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1. Call to Protect the Dark and Quiet Sky from Harmful Interference by Satellite Constellations

Author

Dark, IAU Centre for the Protection of the, Interference, Quiet Sky from Satellite Constellation, Józsa, Gyula I. G., Williams, Andrew, Green, Richard, Marsh, Isabel, Antoniadis, John, Barbosa, Domingos, Barentine, John, Blanc, Guillermo, Coelho, Bruno, Cooper, Patricia, Dalledonne, Sara, Di Vruno, Federico, Diamond, Joe, Dong, Adam, Drimmel, Ronald, Eggl, Siegfried, Habeeb, Nusrin, Heim, Jessica, Hofer, Chris, Hwang, Narae, Isidro, Mathieu, Koplow, David, Lowenthal, James, Lucatello, Sara, Lyubenova, Mariya, Massey, Robert, Peel, Mike, Rawls, Meredith, Saada, Adrien, Sanchez, Alejandro, Sanhueza, Pedro, Skidmore, Warren, Sorokin, Boris, Sreekumar, P., Stevenson, Tim, Tartari, Paula, Tornatore, Vincenza, Walker, Connie, Winkel, Benjamin, and Yakushina, Yana

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The growing number of satellite constellations in low Earth orbit (LEO) enhances global communications and Earth observation, and support of space commerce is a high priority of many governments. At the same time, the proliferation of satellites in LEO has negative effects on astronomical observations and research, and the preservation of the dark and quiet sky. These satellite constellations reflect sunlight onto optical telescopes, and their radio emission impacts radio observatories, jeopardising our access to essential scientific discoveries through astronomy. The changing visual appearance of the sky also impacts our cultural heritage and environment. Both ground-based observatories and space-based telescopes in LEO are affected, and there are no places on Earth that can escape the effects of satellite constellations given their global nature. The minimally disturbed dark and radio-quiet sky is crucial for conducting fundamental research in astronomy and important public services such as planetary defence, technology development, and high-precision geolocation. Some aspects of satellite deployment and operation are regulated by States and intergovernmental organisations. While regulatory agencies in some States have started to require operators to coordinate with their national astronomy agencies over impacts, mitigation of the impact of space objects on astronomical activities is not sufficiently regulated. To address this issue, the CPS urges States and the international community to take steps to protect the dark and quiet sky as specified in this paper., Comment: This position paper was developed by the IAU Centre for the Protection of the Dark and Quiet Sky from Satellite Constellation Interference (CPS). It can also be downloaded at the CPS website at https://cps.iau.org/news/cps-urges-action-in-first-recommendations-paper/

Published
2024

2. Inferring Leader-Follower Behavior from Presence Data in the Marine Environment: A Case Study on Reef Manta Rays

Author

Fernández-Gracia, Juan, Rodríguez, Jorge P., Peel, Lauren R., Klemm, Konstantin, Meekan, Mark G., and Eguíluz, Víctor M.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods, Physics - Physics and Society
Abstract

Social interactions are fundamental in animal groups, including humans, and can take various forms, such as competition, cooperation, or kinship. Understanding these interactions in marine environments has been historically challenging due to data collection difficulties. However, advancements in acoustic telemetry now enable remote analysis of such behaviors. This study proposes a method to derive leader-follower networks from presence data collected by a single acoustic receiver at a specific location. Using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov distance, the method analyzes lag times between consecutive presences of individuals to infer directed relationships. Tested on simulated data, it was then applied to detection data from acoustically tagged reef manta rays (\textit{Mobula~alfredi}) frequenting a known site. Results revealed temporal patterns, including circadian rhythms and burst-like behavior with power-law distributed time gaps between presences. The inferred leader-follower network highlighted key behavioral patterns: females followed males more often than expected, males showed stronger but fewer associations with specific females, and smaller individuals followed others less consistently than larger ones. These findings align with ecological insights, revealing structured social interactions and providing a novel framework for studying marine animal behavior through network theory., Comment: 24 pages, 6 figures

Published
2024

3. Searches for signatures of ultra-light axion dark matter in polarimetry data of the European Pulsar Timing Array

Author

Porayko, N. K., Usynina, P., Terol-Calvo, J., Camalich, J. Martin, Shaifullah, G. M., Castillo, A., Blas, D., Guillemot, L., Peel, M., Tiburzi, C., Postnov, K., Kramer, M., Antoniadis, J., Babak, S., Nielsen, A. -S. Bak, Barausse, E., Bassa, C. G., Blanchard, C., Bonetti, M., Bortolas, E., Brook, P. R., Burgay, M., Caballero, R. N., Chalumeau, A., Champion, D. J., Chanlaridis, S., Chen, S., Cognard, I., Desvignes, G., Falxa, M., Ferdman, R. D., Franchini, A., Gair, J. R., Goncharov, B., Graikou, E., Grießmeier, J. -M., Guo, Y. J., Hu, H., Iraci, F., Izquierdo-Villalba, D., Jang, J., Jawor, J., Janssen, G. H., Jessner, A., Karuppusamy, R., Keane, E. F., Keith, M. J., Krishnakumar, M. A., Lackeos, K., Lee, K. J., Liu, K., Liu, Y., Lyne, A. G., McKee, J. W., Main, R. A., Mickaliger, M. B., Niţu, I. C., Parthasarathy, A., Perera, B. B. P., Perrodin, D., Petiteau, A., Possenti, A., Leclere, H. Quelquejay, Samajdar, A., Sanidas, S. A., Sesana, A., Speri, L., Spiewak, R., Stappers, B. W., Susarla, S. C., Theureau, G., van der Wateren, E., Vecchio, A., Krishnan, V. Venkatraman, Wang, J., Wang, L., and Wu, Z.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Ultra-light axion-like particles (ALPs) can be a viable solution to the dark matter problem. The scalar field associated with ALPs, coupled to the electromagnetic field, acts as an active birefringent medium, altering the polarisation properties of light through which it propagates. In particular, oscillations of the axionic field induce monochromatic variations of the plane of linearly polarised radiation of astrophysical signals. The radio emission of millisecond pulsars provides an excellent tool to search for such manifestations, given their high fractional linear polarisation and negligible fluctuations of their polarisation properties. We have searched for the evidence of ALPs in the polarimetry measurements of pulsars collected and preprocessed for the European Pulsar Timing Array (EPTA) campaign. Focusing on the twelve brightest sources in linear polarisation, we searched for an astrophysical signal from axions using both frequentist and Bayesian statistical frameworks. For the frequentist analysis, which uses Lomb-Scargle periodograms at its core, no statistically significant signal has been found. The model used for the Bayesian analysis has been adjusted to accommodate multiple deterministic systematics that may be present in the data. A statistically significant signal has been found in the dataset of multiple pulsars with common frequency between $10^{-8}$ Hz and $2\times10^{-8}$ Hz, which can most likely be explained by the residual Faraday rotation in the terrestrial ionosphere. Strong bounds on the coupling constant $g_{a\gamma}$, in the same ballpark as other searches, have been obtained in the mass range between $6\times10^{-24}$ eV and $5\times10^{-21}$ eV. We conclude by discussing problems that can limit the sensitivity of our search for ultra-light axions in the polarimetry data of pulsars, and possible ways to resolve them., Comment: 24 pages, 15 figures

Published
2024

4. KISS: instrument description and performance

Author

Macías-Pérez, J. F., Fernández-Torreiro, M., Catalano, A., Fasano, A., Aguiar, M., Beelen, A., Benoit, A., Bideaud, A., Bounmy, J., Bourrion, O., Calvo, M., Castro-Almazán, J. A., de Bernardis, P., de Petris, M., de Taoro, A. P., Garde, G., Génova-Santos, R. T., Gomez, A., Gómez-Renasco, M. F., Goupy, J., Hoarau, C., Hoyland, R., Lagache, G., Marpaud, J., Marton, M., Masi, S., Monfardini, A., Peel, M. W., Pisano, G., Ponthieu, N., Rebolo, R., Roni, S., Roudier, S., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Tourres, D., Tucker, C., Viera-Curvelo, T., and Vescovi, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs) have been proven as reliable systems for astrophysical observations, especially in the millimetre range. Their compact size enables to optimally fill the focal plane, thus boosting sensitivity. The KISS (KIDs Interferometric Spectral Surveyor) instrument is a millimetre camera that consists of two KID arrays of 316 pixels each coupled to a Martin-Puplett interferometer (MPI). The addition of the MPI grants the KIDs camera the ability to provide spectral information in the 100 and 300 GHz range. In this paper we report the main properties of the KISS instrument and its observations. We also describe the calibration and data analysis procedures used. We present a complete model of the observed data including the sky signal and several identified systematics. We have developed a full photometric and spectroscopic data analysis pipeline that translates our observations into science-ready products. We show examples of the results of this pipeline on selected sources: Moon, Jupiter and Venus. We note the presence of a deficit of response with respect to expectations and laboratory measurements. The detectors noise level is consistent with values obtained during laboratory measurements, pointing to a sub-optimal coupling between the instrument and the telescope as the most probable origin for the problem. This deficit is large enough as to prevent the detection of galaxy clusters, which were KISS main scientific objective. Nevertheless, we have demonstrated the feasibility of this kind of instrument, in the prospect for other KID interferometers (such as the CONCERTO instrument). As this regard, we have developed key instrumental technologies such as optical conception, readout electronics and raw calibration procedures, as well as, adapted data analysis procedures., Comment: 23 pages, 15 figures. Accepted for publication in Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific

Published
2024

5. QUIJOTE scientific results -- XVIII. New constraints on the polarization of the Anomalous Microwave Emission in bright Galactic regions: $\rho$\,Ophiuchi, Perseus and W43

Author

González-González, R., Génova-Santos, R. T., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Peel, M. W., Guidi, F., López-Caraballo, C. H., Fernández-Torreiro, M., Rebolo, R., Hernández-Monteagudo, C., Adak, D., Artal, E., Ashdown, M., Barreiro, R. B., Casas, F. J., de la Hoz, E., Fasano, A., Herranz, D., Hoyland, R. J., Martínez-González, E., Pascual-Cisneros, G., Piccirillo, L., Poidevin, F., Ruiz-Granados, B., Tramonte, D., Vansyngel, F., Vielva, P., and Watson, R. A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

