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1. Understanding the mechanism and importance of brown carbon bleaching across the visible spectrum in biomass burning plumes from the WE-CAN campaign

Author: Y. Shen, R. P. Pokhrel, A. P. Sullivan, E. J. T. Levin, L. A. Garofalo, D. K. Farmer, W. Permar, L. Hu, D. W. Toohey, T. Campos, E. V. Fischer, and S. M. Murphy
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: Aerosol absorption of visible light has an important impact on global radiative forcing. Wildfires are one of the major sources of light-absorbing aerosol, but there remains significant uncertainty about the magnitude, wavelength dependence, and bleaching of absorption from biomass burning aerosol. We collected and analyzed data from 21 western US wildfire smoke plumes during the 2018 Western Wildfire Experiment for Cloud Chemistry, Aerosol Absorption and Nitrogen (WE-CAN) airborne measurement campaign to determine the contribution of black carbon (BC), brown carbon (BrC), and lensing to the aerosol mass absorption cross section (MAC). Comparison to commonly used parameterizations and modeling studies suggests that model overestimation of absorption is likely due to incorrect BrC refractive indices. Modelers (Wang et al., 2018; Carter et al., 2021) invoke a bleaching process that decreases the MAC of organic aerosol (OA) to offset the overestimation of absorption in models. However, no evidence of a decreasing MAC is observed in individual WE-CAN fire plumes or in aged plumes from multiple fires. A decrease in OA mass and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), both normalized by carbon monoxide (CO) to correct for dilution, is observed with an increasing oxygen-to-carbon (O : C) ratio and a decreasing gas-phase toluene : benzene ratio, when data from all fires are combined in half of the individual fire plumes. This results in a strong decrease in total absorption at 405 nm and a slight decrease at 660 nm with these chemical markers. These results demonstrate that changes in absorption with chemical markers of plume age are the result of decreasing OA rather than changes in the MAC of the organic material itself. While decreasing MAC or OA mass with aging could both be called bleaching and can both correct overestimation of absorption in models, it is important to distinguish between these two effects because decreasing OA mass will also decrease scattering, which will cause a significantly different net radiative effect. We also find that an average of 54 % of non-BC absorption (23 % total absorption) at 660 nm is from water-soluble BrC, confirming that BrC absorption is important across the visible spectrum. Quantification of significant BrC at red wavelengths and observation of bleaching being caused by changes in OA with O : C and toluene : benzene markers of plume age provide important improvements to our understanding of BrC and critical constraints on aerosol absorption in regional and global climate models.
Published: 2024
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2. Constraining emissions of volatile organic compounds from western US wildfires with WE-CAN and FIREX-AQ airborne observations

Author: L. Jin, W. Permar, V. Selimovic, D. Ketcherside, R. J. Yokelson, R. S. Hornbrook, E. C. Apel, I.-T. Ku, J. L. Collett Jr., A. P. Sullivan, D. A. Jaffe, J. R. Pierce, A. Fried, M. M. Coggon, G. I. Gkatzelis, C. Warneke, E. V. Fischer, and L. Hu
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: The impact of biomass burning (BB) on the atmospheric burden of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is highly uncertain. Here we apply the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model (CTM) to constrain BB emissions in the western USA at ∼ 25 km resolution. Across three BB emission inventories widely used in CTMs, the inventory–inventory comparison suggests that the totals of 14 modeled BB VOC emissions in the western USA agree with each other within 30 %–40 %. However, emissions for individual VOCs can differ by a factor of 1–5, driven by the regionally averaged emission ratios (ERs, reflecting both assigned ERs for specific biome and vegetation classifications) across the three inventories. We further evaluate GEOS-Chem simulations with aircraft observations made during WE-CAN (Western Wildfire Experiment for Cloud Chemistry, Aerosol Absorption and Nitrogen) and FIREX-AQ (Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality) field campaigns. Despite being driven by different global BB inventories or applying various injection height assumptions, the model–observation comparison suggests that GEOS-Chem simulations underpredict observed vertical profiles by a factor of 3–7. The model shows small to no bias for most species in low-/no-smoke conditions. We thus attribute the negative model biases mostly to underestimated BB emissions in these inventories. Tripling BB emissions in the model reproduces observed vertical profiles for primary compounds, i.e., CO, propane, benzene, and toluene. However, it shows no to less significant improvements for oxygenated VOCs, particularly for formaldehyde, formic acid, acetic acid, and lumped ≥ C3 aldehydes, suggesting the model is missing secondary sources of these compounds in BB-impacted environments. The underestimation of primary BB emissions in inventories is likely attributable to underpredicted amounts of effective dry matter burned, rather than errors in fire detection, injection height, or ERs, as constrained by aircraft and ground measurements. We cannot rule out potential sub-grid uncertainties (i.e., not being able to fully resolve fire plumes) in the nested GEOS-Chem which could explain the negative model bias partially, though back-of-the-envelope calculation and evaluation using longer-term ground measurements help support the argument of the dry matter burned underestimation. The total ERs of the 14 BB VOCs implemented in GEOS-Chem only account for half of the total 161 measured VOCs (∼ 75 versus 150 ppb ppm−1). This reveals a significant amount of missing reactive organic carbon in widely used BB emission inventories. Considering both uncertainties in effective dry matter burned (× 3) and unmodeled VOCs (× 2), we infer that BB contributed to 10 % in 2019 and 45 % in 2018 (240 and 2040 Gg C) of the total VOC primary emission flux in the western USA during these two fire seasons, compared to only 1 %–10 % in the standard GEOS-Chem.
Published: 2023
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3. Facilitating Socially Just Evidence-Based Practice

