeling of the thermal emission spectrum of WASP-3 b, which is not feasible with the limited spectroscopic data available to date. more...
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- 2024
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15. Radiation by a laser-driven flying-focus electron wave packet
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Di Piazza, Antonino, Formanek, Martin, Ramsey, Dillon, and Palastro, John P.
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High Energy Physics - Phenomenology - Abstract
An exact solution of the Dirac equation in the presence of an arbitrary electromagnetic plane wave is found, which corresponds to a focused electron wave packet, with the focus of the wave packet moving at the speed of light in the opposite direction of the average momentum of the electron wave packet (unless the plane wave is so intense to reflect the electron). The photon spectrum emitted by such an electron wave packet in the presence of a linearly-polarized plane wave is studied both analytically and numerically. The spectrum is also compared with the one emitted by a single-momentum, plane-wave electron in the case of the electron being initially counter-propagating (on average for the flying-focus case) with the plane wave and within the locally-constant field approximation. It is found that if the electron flying-focus wave packet is focused beyond a Compton wavelength, the angular distribution of the emitted radiation along the magnetic field of the electromagnetic plane wave is broader than for an electron with definite momentum. Corresponding the maximum value of the photon yield on the transverse plane is smaller in the flying-focus electron case. This could represent an experimental signature of a laser-driven flying-focus electron wave packet., Comment: 24 pages, 1 figure more...
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- 2024
16. The random free field scalar theory
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Piazza, Alessandro, Serone, Marco, and Trevisani, Emilio
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High Energy Physics - Theory ,Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics - Abstract
Quantum field theories with quenched disorder are so hard to study that even exactly solvable free theories present puzzling aspects. We consider a free scalar field $\phi$ in $d$ dimensions coupled to a random source $h$ with quenched disorder. Despite the presence of a mass scale governing the disorder distribution, we derive a new description of the theory that allows us to show that the theory is gapless and invariant under conformal symmetry, which acts in a non-trivial way on $\phi$ and $h$. This manifest CFT description reveals the presence of exotic continuous symmetries, such as nilpotent bosonic ones, in the quenched theory. We also reconsider Cardy's CFT description defined through the replica trick. In this description, the nilpotent symmetries reveal a striking resemblance with Parisi-Sourlas supersymmetries. We provide explicit maps of correlation functions between such CFTs and the original quenched theory. The maps are non-trivial and show that conformal behaviour is manifest only when considering suitable linear combinations of averages of products of correlators. We also briefly discuss how familiar notions like normal ordering of composite operators and OPE can be generalized in the presence of the more complicated local observables in the quenched theory., Comment: 52 pages more...
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- 2024
17. Effective diffusion along the backbone of combs with finite-span 1D and 2D fingers
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Bettarini, Giovanni and Piazza, Francesco
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Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics - Abstract
Diffusion in complex heterogeneous media such as biological tissues or porous materials typically involves constrained displacements in tortuous structures and {\em sticky} environments. Therefore, diffusing particles experience both entropic (excluded-volume) forces and the presence of complex energy landscapes. In this situation, one may describe transport through an effective diffusion coefficient. In this paper, we examine comb structures with finite-length 1D and finite-area 2D fingers, which act as purely diffusive traps. We find that there exists a critical width of 2D fingers above which the effective diffusion along the backbone is faster than for an equivalent arrangement of 1D fingers. Moreover, we show that the effective diffusion coefficient is described by a general analytical form for both 1D and 2D fingers, provided the correct scaling variable is identified as a function of the structural parameters. Interestingly, this formula corresponds to the well-known general situation of diffusion in a medium with fast reversible adsorption. Finally, we show that the same formula describes diffusion in the presence of dilute potential energy traps, e.g. through a landscape of square wells. While diffusion is ultimately always the results of microscopic interactions (with particles in the fluid, other solutes and the environment), effective representations are often of great practical use. The results reported in this paper help clarify the microscopic origins and the applicability of global, integrated descriptions of diffusion in complex media. more...
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- 2024
18. COLIS: an advanced light scattering apparatus for investigating the structure and dynamics of soft matter onboard the International Space Station
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Martinelli, Alessandro, Buzzaccaro, Stefano, Galand, Quentin, Behra, Juliette, Segers, Niel, Leussink, Erik, Dhillon, Yadvender Singh, Maes, Dominique, Lutsko, James, Piazza, Roberto, and Cipelletti, Luca more...
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Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter - Abstract
Colloidal Solids (COLIS) is a state-of-the-art light scattering setup developed for experiments onboard the International Space Station (ISS). COLIS allows for probing the structure and dynamics of soft matter systems on a wide range of length scales, from a few nm to tens of microns, and on time scales from 100 ns to tens of hours. In addition to conventional static and dynamic light scattering, COLIS includes depolarized dynamic light scattering, a small-angle camera, photon correlation imaging, and optical manipulation of thermosensitive samples through an auxiliary near-infrared laser beam, thereby providing a unique platform for probing soft matter systems. We demonstrate COLIS through ground tests on standard Brownian suspensions, and on protein, colloidal glasses, and gel systems similar to those to be used in future ISS experiments. more...
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- 2024
19. CT-AGRG: Automated Abnormality-Guided Report Generation from 3D Chest CT Volumes
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Di Piazza, Theo
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Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing ,Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Abstract
The rapid increase of computed tomography (CT) scans and their time-consuming manual analysis have created an urgent need for robust automated analysis techniques in clinical settings. These aim to assist radiologists and help them managing their growing workload. Existing methods typically generate entire reports directly from 3D CT images, without explicitly focusing on observed abnormalities. This unguided approach often results in repetitive content or incomplete reports, failing to prioritize anomaly-specific descriptions. We propose a new anomaly-guided report generation model, which first predicts abnormalities and then generates targeted descriptions for each. Evaluation on a public dataset demonstrates significant improvements in report quality and clinical relevance. We extend our work by conducting an ablation study to demonstrate its effectiveness., Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures, accepted to ISBI 2025 more...