This work focuses on the study of the AME, an important emission mechanism between 10 and 60 GHz whose polarization properties are not yet fully understood, and is therefore a potential contaminant for future CMB polarization observations. We use new QUIJOTE-MFI maps 11, 13, 17 and 19 GHz, together with other public ancillary data including WMAP and Planck, to study the polarization properties of the AME in three Galactic regions: rho-Ophiuchi, Perseus and W43. We have obtained the SEDs for those three regions over the frequency range 0.4-3000 GHz, both in intensity and polarization. The intensity SEDs are well described by a combination of free-free emission, thermal dust, AME and CMB anisotropies. In polarization, we extracted the flux densities using all available data between 11 and 353 GHz. We implemented an improved intensity-to-polarization leakage correction that has allowed for the first time to derive reliable polarization constraints well below the 1% level from Planck-LFI data. A frequency stacking of maps in the range 10-60 GHz has allowed us to reduce the statistical noise and to push the upper limits on the AME polarization level. We have obtained upper limits on the AME polarization fraction of order <1% (95% confidence level) for the three regions. In particular we get Pi_AME < 1.1% (at 28.4 GHz), Pi_AME < 1.1% (at 22.8 GHz) and Pi_AME < 0.28% (at 33 GHz) in rho-Ophiuchi, Perseus and W43 respectively. At the QUIJOTE 17 GHz frequency band, we get Pi_AME< 5.1% for rho-Ophiuchi, Pi_AME< 3.5% for Perseus and Pi_AME< 0.85% for W43. Our final upper limits derived using the stacking procedure are Pi_AME < 0.58% for rho-Ophiuchi, Pi_AME < 1.64% for Perseus and Pi_AME < 0.31% for W43. Altogether, these are the most stringent constraints to date on the AME polarization fraction of these three star-forming regions., Comment: 26 pages. 15 figures. Submitted to A&A. Comments welcome

Published
2024

8. Quantifying & Mitigating Satellite Constellation Interference with SatHub

Author

Rawls, Meredith L., Walker, Constance E., Dadighat, Michelle, Krantz, Harrison, Eggl, Siegfried, and Peel, Mike

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Physics and Society, Physics - Space Physics
Abstract

This Birds-of-a-Feather (BOF) session on 6 November 2023 was organized by leaders and members of SatHub at the International Astronomical Union Centre for the Protection of the Dark and Quiet Sky from Satellite Constellation Interference (IAU CPS). SatHub is dedicated to observations, data analysis, software, and related activities. The session opened with a talk on the current state of affairs with regards to satellite constellation mitigation, with a focus on optical astronomy, and moved to focused discussion around the top-voted topics. These included tools and techniques for forecasting satellite positions and brightnesses as well as streak detection and masking., Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, conference proceeding from ADASS 2023

Published
2024

9. SatHub Panel: Satellite Interference in Observatories Around the World

Author

Eggl, Siegfried, Benkhaldoun, Zouhair, Micheva, Genoveva, Spencer, Samuel T., Stark, David V., Winkel, Benjamin, Rawls, Meredith, and Peel, Mike W.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Physics and Society, Physics - Space Physics
Abstract

Satellite constellation interference occurs across astronomical disciplines. We present examples of interference from radio and $\gamma$-Ray astronomy to optical and spectroscopic interference in ground-based and space-borne facilities. In particular, we discuss the impact of artificial satellites on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.), an Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope, as well as possible mitigation strategies for the European Southern Observatory 4-metre Multi-Object Spectrograph Telescope (ESO 4MOST). Furthermore, we shed light on how ground-based optical telescopes such as the Oukaimeden Observatory contribute to IAU Centre for the Protection of the Dark and Quiet Sky from Satellite Constellation Interference (IAU CPS) efforts that quantify satellite brightness., Comment: 5 pages, accepted for publication in "Astronomy and Satellite Constellations: Pathways Forward", proceedings of IAU Symposium 385

Published
2024

10. IAU CPS Tools to Address Satellite Constellation Interference

Author

Dadighat, Michelle, Rawls, Meredith L., Eggl, Siegfried, Peel, Mike, and Walker, Constance E.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The IAU Centre for the Protection of the Dark and Quiet Sky from Satellite Constellation Interference (CPS), established in early 2022 and co-hosted by NSF's NOIRLab and the SKA Observatory, was created to unify efforts to work towards mitigating some of the effects of satellite constellations on astronomy. SatHub, one of the four sub-groups of CPS, focuses on software and related tools to aid observers and industry partners in addressing some of the issues caused by commercial satellite constellations., Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures, conference proceeding from ADASS 2023

Published
2024

11. Gender differences in collaboration and career progression in physics

Author

She, Mingrong, Bachmann, Jan, Karimi, Fariba, and Peel, Leto

Subjects
Physics - Physics and Society, Computer Science - Social and Information Networks
Abstract

We examine gender differences in collaboration networks and academic career progression in physics. We use the likelihood and time to become a principal investigator (PI) and the length of an author's career to measure career progression. Utilising logistic regression and accelerated failure time models, we examine whether the effect of collaboration behaviour varies by gender. We find that, controlling for the number of publications, the relationship between collaborative behaviour and career progression is almost the same for men and women. Specifically, we find that those who eventually reach principal investigator (PI) status, tend to have published with more unique collaborators. In contrast, publishing repeatedly with the same highly interconnected collaborators and/or larger number of coauthors per publication is characteristic of shorter career lengths and those that do not attain PI status. We observe that the tie strength is stronger for women than men, and women tend to collaborate in more tightly connected and larger groups than men. Finally, we observe that women are less likely to attain the status of PI throughout their careers and have a lower survival probability compared to men, which calls for policies to close this crucial gap.

Published
2024

12. Commissioning the CMB polarization telescope GroundBIRD with the full set of detectors

Author

Tsujii, Miku, Baselmans, Jochem J. A., Choi, Jihoon, Coppens, Antonio H. M., Fasano, Alessandro, Génova-Santos, Ricardo Tanausú, Hattori, Makoto, Hazumi, Masashi, Honda, Shunsuke, Ikemitsu, Takuji, Ishida, Hidesato, Ishitsuka, Hikaru, Jeong, Hoyong, Jo, Yonggil, Karatsu, Kenichi, Kataoka, Keisuke, Kiuchi, Kenji, Komine, Junta, Koyano, Ryo, Kutsuma, Hiroki, Lee, Kyungmin, Mima, Satoru, Nagai, Makoto, Nagasaki, Taketo, Naruse, Masato, Oguri, Shugo, Otani, Chiko, Peel, Michael W., Rebolo, Rafael, Rubiño-Martín, José Alberto, Sekimoto, Yutaro, Sueno, Yoshinori, Suzuki, Junya, Taino, Tohru, Tajima, Osamu, Tanaka, Tomonaga, Thoen, David J., Tomita, Nozomu, Tsuji, Yuta, Uchida, Tomohisa, Won, Eunil, and Yoshida, Mitsuhiro

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

GroundBIRD is a ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment for observing the polarization pattern imprinted on large angular scales ($\ell > 6$ ) from the Teide Observatory in Tenerife, Spain. Our primary scientific objective is a precise measurement of the optical depth $\tau$ ($\sigma(\tau) \sim 0.01$) to the reionization epoch of the Universe to cross-check systematic effects in the measurements made by previous experiments. GroundBIRD observes a wide sky area in the Northern Hemisphere ($\sim 40\%$ of the full sky) while continuously rotating the telescope at a high speed of up to 20 rotations per minute (rpm) to overcome the fluctuations of atmospheric radiation. We have adopted the NbTiN/Al hybrid microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) as focal plane detectors. We observe two frequency bands centered at 145 GHz and 220 GHz. The 145 GHz band picks up the peak frequency of the CMB spectrum. The 220 GHz band helps accurate removal of the contamination of thermal emission from the Galactic interstellar dust. The MKID arrays (138 MKIDs for 145GHz and 23 MKIDs for 220GHz) were designed and optimized so as to minimize the contamination of the two-level-system noise and maximize the sensitivity. The MKID arrays were successfully installed in May 2023 after the performance verification tests were performed at a laboratory. GroundBIRD has been upgraded to use the full MKID arrays, and scientific observations are now underway. The telescope is automated, so that all observations are performed remotely. Initial validations, including polarization response tests and observations of Jupiter and the moon, have been completed successfully. We are now running scientific observations., Comment: Event: SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, 2024, Yokohama, Japan; paper number 13102-7, Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy XII

Published
2024

13. Accessible hybrid conferences are possible and affordable at large scale

Author

Moss, Vanessa A., Venugopal, Ramasamy, Govender, Kevin, Hotan, Aidan W., Kobayashi, Rika, Rees, Glen A., Tasker, Elizabeth J., Vertue, Dominic G., Le Jeune, Alick, Kerrison, Emily F., Roux, Juliette, Blumenthal, Kelly, Ekers, Ron D., Peel, Mike W., Takalana, Charles M., Barocci-Faul, Sumari, Benkhaldoun, Zouhair, Binneman, Anton, Breytenbach, Hannes, Chibueze, James O., Cunnama, Daniel C., Kubheka, Duduzile V., Mdhluli, Joyful E., Macfarlane, Sally A., Zamxaka, Mthuthuzeli, and van Zyl, Lara

Published
2025
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18. Euclid. I. Overview of the Euclid mission