Author: Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Midwest & Plains Equity Assistance Center (MAP EAC), Amanda L. Sullivan, and Thuy Nguyen
Abstract: This "Equity Tool" is intended to facilitate use of the concepts and processes described in greater depth in the Equity by Design brief, "Promoting Socially Just Evidence-based Practice." We summarize the framework presented in this brief and offer guiding questions to support educators' preparation for and engagement in equity-based practice (EBP) elements and processes.
Published: 2024

4. Examination of brown carbon absorption from wildfires in the western US during the WE-CAN study

Author: A. P. Sullivan, R. P. Pokhrel, Y. Shen, S. M. Murphy, D. W. Toohey, T. Campos, J. Lindaas, E. V. Fischer, and J. L. Collett Jr.
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: Light absorbing organic carbon, or brown carbon (BrC), can be a significant contributor to the visible light absorption budget. However, the sources of BrC and the contributions of BrC to light absorption are not well understood. Biomass burning is thought to be a major source of BrC. Therefore, as part of the WE-CAN (Western Wildfire Experiment for Cloud Chemistry, Aerosol Absorption and Nitrogen) study, BrC absorption data were collected on board the National Science Foundation/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NSF/NCAR) C-130 aircraft as it intercepted smoke from wildfires in the western US in July–August 2018. BrC absorption measurements were obtained in near real-time using two techniques. The first coupled a particle-into-liquid sampler (PILS) with a liquid waveguide capillary cell and a total organic carbon analyzer for measurements of water-soluble BrC absorption and WSOC (water-soluble organic carbon). The second employed a custom-built photoacoustic aerosol absorption spectrometer (PAS) to measure total absorption at 405 and 660 nm. The PAS BrC absorption at 405 nm (PAS total Abs 405 BrC) was calculated by assuming the absorption determined by the PAS at 660 nm was equivalent to the black carbon (BC) absorption and the BC aerosol absorption Ångström exponent was 1. Data from the PILS and PAS were combined to investigate the water-soluble vs. total BrC absorption at 405 nm in the various wildfire plumes sampled during WE-CAN. WSOC, PILS water-soluble Abs 405, and PAS total Abs 405 tracked each other in and out of the smoke plumes. BrC absorption was correlated with WSOC (R2 value for PAS =0.42 and PILS =0.60) and CO (carbon monoxide) (R2 value for PAS =0.76 and PILS =0.55) for all wildfires sampled. The PILS water-soluble Abs 405 was corrected for the non-water-soluble fraction of the aerosol using the calculated UHSAS (ultra-high-sensitivity aerosol spectrometer) aerosol mass. The corrected PILS water-soluble Abs 405 showed good closure with the PAS total Abs 405 BrC with a factor of ∼1.5 to 2 difference. This difference was explained by particle vs. bulk solution absorption measured by the PAS vs. PILS, respectively, and confirmed by Mie theory calculations. During WE-CAN, ∼ 45 % (ranging from 31 % to 65 %) of the BrC absorption was observed to be due to water-soluble species. The ratio of BrC absorption to WSOC or ΔCO showed no clear dependence on fire dynamics or the time since emission over 9 h.
Published: 2022
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5. Assessment of online water-soluble brown carbon measuring systems for aircraft sampling

Author: L. Zeng, A. P. Sullivan, R. A. Washenfelder, J. Dibb, E. Scheuer, T. L. Campos, J. M. Katich, E. Levin, M. A. Robinson, and R. J. Weber
Subjects: Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract: Brown carbon (BrC) consists of particulate organic species that preferentially absorb light at visible and ultraviolet wavelengths. Ambient studies show that as a component of aerosol particles, BrC affects photochemical reaction rates and regional to global climate. Some organic chromophores are especially toxic, linking BrC to adverse health effects. The lack of direct measurements of BrC has limited our understanding of its prevalence, sources, evolution, and impacts. We describe the first direct, online measurements of water-soluble BrC on research aircraft by three separate instruments. Each instrument measured light absorption over a broad wavelength range using a liquid waveguide capillary cell (LWCC) and grating spectrometer, with particles collected into water by a particle-into-liquid sampler (CSU PILS-LWCC and NOAA PILS-LWCC) or a mist chamber (MC-LWCC). The instruments were deployed on the NSF C-130 aircraft during WE-CAN 2018 as well as the NASA DC-8 and the NOAA Twin Otter aircraft during FIREX-AQ 2019, where they sampled fresh and moderately aged wildfire plumes. Here, we describe the instruments, calibrations, data analysis and corrections for baseline drift and hysteresis. Detection limits (3σ) at 365 nm were 1.53 Mm−1 (MC-LWCC; 2.5 min sampling time), 0.89 Mm−1 (CSU PILS-LWCC; 30 s sampling time), and 0.03 Mm−1 (NOAA PILS-LWCC; 30 s sampling time). Measurement uncertainties were 28 % (MC-LWCC), 12 % (CSU PILS-LWCC), and 11 % (NOAA PILS-LWCC). The MC-LWCC system agreed well with offline measurements from filter samples, with a slope of 0.91 and R2=0.89. Overall, these instruments provide soluble BrC measurements with specificity and geographical coverage that is unavailable by other methods, but their sensitivity and time resolution can be challenging for aircraft studies where large and rapid changes in BrC concentrations may be encountered.
Published: 2021
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6. Explainable AI for Classifying UTI Risk Groups Using a Real-World Linked EHR and Pathology Lab Dataset