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- 2024
20. The Programmable Liquid-crystal Active Coronagraphic Imager for the DAG telescope (PLACID) instrument: On-site status update ahead of first light
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Kühn, Jonas G., Jolissaint, Laurent, Baur, Audrey, Lin, Liurong, Potier, Axel, Tandon, Ruben, Çetni, Derya Öztürk, Piazza, Daniele, Brändli, Mathias, Manurung, Iljadin, and Rieder, Martin
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Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
The Programmable Liquid-crystal Active Coronagraphic Imager for the DAG telescope (PLACID) instrument is a novel high-contrast direct imaging facility that was recently delivered to the Turkish 4-m DAG telescope, with first light anticipated by the end of 2024. In a nutshell, PLACID consists in a fore-optics coronagraphic intermediate stage platform, installed in-between the TROIA XAO system and the DIRAC HAWAII-1RG focal-plane array. The PLACID project, led by a consortium of Swiss Universities contracted by the Atat\"urk University Astrophysics Research and Application Center (ATASAM), has passed the Delivery Readiness Review (DRR) milestone in September 2023, and was delivered to ATASAM campus facilities in March 2024. The PLACID commissioning activities with the calibration light source at the summit, on the DAG telescope Nasmyth platform, are foreseen to take place this fall, with first light scheduled to take place before the end of the year. When on-sky, PLACID will be the world's first ''active coronagraph'' facility, fielding a customized spatial light modulator (SLM) acting as a dynamically programmable focal-plane phase mask (FPM) coronagraph from H- to Ks-band. This will provide a wealth of novel options to observers, among which software-only abilities to change or re-align the FPM pattern in function of conditions or science requirements, free of any actuator motion. Future features will include non-common path aberrations (NCPA) self-calibration, optimized coronagraphy for binary stars, as well as coherent differential imaging (CDI). We hereby present the delivered PLACID instrument, its current capabilities, and Factory Acceptance commissioning results with relevant performance metrics., Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation: Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy X (Yokohama 2024), Paper 130961M more...
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- 2024
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- View/download PDF
21. The 2023 Dengue Outbreak in Lombardy, Italy: A One-Health Perspective
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Rovida, Francesca, Faccini, Marino, Grané, Carla Molina, Cassaniti, Irene, Senatore, Sabrina, Rossetti, Eva, Scardina, Giuditta, Piazza, Manuela, Campanini, Giulia, Lilleri, Daniele, Paolucci, Stefania, Ferrari, Guglielmo, Piralla, Antonio, Defilippo, Francesco, Lelli, Davide, Moreno, Ana, Vezzosi, Luigi, Attanasi, Federica, Marzia, Soresini, Manuela, Barozzi, Cerutti, Lorenzo, Paglia, Stefano, Regazzetti, Angelo, Marcacci, Maurilia, Di Donato, Guido, Farioli, Marco, Manica, Mattia, Poletti, Piero, Lavazza, Antonio, Bonini, Maira, Merler, Stefano, Baldanti, Fausto, Cereda, Danilo, and network, Lombardy Dengue more...
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Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution - Abstract
Introduction. Here we reported the virological, entomological and epidemiological characteristics of the large autochthonous outbreak of dengue (DENV) occurred in a small village of the Lombardy region (Northern Italy) during summer 2023. Methods. After the diagnosis of the first autochthonous case on 18 August 2023, public health measures, including epidemiological investigation and vector control measures, were carried out. A serological screening for DENV antibodies detection was offered to the population. In the case of positive DENV IgM, a second sample was collected to detect DENV RNA and verify seroconversion. Entomological and epidemiological investigations were also performed. A modeling analysis was conducted to estimate the dengue generation time, transmission potential, distance of transmission, and assess diagnostic delays. Results. Overall, 416 subjects participated to the screening program and 20 were identified as DENV-1 cases (15 confirmed and 5 probable). In addition, DENV-1 infection was diagnosed in 24 symptomatic subjects referred to the local Emergency Room Department for suggestive symptoms and 1 case was identified through blood donation screening. The average generation time was estimated to be 18.3 days (95% CI: 13.1-23.5 days). R0 was estimated at 1.31 (95% CI: 0.76-1.98); 90% of transmission occurred within 500m. Entomological investigations performed in 46 pools of mosquitoes revealed the presence of only one positive pool for DENV-1. Discussion. This report highlights the importance of synergic surveillance, including virological, entomological and public health measures to control the spread of arboviral infections. more...
