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Background. 2022 – the beginning of Russia’s special military operation in Ukraine, when there were dramatic shifts in political, socio-economic and socio-cultural spheres that affected the entire Russian society and showed significant “margin of safety” both from state in terms of stable and consistent development, and from our fellow citizens demonstrating support for course and growth of patriotic orientations. The purpose of the study is to analyze attitude to some events related to conduct of the special military opera-tion by the most dynamic group, student youth. Materials and methods. Author’s sociologi-cal research among young people, including students of Penza and Saratov (2020–2023) on peculiarities of youth patriotism and survey materials of VTsIOM, FOM and a number of regional studies. Results. Some features of patriotic orientations and patriotic self-identification of student youth, their attitude to the events of 2014 in connection with reuni-fication of Crimea with Russia and 2022 in connection with start and conduct of the special military operation were considered. Conclusions. According to the research, it was revealed that since 2022 there has been increase in patriotic self-identification of student youth, in-cluding its positive relationship with attitude towards political decisions made by the coun-try’s leadership. Young people warmly support the President of the Russian Federation, positively assess decisions made regarding Crimea and new territories. Most of students are neutral on sanctions, as well as positive and neutral on special military operation. Some differences were identified in the estimates of events related to special military operation depending on the age of the respondents.

Purpose of the study. To reveal the relationship between the serum concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor and the structural and functional state of the myocardium in patients in the post-infarction period at the stage of rehabilitation.Materials and methods. We examined 94 patients at the outpatient stage of rehabilitation after ad hoc stenting 6 weeks after myocardial infarction, 10 healthy volunteers without somatic pathology. All participants in the study underwent standard transthoracic echocardiography with assessment of thickness of epicardial fat, assessment of the concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in peripheral blood by ELISA.Results and discussion. VEGF values above the median values were associated with lower left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fraction shortening, which indirectly may indicate a more pronounced expression of VEGF in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Assessing the parameters of LV diastolic dysfunction in groups with different levels of VEGF, no significant differences were found in patients after myocardial infarction. Correlation relationships between the content of VEGF and the thickness of epicardial adipose tissue were not found either among patients or in the control group.Conclusions. Elevated VEGF values in patients with coronary artery disease at the 6th week of rehabilitation were accompanied by left ventricle systolic dysfunction, in contrast to diastolic dysfunction. There was no direct correlation between the thickness of epicardial fat and the concentration of VEGF in the blood serum in patients with coronary artery disease.

Reported in the article is further progress in the development of the novel pulsed detonation gun (PDG) technology for the conversion of organic wastes into syngas in a two-component gasifying agent (GA) containing ultra-superheated steam and carbon dioxide obtained by pulsed detonations of a natural gas–oxygen mixture at a frequency of 1 Hz. Experimental studies were carried out on a waste converter with a 40 dm3 flow reactor and two PDGs with a total volume of 2.4 or 3.2 dm3, which is approximately a factor of 6 and 4.5 less than in previous studies, respectively. The objective of the research was to find the design and operation parameters of the waste converter that provide a minimum amount of CO2 in the gasification products. Waste machine oil was used as a feedstock. It is shown that, compared with the earlier experiments with a higher average temperature of the reactor wall and with a PDG of a much larger volume, the contents of H2, CO, CH4, and CO2 in the syngas remained virtually unchanged, whereas the efficiency of the gasification process increased significantly: the use of 1 g of natural gas made it possible to gasify up to 4 g of the feedstock. It is also shown that the determining role in the gasification process of liquid feedstock is played by the feedstock residence time in the PDG rather than in the reactor. The minimum ratio between the flow rates of the GA and liquid feedstock, the minimum ratio between the flow rates of combustible gas and liquid feedstock, as well as the actual GA consumption in the gasification process are determined experimentally.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a unique biochemical mediator involved in the regulation of vital processes. Light-controllable NO releasers show promise in the development of smart therapies. Here, we present a novel biocompatible material based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) doped with BODIPY derivatives containing an N-nitroso moiety that is capable of the photoinduced generation of NO. We study the green-light-induced NO-release properties with the following three methods: electrochemical gas-phase sensor, liquid-phase sensor, and the Griess assay. Prolonged release of NO from the polymer films after short irradiation by narrow-band LED light sources and a laser beam is demonstrated. Importantly, this was accompanied by no or little release of the parent compound (BODIPY-based photodonor). Silicone films with the capability of controllable and clean NO release can potentially be used as a highly portable NO delivery system for different therapeutic applications.