Author: Dai, Yujie, Sullivan, Brian, Montout, Axel, Dillon, Amy, Waller, Chris, Acs, Peter, Denholm, Rachel, Williams, Philip, Hay, Alastair D, Santos-Rodriguez, Raul, and Dowsey, Andrew
Subjects: Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract: The use of machine learning and AI on electronic health records (EHRs) holds substantial potential for clinical insight. However, this approach faces significant challenges due to data heterogeneity, sparsity, temporal misalignment, and limited labeled outcomes. In this context, we leverage a linked EHR dataset of approximately one million de-identified individuals from Bristol, North Somerset, and South Gloucestershire, UK, to characterize urinary tract infections (UTIs) and develop predictive models focused on data quality, fairness and transparency. A comprehensive data pre-processing and curation pipeline transforms the raw EHR data into a structured format suitable for AI modeling. Given the limited availability and biases of ground truth UTI outcomes, we introduce a UTI risk estimation framework informed by clinical expertise to estimate UTI risk across individual patient timelines. Using this framework, we built pairwise XGBoost models to differentiate UTI risk categories with explainable AI techniques to identify key predictors while ensuring interpretability. Our findings reveal differences in clinical and demographic factors across risk groups, offering insights into UTI risk stratification and progression. This study demonstrates the added value of AI-driven insights into UTI clinical decision-making while prioritizing interpretability, transparency, and fairness, underscoring the importance of sound data practices in advancing health outcomes.
Published: 2024

7. On turbulence for spacetimes with stable trapping

Author: Benomio, Gabriele, Cárdenas-Avendaño, Alejandro, Pretorius, Frans, and Sullivan, Andrew
Subjects: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Mathematical Physics, Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs
Abstract: Motivated by understanding the nonlinear gravitational dynamics of spacetimes admitting stably trapped null geodesics, such as ultracompact objects and black string solutions to general relativity, we explore the dynamics of nonlinear scalar waves on a simple (fixed) model geometry with stable trapping. More specifically, we consider the time evolution of solutions to the cubic (defocusing) wave equation on a four-dimensional static, spherically symmetric, and asymptotically flat (horizonless) spacetime admitting a stable photon sphere. Our study shows fundamental differences between linear and nonlinear scalar dynamics. The local energy, as well as all local higher-order energies, of solutions to the linear wave equation on our model spacetime can be rigorously proven to remain uniformly bounded and to decay uniformly in time. However, due to the presence of stable trapping, the uniform decay rate is slow. To help elucidate how the slow linear decay affects solutions to the nonlinear wave equation considered, we examine numerical solutions of the latter, restricting to axisymmetric initial data in this work. In contrast to the linear dynamics, we exhibit a family of nonlinear solutions with turbulent behaviour: Within the region of stable trapping, the slow linear decay allows local higher-order energies of the nonlinear solution to grow over the time interval that we numerically evolve, with the growth being induced by a direct energy cascade. As a complement to the numerical analysis, we provide a heuristic argument suggesting that, if a similar behaviour occurs for gravitational wave perturbations of the motivating spacetimes in general relativity, it would likely not generically lead to black hole or singularity formation., Comment: 41 pages, 22 figures. Extended abstract in the paper
Published: 2024

8. Electron Channelling Contrast SEM Imaging of Twist Domains in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Heterostructures

Author: Tillotson, Evan, McHugh, James, Howarth, James, Hashimoto, Teruo, Clark, Nick, Weston, Astrid, Enaldiev, Vladimir, Sullivan-Allsop, Samuel, Thornley, William, Wang, Wendong, Lindley, Matthew, Pollard, Andrew, Falko, Vladimir, Gorbachev, Roman, and Haigh, Sarah J.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract: Twisted 2D material heterostructures provide an exciting platform for investigating new fundamental physical phenomena. Many of the most interesting behaviours emerge at small twist angles, where the materials reconstruct to form areas of perfectly stacked crystal separated by partial dislocations. However, understanding the properties of these systems is often impossible without correlative imaging of their local reconstructed domain architecture, which exhibits random variations due to disorder and contamination. Here we demonstrate a simple and widely accessible route to visualise domains in as-produced twisted transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) heterostructures using electron channelling contrast imaging (ECCI) in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). This non-destructive approach is compatible with conventional substrates and allows domains to be visualised even when sealed beneath an encapsulation layer. Complementary theoretical calculations reveal how a combination of elastic and inelastic scattering leads to contrast inversions at specified detector scattering angles and sample tilts. We demonstrate that optimal domain contrast is therefore achieved by maximising signal collection while avoiding contrast inversion conditions.
Published: 2024