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- 2024
22. Could ChatGPT get an Engineering Degree? Evaluating Higher Education Vulnerability to AI Assistants
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Borges, Beatriz, Foroutan, Negar, Bayazit, Deniz, Sotnikova, Anna, Montariol, Syrielle, Nazaretzky, Tanya, Banaei, Mohammadreza, Sakhaeirad, Alireza, Servant, Philippe, Neshaei, Seyed Parsa, Frej, Jibril, Romanou, Angelika, Weiss, Gail, Mamooler, Sepideh, Chen, Zeming, Fan, Simin, Gao, Silin, Ismayilzada, Mete, Paul, Debjit, Schöpfer, Alexandre, Janchevski, Andrej, Tiede, Anja, Linden, Clarence, Troiani, Emanuele, Salvi, Francesco, Behrens, Freya, Orsi, Giacomo, Piccioli, Giovanni, Sevel, Hadrien, Coulon, Louis, Pineros-Rodriguez, Manuela, Bonnassies, Marin, Hellich, Pierre, van Gerwen, Puck, Gambhir, Sankalp, Pirelli, Solal, Blanchard, Thomas, Callens, Timothée, Aoun, Toni Abi, Alonso, Yannick Calvino, Cho, Yuri, Chiappa, Alberto, Sclocchi, Antonio, Bruno, Étienne, Hofhammer, Florian, Pescia, Gabriel, Rizk, Geovani, Dadi, Leello, Stoffl, Lucas, Ribeiro, Manoel Horta, Bovel, Matthieu, Pan, Yueyang, Radenovic, Aleksandra, Alahi, Alexandre, Mathis, Alexander, Bitbol, Anne-Florence, Faltings, Boi, Hébert, Cécile, Tuia, Devis, Maréchal, François, Candea, George, Carleo, Giuseppe, Chappelier, Jean-Cédric, Flammarion, Nicolas, Fürbringer, Jean-Marie, Pellet, Jean-Philippe, Aberer, Karl, Zdeborová, Lenka, Salathé, Marcel, Jaggi, Martin, Rajman, Martin, Payer, Mathias, Wyart, Matthieu, Gastpar, Michael, Ceriotti, Michele, Svensson, Ola, Lévêque, Olivier, Ienne, Paolo, Guerraoui, Rachid, West, Robert, Kashyap, Sanidhya, Piazza, Valerio, Simanis, Viesturs, Kuncak, Viktor, Cevher, Volkan, Schwaller, Philippe, Friedli, Sacha, Jermann, Patrick, Käser, Tanja, and Bosselut, Antoine more...
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Computer Science - Computers and Society ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Computation and Language - Abstract
AI assistants are being increasingly used by students enrolled in higher education institutions. While these tools provide opportunities for improved teaching and education, they also pose significant challenges for assessment and learning outcomes. We conceptualize these challenges through the lens of vulnerability, the potential for university assessments and learning outcomes to be impacted by student use of generative AI. We investigate the potential scale of this vulnerability by measuring the degree to which AI assistants can complete assessment questions in standard university-level STEM courses. Specifically, we compile a novel dataset of textual assessment questions from 50 courses at EPFL and evaluate whether two AI assistants, GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 can adequately answer these questions. We use eight prompting strategies to produce responses and find that GPT-4 answers an average of 65.8% of questions correctly, and can even produce the correct answer across at least one prompting strategy for 85.1% of questions. When grouping courses in our dataset by degree program, these systems already pass non-project assessments of large numbers of core courses in various degree programs, posing risks to higher education accreditation that will be amplified as these models improve. Our results call for revising program-level assessment design in higher education in light of advances in generative AI., Comment: 20 pages, 8 figures more...
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. An approach to optimize inference of the DIART speaker diarization pipeline
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Aperdannier, Roman, Schacht, Sigurd, and Piazza, Alexander
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Computer Science - Sound ,Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing - Abstract
Speaker diarization answers the question "who spoke when" for an audio file. In some diarization scenarios, low latency is required for transcription. Speaker diarization with low latency is referred to as online speaker diarization. The DIART pipeline is an online speaker diarization system. It consists of a segmentation and an embedding model. The embedding model has the largest share of the overall latency. The aim of this paper is to optimize the inference latency of the DIART pipeline. Different inference optimization methods such as knowledge distilation, pruning, quantization and layer fusion are applied to the embedding model of the pipeline. It turns out that knowledge distillation optimizes the latency, but has a negative effect on the accuracy. Quantization and layer fusion also have a positive influence on the latency without worsening the accuracy. Pruning, on the other hand, does not improve latency., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures more...
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- 2024
24. Fatal respiratory infection due to ST308 VIM-1-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a lung transplant recipient: case report and review of the literature
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M. Carugati, A. Piazza, A. M. Peri, L. Cariani, M. Brilli, D. Girelli, D. Di Carlo, A. Gramegna, M. Pappalettera, F. Comandatore, G. Grasselli, A. P. Cantù, M. Arghittu, A. Gori, C. Bandi, F. Blasi, A. Bandera, and IFALT working group more...
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Cystic fibrosis ,Lung transplant ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Metallo-β-lactamases ,Case report ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Data regarding the prevalence of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in cystic fibrosis patients are scarce. Furthermore, there is limited knowledge on the effect of MBL production on patient outcomes. Here we describe a fatal respiratory infection due to P. aeruginosa producing VIM-type MBLs in a lung transplant recipient and the results of the subsequent epidemiological investigation. Case presentation P. aeruginosa isolates collected in the index patient and among patients temporally or spatially linked with the index patient were analyzed in terms of antibiotic susceptibility profile and MBL production. Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic reconstruction were also performed for all P. aeruginosa isolates producing VIM-type MBLs. A VIM-producing P. aeruginosa strain was identified in a lung biopsy of a lung transplant recipient with cystic fibrosis. The strain was VIM-1-producer and belonged to the ST308. Despite aggressive treatment, the transplant patient succumbed to the pulmonary infection due to the ST308 strain. A VIM-producing P. aeruginosa strain was also collected from the respiratory samples of a different cystic fibrosis patient attending the same cystic fibrosis center. This isolate harbored the blaVIM-2 gene and belonged to the clone ST175. This patient did not experience an adverse outcome. Conclusions This is the first description of a fatal infection due to P. aeruginosa producing VIM-type MBLs in a lung transplant recipient. The circulation of P. aeruginosa isolates harboring MBLs pose a substantial risk to the cystic fibrosis population due to the limited therapeutic options available and their spreading potential. more...