A promising way to recover spent nuclear fuel (SNF) is the method of extracting transuranium compounds from molten salt, which makes it possible to obtain a partial separation between transuranium compounds and lanthanides. This work is devoted to the quantum mechanical study of changes in the structure, energy and electronic properties of the main SNF component, uranium dioxide, upon the removal of oxygen from the system. The influence of the considered properties on the substitution of uranium by plutonium is also studied at a ratio, of the number of plutonium atoms to uranium atoms, of 1:7 and 1:3. The removal of oxygen leads to a narrowing of the band gap up to the transition to a conductive state at a ratio of uranium to oxygen of 2:3. The band gap narrows and metallization sets in even when uranium is replaced by plutonium. A two-stage UO2 metallization scheme based on lithium reduction and direct (electronic) reduction is proposed.

Relevance and goals. Treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukemia has traditionally been highly intensive and includes induction therapy using cytarabine and anathracyclines. In addition to new opportunities in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia, the problem of toxicity of high-intensity therapy in elderly and young somatically burdened patients is quite acute. International clinical trials of phases I-III demonstrated a combination of high efficacy and acceptable hematological toxicity of combinations of hypomethylating agents and venetoclax in the first line of therapy, as well as in the treatment of resistant forms and relapses of acute myeloid leukemia in the older age group, which contributed to the study of the effectiveness of combinations of hypomethylating agents and venetoclax in the treatment of similar groups of young comorbid patients. In this work, we evaluated the efficiency of a combination of hypomethylating agents and venetoclax and overall and disease-free survival in patients with acute myeloid leukemia in routine practice.Methods. In the period from October 2017 to December 2021 on the basis of the Department of Hematology No. 11 and the Department of Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation No. 56 of the Botkin Hospital (Moscow, Russia) 33 patients with acute myeloid leukemia received venetoclax therapy in combination with decitabine or azacitidine: 14 (42%) men and 19 (58%) women, median age was 60 years (23–83 years). In 42% (14 of 33) of cases, the regimen was prescribed for resistant course or relapse of acute myeloid leukemia and in 61% (20 of 33) as induction therapy. Three patients (15%) out of 19 from the group of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia received this treatment regimen in the first line, taking into account the ECOG status 3-4. By August 2022, 13 (39%) patients are alive, 20 (61%) people have died. Overall survival, the rate of complete remission and complete remission with incomplete recovery, the rate of achieving negativity of minimal residual disease, the frequency of hematological toxicity and infectious complications were assessed. Statistical data processing used: frequency analysis using contingency tables (Fisher's exact test), survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method.Results. Complete remission and complete remission with incomplete recovery were achieved in 72.72% (24 of 33) of patients. In the group of primary acute myeloid leukemia, remissions were observed in 80% (16 out of 20) of cases, in the group with resistant course or recurrence of acute myeloid leukemia in 67% (8 out of 12) (p = 0.3). Determination of minimal residual disease by flow cytometry after the 1st course was performed for 54.54% (18 of 33) patients, while negativity was stated in 84.2% (14 of 18 patients) cases. In both groups, the incidence of hematological toxicity and infectious complications are comparable to those according to the literature data. The median follow-up was 9.5 months (1–47). Median overall survival was 39 months, 2-year overall survival was 63%, and overall 4-year survival was 39%. The disease-free survival rate was 33%.Conclusion. The combination of hypomethylating agents and venetoclax showed good efficacy and fairly high overall survival in patients of all age groups, both for primary acute myeloid leukemia and for relapses and resistant forms, regardless of previous therapy. Given the moderate hematological toxicity, as well as the relatively low rates of infectious complications during therapy, including the rather low mortality rates in case of COVID-19 infection in comparison with those on the background of high-intensity courses of therapy for acute myeloid leukemia, this scheme can be widely used not only in patients of the older age group, but also in young comorbid patients.