9. Emulating Recombination with Neural Networks using Universal Differential Equations

Author: Pennell, Ben, Li, Zack, and Sullivan, James M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: With an aim towards modeling cosmologies beyond the $\Lambda$CDM paradigm, we demonstrate the automatic construction of recombination history emulators while enforcing a prior of causal dynamics. These methods are particularly useful in the current era of precision cosmology, where extremely constraining datasets provide insights into a cosmological model dominated by unknown contents. Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) data in particular provide a clean glimpse into the interaction of dark matter, baryons, and radiation in the early Universe, but interpretation of this data requires knowledge of the Universe's ionization history. The exploration of new physics with new CMB data will require fast and flexible calculation of this ionization history. We develop a differentiable machine learning model for recombination physics using a neural network ordinary differential equation architecture (Universal Differential Equations, UDEs), building towards automatic dimensionality reduction and the avoidance of manual tuning based on cosmological model., Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, comments welcome
Published: 2024

10. Complexity synchronization analysis of neurophysiological data: Theory and methods

Author: Schizas, Ioannis, Sullivan, Sabrina, Kerick, Scott E., Mahmoodi, Korosh, Bradford, J. Cortney, Boothe, David L., Franaszczuk, Piotr J., Grigolini, Paolo, and West, Bruce J.
Subjects: Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition, Nonlinear Sciences - Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems
Abstract: We apply modified diffusion entropy analysis (MDEA) to assess multifractal dimensions of ON time series (ONTS) and complexity synchronization (CS) analysis to infer information transfer among ONs that are part of a network of organ networks (NoONs). The purpose of this paper is to advance the validation, standardization, and repeatability of MDEA and CS analysis of heterogeneous neurophysiological time series data. Results from processing these datasets show that the complexity of brain, heart, and lung ONTS significantly co-vary over time during cognitive task performance but that certain principles, guidelines, and strategies for the application of MDEA analysis need consideration.
Published: 2024

11. Receiver Noise in Axion Haloscopes

Author: Guzzetti, M., Zhang, D., Goodman, C., Hanretty, C., Sinnis, J., Rosenberg, L. J, Rybka, G., Clarke, John, Siddiqi, I., Chou, A. S., Hollister, M., Knirck, S., Sonnenschein, A., Caligiure, T. J., Gleason, J. R., Hipp, A. T., Sikivie, P., Solano, M. E., Sullivan, N. S., Tanner, D. B., Khatiwada, R., Carosi, G., Du, N., Cisneros, C., Robertson, N., Woollett, N., Duffy, L. D., Boutan, C., Braine, T., Oblath, N. S., Taubman, M. S., Lentz, E., Daw, E. J., Mostyn, C., Perry, M. G., Bartram, C., Dyson, T. A., Kuo, C. L., Ruppert, S., Withers, M. O., Yi, A. K., McAllister, B. T., Buckley, J. H., Gaikwad, C., Hoffman, J., Murch, K., Russell, J., Goryachev, M., Hartman, E., Quiskamp, A., and Tobar, M. E.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Axions are a well-motivated candidate for dark matter. The preeminent method to search for axion dark matter is known as the axion haloscope, which makes use of the conversion of axions to photons in a large magnetic field. Due to the weak coupling of axions to photons however, the expected signal strength is exceptionally small. To increase signal strength, many haloscopes make use of resonant enhancement and high gain amplifiers, while also taking measures to keep receiver noise as low as possible such as the use of dilution refrigerators and ultra low-noise electronics. In this paper we derive the theoretical noise model based on the sources of noise found within a typical axion haloscope receiver chain, using the Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX) as a case study. We present examples of different noise calibration measurements at 1280~MHz using a variable temperature stage with ADMX during its most recent data taking run. The consistency between the measurements and the detailed model provide suggestions for future improvements within ADMX and other axion haloscopes to reach a lower noise temperature and to simplify the receiver chain design.
Published: 2024

12. 3D characterization of reattached flow on an airfoil with finite-span synthetic jet flow control

Author: Machado, Adnan and Sullivan, Pierre E.
Subjects: Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract: This paper synthesizes prior studies to develop a comprehensive three-dimensional description of reattached flow over an airfoil controlled by finite-span SJA arrays. When applied to a longer-span wing, the flow field exhibits three distinct regions: a directly controlled region, an unaffected region, and a transitional zone between them. Through the integration of multiple visualizations and measurements from both discrete and slot-style SJAs, this work provides insights into the shear layer behavior. The analysis of reattached mean flow provides insight into the interactions between controlled and surrounding flows, demonstrating broad applicability across different SJA configurations, Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2024