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- 2020
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25. Occupational Therapy Students' Perceptions of Participation in a Novel Educational Intervention to Learn Hand Anatomy
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Christine Myers, Michael Cricchio, Rebecca Piazza, and Morgan Yacoe
- Abstract
Learning anatomy via cadaver dissection is considered a best practice in anatomical education. However, occupational therapy programs commonly use alternative or adjunct teaching methods when teaching anatomy. The purpose of this study was to investigate students' perceptions of learning hand anatomy through participation in the Dell Hand Instructional Module (DHIM), a novel educational intervention incorporating an animated video series and a translucent, three-dimensional model of the hand. Participants attended one anatomical instructional session and one assessment session, completed a questionnaire about their experiences, and participated in a focus group. Participants agreed or strongly agreed that the DHIM made learning about hand anatomy more interesting and enjoyable, was an effective learning tool, and helped them to understand spatial relationships between the hand structures. Thematic analysis of focus group responses resulted in five themes: instructor impact, learning environment, learning preferences, interaction with the model, and perceptions of the educational intervention. Findings suggest this novel intervention supported hand anatomy instruction and was helpful to student engagement in the learning process. Future research should assess learning outcomes associated with the DHIM, as well as investigate the use of trained graduate students as DHIM facilitators. more...
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- 2024
26. Low energy excitations in bosonic quantum quasicrystals
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Mendoza-Coto, Alejandro, Bonifacio, Mariano, and Piazza, Francesco
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Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ,Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases ,Quantum Physics - Abstract
We present the first principles construction of the low-energy effective action for bosonic self-organized quantum quasicrystals. Our generalized elasticity approach retains the appropriate number of phase- and corresponding conjugate density- degrees-of-freedom required for a proper description of the Goldstone modes. For the dodecagonal and decagonal quasicrystal structures we obtain collective longitudinal and transversal excitations with an isotropic speed of sound. Meanwhile, for the octagonal structure, the coupling between phononic and phasonic degrees of freedom leads in turn to hybridization of the latter with the condensate sound mode, producing collective excitations with a longitudinal and transversal component, and an anisotropic speed of sound. Finally, we discuss the fate of each excitation mode at the low and high density phase transitions limiting the quantum quasicrystal phase., Comment: 4 pages main document, 8 pages supplemental material, 5 figures more...
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- 2024
27. Vulnerability Detection in Ethereum Smart Contracts via Machine Learning: A Qualitative Analysis
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Ressi, Dalila, Spanò, Alvise, Benetollo, Lorenzo, Piazza, Carla, Bugliesi, Michele, and Rossi, Sabina
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Computer Science - Cryptography and Security ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
Smart contracts are central to a myriad of critical blockchain applications, from financial transactions to supply chain management. However, their adoption is hindered by security vulnerabilities that can result in significant financial losses. Most vulnerability detection tools and methods available nowadays leverage either static analysis methods or machine learning. Unfortunately, as valuable as they are, both approaches suffer from limitations that make them only partially effective. In this survey, we analyze the state of the art in machine-learning vulnerability detection for Ethereum smart contracts, by categorizing existing tools and methodologies, evaluating them, and highlighting their limitations. Our critical assessment unveils issues such as restricted vulnerability coverage and dataset construction flaws, providing us with new metrics to overcome the difficulties that restrain a sound comparison of existing solutions. Driven by our findings, we discuss best practices to enhance the accuracy, scope, and efficiency of vulnerability detection in smart contracts. Our guidelines address the known flaws while at the same time opening new avenues for research and development. By shedding light on current challenges and offering novel directions for improvement, we contribute to the advancement of secure smart contract development and blockchain technology as a whole. more...
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- 2024
28. Observation of quantum effects on radiation reaction in strong fields
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Los, E. E., Gerstmayr, E., Arran, C., Streeter, M. J. V., Colgan, C., Cobo, C. C., Kettle, B., Blackburn, T. G., Bourgeois, N., Calvin, L., Carderelli, J., Cavanagh, N., Di Piazza, S. J. D. Dann A., Fitzgarrald, R., Ilderton, A., Keitel, C. H., Marklund, M., McKenna, P., Murphy, C. D., Najmudin, Z., Parsons, P., Rajeev, P. P., Symes, D. R., Tamburini, M., Thomas, A. G. R., Wood, J. C., Zepf, M., Sarri, G., Ridgers, C. P., and Mangles, S. P. D more...
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High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,Physics - Plasma Physics - Abstract
Radiation reaction describes the effective force experienced by an accelerated charge due to radiation emission. Quantum effects dominate charge dynamics and radiation production[1][2] for charges accelerated by fields with strengths approaching the Schwinger field, $\mathbf{E_{sch}=}$\textbf{\SI[detect-weight]{1.3e18}{\volt\per\metre}[3]. Such fields exist in extreme astrophysical environments such as pulsar magnetospheres[4], may be accessed by high-power laser systems[5-7], dense particle beams interacting with plasma[8], crystals[9], and at the interaction point of next generation particle colliders[10]. Classical radiation reaction theories do not limit the frequency of radiation emitted by accelerating charges and omit stochastic effects inherent in photon emission[11], thus demanding a quantum treatment. Two quantum radiation reaction models, the quantum-continuous[12] and quantum-stochastic[13] models, correct the former issue, while only the quantum-stochastic model incorporates stochasticity[12]. Such models are of fundamental importance, providing insight into the effect of the electron self-force on its dynamics in electromagnetic fields. The difficulty of accessing conditions where quantum effects dominate inhibited previous efforts to observe quantum radiation reaction in charged particle dynamics with high significance. We report the first direct, high significance $(>5{\sigma})$ observation of strong-field radiation reaction on charged particles. Furthermore, we obtain strong evidence favouring the quantum radiation reaction models, which perform equivalently, over the classical model. Robust model comparison was facilitated by a novel Bayesian framework which inferred collision parameters. This framework has widespread utility for experiments where parameters governing lepton-laser collisions cannot be directly measured, including those using conventional accelerators., Comment: 31 pages, 14 figures more...