Background. Under the influence of the transformations of the Russian society in different spheres of life, there are changes in the motivation, labor value orientations of Russians, including young people. The study of the problems of formation and development of youth labor orientations is particularly relevant, since they determine the orientation and nature of labor strategies and behavior of young people, form the basis of youth potential that can influence the development of the country. The purpose of the study is to analyze the attitude to work and work attitudes of young people in modern conditions. Materials and methods. Based on the materials of the author’s research among Russian youth (2018–2019), a survey of the youth of Penza region (2023), data from other studies, a sociological analysis of the attitude of young people to work was carried out, their work attitudes were revealed. Results. The features of the ongoing changes in the labor market, the problems of employment of modern youth are considered, the state and dynamics of the main labor values of youth in modern conditions, models of labor behavior, attitude to work as a value, the peculiarities of the influence of the current situation in the country on the labor orientations of youth are revealed. Conclusions. The basis of the labor values of modern youth are high wages, career growth and interesting work. In order to get a “good job”, young people need to work with full dedication, have high qualifications and knowledge; the importance of useful connections does not lose its relevance over the years. The ongoing social transformations have an impact on the transformation of labor values and orientations of modern youth.

Background. The active participation of the volunteer movement in the life of society led to an increase in the role of volunteering in the life of society, determined the vector of stabilization of public well-being in the crisis conditions of the development of society. The purpose of the research is to study the transformational processes in Russian volunteering, as well as to analyze the factors that determined their direction. Materials and methods. The implementation of the purpose was achieved on the basis of the classical research methodology: the method of scientific analysis, scientific information retrieval, systematization of research data, as well as in the process of conducting sociological research in the form of a mass survey in 2022 (n = 500). Results. As a result of the study, the assumption about the activation of the volunteer movement in Russia under the influence of factors of socio-economic turbulence was confirmed. The dominant factors of influence on volunteering were identified, and also ranked by gender and age differences of respondents. The opinion of the respondents regarding the formation of a favorable state-political and moral-ideological environment for the development of volunteering was also analyzed. Conclusions. In the context of the destabilization of Russian society, the institution of volunteering takes on the function of enhancing its activities in the face of social challenges and threats. The formation of an institutional environment for the favorable development of volunteering depends both on successful state policy and the formation of a sufficiently mature socio-cultural environment of Russian society.

Introduction. The article analyses the methods for calculating the characteristics of spherical rubber-metal joints. The authors consider a verified calculation model for determining the stiffness characteristics of spherical rubber-metal joints, both single-layer and double-layer.Materials and methods. The researchers used computer modelling and the finite element method to determine the features of the spherical rubber-metal joints. The possibility of neglecting the deformation of the metal parts of the joint for the modelling purposes was substantiated, which enabled to simplify the calculation model. Moreover, the authors proposed the method for measuring the effect of the elastic layer precompression and determined the values of radial stiffness for single-layer and double-layer rubber-metal joints at different hardness of materials, which coincided with the experimental results. Results. As a result, the authors revealed that with a decrease in the thickness of the rubber layer by assessing the rigidity of the joint, its features were significantly affected by the accuracy of setting the Poisson's ratio. A satisfactory convergence of the radial stiffness of the joint found through the modelling and experimental studies was achieved at a Poisson's ratio equal to 0.499999 (the discrepancy is about 5 %, which is less than the technological spread of rigidity during manufacture). The authors also found out that the rigidity of two-layer rubber-metal joints, similar in size and compensatory capacity to those used in the design of domestic locomotives, should be 6.3 times higher than for existing single-layer ones. Such features would reduce the deformation of rubber by loads exsposion during operation and thereby would solve the problems with the reliability of traction motors suspension units.Discussion and conclusion. Due to the fact that the shape of the free surface of the side faces of two-layer rubber-metal joints before assembly should have small radii of the recesses curvature, further research is needed to select the rational geometry of the free surface of the side faces. The researchers got a utility model patent for the proposed design and manufacturing technology of two-layer rubber-metal joints.