13. Requirements on the gain calibration for LiteBIRD polarisation data with blind component separation

Author: Carralot, F., Carones, A., Krachmalnicoff, N., Ghigna, T., Novelli, A., Pagano, L., Piacentini, F., Baccigalupi, C., Adak, D., Anand, A., Aumont, J., Azzoni, S., Ballardini, M., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartolo, N., Basak, S., Basyrov, A., Bersanelli, M., Bortolami, M., Brinckmann, T., Cacciotti, F., Campeti, P., Carinos, E., Casas, F. J., Cheung, K., Clermont, L., Columbro, F., Conenna, G., Coppi, G., Coppolecchia, A., Cuttaia, F., de Bernardis, P., De Lucia, M., Della Torre, S., Di Giorgi, E., Diego-Palazuelos, P., Essinger-Hileman, T., Ferreira, E., Finelli, F., Franceschet, C., Galloni, G., Galloway, M., Gervasi, M., Génova-Santos, R. T., Giardiello, S., Gimeno-Amo, C., Gjerløw, E., Gruppuso, A., Hazumi, M., Henrot-Versillé, S., Hergt, L. T., Hivon, E., Ishino, H., Jost, B., Kohri, K., Lamagna, L., Leloup, C., Lembo, M., Levrier, F., Lonappan, A. I., López-Caniego, M., Luzzi, G., Macias-Perez, J., Martínez-González, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matsumura, T., Micheli, S., Monelli, M., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mot, B., Mousset, L., Nagano, Y., Nagata, R., Namikawa, T., Natoli, P., Obata, I., Occhiuzzi, A., Paiella, A., Paoletti, D., Pascual-Cisneros, G., Patanchon, G., Pavlidou, V., Pisano, G., Polenta, G., Porcelli, L., Puglisi, G., Raffuzzi, N., Remazeilles, M., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Ruiz-Granda, M., Sanghavi, J., Scott, D., Shiraishi, M., Sullivan, R. M., Takase, Y., Tassis, K., Terenzi, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Vacher, L., van Tent, B., Vielva, P., Weymann-Despres, G., Wollack, E. J., Zannoni, M., and Zhou, Y.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Future cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments are primarily targeting a detection of the primordial $B$-mode polarisation. The faintness of this signal requires exquisite control of systematic effects which may bias the measurements. In this work, we derive requirements on the relative calibration accuracy of the overall polarisation gain ($\Delta g_\nu$) for LiteBIRD experiment, through the application of the blind Needlet Internal Linear Combination (NILC) foreground-cleaning method. We find that minimum variance techniques, as NILC, are less affected by gain calibration uncertainties than a parametric approach, which requires a proper modelling of these instrumental effects. The tightest constraints are obtained for frequency channels where the CMB signal is relatively brighter (166 GHz channel, $\Delta {g}_\nu \approx 0.16 \%$), while, with a parametric approach, the strictest requirements were on foreground-dominated channels. We then propagate gain calibration uncertainties, corresponding to the derived requirements, into all frequency channels simultaneously. We find that the overall impact on the estimated $r$ is lower than the required budget for LiteBIRD by almost a factor $5$. The adopted procedure to derive requirements assumes a simple Galactic model. We therefore assess the robustness of obtained results against more realistic scenarios by injecting the gain calibration uncertainties, according to the requirements, into LiteBIRD simulated maps and assuming intermediate- and high-complexity sky models. In this case, we employ the so-called Multi-Clustering NILC (MC-NILC) foreground-cleaning pipeline and obtain that the impact of gain calibration uncertainties on $r$ is lower than the LiteBIRD gain systematics budget for the intermediate-complexity sky model. For the high-complexity case, instead, it would be necessary to tighten the requirements by a factor $1.8$., Comment: 29 pages, 11 figures
Published: 2024

14. One-step synthesis of graphene containing topological defects

Author: Klein, Benedikt P., Stoodley, Matthew A., Deyerling, Joel, Rochford, Luke A., Morgan, Dylan B., Hopkinson, David, Sullivan-Allsop, Sam, Eratam, Fulden, Sattler, Lars, Weber, Sebastian M., Hilt, Gerhard, Generalov, Alexander, Preobrajenski, Alexei, Liddy, Thomas, Williams, Leon B. S., Lee, Tien-Lin, Saywell, Alex, Gorbachev, Roman, Haigh, Sarah J., Allen, Christopher, Auwärter, Willi, Maurer, Reinhard J., and Duncan, David A.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract: Chemical vapour deposition enables large-domain growth of ideal graphene, yet many applications of graphene require the controlled inclusion of specific defects. We present a one-step chemical vapour deposition procedure aimed at retaining the precursor topology when incorporated into the grown carbonaceous film. When azupyrene, the molecular analogue of the Stone-Wales defect in graphene, is used as a precursor, carbonaceous monolayers with a range of morphologies are produced as a function of the copper substrate growth temperature. The higher the substrate temperature during deposition, the closer the resulting monolayer is to ideal graphene. Analysis, with a set of complementary materials characterisation techniques, reveals morphological changes closely correlated with changes in the atomic adsorption heights, network topology, and concentration of 5-/7-membered carbon rings. The engineered defective carbon monolayers can be transferred to different substrates, potentially enabling applications in nanoelectronics, sensorics, and catalysis., Comment: manuscript and SI provided
Published: 2024