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- 2024
29. Systematic Evaluation of Online Speaker Diarization Systems Regarding their Latency
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Aperdannier, Roman, Schacht, Sigurd, and Piazza, Alexander
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Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Computer Science - Sound ,Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing - Abstract
In this paper, different online speaker diarization systems are evaluated on the same hardware with the same test data with regard to their latency. The latency is the time span from audio input to the output of the corresponding speaker label. As part of the evaluation, various model combinations within the DIART framework, a diarization system based on the online clustering algorithm UIS-RNN-SML, and the end-to-end online diarization system FS-EEND are compared. The lowest latency is achieved for the DIART-pipeline with the embedding model pyannote/embedding and the segmentation model pyannote/segmentation. The FS-EEND system shows a similarly good latency. In general there is currently no published research that compares several online diarization systems in terms of their latency. This makes this work even more relevant., Comment: 6 pages more...
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- 2024
30. Unveiling the internal structure and formation history of the three planets transiting HIP 29442 (TOI-469) with CHEOPS
- Author
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Egger, J. A., Osborn, H. P., Kubyshkina, D., Mordasini, C., Alibert, Y., Günther, M. N., Lendl, M., Brandeker, A., Heitzmann, A., Leleu, A., Damasso, M., Bonfanti, A., Wilson, T. G., Sousa, S. G., Haldemann, J., Delrez, L., Hooton, M. J., Zingales, T., Luque, R., Alonso, R., Asquier, J., Bárczy, T., Navascues, D. Barrado, Barros, S. C. C., Baumjohann, W., Benz, W., Billot, N., Borsato, L., Broeg, C., Buder, M., Castro-González, A., Cameron, A. Collier, Correia, A. C. M., Cortes, D., Csizmadia, Sz., Cubillos, P. E., Davies, M. B., Deleuil, M., Deline, A., Demangeon, O. D. S., Demory, B. -O., Derekas, A., Edwards, B., Ehrenreich, D., Erikson, A., Fortier, A., Fossati, L., Fridlund, M., Gandolfi, D., Gazeas, K., Gillon, M., Güdel, M., Helling, Ch., Isaak, K. G., Kiss, L. L., Korth, J., Lam, K. W. F., Laskar, J., Lavie, B., Etangs, A. Lecavelier des, Lovis, C., Luntzer, A., Magrin, D., Maxted, P. F. L., Merín, B., Munari, M., Nascimbeni, V., Olofsson, G., Ottensamer, R., Pagano, I., Pallé, E., Peter, G., Piazza, D., Piotto, G., Pollacco, D., Queloz, D., Ragazzoni, R., Rando, N., Rauer, H., Ribas, I., Rodrigues, J., Santos, N. C., Scandariato, G., Ségransan, D., Simon, A. E., Smith, A. M. S., Stalport, M., Sulis, S., Szabó, Gy. M., Udry, S., Van Grootel, V., Venturini, J., Villaver, E., and Walton, N. A. more...
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
Multiplanetary systems spanning the radius valley are ideal testing grounds for exploring the proposed explanations for the observed bimodality in the radius distribution of close-in exoplanets. One such system is HIP 29442 (TOI-469), an evolved K0V star hosting two super-Earths and a sub-Neptune. We observe HIP 29442 with CHEOPS for a total of 9.6 days, which we model jointly with 2 sectors of TESS data to derive planetary radii of $3.410\pm0.046$, $1.551\pm0.045$ and $1.538\pm0.049$ R$_\oplus$ for planets b, c and d, which orbit HIP 29442 with periods of 13.6, 3.5 and 6.4 days. For planet d, this value deviates by more than 3 sigma from the median value reported in the discovery paper, leading us to conclude that caution is required when using TESS photometry to determine the radii of small planets with low per-transit S/N and large gaps between observations. Given the high precision of these new radii, combining them with published RVs from ESPRESSO and HIRES provides us with ideal conditions to investigate the internal structure and formation pathways of the planets in the system. We introduce the publicly available code plaNETic, a fast and robust neural network-based Bayesian internal structure modelling framework. We then apply hydrodynamic models to explore the upper atmospheric properties of these inferred structures. Finally, we identify planetary system analogues in a synthetic population generated with the Bern model for planet formation and evolution. Based on this analysis, we find that the planets likely formed on opposing sides of the water iceline from a protoplanetary disk with an intermediate solid mass. We finally report that the observed parameters of the HIP 29442 system are compatible with both a scenario where the second peak in the bimodal radius distribution corresponds to sub-Neptunes with a pure H/He envelope as well as a scenario with water-rich sub-Neptunes., Comment: 30 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in A&A more...
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- 2024
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31. A Review of Common Online Speaker Diarization Methods
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Aperdannier, Roman, Schacht, Sigurd, and Piazza, Alexander
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Computer Science - Sound ,Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing - Abstract
Speaker diarization provides the answer to the question "who spoke when?" for an audio file. This information can be used to complete audio transcripts for further processing steps. Most speaker diarization systems assume that the audio file is available as a whole. However, there are scenarios in which the speaker labels are needed immediately after the arrival of an audio segment. Speaker diarization with a correspondingly low latency is referred to as online speaker diarization. This paper provides an overview. First the history of online speaker diarization is briefly presented. Next a taxonomy and datasets for training and evaluation are given. In the sections that follow, online diarization methods and systems are discussed in detail. This paper concludes with the presentation of challenges that still need to be solved by future research in the field of online speaker diarization., Comment: 6 pages more...
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- 2024
32. The Slope Problem in Discrete Iteration
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Contreras, Manuel D., Cruz-Zamorano, Francisco J., and Rodríguez-Piazza, Luis
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Mathematics - Complex Variables ,Mathematics - Dynamical Systems ,Primary 30D05, 37FXX - Abstract
The slope problem in holomorphic dynamics in the unit disk goes back to Wolff in 1929. However, there have been several contributions to this problem in the last decade. In this article the problem is revisited, comparing the discrete and continuous cases. Some advances are derived in the discrete parabolic case of zero hyperbolic step, showing that the set of slopes has to be a closed interval which is independent of the initial point. The continuous setting is used to show that any such interval is a possible example. In addition, the set of slopes of a family of parabolic function is discussed, leading to examples of functions with some regularity whose set of slopes is non-trivial. more...