Author

Euclid Collaboration, Mellier, Y., Abdurro'uf, Barroso, J. A. Acevedo, Achúcarro, A., Adamek, J., Adam, R., Addison, G. E., Aghanim, N., Aguena, M., Ajani, V., Akrami, Y., Al-Bahlawan, A., Alavi, A., Albuquerque, I. S., Alestas, G., Alguero, G., Allaoui, A., Allen, S. W., Allevato, V., Alonso-Tetilla, A. V., Altieri, B., Alvarez-Candal, A., Alvi, S., Amara, A., Amendola, L., Amiaux, J., Andika, I. T., Andreon, S., Andrews, A., Angora, G., Angulo, R. E., Annibali, F., Anselmi, A., Anselmi, S., Arcari, S., Archidiacono, M., Aricò, G., Arnaud, M., Arnouts, S., Asgari, M., Asorey, J., Atayde, L., Atek, H., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aubert, M., Aubourg, E., Auphan, T., Auricchio, N., Aussel, B., Aussel, H., Avelino, P. P., Avgoustidis, A., Avila, S., Awan, S., Azzollini, R., Baccigalupi, C., Bachelet, E., Bacon, D., Baes, M., Bagley, M. B., Bahr-Kalus, B., Balaguera-Antolinez, A., Balbinot, E., Balcells, M., Baldi, M., Baldry, I., Balestra, A., Ballardini, M., Ballester, O., Balogh, M., Bañados, E., Barbier, R., Bardelli, S., Baron, M., Barreiro, T., Barrena, R., Barriere, J. -C., Barros, B. J., Barthelemy, A., Bartolo, N., Basset, A., Battaglia, P., Battisti, A. J., Baugh, C. M., Baumont, L., Bazzanini, L., Beaulieu, J. -P., Beckmann, V., Belikov, A. N., Bel, J., Bellagamba, F., Bella, M., Bellini, E., Benabed, K., Bender, R., Benevento, G., Bennett, C. L., Benson, K., Bergamini, P., Bermejo-Climent, J. R., Bernardeau, F., Bertacca, D., Berthe, M., Berthier, J., Bethermin, M., Beutler, F., Bevillon, C., Bhargava, S., Bhatawdekar, R., Bianchi, D., Bisigello, L., Biviano, A., Blake, R. P., Blanchard, A., Blazek, J., Blot, L., Bosco, A., Bodendorf, C., Boenke, T., Böhringer, H., Boldrini, P., Bolzonella, M., Bonchi, A., Bonici, M., Bonino, D., Bonino, L., Bonvin, C., Bon, W., Booth, J. T., Borgani, S., Borlaff, A. S., Borsato, E., Bose, B., Botticella, M. T., Boucaud, A., Bouche, F., Boucher, J. S., Boutigny, D., Bouvard, T., Bouwens, R., Bouy, H., Bowler, R. A. A., Bozza, V., Bozzo, E., Branchini, E., Brando, G., Brau-Nogue, S., Brekke, P., Bremer, M. N., Brescia, M., Breton, M. -A., Brinchmann, J., Brinckmann, T., Brockley-Blatt, C., Brodwin, M., Brouard, L., Brown, M. L., Bruton, S., Bucko, J., Buddelmeijer, H., Buenadicha, G., Buitrago, F., Burger, P., Burigana, C., Busillo, V., Busonero, D., Cabanac, R., Cabayol-Garcia, L., Cagliari, M. S., Caillat, A., Caillat, L., Calabrese, M., Calabro, A., Calderone, G., Calura, F., Quevedo, B. Camacho, Camera, S., Campos, L., Canas-Herrera, G., Candini, G. P., Cantiello, M., Capobianco, V., Cappellaro, E., Cappelluti, N., Cappi, A., Caputi, K. I., Cara, C., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carella, E., Carlberg, R. G., Carle, M., Carminati, L., Caro, F., Carrasco, J. M., Carretero, J., Carrilho, P., Duque, J. Carron, Carry, B., Carvalho, A., Carvalho, C. S., Casas, R., Casas, S., Casenove, P., Casey, C. M., Cassata, P., Castander, F. J., Castelao, D., Castellano, M., Castiblanco, L., Castignani, G., Castro, T., Cavet, C., Cavuoti, S., Chabaud, P. -Y., Chambers, K. C., Charles, Y., Charlot, S., Chartab, N., Chary, R., Chaumeil, F., Cho, H., Chon, G., Ciancetta, E., Ciliegi, P., Cimatti, A., Cimino, M., Cioni, M. -R. L., Claydon, R., Cleland, C., Clément, B., Clements, D. L., Clerc, N., Clesse, S., Codis, S., Cogato, F., Colbert, J., Cole, R. E., Coles, P., Collett, T. E., Collins, R. S., Colodro-Conde, C., Colombo, C., Combes, F., Conforti, V., Congedo, G., Conseil, S., Conselice, C. J., Contarini, S., Contini, T., Conversi, L., Cooray, A. R., Copin, Y., Corasaniti, P. -S., Corcho-Caballero, P., Corcione, L., Cordes, O., Corpace, O., Correnti, M., Costanzi, M., Costille, A., Courbin, F., Mifsud, L. Courcoult, Courtois, H. M., Cousinou, M. -C., Covone, G., Cowell, T., Cragg, C., Cresci, G., Cristiani, S., Crocce, M., Cropper, M., Crouzet, P. E, Csizi, B., Cuby, J. -G., Cucchetti, E., Cucciati, O., Cuillandre, J. -C., Cunha, P. A. C., Cuozzo, V., Daddi, E., D'Addona, M., Dafonte, C., Dagoneau, N., Dalessandro, E., Dalton, G. B., D'Amico, G., Dannerbauer, H., Danto, P., Das, I., Da Silva, A., da Silva, R., Doumerg, W. d'Assignies, Daste, G., Davies, J. E., Davini, S., Dayal, P., de Boer, T., Decarli, R., De Caro, B., Degaudenzi, H., Degni, G., de Jong, J. T. A., de la Bella, L. F., de la Torre, S., Delhaise, F., Delley, D., Delucchi, G., De Lucia, G., Denniston, J., De Paolis, F., De Petris, M., Derosa, A., Desai, S., Desjacques, V., Despali, G., Desprez, G., De Vicente-Albendea, J., Deville, Y., Dias, J. D. F., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Diaz, J. J., Di Domizio, S., Diego, J. M., Di Ferdinando, D., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dimauro, P., Dinis, J., Dolag, K., Dolding, C., Dole, H., Sánchez, H. Domínguez, Doré, O., Dournac, F., Douspis, M., Dreihahn, H., Droge, B., Dryer, B., Dubath, F., Duc, P. -A., Ducret, F., Duffy, C., Dufresne, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Duret, V., Durrer, R., Durret, F., Dusini, S., Ealet, A., Eggemeier, A., Eisenhardt, P. R. M., Elbaz, D., Elkhashab, M. Y., Ellien, A., Endicott, J., Enia, A., Erben, T., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Escoffier, S., Sanz, I. Escudero, Essert, J., Ettori, S., Ezziati, M., Fabbian, G., Fabricius, M., Fang, Y., Farina, A., Farina, M., Farinelli, R., Farrens, S., Faustini, F., Feltre, A., Ferguson, A. M. N., Ferrando, P., Ferrari, A. G., Ferré-Mateu, A., Ferreira, P. G., Ferreras, I., Ferrero, I., Ferriol, S., Ferruit, P., Filleul, D., Finelli, F., Finkelstein, S. L., Finoguenov, A., Fiorini, B., Flentge, F., Focardi, P., Fonseca, J., Fontana, A., Fontanot, F., Fornari, F., Fosalba, P., Fossati, M., Fotopoulou, S., Fouchez, D., Fourmanoit, N., Frailis, M., Fraix-Burnet, D., Franceschi, E., Franco, A., Franzetti, P., Freihoefer, J., Frenk, C. . S., Frittoli, G., Frugier, P. -A., Frusciante, N., Fumagalli, A., Fumagalli, M., Fumana, M., Fu, Y., Gabarra, L., Galeotta, S., Galluccio, L., Ganga, K., Gao, H., García-Bellido, J., Garcia, K., Gardner, J. P., Garilli, B., Gaspar-Venancio, L. -M., Gasparetto, T., Gautard, V., Gavazzi, R., Gaztanaga, E., Genolet, L., Santos, R. Genova, Gentile, F., George, K., Gerbino, M., Ghaffari, Z., Giacomini, F., Gianotti, F., Gibb, G. P. S., Gillard, W., Gillis, B., Ginolfi, M., Giocoli, C., Girardi, M., Giri, S. K., Goh, L. W. K., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Gonzalez-Perez, V., Gonzalez, A. H., Gonzalez, E. J., Gonzalez, J. C., Beauchamps, S. Gouyou, Gozaliasl, G., Gracia-Carpio, J., Grandis, S., Granett, B. R., Granvik, M., Grazian, A., Gregorio, A., Grenet, C., Grillo, C., Grupp, F., Gruppioni, C., Gruppuso, A., Guerbuez, C., Guerrini, S., Guidi, M., Guillard, P., Gutierrez, C. M., Guttridge, P., Guzzo, L., Gwyn, S., Haapala, J., Haase, J., Haddow, C. R., Hailey, M., Hall, A., Hall, D., Hamaus, N., Haridasu, B. S., Harnois-Déraps, J., Harper, C., Hartley, W. G., Hasinger, G., Hassani, F., Hatch, N. A., Haugan, S. V. H., Häußler, B., Heavens, A., Heisenberg, L., Helmi, A., Helou, G., Hemmati, S., Henares, K., Herent, O., Hernández-Monteagudo, C., Heuberger, T., Hewett, P. C., Heydenreich, S., Hildebrandt, H., Hirschmann, M., Hjorth, J., Hoar, J., Hoekstra, H., Holland, A. D., Holliman, M. S., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Horeau, B., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hosseini, S., Hu, D., Hudelot, P., Hudson, M. J., Huertas-Company, M., Huff, E. M., Hughes, A. C. N., Humphrey, A., Hunt, L. K., Huynh, D. D., Ibata, R., Ichikawa, K., Iglesias-Groth, S., Ilbert, O., Ilić, S., Ingoglia, L., Iodice, E., Israel, H., Israelsson, U. E., Izzo, L., Jablonka, P., Jackson, N., Jacobson, J., Jafariyazani, M., Jahnke, K., Jain, B., Jansen, H., Jarvis, M. J., Jasche, J., Jauzac, M., Jeffrey, N., Jhabvala, M., Jimenez-Teja, Y., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Joachimi, B., Johansson, P. H., Joudaki, S., Jullo, E., Kajava, J. J. E., Kang, Y., Kannawadi, A., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kärcher, M., Kashlinsky, A., Kazandjian, M. V., Keck, F., Keihänen, E., Kerins, E., Kermiche, S., Khalil, A., Kiessling, A., Kiiveri, K., Kilbinger, M., Kim, J., King, R., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Kitching, T., Kluge, M., Knabenhans, M., Knapen, J. H., Knebe, A., Kneib, J. -P., Kohley, R., Koopmans, L. V. E., Koskinen, H., Koulouridis, E., Kou, R., Kovács, A., Kovačić, I., Kowalczyk, A., Koyama, K., Kraljic, K., Krause, O., Kruk, S., Kubik, B., Kuchner, U., Kuijken, K., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lacasa, F., Lacey, C. G., La Franca, F., Lagarde, N., Lahav, O., Laigle, C., La Marca, A., La