15. Pipe-Cleaner: Flexible Fuzzing Using Security Policies

Author: Naaktgeboren, Allison, Anderson, Sean Noble, Tolmach, Andrew, and Sullivan, Greg
Subjects: Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Abstract: Fuzzing has proven to be very effective for discovering certain classes of software flaws, but less effective in helping developers process these discoveries. Conventional crash-based fuzzers lack enough information about failures to determine their root causes, or to differentiate between new or known crashes, forcing developers to manually process long, repetitious lists of crash reports. Also, conventional fuzzers typically cannot be configured to detect the variety of bugs developers care about, many of which are not easily converted into crashes. To address these limitations, we propose Pipe-Cleaner, a system for detecting and analyzing C code vulnerabilities using a refined fuzzing approach. Pipe-Cleaner is based on flexible developer-designed security policies enforced by a tag-based runtime reference monitor, which communicates with a policy-aware fuzzer. Developers are able to customize the types of faults the fuzzer detects and the level of detail in fault reports. Adding more detail helps the fuzzer to differentiate new bugs, discard duplicate bugs, and improve the clarity of results for bug triage. We demonstrate the potential of this approach on several heap-related security vulnerabilities, including classic memory safety violations and two novel non-crashing classes outside the reach of conventional fuzzers: leftover secret disclosure, and heap address leaks., Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2024

16. Measurement of the response function of the PIENU calorimeter

Author: Aguilar-Arevalo, A., Aoki, M., Blecher, M., Britton, D. I., Bryman, D. A., Doria, L., Cuen-Rochin, S., Gumplinger, P., Hernandez, I., Hussein, A., Ito, S., Kurchaninov, L., Littenberg, L., Malbrunot, C., Mischke, R. E., Numao, T., Protopopescu, D., Sher, A., Sullivan, T., and Vavilov, D.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Measurements of the response function of the PIENU NaI(T$\ell$) and CsI crystal calorimeter using a monochromatic 70 MeV/c positron beam at various incidence angles are described. The experimental setup and relevant physical processes involved were simulated using Geant4 to reproduce positron energy spectra. Monte Carlo simulations were compared with experimental data across ten calorimeter-beam angles and showed good agreement. This allowed the validation of simulation parameters that were essential for precise measurements of pion decays., Comment: 7 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2024

17. Estuary: A Framework For Building Multimodal Low-Latency Real-Time Socially Interactive Agents

Author: Lin, Spencer, Rizk, Basem, Jun, Miru, Artze, Andy, Sullivan, Caitlin, Mozgai, Sharon, and Fisher, Scott
Subjects: Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, J.0
Abstract: The rise in capability and ubiquity of generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has enabled its application to the field of Socially Interactive Agents (SIAs). Despite rising interest in modern AI-powered components used for real-time SIA research, substantial friction remains due to the absence of a standardized and universal SIA framework. To target this absence, we developed Estuary: a multimodal (text, audio, and soon video) framework which facilitates the development of low-latency, real-time SIAs. Estuary seeks to reduce repeat work between studies and to provide a flexible platform that can be run entirely off-cloud to maximize configurability, controllability, reproducibility of studies, and speed of agent response times. We are able to do this by constructing a robust multimodal framework which incorporates current and future components seamlessly into a modular and interoperable architecture., Comment: To be published in ACM Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA) 2024 [DOI: 10.1145/3652988.3696198] [ACM ISBN: 979-8-4007-0625-7/24/09]
Published: 2024
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18. Ion manipulation from liquid Xe to vacuum: Ba-tagging for a nEXO upgrade and future 0{\nu}\b{eta}\b{eta} experiments

Author: Ray, Dwaipayan, Collister, Robert, Rasiwala, Hussain, Backes, Lucas, Balbuena, Ali V., Brunner, Thomas, Casandjian, Iroise, Chambers, Chris, vitan, Megan, Daniels, Tim, Dilling, Jens, Elmansali, Ryan, Fairbank, William, Fudenberg, Daniel, Gornea, Razvan, Gratta, Giorgio, Iverson, Alec, Kwiatkowski, Anna A., Leach, Kyle G., Lennarz, Annika, Li, Zepeng, Medina-Peregrina, Melissa, Murray, Kevin, Sullivan, Kevin O, Ross, Regan, Shaikh, Raad, Shang, Xiao, Soderstrom, Joseph, Varentsov, Victor, and Yang, Liang
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Neutrinoless double beta decay ($0 \nu \beta \beta$) provides a way to probe physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. The upcoming nEXO experiment will search for $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay in $^{136}$Xe with a projected half-life sensitivity exceeding $10^{28}$ years at the 90\% confidence level using a liquid xenon (LXe) Time Projection Chamber (TPC) filled with 5 tonnes of Xe enriched to $\sim$90\% in the $\beta \beta$-decaying isotope $^{136}$Xe. In parallel, a potential future upgrade to nEXO is being investigated with the aim to further suppress radioactive backgrounds, and to confirm $\beta \beta$-decay events. This technique, known as Ba-tagging, comprises of extracting and identifying the $\beta \beta$-decay daughter $^{136}$Ba ion. One tagging approach being pursued involves extracting a small volume of LXe in the vicinity of a potential $\beta \beta$-decay using a capillary tube and facilitating a liquid to gas phase transition by heating the capillary exit. The Ba ion is then separated from the accompanying Xe gas using a radio-frequency (RF) carpet and RF funnel, conclusively identifying the ion as $^{136}$Ba via laser-fluorescence spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Simultaneously, an accelerator-driven Ba ion source is being developed to validate and optimize this technique. The motivation for the project, the development of the different aspects along with current status and results are discussed here.
Published: 2024