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- 2024
33. Can the a.c.s. notion and the GLT theory handle approximated PDEs/FDEs with either moving or unbounded domains?
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Adriani, Andrea, Schiavoni-Piazza, Alec Jacopo Almo, Serra-Capizzano, Stefano, and Tablino-Possio, Cristina
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Mathematics - Numerical Analysis - Abstract
In the current note we consider matrix-sequences $\{B_{n,t}\}_n$ of increasing sizes depending on $n$ and equipped with a parameter $t>0$. For every fixed $t>0$, we assume that each $\{B_{n,t}\}_n$ possesses a canonical spectral/singular values symbol $f_t$ defined on $D_t\subset \R^{d}$ of finite measure, $d\ge 1$. Furthermore, we assume that $ \{ \{ B_{n,t}\} : \, t > 0 \} $ is an approximating class of sequences (a.c.s.) for $ \{ A_n \} $ and that $ \bigcup_{t > 0} D_t = D $ with $ D_{t + 1} \supset D_t $. Under such assumptions and via the notion of a.c.s, we prove results on the canonical distributions of $ \{ A_n \} $, whose symbol, when it exists, can be defined on the, possibly unbounded, domain $D$ of finite or even infinite measure. We then extend the concept of a.c.s. to the case where the approximating sequence $ \{ B_{n,t}\}_n $ has possibly a different dimension than the one of $ \{ A_n\} $. This concept seems to be particularly natural when dealing, e.g., with the approximation both of a partial differential equation (PDE) and of its (possibly unbounded, or moving) domain $D$, using an exhausting sequence of domains $\{ D_t \}$. Examples coming from approximated PDEs/FDEs with either moving or unbounded domains are presented in connection with the classical and the new notion of a.c.s., while numerical tests and a list of open questions conclude the present work., Comment: 57 pages, 64 figures more...
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- 2024
34. HIP 41378 observed by CHEOPS: Where is planet d?
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Sulis, S., Borsato, L., Grouffal, S., Osborn, H. P., Santerne, A., Brandeker, A., Günther, M. N., Heitzmann, A., Lendl, M., Fridlund, M., Gandolfi, D., Alibert, Y., Alonso, R., Bárczy, T., Navascues, D. Barrado, Barros, S. C., Baumjohann, W., Beck, T., Benz, W., Bergomi, M., Billot, N., Bonfanti, A., Broeg, C., Cameron, A. Collier, van Damme, C. Corral, Correia, A. C. M., Csizmadia, Sz., Cubillos, P. E., Davies, M. B., Deleuil, M., Deline, A., Delrez, L., Demangeon, O. D. S., Demory, B. -O., Derekas, A., Edwards, B., Ehrenreich, D., Erikson, A., Fortier, A., Fossati, L., Gazeas, K., Gillon, M., Güdel, M., Helling, Ch., Hoyer, S., Isaak, K. G., Kiss, L., Korth, J., Lam, K. W. F., Laskar, J., Etangs, A. Lecavelier des, Magrin, D., Maxted, P. F. L., Mordasini, C., Nascimbeni, V., Olofsson, G., Ottensamer, R., Pagano, I., Pallé, E., Peter, G., Piazza, D., Piotto, G., Pollacco, D., Queloz, D., Ragazzoni, R., Rando, N., Rauer, H., Ribas, I., Santos, N. C., Scandariato, G., Ségransan, D., Simon, A. E., Smith, A. M. S., Sousa, S. G., Stalport, M., Steinberger, M., Szabó, M. Gy., Tuson, A., Udry, S., Ulmer-Moll, S., Van Grootel, V., Venturini, J., Villaver, E., Walton, N. A., Wilson, T. G., Wolter, D., and Zingales, T. more...
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
HIP 41378 d is a long-period planet that has only been observed to transit twice, three years apart, with K2. According to stability considerations and a partial detection of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect, $P_\mathrm{d} = 278.36$ d has been determined to be the most likely orbital period. We targeted HIP 41378 d with CHEOPS at the predicted transit timing based on $P_\mathrm{d}= 278.36$ d, but the observations show no transit. We find that large ($>22.4$ hours) transit timing variations (TTVs) could explain this non-detection during the CHEOPS observation window. We also investigated the possibility of an incorrect orbital solution, which would have major implications for our knowledge of this system. If $P_\mathrm{d} \neq 278.36$ d, the periods that minimize the eccentricity would be $101.22$ d and $371.14$ d. The shortest orbital period will be tested by TESS, which will observe HIP 41378 in Sector 88 starting in January 2025. Our study shows the importance of a mission like CHEOPS, which today is the only mission able to make long observations (i.e., from space) to track the ephemeris of long-period planets possibly affected by large TTVs., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics more...
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- 2024
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35. Exploring Replica-Potts CFTs in Two Dimensions
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Kousvos, Stefanos R., Piazza, Alessandro, and Vichi, Alessandro
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High Energy Physics - Theory ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ,Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons - Abstract
We initiate a numerical conformal bootstrap study of CFTs with $S_n \ltimes (S_Q)^n$ global symmetry. These include CFTs that can be obtained as coupled replicas of two-dimensional critical Potts models. Particular attention is paid to the special case $S_3 \ltimes (S_3)^3$, which governs the critical behaviour of three coupled critical 3-state Potts models, a multi-scalar realisation of a (potentially) non-integrable CFT in two dimensions. The model has been studied in earlier works using perturbation theory, transfer matrices, and Monte Carlo simulations. This work represents an independent non-perturbative analysis. Our results are in agreement with previous determinations: we obtain an allowed peninsula within parameter space for the scaling dimensions of the three lowest-lying operators in the theory, which contains the earlier predictions for these scaling dimensions. Additionally, we derive numerous bounds on admissible scaling dimensions in the theory, which are compatible with earlier results. Our work sets the necessary groundwork for a future precision study of these theories in the conformal bootstrap., Comment: 47 pages, 19 figures more...