Marle, O., Lamine, B., Lam, M. C., Lançon, A., Landt, H., Langer, M., Lapi, A., Larcheveque, C., Larsen, S. S., Lattanzi, M., Laudisio, F., Laugier, D., Laureijs, R., Laurent, V., Lavaux, G., Lawrenson, A., Lazanu, A., Lazeyras, T., Boulc'h, Q. Le, Brun, A. M. C. Le, Brun, V. Le, Leclercq, F., Lee, S., Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Leirvik, K. N., Jeune, M. Le, Lembo, M., Mignant, D. Le, Lepinzan, M. D., Lepori, F., Reun, A. Le, Leroy, G., Lesci, G. F., Lesgourgues, J., Leuzzi, L., Levi, M. E., Liaudat, T. I., Libet, G., Liebing, P., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lin, C. -C., Linde, D., Linder, E., Lindholm, V., Linke, L., Li, S. -S., Liu, S. J., Lloro, I., Lobo, F. S. N., Lodieu, N., Lombardi, M., Lombriser, L., Lonare, P., Longo, G., López-Caniego, M., Lopez, X. Lopez, Alvarez, J. Lorenzo, Loureiro, A., Loveday, J., Lusso, E., Macias-Perez, J., Maciaszek, T., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Magnard, F., Magnier, E. A., Magro, A., Mahler, G., Mainetti, G., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Malavasi, N., Mamon, G. A., Mancini, C., Mandelbaum, R., Manera, M., Manjón-García, A., Mannucci, F., Mansutti, O., Outeiro, M. Manteiga, Maoli, R., Maraston, C., Marcin, S., Marcos-Arenal, P., Margalef-Bentabol, B., Marggraf, O., Marinucci, D., Marinucci, M., Markovic, K., Marleau, F. R., Marpaud, J., Martignac, J., Martín-Fleitas, J., Martin-Moruno, P., Martin, E. L., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Martin, H., Martins, C. J. A. P., Marulli, F., Massari, D., Massey, R., Masters, D. C., Matarrese, S., Matsuoka, Y., Matthew, S., Maughan, B. J., Mauri, N., Maurin, L., Maurogordato, S., McCarthy, K., McConnachie, A. W., McCracken, H. J., McDonald, I., McEwen, J. D., McPartland, C. J. R., Medinaceli, E., Mehta, V., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Melin, J. -B., Ménard, B., Mendes, J., Mendez-Abreu, J., Meneghetti, M., Mercurio, A., Merlin, E., Metcalf, R. B., Meylan, G., Migliaccio, M., Mignoli, M., Miller, L., Miluzio, M., Milvang-Jensen, B., Mimoso, J. P., Miquel, R., Miyatake, H., Mobasher, B., Mohr, J. J., Monaco, P., Monguió, M., Montoro, A., Mora, A., Dizgah, A. Moradinezhad, Moresco, M., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Morisset, N., Moriya, T. J., Morris, P. W., Mortlock, D. J., Moscardini, L., Mota, D. F., Mottet, S., Moustakas, L. A., Moutard, T., Müller, T., Munari, E., Murphree, G., Murray, C., Murray, N., Musi, P., Nadathur, S., Nagam, B. C., Nagao, T., Naidoo, K., Nakajima, R., Nally, C., Natoli, P., Navarro-Alsina, A., Girones, D. Navarro, Neissner, C., Nersesian, A., Nesseris, S., Nguyen-Kim, H. N., Nicastro, L., Nichol, R. C., Nielbock, M., Niemi, S. -M., Nieto, S., Nilsson, K., Noller, J., Norberg, P., Nouri-Zonoz, A., Ntelis, P., Nucita, A. A., Nugent, P., Nunes, N. J., Nutma, T., Ocampo, I., Odier, J., Oesch, P. A., Oguri, M., Oliveira, D. Magalhaes, Onoue, M., Oosterbroek, T., Oppizzi, F., Ordenovic, C., Osato, K., Pacaud, F., Pace, F., Padilla, C., Paech, K., Pagano, L., Page, M. J., Palazzi, E., Paltani, S., Pamuk, S., Pandolfi, S., Paoletti, D., Paolillo, M., Papaderos, P., Pardede, K., Parimbelli, G., Parmar, A., Partmann, C., Pasian, F., Passalacqua, F., Paterson, K., Patrizii, L., Pattison, C., Paulino-Afonso, A., Paviot, R., Peacock, J. A., Pearce, F. R., Pedersen, K., Peel, A., Peletier, R. F., Ibanez, M. Pellejero, Pello, R., Penny, M. T., Percival, W. J., Perez-Garrido, A., Perotto, L., Pettorino, V., Pezzotta, A., Pezzuto, S., Philippon, A., Pierre, M., Piersanti, O., Pietroni, M., Piga, L., Pilo, L., Pires, S., Pisani, A., Pizzella, A., Pizzuti, L., Plana, C., Polenta, G., Pollack, J. E., Poncet, M., Pöntinen, M., Pool, P., Popa, L. A., Popa, V., Popp, J., Porciani, C., Porth, L., Potter, D., Poulain, M., Pourtsidou, A., Pozzetti, L., Prandoni, I., Pratt, G. W., Prezelus, S., Prieto, E., Pugno, A., Quai, S., Quilley, L., Racca, G. D., Raccanelli, A., Rácz, G., Radinović, S., Radovich, M., Ragagnin, A., Ragnit, U., Raison, F., Ramos-Chernenko, N., Ranc, C., Rasera, Y., Raylet, N., Rebolo, R., Refregier, A., Reimberg, P., Reiprich, T. H., Renk, F., Renzi, A., Retre, J., Revaz, Y., Reylé, C., Reynolds, L., Rhodes, J., Ricci, F., Ricci, M., Riccio, G., Ricken, S. O., Rissanen, S., Risso, I., Rix, H. -W., Robin, A. C., Rocca-Volmerange, B., Rocci, P. -F., Rodenhuis, M., Rodighiero, G., Monroy, M. Rodriguez, Rollins, R. P., Romanello, M., Roman, J., Romelli, E., Romero-Gomez, M., Roncarelli, M., Rosati, P., Rosset, C., Rossetti, E., Roster, W., Rottgering, H. J. A., Rozas-Fernández, A., Ruane, K., Rubino-Martin, J. A., Rudolph, A., Ruppin, F., Rusholme, B., Sacquegna, S., Sáez-Casares, I., Saga, S., Saglia, R., Sahlén, M., Saifollahi, T., Sakr, Z., Salvalaggio, J., Salvaterra, R., Salvati, L., Salvato, M., Salvignol, J. -C., Sánchez, A. G., Sanchez, E., Sanders, D. B., Sapone, D., Saponara, M., Sarpa, E., Sarron, F., Sartori, S., Sartoris, B., Sassolas, B., Sauniere, L., Sauvage, M., Sawicki, M., Scaramella, R., Scarlata, C., Scharré, L., Schaye, J., Schewtschenko, J. A., Schindler, J. -T., Schinnerer, E., Schirmer, M., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, M., Schneider, A., Schneider, M., Schneider, P., Schöneberg, N., Schrabback, T., Schultheis, M., Schulz, S., Schuster, N., Schwartz, J., Sciotti, D., Scodeggio, M., Scognamiglio, D., Scott, D., Scottez, V., Secroun, A., Sefusatti, E., Seidel, G., Seiffert, M., Sellentin, E., Selwood, M., Semboloni, E., Sereno, M., Serjeant, S., Serrano, S., Setnikar, G., Shankar, F., Sharples, R. M., Short, A., Shulevski, A., Shuntov, M., Sias, M., Sikkema, G., Silvestri, A., Simon, P., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Skottfelt, J., Slezak, E., Sluse, D., Smith, G. P., Smith, L. C., Smith, R. E., Smit, S. J. A., Soldano, F., Solheim, B. G. B., Sorce, J. G., Sorrenti, F., Soubrie, E., Spinoglio, L., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stadel, J., Stagnaro, L., Stanco, L., Stanford, S. A., Starck, J. -L., Stassi, P., Steinwagner, J., Stern, D., Stone, C., Strada, P., Strafella, F., Stramaccioni, D., Surace, C., Sureau, F., Suyu, S. H., Swindells, I., Szafraniec, M., Szapudi, I., Taamoli, S., Talia, M., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Tarrío, P., Tavagnacco, D., Taylor, A. N., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. L., Teixeira, E. M., Tenti, M., Idiago, P. Teodoro, Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Tessore, N., Testa, V., Testera, G., Tewes, M., Teyssier, R., Theret, N., Thizy, C., Thomas, P. D., Toba, Y., Toft, S., Toledo-Moreo, R., Tolstoy, E., Tommasi, E., Torbaniuk, O., Torradeflot, F., Tortora, C., Tosi, S., Tosti, S., Trifoglio, M., Troja, A., Trombetti, T., Tronconi, A., Tsedrik, M., Tsyganov, A., Tucci, M., Tutusaus, I., Uhlemann, C., Ulivi, L., Urbano, M., Vacher, L., Vaillon, L., Valageas, P., Valdes, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Broeck, M. Van den, Vassallo, T., Vavrek, R., Vega-Ferrero, J., Venemans, B., Venhola, A., Ventura, S., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Vergani, D., Verma, A., Vernizzi, F., Veropalumbo, A., Verza, G., Vescovi, C., Vibert, D., Viel, M., Vielzeuf, P., Viglione, C., Viitanen, A., Villaescusa-Navarro, F., Vinciguerra, S., Visticot, F., Voggel, K., von Wietersheim-Kramsta, M., Vriend, W. J., Wachter, S., Walmsley, M., Walth, G., Walton, D. M., Walton, N. A., Wander, M., Wang, L., Wang, Y., Weaver, J. R., Weller, J., Wetzstein, M., Whalen, D. J., Whittam, I. H., Widmer, A., Wiesmann, M., Wilde, J., Williams, O. R., Winther, H. -A., Wittje, A., Wong, J. H. W., Wright, A. H., Yankelevich, V., Yeung, H. W., Yoon, M., Youles, S., Yung, L. Y. A., Zacchei, A., Zalesky, L., Zamorani, G., Vitorelli, A. Zamorano, Marc, M. Zanoni, Zennaro, M., Zerbi, F. M., Zinchenko, I. A., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., and Zumalacarregui, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The current standard model of cosmology successfully describes a variety of measurements, but the nature of its main ingredients, dark matter and dark energy, remains unknown. Euclid is a medium-class mission in the Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 programme of the European Space Agency (ESA) that will provide high-resolution optical imaging, as well as near-infrared imaging and spectroscopy, over about 14,000 deg^2 of extragalactic sky. In addition to accurate weak lensing and clustering measurements that probe structure formation over half of the age of the Universe, its primary probes for cosmology, these exquisite data will enable a wide range of science. This paper provides a high-level overview of the mission, summarising the survey characteristics, the various data-processing steps, and data products. We also highlight the main science objectives and expected performance., Comment: Accepted for publication in the A&A special issue`Euclid on Sky'