19. Search for gravitational waves emitted from SN 2023ixf

Author: The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, the KAGRA Collaboration, Abac, A. G., Abbott, R., Abouelfettouh, I., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adhicary, S., Adhikari, N., Adhikari, R. X., Adkins, V. K., Agarwal, D., Agathos, M., Abchouyeh, M. Aghaei, Aguiar, O. D., Aguilar, I., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Akutsu, T., Albanesi, S., Alfaidi, R. A., Al-Jodah, A., Alléné, C., Allocca, A., Al-Shammari, S., Altin, P. A., Alvarez-Lopez, S., Amato, A., Amez-Droz, L., Amorosi, A., Amra, C., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Andia, M., Ando, M., Andrade, T., Andres, N., Andrés-Carcasona, M., Andrić, T., Anglin, J., Ansoldi, S., Antelis, J. M., Antier, S., Aoumi, M., Appavuravther, E. Z., Appert, S., Apple, S. K., Arai, K., Araya, A., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Argianas, L., Aritomi, N., Armato, F., Arnaud, N., Arogeti, M., Aronson, S. M., Ashton, G., Aso, Y., Assiduo, M., Melo, S. Assis de Souza, Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Attadio, F., Aubin, F., AultONeal, K., Avallone, G., Babak, S., Badaracco, F., Badger, C., Bae, S., Bagnasco, S., Bagui, E., Baier, J. G., Baiotti, L., Bajpai, R., Baka, T., Ball, M., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Banagiri, S., Banerjee, B., Bankar, D., Baral, P., Barayoga, J. C., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barneo, P., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartoletti, A. M., Barton, M. A., Bartos, I., Basak, S., Basalaev, A., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Bates, D. E., Bawaj, M., Baxi, P., Bayley, J. C., Baylor, A. C., Baynard II, P. A., Bazzan, M., Bedakihale, V. M., Beirnaert, F., Bejger, M., Belardinelli, D., Bell, A. S., Benedetto, V., Benoit, W., Bentley, J. D., Yaala, M. Ben, Bera, S., Berbel, M., Bergamin, F., Berger, B. K., Bernuzzi, S., Beroiz, M., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Beveridge, D., Bevins, N., Bhandare, R., Bhardwaj, U., Bhatt, R., Bhattacharjee, D., Bhaumik, S., Bhowmick, S., Bianchi, A., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Binetti, A., Bini, S., Birnholtz, O., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Bizouard, M. -A., Blackburn, J. K., Blagg, L. A., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Bobba, F., Bode, N., Boileau, G., Boldrini, M., Bolingbroke, G. N., Bolliand, A., Bonavena, L. D., Bondarescu, R., Bondu, F., Bonilla, E., Bonilla, M. S., Bonino, A., Bonnand, R., Booker, P., Borchers, A., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bossilkov, V., Boudart, V., Boudon, A., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Braglia, M., Branch, A., Branchesi, M., Brandt, J., Braun, I., Breschi, M., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brockill, P., Brockmueller, E., Brooks, A. F., Brown, B. C., Brown, D. D., Brozzetti, M. L., Brunett, S., Bruno, G., Bruntz, R., Bryant, J., Bucci, F., Buchanan, J., Bulashenko, O., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Burtnyk, K., Buscicchio, R., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Davies, G. S. Cabourn, Cabras, G., Cabrita, R., Cáceres-Barbosa, V., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Canepa, M., Santoro, G. Caneva, Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Capistran, L. A., Capocasa, E., Capote, E., Carapella, G., Carbognani, F., Carlassara, M., Carlin, J. B., Carpinelli, M., Carrillo, G., Carter, J. J., Carullo, G., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Castro-Lucas, S. Y., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cerdá-Durán, P., Cesarini, E., Chaibi, W., Chakraborty, P., Subrahmanya, S. Chalathadka, Chan, J. C. L., Chan, M., Chandra, K., Chang, R. -J., Chao, S., Charlton, E. L., Charlton, P., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, C., Chatterjee, Debarati, Chatterjee, Deep, Chaturvedi, M., Chaty, S., Chen, A., Chen, A. H. -Y., Chen, D., Chen, H., Chen, H. Y., Chen, J., Chen, K. H., Chen, Y., Chen, Yanbei, Chen, Yitian, Cheng, H. P., Chessa, P., Cheung, H. T., Cheung, S. 