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- 2024
36. Raman analysis of the dehydrogenation process of hydrogenated monolayer graphene
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Fournier, Tom, Cruz, Kelvin, Monthioux, Marc, Lassagne, Benjamin, Petit, Lionel, Moyano, Sébastien, Puech, Pascal, and Piazza, Fabrice
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Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
Creating defects in graphene by hydrogenation, either to achieve hydrogen chemisorption or partial etching, is a way to open an electronic band gap in graphene. Understanding the range of stability conditions of partially etched or hydrogenated graphene is crucial for application, as processing conditions (e.g. temperature) and quality control (characterization) conditions may result in modifying the material through partial or full dehydrogenation, and subsequent alteration of its electronic properties. This work reports a study of various dehydrogenation conditions of hydrogenated or hydrogen-etched monolayer graphene (1LG), either free-standing or supported by an interferential (SiO2/Si) substrate, using incremental annealing under nitrogen atmosphere up to 400 {\textdegree}C. Materials were investigated by Raman spectroscopy. Indeed, it has been known since 2012 that the intensity ratio of two Raman bands activated by double resonance, D over D' (ID/ID') can be used to identify the type of defects in defective graphene. It is shown that hydrogenated 1LG, characterized by a large ID/ID' ratio (~9-15), is stable provided annealing remains below 300 {\textdegree}C. On the other hand, defective 1LG resulting from hydrogen etching remains stable up to 400 {\textdegree}C, whether the 1LG is hydrogenated on one side or both sides, while a modification in the type and proportions of defects is likely. Experimental conditions for the safe use of Raman spectroscopy, otherwise able to induce specimen overheating because of the laser energy and power, are also determined and discussed. more...
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- 2024
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37. Hardy Number of Koenigs Domains: Sharp Estimate
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Contreras, Manuel D., Cruz-Zamorano, Francisco J., Kourou, Maria, and Rodríguez-Piazza, Luis
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Mathematics - Complex Variables ,Primary 30D05, 30H10, 30C85, Secondary 39B32, 37F99 - Abstract
Let $\Omega$ be a regular Koenigs domain in the complex plane $\mathbb{C}$. We prove that the Hardy number of $\Omega$ is greater or equal to $1/2$. That is, every holomorphic function in the unit disc $f \colon \mathbb{D} \to \Omega$ belongs to the Hardy space $H^{p}(\mathbb{D})$ for all $p<1/2$., Comment: This draft is not for submission. It has been incorporated as an improvement in a previous work, see arXiv:2312.17101 more...
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- 2024
38. Phase behaviour and self-assembly of semiflexible polymers in poor-solvent solutions
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Arcangeli, Tobia, Škrbić, Tatjana, Azote, Somiealo, Marcato, Davide, Rosa, Angelo, Banavar, Jayanth R., Piazza, Roberto, Maritan, Amos, and Giacometti, Achille
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Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter - Abstract
Using Langevin dynamics complemented by Wang-Landau Monte Carlo simulations, we study the phase behavior of single and multiple semiflexible polymer chains in solution under poor-solvent conditions. In the case of a single chain, we obtain the full phase diagram in the temperature-bending rigidity (stiffness) plane and we provide connections with a classical mean field result on a lattice as well as with past results on the same model. At low bending rigidity and upon cooling, we find a second order coil-globule transition, followed by a subsequent first order globule-crystal transition at lower temperatures. The obtained crystals have the shape of a twisted rod whose length increases with the increase of the stiffness of the chain. Above a critical value of the stiffness, we also find a direct first order globule-crystal transition, with the crystal having the form of a twisted toroid. Close to the triple point, we find a region with isoenergetic structures with frequent switching from rods to toroids, with the toroid eventually becoming the only observed stable phase at higher stiffness. The model is then extended to many thermally equilibrated chains in a box and the analogous phase diagram is deduced where the chains are observed to first fold into a globule bundle at low stiffness upon cooling, and then rearrange into a nematic bundle via a nucleation process involving an isotropic-nematic transition. As in the single chain counterpart, above a critical stiffness the chains are observed to undergo a direct transition from a gas of isotropically distributed chains to a nematic bundle as the temperature decreases in agreement with recent suggestions from mean field theory. The consequences of these findings for self-assembly of biopolymers in solutions are discussed., Comment: 59 pages, supporting information; published in Macromolecules (2024) more...
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- 2024
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39. Zero-shot counting with a dual-stream neural network model
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Thompson, Jessica A. F., Sheahan, Hannah, Dumbalska, Tsvetomira, Sandbrink, Julian, Piazza, Manuela, and Summerfield, Christopher
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Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition - Abstract
Deep neural networks have provided a computational framework for understanding object recognition, grounded in the neurophysiology of the primate ventral stream, but fail to account for how we process relational aspects of a scene. For example, deep neural networks fail at problems that involve enumerating the number of elements in an array, a problem that in humans relies on parietal cortex. Here, we build a 'dual-stream' neural network model which, equipped with both dorsal and ventral streams, can generalise its counting ability to wholly novel items ('zero-shot' counting). In doing so, it forms spatial response fields and lognormal number codes that resemble those observed in macaque posterior parietal cortex. We use the dual-stream network to make successful predictions about behavioural studies of the human gaze during similar counting tasks. more...