Published
2024

19. Euclid preparation. LIII. LensMC, weak lensing cosmic shear measurement with forward modelling and Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling

Author

Euclid Collaboration, Congedo, G., Miller, L., Taylor, A. N., Cross, N., Duncan, C. A. J., Kitching, T., Martinet, N., Matthew, S., Schrabback, T., Tewes, M., Welikala, N., Aghanim, N., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castander, F. J., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Cropper, M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Dubath, F., Dupac, X., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Garilli, B., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Haugan, S. V. H., Holliman, M. S., Holmes, W., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jahnke, K., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kubik, B., Kuijken, K., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Maurogordato, S., McCracken, H. J., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Morin, B., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Niemi, S. -M., Nightingale, J. W., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schneider, P., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tavagnacco, D., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Bolzonella, M., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Colodro-Conde, C., Di Ferdinando, D., Graciá-Carpio, J., Mauri, N., Neissner, C., Nucita, A. A., Sakr, Z., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., Borgani, S., Borlaff, A. S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castignani, G., Castro, T., Cañas-Herrera, G., Chambers, K. C., Cooray, A. R., Coupon, J., Davini, S., De Lucia, G., Desprez, G., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Escoffier, S., Ferrero, I., Finelli, F., Gabarra, L., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Guinet, D., Hall, A., Hildebrandt, H., Ilić, S., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Joudaki, S., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Legrand, L., Macias-Perez, J., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Maoli, R., Martinelli, M., Martins, C. J. A. P., Maturi, M., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Monaco, P., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Patrizii, L., Peel, A., Pezzotta, A., Popa, V., Porciani, C., Potter, D., Pöntinen, M., Reimberg, P., Rocci, P. -F., Sánchez, A. G., Schewtschenko, J. A., Schneider, A., Sefusatti, E., Sereno, M., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stadel, J., Steinwagner, J., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., and Vergani, D.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Statistics - Computation
Abstract

LensMC is a weak lensing shear measurement method developed for Euclid and Stage-IV surveys. It is based on forward modelling in order to deal with convolution by a point spread function (PSF) with comparable size to many galaxies; sampling the posterior distribution of galaxy parameters via Markov Chain Monte Carlo; and marginalisation over nuisance parameters for each of the 1.5 billion galaxies observed by Euclid. We quantified the scientific performance through high-fidelity images based on the Euclid Flagship simulations and emulation of the Euclid VIS images; realistic clustering with a mean surface number density of 250 arcmin$^{-2}$ ($I_{\rm E}<29.5$) for galaxies, and 6 arcmin$^{-2}$ ($I_{\rm E}<26$) for stars; and a diffraction-limited chromatic PSF with a full width at half maximum of $0.^{\!\prime\prime}2$ and spatial variation across the field of view. LensMC measured objects with a density of 90 arcmin$^{-2}$ ($I_{\rm E}<26.5$) in 4500 deg$^2$. The total shear bias was broken down into measurement (our main focus here) and selection effects (which will be addressed elsewhere). We found measurement multiplicative and additive biases of $m_1=(-3.6\pm0.2)\times10^{-3}$, $m_2=(-4.3\pm0.2)\times10^{-3}$, $c_1=(-1.78\pm0.03)\times10^{-4}$, $c_2=(0.09\pm0.03)\times10^{-4}$; a large detection bias with a multiplicative component of $1.2\times10^{-2}$ and an additive component of $-3\times10^{-4}$; and a measurement PSF leakage of $\alpha_1=(-9\pm3)\times10^{-4}$ and $\alpha_2=(2\pm3)\times10^{-4}$. When model bias is suppressed, the obtained measurement biases are close to Euclid requirement and largely dominated by undetected faint galaxies ($-5\times10^{-3}$). Although significant, model bias will be straightforward to calibrate given the weak sensitivity. LensMC is publicly available at https://gitlab.com/gcongedo/LensMC, Comment: 28 pages, 18 figures, and 2 tables

Published
2024
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20. Summary of SatHub, and the current observational status of satellite constellations

Author

Peel, Mike W., Eggl, Siegfried, Rawls, Meredith, Dadighat, Michelle, Benvenuti, Piero, di Vruno, Federico, and Walker, Connie

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Physics and Society, Physics - Space Physics
Abstract

SatHub is one of the four hubs of the IAU Centre for the Protection of the Dark and Quiet Sky from Satellite Constellation Interference (CPS). It focuses on observations, data analysis, software, and training materials to improve our understanding of the impact of satellite constellations on astronomy and observers worldwide. As a preface to more in-depth IAUS385 sessions, we gave a summary of some recent work by SatHub members and the current status of satellite constellations, including optical and radio observations. We shared how the audience can join or get more involved, e.g., via the CPS Slack for asynchronous collaboration. We also touched on what a future with hundreds of thousands of constellation satellites might look like., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in "Astronomy and Satellite Constellations: Pathways Forward", proceedings of IAU Symposium 385

Published
2024

21. Euclid preparation. XLII. A unified catalogue-level reanalysis of weak lensing by galaxy clusters in five imaging surveys

Author

Euclid Collaboration, Sereno, M., Farrens, S., Ingoglia, L., Lesci, G. F., Baumont, L., Covone, G., Giocoli, C., Marulli, F., La Hera, S. Miranda, Vannier, M., Biviano, A., Maurogordato, S., Moscardini, L., Aghanim, N., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Bellagamba, F., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Cledassou, R., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Corcione, L., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Cropper, M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Farina, M., Ferriol, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Garilli, B., Gillis, B., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Haugan, S. V. H., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jahnke, K., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kubik, B., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinet, N., Massey, R., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Munari, E., Niemi, S. -M., Nutma, T., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schirmer, M., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Starck, J. -L., Tallada-Crespí, P., Taylor, A. N., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zacchei, A., Zamorani, G., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Cerna, C., Colodro-Conde, C., Di Ferdinando, D., Farinelli, R., Israel, H., Mauri, N., Neissner, C., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., Benielli, D., Borgani, S., Borlaff, A. S., Burigana, C., Cabanac, R., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castignani, G., Castro, T., Cañas-Herrera, G., Chambers, K. C., Cooray, A. R., Coupon, J., Davini, S., De Lucia, G., Desprez, G., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Escoffier, S., Ferrero, I., Gabarra, L., Gaztanaga, E., George, K., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Hildebrandt, H., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Legrand, L., Liebing, P., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Magliocchetti, M., Mainetti, G., Maoli, R., Martinelli, M., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S. Z., Maturi, M., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Monaco, P., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Nucita, A. A., Patrizii, L., Peel, A., Pöntinen, M., Popa, V., Porciani, C., Potter, D., Reimberg, P., Sakr, Z., Sánchez, A. G., Schneider, A., Sefusatti, E., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stadel, J., Stanford, S. A., Steinwagner, J., Teyssier, R., Valiviita, J., and Viel, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Precise and accurate mass calibration is required to exploit galaxy clusters as astrophysical and cosmological probes in the Euclid era. Systematic errors in lensing signals by galaxy clusters can be empirically estimated by comparing different surveys with independent and uncorrelated systematics. To assess the robustness of the lensing results to systematic errors, we carried out end-to-end tests across different data sets. We performed a unified analysis at the catalogue level by leveraging the Euclid combined cluster and weak-lensing pipeline (COMB-CL). COMB-CL will measure weak lensing cluster masses for the Euclid Survey. Heterogeneous data sets from five independent, recent, lensing surveys (CHFTLenS, DES~SV1, HSC-SSP~S16a, KiDS~DR4, and RCSLenS), which exploited different shear and photometric redshift estimation algorithms, were analysed with a consistent pipeline under the same model assumptions. We performed a comparison of the amplitude of the reduced excess surface density and of the mass estimates using lenses from the Planck PSZ2 and SDSS redMaPPer cluster samples. Mass estimates agree with literature results collected in the LC2 catalogues. Mass accuracy was further investigated considering the AMICO detected clusters in the HSC-SSP XXL North field. The consistency of the data sets was tested using our unified analysis framework. We found agreement between independent surveys, at the level of systematic noise in Stage-III surveys or precursors. This indicates successful control over systematics. If such control continues in Stage-IV, Euclid will be able to measure the weak lensing masses of around 13000 (considering shot noise only) or 3000 (noise from shape and large-scale-structure) massive clusters with a signal-to-noise ratio greater than 3., Comment: 25 pages; in press on A&A

Published
2024

22. Extant and extinct bilby genomes combined with Indigenous knowledge improve conservation of a unique Australian marsupial.

Author

Hogg, Carolyn, Edwards, Richard, Farquharson, Katherine, Silver, Luke, Brandies, Parice, Peel, Emma, Escalona, Merly, Jaya, Frederick, Thavornkanlapachai, Rujiporn, Batley, Kimberley, Bradford, Tessa, Chang, J, Chen, Zhiliang, Deshpande, Nandan, Dziminski, Martin, Ewart, Kyle, Griffith, Oliver, Marin Gual, Laia, Moon, Katherine, Travouillon, Kenny, Waters, Paul, Whittington, Camilla, Wilkins, Marc, Helgen, Kristofer, Lo, Nathan, Ho, Simon, Ruiz Herrera, Aurora, Paltridge, Rachel, Marshall Graves, Jennifer, Renfree, Marilyn, Shapiro, Beth, Ottewell, Kym, and Belov, Katherine

Subjects
Animals, Conservation of Natural Resources, Marsupialia, Genome, Australia, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Extinction, Biological
Abstract

Ninu (greater bilby, Macrotis lagotis) are desert-dwelling, culturally and ecologically important marsupials. In collaboration with Indigenous rangers and conservation managers, we generated the Ninu chromosome-level genome assembly (3.66 Gbp) and genome sequences for the extinct Yallara (lesser bilby, Macrotis leucura). We developed and tested a scat single-nucleotide polymorphism panel to inform current and future conservation actions, undertake ecological assessments and improve our understanding of Ninu genetic diversity in managed and wild populations. We also assessed the beneficial impact of translocations in the metapopulation (N = 363 Ninu). Resequenced genomes (temperate Ninu, 6; semi-arid Ninu, 6; and Yallara, 4) revealed two major population crashes during global cooling events for both species and differences in Ninu genes involved in anatomical and metabolic pathways. Despite their 45-year captive history, Ninu have fewer long runs of homozygosity than other larger mammals, which may be attributable to their boom-bust life history. Here we investigated the unique Ninu biology using 12 tissue transcriptomes revealing expression of all 115 conserved eutherian chorioallantoic placentation genes in the uterus, an XY1Y2 sex chromosome system and olfactory receptor gene expansions. Together, we demonstrate the holistic value of genomics in improving key conservation actions, understanding unique biological traits and developing tools for Indigenous rangers to monitor remote wild populations.

Published
2024

25. Euclid preparation. XLIII. Measuring detailed galaxy morphologies for Euclid with machine learning

Author

Euclid Collaboration, Aussel, B., Kruk, S., Walmsley, M., Huertas-Company, M., Castellano, M., Conselice, C. J., Veneri, M. Delli, Sánchez, H. Domínguez, Duc, P. -A., Kuchner, U., La Marca, A., Margalef-Bentabol, B., Marleau, F. R., Stevens, G., Toba, Y., Tortora, C., Wang, L., Aghanim, N., Altieri, B., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Congedo, G., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Cropper, M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Dubath, F., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fotopoulou, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Franzetti, P., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Garilli, B., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Haugan, S. V. H., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jahnke, K., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kubik, B., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Laureijs, R., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Maurogordato, S., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schirmer, M., Schneider, P., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Starck, J. -L., Tallada-Crespí, P., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zacchei, A., Zamorani, G., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Bolzonella, M., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Colodro-Conde, C., Di Ferdinando, D., Farinelli, R., Graciá-Carpio, J., Mainetti, G., Marcin, S., Mauri, N., Neissner, C., Nucita, A. A., Sakr, Z., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., Borgani, S., Borlaff, A. S., Bretonnière, H., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castignani, G., Castro, T., Cañas-Herrera, G., Chambers, K. C., Coupon, J., Cucciati, O., Davini, S., De Lucia, G., Desprez, G., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Escoffier, S., Ferrero, I., Finelli, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., George, K., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Gregorio, A., Guinet, D., Hall, A., Hildebrandt, H., Munoz, A. Jimenez, Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Legrand, L., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Magliocchetti, M., Maoli, R., Martinelli, M., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maturi, M., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Monaco, P., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Walton, Nicholas A., Peel, A., Pezzotta, A., Popa, V., Porciani, C., Potter, D., Pöntinen, M., Reimberg, P., Rocci, P. -F., Sánchez, A. G., Schneider, A., Sefusatti, E., Sereno, M., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stanford, S. A., Steinwagner, J., Testera, G., Tewes, M., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., and Zinchenko, I. A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The Euclid mission is expected to image millions of galaxies with high resolution, providing an extensive dataset to study galaxy evolution. We investigate the application of deep learning to predict the detailed morphologies of galaxies in Euclid using Zoobot a convolutional neural network pretrained with 450000 galaxies from the Galaxy Zoo project. We adapted Zoobot for emulated Euclid images, generated based on Hubble Space Telescope COSMOS images, and with labels provided by volunteers in the Galaxy Zoo: Hubble project. We demonstrate that the trained Zoobot model successfully measures detailed morphology for emulated Euclid images. It effectively predicts whether a galaxy has features and identifies and characterises various features such as spiral arms, clumps, bars, disks, and central bulges. When compared to volunteer classifications Zoobot achieves mean vote fraction deviations of less than 12% and an accuracy above 91% for the confident volunteer classifications across most morphology types. However, the performance varies depending on the specific morphological class. For the global classes such as disk or smooth galaxies, the mean deviations are less than 10%, with only 1000 training galaxies necessary to reach this performance. For more detailed structures and complex tasks like detecting and counting spiral arms or clumps, the deviations are slightly higher, around 12% with 60000 galaxies used for training. In order to enhance the performance on complex morphologies, we anticipate that a larger pool of labelled galaxies is needed, which could be obtained using crowdsourcing. Finally, our findings imply that the model can be effectively adapted to new morphological labels. We demonstrate this adaptability by applying Zoobot to peculiar galaxies. In summary, our trained Zoobot CNN can readily predict morphological catalogues for Euclid images., Comment: 27 pages, 26 figures, 5 tables, published in A&A

Published
2024
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26. Calibration and surrogate model-based sensitivity analysis of crystal plasticity finite element models

Author

Dorward, Hugh, Knowles, David M., Demir, Eralp, Mostafavi, Mahmoud, and Peel, Matthew J.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Crystal plasticity models are a powerful tool for predicting the deformation behaviour of polycrystalline materials accounting for the underlying grain morphology and texture. These models typically have a large number of parameters, an understanding of which is required to effectively calibrate and apply the model. This study presents a structured framework for the global sensitivity analysis, using Sobol indices, of the effect of crystal plasticity parameters on model outputs. Due to the computational cost of evaluating the crystal plasticity model multiple times within a finite element framework, a Gaussian process regression surrogate model was constructed and used to conduct the sensitivity analysis. Influential parameters from the sensitivity analysis were carried forward for calibration using both a local Nelder-Mead and global differential evolution optimisation algorithm. The results show that the surrogate based global sensitivity analysis is able to efficiently identify influential crystal plasticity parameters and parameter combinations. With a reduced parameter set, both the Nelder-Mead algorithm with multiple runs and the differential evolution algorithm were able to find an optimal parameter set which gives a close calibration of a simulated tensile curve to experimental data. However, only the differential evolutionary algorithm was able to reliably find the global optimum due to the presence of local minima in the calibration objective function.

Published
2023

27. Microlensing of strongly lensed quasars

Author

Vernardos, G., Sluse, D., Pooley, D., Schmidt, R. W., Millon, M., Weisenbach, L., Motta, V., Anguita, T., Saha, P., O'Dowd, M., Peel, A., and Schechter, P. L.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Strong gravitational lensing of quasars has the potential to unlock the poorly understood physics of these fascinating objects, as well as serve as a probe of the lensing mass distribution and of cosmological parameters. In particular, gravitational microlensing by compact bodies in the lensing galaxy can enable mapping of quasar structure to $\lt 10^{-6}$ arcsec scales. Some of this potential has been realized over the past few decades, however the upcoming era of large sky surveys promises to bring this to full fruition. Here we review the theoretical framework of this field, describe the prominent current methods for parameter inference from quasar microlensing data across different observing modalities, and discuss the constraints so far derived on the geometry and physics of quasar inner structure. We also review the application of strong lensing and microlensing to constraining the granularity of the lens potential, i.e. the contribution of the baryonic and dark matter components, and the local mass distribution in the lens, i.e. the stellar mass function. Finally, we discuss the future of the field, including the new possibilities that will be opened by the next generation of large surveys and by new analysis methods now being developed., Comment: To be submitted to Space Science Reviews, Topical Collection "Strong Gravitational Lensing", eds. J. Wambsganss et al

Published
2023

29. Ecological countermeasures to prevent pathogen spillover and subsequent pandemics.

Author

Plowright, Raina, Ahmed, Aliyu, Coulson, Tim, Crowther, Thomas, Ejotre, Imran, Faust, Christina, Frick, Winifred, Hudson, Peter, Kingston, Tigga, Nameer, P, OMara, M, Peel, Alison, Possingham, Hugh, Razgour, Orly, Reeder, DeeAnn, Ruiz-Aravena, Manuel, Simmons, Nancy, Srinivas, Prashanth, Tabor, Gary, Tanshi, Iroro, Thompson, Ian, Vanak, Abi, Vora, Neil, Willison, Charley, and Keeley, Annika

Subjects
Animals, Pandemics, Zoonoses, Viruses, Ecosystem
Abstract

Substantial global attention is focused on how to reduce the risk of future pandemics. Reducing this risk requires investment in prevention, preparedness, and response. Although preparedness and response have received significant focus, prevention, especially the prevention of zoonotic spillover, remains largely absent from global conversations. This oversight is due in part to the lack of a clear definition of prevention and lack of guidance on how to achieve it. To address this gap, we elucidate the mechanisms linking environmental change and zoonotic spillover using spillover of viruses from bats as a case study. We identify ecological interventions that can disrupt these spillover mechanisms and propose policy frameworks for their implementation. Recognizing that pandemics originate in ecological systems, we advocate for integrating ecological approaches alongside biomedical approaches in a comprehensive and balanced pandemic prevention strategy.

Published
2024

30. Neutralizing IFN-γ autoantibodies are rare and pathogenic in HLA-DRB1*15:02 or 16:02 individuals.

Author

Peel, Jessica, Yang, Rui, Le Voyer, Tom, Gervais, Adrian, Rosain, Jérémie, Bastard, Paul, Behere, Anish, Cederholm, Axel, Bodansky, Aaron, Seeleuthner, Yoann, Conil, Clément, Ding, Jing-Ya, Lei, Wei-Te, Bizien, Lucy, Soudee, Camille, Migaud, Mélanie, Ogishi, Masato, Yatim, Ahmad, Lee, Danyel, Bohlen, Jonathan, Perpoint, Thomas, Perez, Laura, Messina, Fernando, Genet, Roxana, Karkowski, Ludovic, Blot, Mathieu, Lafont, Emmanuel, Toullec, Laurie, Goulvestre, Claire, Mehlal-Sedkaoui, Souad, Sallette, Jérôme, Martin, Fernando, Puel, Anne, Jouanguy, Emmanuelle, Anderson, Mark, Landegren, Nils, Tiberghien, Pierre, Abel, Laurent, Boisson-Dupuis, Stéphanie, Bustamante, Jacinta, Ku, Cheng-Lung, and Casanova, Jean-Laurent

Subjects
Autoimmune diseases, Cytokines, Genetics, Immunology, Adult, Humans, Autoantibodies, Autoimmune Diseases, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genotype, HLA-DRB1 Chains, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous
Abstract

BACKGROUNDWeakly virulent environmental mycobacteria (EM) can cause severe disease in HLA-DRB1*15:02 or 16:02 adults harboring neutralizing anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies (nAIGAs). The overall prevalence of nAIGAs in the general population is unknown, as are the penetrance of nAIGAs in HLA-DRB1*15:02 or 16:02 individuals and the proportion of patients with unexplained, adult-onset EM infections carrying nAIGAs.METHODSThis study analyzed the detection and neutralization of anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies (auto-Abs) from 8,430 healthy individuals of the general population, 257 HLA-DRB1*15:02 or 16:02 carriers, 1,063 patients with autoimmune disease, and 497 patients with unexplained severe disease due to EM.RESULTSWe found that anti-IFN-γ auto-Abs detected in 4,148 of 8,430 healthy individuals (49.2%) from the general population of an unknown HLA-DRB1 genotype were not neutralizing. Moreover, we did not find nAIGAs in 257 individuals carrying HLA-DRB1* 15:02 or 16:02. Additionally, nAIGAs were absent in 1,063 patients with an autoimmune disease. Finally, 7 of 497 patients (1.4%) with unexplained severe disease due to EM harbored nAIGAs.CONCLUSIONThese findings suggest that nAIGAs are isolated and that their penetrance in HLA-DRB1*15:02 or 16:02 individuals is low, implying that they may be triggered by rare germline or somatic variants. In contrast, the risk of mycobacterial disease in patients with nAIGAs is high, confirming that these nAIGAs are the cause of EM disease.FUNDINGThe Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases is supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the Rockefeller University, the St. Giles Foundation, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (R01AI095983 and U19AIN1625568), the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), the NIH Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) program (UL1 TR001866), the French National Research Agency (ANR) under the Investments for the Future program (ANR-10-IAHU-01), the Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory of Excellence (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), ANR-GENMSMD (ANR-16-CE17-0005-01), ANR-MAFMACRO (ANR-22-CE92-0008), ANRSECTZ170784, the French Foundation for Medical Research (FRM) (EQU201903007798), the ANRS-COV05, ANR GENVIR (ANR-20-CE93-003), and ANR AI2D (ANR-22-CE15-0046) projects, the ANR-RHU program (ANR-21-RHUS-08-COVIFERON), the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 824110 (EASI-genomics), the Square Foundation, Grandir - Fonds de solidarité pour lenfance, the Fondation du Souffle, the SCOR Corporate Foundation for Science, the Battersea & Bowery Advisory Group, William E. Ford, General Atlantics Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Gabriel Caillaux, General Atlantics Co-President, Managing Director, and Head of business in EMEA, and the General Atlantic Foundation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) and of Paris Cité University. JR was supported by the INSERM PhD program for doctors of pharmacy (poste daccueil INSERM). JR and TLV were supported by the Bettencourt-Schueller Foundation and the MD-PhD program of the Imagine Institute. MO was supported by the David Rockefeller Graduate Program, the Funai Foundation for Information Technology (FFIT), the Honjo International Scholarship Foundation (HISF), and the New York Hideyo Noguchi Memorial Society (HNMS).