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- 2024
40. Laser-painted cavity-mediated interactions in a quantum gas
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Bonifacio, Mariano, Piazza, Francesco, and Donner, Tobias
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Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases ,Physics - Atomic Physics ,Quantum Physics - Abstract
Experimental platforms based on ultracold atomic gases have significantly advanced the quantum simulation of complex systems, yet the exploration of phenomena driven by long-range interactions remains a formidable challenge. Currently available methods utilizing dipolar quantum gases or multi-mode cavities allow to implement long-range interactions with a $1/r^3$ character or with a spatial profile fixed by the mode-structure of the vacuum electromagnetic field surrounding the atoms, respectively. Here we propose an experimental scheme employing laser-painted cavity-mediated interactions, which enables the realization of atom-atom interactions that are fully tunable in range, shape, and sign. Our approach combines the versatility of cavity quantum electrodynamics with the precision of laser manipulation, thus providing a highly flexible platform for simulating and understanding long-range interactions in quantum many-body systems. Our analytical predictions are supported by numerical simulations describing the full dynamics of atoms, laser, and cavity. The latter demonstrate that there is a wide and experimentally accessible parameter regime where our protocol optimally works. The methodology not only paves the way for exploring new territories in quantum simulation but also enhances the understanding of fundamental physics, potentially leading to the discovery of novel quantum states and phases. more...
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- 2024
41. Aggressive Subtypes of Laryngeal Chondrosarcoma and their Clinical Behavior: A Systematic Review
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Piazza, Cesare, Montenegro, Claudia, Tomasoni, Michele, Leivo, Ilmo, Stenman, Göran, Agaimy, Abbas, Simpson, Roderick H. W., Zidar, Nina, and Ferlito, Alfio
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- 2025
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42. High volume nasal irrigations with steroids for chronic rhinosinusitis and allergic rhinitis
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Bertazzoni, Giacomo, Conti, Carlo, Testa, Gabriele, Pipolo, Giorgia Carlotta, Mattavelli, Davide, Piazza, Cesare, and Pianta, Luca
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- 2025
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43. Role of midline raphe in compartmental surgery for squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue
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Alberto, Grammatica, Marco, Ravanelli, Michele, Tomasoni, Carlo, Conti, Aurora, Pinacoli, Anna, Bozzola, Davide, Farina, Davide, Mattavelli, and Cesare, Piazza
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- 2025
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44. On the Epistemic Blameworthiness of the Consumers of Disinformation: Why Should We Bother?
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Piazza, Tommaso
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- 2024
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45. Advanced Hybrid Closed Loop Algorithm Use in Type 1 Diabetes: The French MiniMed™ Glycemic Control and Quality of Life Study
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Kessler, Laurence, Thivolet, Charles, Penfornis, Alfred, Gouet, Didier, Coffin, Christine, Moret, Myriam, Borot, Sophie, Bekka, Saïd, Sonnet, Emmanuel, Joubert, Michael, Lablanche, Sandrine, Burtin, Geoffrey, Di Piazza, Fabio, van den Heuvel, Tim, and Cohen, Ohad more...
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- 2024
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46. Recurrent somatic mutations of FAT family cadherins induce an aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis in anaplastic large cell lymphoma
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Villa, Matteo, Sharma, Geeta G., Malighetti, Federica, Mauri, Mario, Arosio, Giulia, Cordani, Nicoletta, Lobello, Cosimo, Larose, Hugo, Pirola, Alessandra, D’Aliberti, Deborah, Massimino, Luca, Criscuolo, Lucrezia, Pagani, Lisa, Chinello, Clizia, Mastini, Cristina, Fontana, Diletta, Bombelli, Silvia, Meneveri, Raffaella, Lovisa, Federica, Mussolin, Lara, Janikova, Andrea, Pospíšilová, Šárka, Turner, Suzanne D., Inghirami, Giorgio, Magni, Fulvio, Urso, Mario, Pagni, Fabio, Ramazzotti, Daniele, Piazza, Rocco, Chiarle, Roberto, Gambacorti-Passerini, Carlo, and Mologni, Luca more...
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- 2024
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47. Initial surgery for spontaneous intestinal perforation in extremely low birth weight infants is not associated with mortality or in-hospital morbidities
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Hair, Amy B., Sullivan, Kevin M., Ahmad, Irfan, Zaniletti, Isabella, Acker, Shannon N., Premkumar, Muralidhar H., Reber, Kristina, Huff, Katie A., Nayak, Sujir Pritha, DiGeronimo, Robert, Kim, Jae, Roberts, Jessica, Markel, Troy A., Brozanski, Beverly, Sharma, Jotishna, Piazza, Anthony J., and Yanowitz, Toby D. more...
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- 2024
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48. Einsatz von Künstlicher Intelligenz im B2B Customer-Relationship-Management: Identifikation von Herausforderungen und Einsatzpotenzialen in produzierenden kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen
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Fili, Jana, Alt, Daniel, Katzenberger, Luisa-Simone Karin, Christoph, Simon, and Piazza, Alexander
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- 2024
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49. Genome-Wide Characterization of Nuclear Microsatellite Markers for Centranthus trinervis (= Valeriana trinervis) and Cross-Amplification in Five Congeneric Taxa
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Di Iorio, Emanuela, De Luca, Daniele, Menale, Bruno, Piazza, Carole, Bacchetta, Gianluigi, and De Castro, Olga
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- 2024
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50. Transcriptomic Profile of the Male Rat Hypothalamus and Nucleus Accumbens After Paroxetine Treatment and Withdrawal: Possible Causes of Sexual Dysfunction
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Giatti, Silvia, Cioffi, Lucia, Diviccaro, Silvia, Chrostek, Gabriela, Piazza, Rocco, and Melcangi, Roberto Cosimo
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- 2024
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