Published
2024

31. Effects of a liquefied petroleum gas stove intervention on stillbirth, congenital anomalies and neonatal mortality: A multi-country household air pollution intervention network trial

Author

Younger, Ashley, Ye, Wenlu, Alkon, Abbey, Harknett, Kristen, Kirby, Miles A, Elon, Lisa, Lovvorn, Amy E, Wang, Jiantong, Diaz-Artiga, Anaité, McCracken, John P, Gonzalez, Adly Castañaza, Alarcon, Libny Monroy, Mukeshimana, Alexie, Rosa, Ghislaine, Chiang, Marilu, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Garg, Sarada S, Pillarisetti, Ajay, Piedrahita, Ricardo, Johnson, Michael A, Craik, Rachel, Papageorghiou, Aris T, Toenjes, Ashley, Williams, Kendra N, Underhill, Lindsay J, Hartinger, Stella M, Nicolaou, Laura, Chang, Howard H, Naeher, Luke P, Rosenthal, Joshua, Checkley, William, Peel, Jennifer L, Clasen, Thomas F, Thompson, Lisa M, and Investigators, Household Air Pollution Intervention Network

Subjects
Reproductive Medicine, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period, Pediatric, Preterm, Low Birth Weight and Health of the Newborn, Prevention, Health Effects of Household Energy Combustion, Climate-Related Exposures and Conditions, Conditions Affecting the Embryonic and Fetal Periods, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Infant Mortality, Health Effects of Indoor Air Pollution, Clinical Research, Reproductive health and childbirth, Good Health and Well Being, Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) Investigators, Birth outcomes, Congenital anomaly, Cooking fuel, Low- and middle-income countries, Neonatal mortality, Stillbirth, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Household air pollution (HAP) from cooking with solid fuels used during pregnancy has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial was a randomized controlled trial that assessed the impact of a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stove and fuel intervention on health in Guatemala, India, Peru, and Rwanda. Here we investigated the effects of the LPG stove and fuel intervention on stillbirth, congenital anomalies and neonatal mortality and characterized exposure-response relationships between personal exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), black carbon (BC) and carbon monoxide (CO) and these outcomes. Pregnant women (18 to

Published
2024

32. Active and passive organic carbon fluxes during a bloom in the Southern Ocean (South Georgia)

Author

Major, William, Giering, Sarah L. C., Ainsworth, Joanna, Belcher, Anna, Blackbird, Sabena, Bridger, Martin, Briggs, Nathan, Carvalho, Filipa, Clément, Louis, Cook, Kathryn, Dumousseaud, Cynthia, Espinola, Benoit, Evans, Claire, Fielding, Sophie, Hartmann, Manuela, Henson, Stephanie, Iversen, Morten, Kiriakoulakis, Konstadinos, Lampitt, Richard, Lovecchio, Elisa, Martin, Adrian, Mayor, Dan, Moore, Mark, Pabortsava, Katsiaryna, Pebody, Corinne, Peel, Kate, Preece, Calum, Poulton, Alex, Rayne, Rachel, Saw, Kevin, Stinchcombe, Mark, Stowasser, Gabriele, Tarling, Geraint A., Thomalla, Sandy, Villa-Alfageme, María, Wolff, George A., and Sanders, Richard

Published
2024
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34. Study protocol for an adaptive, multi-arm, multi-stage (MAMS) randomised controlled trial of brief remotely delivered psychosocial interventions for people with serious mental health problems who have experienced a recent suicidal crisis: Remote Approaches to Psychosocial Intervention Delivery (RAPID)

Author

Pyle, Melissa, Loftus, Lucy, Emsley, Richard, Freeman, Daniel, Gillard, Steven, Gumley, Andrew, Sierpatowska, Justyna, Wood, Lisa, O’Connor, Rory C., Pfeiffer, Paul, Simpson, Sharon Anne, Cockayne, Nicole, Shields, Gemma, Beckley, Ariane, Beckwith, Helen, Filippidou, Maria, Glen, Callum, Allan, Stephanie, Hazzard, Raj, Longden, Eleanor, Peel, Heather, Larsen, Mark, Bucci, Sandra, and Morrison, Anthony P.

Published
2024
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35. Biomarker Driven Antifungal Stewardship (BioDriveAFS) in acute leukaemia—a multi-centre randomised controlled trial to assess clinical and cost effectiveness: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Author

Flett, Lydia, Abdelatif, Radwa, Baz, Sarah Akhtar, Brady, Samantha, Corbacho, Belén, Common, Kate, Cowling, Abbie, Fairhurst, Caroline, Fitzmaurice, Ellie, Gandhi, Shreyans, Hilton, Andrea, Hope, William, Howard, Alex, Laycock, Joanne, Lillie, Patrick, Mitchell, Gemma, Parker, Adwoa, Peel, Mary, Sheard, Laura, Sneddon, Jacqueline, Taynton, Thomas, Tharmanathan, Puvan, Torgerson, David, Wang, Han-I, Allsup, David, and Barlow, Gavin

Published
2024
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37. The bii4africa dataset of faunal and floral population intactness estimates across Africa’s major land uses

Author

Clements, Hayley S., Do Linh San, Emmanuel, Hempson, Gareth, Linden, Birthe, Maritz, Bryan, Monadjem, Ara, Reynolds, Chevonne, Siebert, Frances, Stevens, Nicola, Biggs, Reinette, De Vos, Alta, Blanchard, Ryan, Child, Matthew, Esler, Karen J., Hamann, Maike, Loft, Ty, Reyers, Belinda, Selomane, Odirilwe, Skowno, Andrew L., Tshoke, Tshegofatso, Abdoulaye, Diarrassouba, Aebischer, Thierry, Aguirre-Gutiérrez, Jesús, Alexander, Graham J., Ali, Abdullahi H., Allan, David G., Amoako, Esther E., Angedakin, Samuel, Aruna, Edward, Avenant, Nico L., Badjedjea, Gabriel, Bakayoko, Adama, Bamba-kaya, Abraham, Bates, Michael F., Bates, Paul J. J., Belmain, Steven R., Bennitt, Emily, Bradley, James, Brewster, Chris A., Brown, Michael B., Brown, Michelle, Bryja, Josef, Butynski, Thomas M., Carvalho, Filipe, Channing, Alan, Chapman, Colin A., Cohen, Callan, Cords, Marina, Cramer, Jennifer D., Cronk, Nadine, Cunneyworth, Pamela M. K., Dalerum, Fredrik, Danquah, Emmanuel, Davies-Mostert, Harriet T., de Blocq, Andrew D., De Jong, Yvonne A., Demos, Terrence C., Denys, Christiane, Djagoun, Chabi A. M. S., Doherty-Bone, Thomas M., Drouilly, Marine, du Toit, Johan T., Ehlers Smith, David A., Ehlers Smith, Yvette C., Eiseb, Seth J., Fashing, Peter J., Ferguson, Adam W., Fernández-García, José M., Finckh, Manfred, Fischer, Claude, Gandiwa, Edson, Gaubert, Philippe, Gaugris, Jerome Y., Gibbs, Dalton J., Gilchrist, Jason S., Gil-Sánchez, Jose M., Githitho, Anthony N., Goodman, Peter S., Granjon, Laurent, Grobler, J. Paul, Gumbi, Bonginkosi C., Gvozdik, Vaclav, Harvey, James, Hauptfleisch, Morgan, Hayder, Firas, Hema, Emmanuel M., Herbst, Marna, Houngbédji, Mariano, Huntley, Brian J., Hutterer, Rainer, Ivande, Samuel T., Jackson, Kate, Jongsma, Gregory F. M., Juste, Javier, Kadjo, Blaise, Kaleme, Prince K., Kamugisha, Edwin, Kaplin, Beth A., Kato, Humphrey N., Kiffner, Christian, Kimuyu, Duncan M., Kityo, Robert M., Kouamé, N’goran G., Kouete T, Marcel, le Roux, Aliza, Lee, Alan T. K., Lötter, Mervyn C., Lykke, Anne Mette, MacFadyen, Duncan N., Macharia, Gacheru P., Madikiza, Zimkitha J. K., Mahlaba, Themb’alilahlwa A. M., Mallon, David, Mamba, Mnqobi L., Mande, Claude, Marchant, Rob A., Maritz, Robin A., Markotter, Wanda, McIntyre, Trevor, Measey, John, Mekonnen, Addisu, Meller, Paulina, Melville, Haemish I., Mganga, Kevin Z., Mills, Michael G. L., Minnie, Liaan, Missoup, Alain Didier, Mohammad, Abubakr, Moinde, Nancy N., Moise, Bakwo Fils E., Monterroso, Pedro, Moore, Jennifer F., Musila, Simon, Nago, Sedjro Gilles A., Namoto, Maganizo W., Niang, Fatimata, Nicolas, Violaine, Nkenku, Jerry B., Nkrumah, Evans E., Nono, Gonwouo L., Norbert, Mulavwa M., Nowak, Katarzyna, Obitte, Benneth C., Okoni-Williams, Arnold D., Onongo, Jonathan, O’Riain, M. Justin, Osinubi, Samuel T., Parker, Daniel M., Parrini, Francesca, Peel, Mike J. S., Penner, Johannes, Pietersen, Darren W., Plumptre, Andrew J., Ponsonby, Damian W., Porembski, Stefan, Power, R. John, Radloff, Frans G. T., Rambau, Ramugondo V., Ramesh, Tharmalingam, Richards, Leigh R., Rödel, Mark-Oliver, Rollinson, Dominic P., Rovero, Francesco, Saleh, Mostafa A., Schmiedel, Ute, Schoeman, M. Corrie, Scholte, Paul, Serfass, Thomas L., Shapiro, Julie Teresa, Shema, Sidney, Siebert, Stefan J., Slingsby, Jasper A., Sliwa, Alexander, Smit-Robinson, Hanneline A., Sogbohossou, Etotepe A., Somers, Michael J., Spawls, Stephen, Streicher, Jarryd P., Swanepoel, Lourens, Tanshi, Iroro, Taylor, Peter J., Taylor, William A., te Beest, Mariska, Telfer, Paul T., Thompson, Dave I., Tobi, Elie, Tolley, Krystal A., Turner, Andrew A., Twine, Wayne, Van Cakenberghe, Victor, Van de Perre, Frederik, van der Merwe, Helga, van Niekerk, Chris J. G., van Wyk, Pieter C. V., Venter, Jan A., Verburgt, Luke, Veron, Geraldine, Vetter, Susanne, Vorontsova, Maria S., Wagner, Thomas C., Webala, Paul W., Weber, Natalie, Weier, Sina M., White, Paula A., Whitecross, Melissa A., Wigley, Benjamin J., Willems, Frank J., Winterbach, Christiaan W., and Woodhouse, Galena M.

Published
2024
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39. Pre-breeding in alfalfa germplasm develops highly differentiated populations, as revealed by genome-wide microhaplotype markers

Author

Cesar A. Medina, Dongyan Zhao, Meng Lin, Manoj Sapkota, Alexander M. Sandercock, Craig T. Beil, Moira J. Sheehan, Brian M. Irish, Long-Xi Yu, Hari Poudel, Annie Claessens, Virginia Moore, Jamie Crawford, Julie Hansen, Donald Viands, Michael D. Peel, Neal Tilhou, Heathcliffe Riday, E. Charles Brummer, and Zhanyou Xu

Subjects
Alfalfa, DArTag, Microhaplotypes, Genetic diversity, Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Plant genebanks contain large numbers of germplasm accessions that likely harbor useful alleles or genes absent in commercial plant breeding programs. Broadening the genetic base of commercial alfalfa germplasm with these valuable genetic variations can be achieved by screening the extensive genetic diversity in germplasm collections and enabling maximal recombination among selected genotypes. In this study, we assessed the genetic diversity and differentiation of germplasm pools selected in northern U.S. latitudes (USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 7 or below) originating from Eurasian germplasm. The germplasm evaluated included four BASE populations (C0) from different geographical origins (Central Asia, Northeastern Europe, Balkans-Turkey-Black Sea, and Siberia/Mongolia), 20 cycle-one populations (C1) derived from each of the four BASE populations selected across five locations in the U.S. and Canada, and four commercial cultivars. Using a panel of 3,000 Diversity Array Technologies (DArTag) marker loci, we retrieved 2,994 target SNPs and approximately 12,000 microhaplotypes. Microhaplotypes exhibited higher genetic diversity values than target SNPs. Principal component analysis and discriminant analysis of principal components revealed significant population structure among the alfalfa populations based on geographical origin, while the check cultivars formed a central cluster. Inbreeding coefficients (FIS) ranged from − 0.1 to 0.006, with 27 out of 28 populations showing negative FIS values, indicating an excess of heterozygotes. Interpopulation genetic distances were calculated using Rho pairwise distances (FST adapted for autotetraploid species) and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) parameters. All BASE populations showed lower Rho values compared to C1 populations and check cultivars. AMOVA revealed that most of the genetic diversity was among individuals within populations, especially in BASE populations (92.7%). This study demonstrates that individual plants in BASE populations possess high genetic diversity, low interpopulation distances, and minimal inbreeding, characteristics that are essential for base-broadening selection. The populations developed in this project serve as valuable sources of novel alleles for North American alfalfa breeding programs, offering breeders access to diverse, regionally adapted pools for improving various alfalfa traits.

Published
2025
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40. Racial Ideology and Black College Students' Leadership Experiences at a Historically White Institution

Author

Peel, ReChard, Marie, Jakia, and Mitchell, Donald

Abstract

Within this study, we explored the relationship between racial ideology and leadership experiences of Black college student leaders at a historically white institution. Using a phenomenological approach, we sought to delineate the leadership experiences of Black college students as related to their racial identity. We provide evidence that racial ideologies influence the ways Black students express their leadership experiences. We close with recommendations for practice and future research.

Published
2023

41. Do Worn-In Tactical Boots Affect Lower-Extremity Biomechanics During Walking and Running?

Author

Tanner A. Thorsen, Paul T. Donahue, Shelby A. Peel, Lindsey G. Legg, and Scott G. Piland

Subjects
ground reaction force, kinematics, kinetics, gait, Mechanics of engineering. Applied mechanics, TA349-359, Descriptive and experimental mechanics, QC120-168.85
Abstract

Background: Much of the research conducted on tactical-style boots has evaluated the biomechanical effect of boots in brand-new condition; however, the extent to which changes due to wear influence lower-extremity biomechanics remains uninvestigated. The purpose of this study was to compare lower-extremity biomechanics with worn-in boots and running shoes during both walking and running. Methods: Lower-extremity biomechanical parameters were evaluated during walking and running in 12 individuals with previous tactical experience. Participants were asked to complete one 5 min bout of walking and running at a self-selected pace in both self-selected athletic shoes and their own worn-in standard-issue tactical boots while lower-extremity spatiotemporal, joint kinematic, kinetic, and ground reaction force data were collected. Differences between conditions were evaluated using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Spatiotemporal measures of gait, as well as ankle and hip kinematics, were different between shoes and boots during walking. During running, no spatiotemporal differences existed. However, significant differences were found for the ankle, knee, and hip kinematics between shoe and boot conditions during both walking and running. Conclusions: The worn-in boots in our sample performed similarly to running shoes during both walking and running tasks. Though there were several biomechanical differences between boots and shoes during both tasks, small mean differences suggest that these differences may not be large enough to create substantive or relevant changes in performance. This information could aid in developing future tactical boot design strategies to help aid in lower-extremity injury as well as allowing for optimal performance when wearing boots.

Published
2024
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42. Measuring Nature-Based Health Interventions -- A Rapid Review of Instrumentation and Outcomes

Author

Arianne Reis, Tonia Gray, Jeff Mann, Jessica Mallinson, Manisha Katnoria, William Seach, and Nicole Peel

Abstract

Nature-based health interventions (NBHIs) are utilised to treat a range of physical and mental health conditions, and this rapid review sought to describe the breadth of instrumentation utilised to measure the effectiveness of NBHIs on the different domains of health and wellbeing. A total of 14,385 records were extracted from three databases, and a review of titles and abstracts and then of full text resulted in a final dataset of 167 articles that met the review criteria. NBHI settings were categorised as Garden/Horticulture, Blue Spaces, Urban Green Spaces, Wild Nature, and Camps/Residential. For each of these settings, major population groups included in the studies, health domains and outcomes addressed, as well as assessment tools used to measure NBHIs' effectiveness were described and analysed in aggregate. A total of 336 measurement tools were utilised across the dataset, with only 29 being specifically designed to assess NBHIs. Most studies investigated mental health domains and measured the effectiveness of NBHIs to improve psychological factors and physical, behavioural, and healthy eating outcomes. Future research should interrogate how nature-based tools and outcome measurements could be used most effectively in NBHI settings.

Published
2024
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49. Preserving your skies since 1988 -- Committee on Radio Astronomy Frequencies (CRAF) -- Periodic Review 2011-2021

Author

Frequencies, Committee on Radio Astronomy, Winkel, Benjamin, Garrington, Simon, Colomer, Francesco, Madkour, Waleed, Slowikowska, Agnieszka, Bolli, Pietro, Lindqvist, Michael, López-Pérez, José Antonio, Tangen, Leif Morten, Thomas, Ivan, Thomasson, Peter, Witvers, Roel, McCauley, Joe, Bautista, Marta, Bergano, Miguel, Bezrukovs, Vladislavs, Giovanardi, Fabio, Hase, Hayo, Jiricka, Karel, Józsa, Gyula I. G., Kallunki, Juha, Marqué, Christophe, McKay, Derek, Murk, Axel, Pietu, Vincent, Tornatore, Vincenza, Sethole, Busang, Soida, Marian, Sorokin, Boris, Tan, Gie Han, Tiplady, Adrian, Tóth, L. Viktor, Di Vruno, Federico, Wampfler, Susanne, Williams, Andrew, Yerin, Serge, Bray, Justin, Jessner, Axel, Gizani, Nectaria, Monstein, Christian, Peel, Mike, Ferreira, João Salmim, Smith, Harry, Veldes, Giorgios P., and Wolak, Pawel

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Committee on Radio Astronomy Frequencies (CRAF) is an Expert Committee of the European Science Foundation. It aims to provide a cost-effective single voice on frequency protection issues for European radio astronomy observatories and research institutes, achieving a significantly greater impact than that achievable by individual national institutions. By working together, European observatories and institutes can profit from synergy effects, cover many more topics, and learn from each other. CRAF was founded in 1988 and has since then been engaged with the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), in particular its Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R), and the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) and its European Communications Committee (ECC). This is the self-evaluation report prepared by CRAF for its periodic review of the years 2011-2021., Comment: 75 pages

Published
2023

50. Heat Exposure among Adult Women in Rural Tamil Nadu, India.

Author

Deshpande, Aniruddha, Scovronick, Noah, Clasen, Thomas, Waller, Lance, Wang, Jiantong, Aravindalochanan, Vigneswari, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Puttaswamy, Naveen, Peel, Jennifer, and Pillarisetti, Ajay

Subjects
India, exposure assessment, heat, personal monitoring, temperature, Adult, Female, Humans, Cooking, Hot Temperature, India, Rural Population, Temperature
Abstract

Exposure to heat is associated with a substantial burden of disease and is an emerging issue in the context of climate change. Heat is of particular concern in India, which is one of the worlds hottest countries and also most populous, where relatively little is known about personal heat exposure, particularly in rural areas. Here, we leverage data collected as part of a randomized controlled trial to describe personal temperature exposures of adult women (40-79 years of age) in rural Tamil Nadu. We also characterize measurement error in heat exposure assessment by comparing personal exposure measurements to the nearest ambient monitoring stations and to commonly used modeled temperature data products. We find that temperatures differ across individuals in the same area on the same day, sometimes by more than 5 °C within the same hour, and that some individuals experience sharp increases in heat exposure in the early morning or evening, potentially a result of cooking with solid fuels. We find somewhat stronger correlations between the personal exposure measurements and the modeled products than with ambient monitors. We did not find evidence of systematic biases, which indicates that adjusting for discrepancies between different exposure measurement methods is not straightforward.

Published
2024

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