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F., Franceschetti, K., Franchini, N., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Mascioli, A. Frattale, Frei, Z., Freise, A., Freitas, O., Frey, R., Frischhertz, W., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fronzé, G. G., Fuentes-Garcia, M., Fujii, S., Fujimori, T., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gadre, B., Gair, J. R., Galaudage, S., Galdi, V., Gallagher, H., Gallardo, S., Gallego, B., Gamba, R., Gamboa, A., Ganapathy, D., Ganguly, A., Garaventa, B., García-Bellido, J., Núñez, C. García, García-Quirós, C., Gardner, J. W., Gardner, K. A., Gargiulo, J., Garron, A., Garufi, F., Gasbarra, C., Gateley, B., Gayathri, V., Gemme, G., Gennai, A., Gennari, V., George, J., George, R., Gerberding, O., Gergely, L., Ghosh, Archisman, Ghosh, Sayantan, Ghosh, Shaon, Ghosh, Shrobana, Ghosh, Suprovo, Ghosh, Tathagata, Giacoppo, L., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Gibson, D. R., Gibson, D. T., Gier, C., Giri, P., Gissi, F., Gkaitatzis, S., Glanzer, J., Glotin, F., Godfrey, J., Godwin, P., Goebbels, N. L., Goetz, E., Golomb, J., Lopez, S. 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P., Palomba, C., Palud, P., Pan, H., Pan, J., Pan, K. C., Panai, R., Panda, P. K., Pandey, S., Panebianco, L., Pang, P. T. H., Pannarale, F., Pannone, K. A., Pant, B. C., Panther, F. H., Paoletti, F., Paolone, A., Papalexakis, E. E., Papalini, L., Papigkiotis, G., Paquis, A., Parisi, A., Park, B. -J., Park, J., Parker, W., Pascale, G., Pascucci, D., Pasqualetti, A., Passaquieti, R., Passenger, L., Passuello, D., Patane, O., Pathak, D., Pathak, M., Patra, A., Patricelli, B., Patron, A. S., Paul, K., Paul, S., Payne, E., Pearce, T., Pedraza, M., Pegna, R., Pele, A., Arellano, F. E. Peña, Penn, S., Penuliar, M. D., Perego, A., Pereira, Z., Perez, J. J., Périgois, C., Perna, G., Perreca, A., Perret, J., Perriès, S., Perry, J. W., Pesios, D., Petracca, S., Petrillo, C., Pfeiffer, H. P., Pham, H., Pham, K. A., Phukon, K. S., Phurailatpam, H., Piarulli, M., Piccari, L., Piccinni, O. J., Pichot, M., Piendibene, M., Piergiovanni, F., Pierini, L., Pierra, G., Pierro, V., Pietrzak, M., Pillas, M., Pilo, F., Pinard, L., Pinto, I. M., Pinto, M., Piotrzkowski, B. J., Pirello, M., Pitkin, M. D., Placidi, A., Placidi, E., Planas, M. L., Plastino, W., Poggiani, R., Polini, E., Pompili, L., Poon, J., Porcelli, E., Porter, E. K., Posnansky, C., Poulton, R., Powell, J., Pracchia, M., Pradhan, B. K., Pradier, T., Prajapati, A. K., Prasai, K., Prasanna, R., Prasia, P., Pratten, G., Principe, G., Principe, M., Prodi, G. A., Prokhorov, L., Prosposito, P., Puecher, A., Pullin, J., Punturo, M., Puppo, P., Pürrer, M., Qi, H., Qin, J., Quéméner, G., Quetschke, V., Quigley, C., Quinonez, P. J., Raab, F. J., Raabith, S. S., Raaijmakers, G., Raja, S., Rajan, C., Rajbhandari, B., Ramirez, K. E., Vidal, F. A. Ramis, Ramos-Buades, A., Rana, D., Ranjan, S., Ransom, K., Rapagnani, P., Ratto, B., Rawat, S., Ray, A., Raymond, V., Razzano, M., Read, J., Payo, M. Recaman, Regimbau, T., Rei, L., Reid, S., Reitze, D. H., Relton, P., Renzini, A. I., Rettegno, P., Revenu, B., Reyes, R., Rezaei, A. S., Ricci, F., Ricci, M., Ricciardone, A., Richardson, J. W., Richardson, M., Rijal, A., Riles, K., Riley, H. K., Rinaldi, S., Rittmeyer, J., Robertson, C., Robinet, F., Robinson, M., Rocchi, A., Rolland, L., Rollins, J. G., Romano, A. E., Romano, R., Romero, A., Romero-Shaw, I. M., Romie, J. H., Ronchini, S., Roocke, T. J., Rosa, L., Rosauer, T. J., Rose, C. A., Rosińska, D., Ross, M. P., Rossello, M., Rowan, S., Roy, S. K., Roy, S., Rozza, D., Ruggi, P., Ruhama, N., Morales, E. Ruiz, Ruiz-Rocha, K., Sachdev, S., Sadecki, T., Sadiq, J., Saffarieh, P., Sah, M. R., Saha, S. S., Saha, S., Sainrat, T., Menon, S. Sajith, Sakai, K., Sakellariadou, M., Sakon, S., Salafia, O. S., Salces-Carcoba, F., Salconi, L., Saleem, M., Salemi, F., Sallé, M., Salvador, S., Sanchez, A., Sanchez, E. J., Sanchez, J. H., Sanchez, L. E., Sanchis-Gual, N., Sanders, J. R., Sänger, E. M., Santoliquido, F., Saravanan, T. R., Sarin, N., Sasaoka, S., Sasli, A., Sassi, P., Sassolas, B., Satari, H., Sato, R., Sato, Y., Sauter, O., Savage, R. L., Sawada, T., Sawant, H. L., Sayah, S., Scacco, V., Schaetzl, D., Scheel, M., Schiebelbein, A., Schiworski, M. G., Schmidt, P., Schmidt, S., Schnabel, R., Schneewind, M., Schofield, R. M. S., Schouteden, K., Schulte, B. W., Schutz, B. F., Schwartz, E., Scialpi, M., Scott, J., Scott, S. M., Seetharamu, T. C., Seglar-Arroyo, M., Sekiguchi, Y., Sellers, D., Sengupta, A. S., Sentenac, D., Seo, E. G., Seo, J. W., Sequino, V., Serra, M., Servignat, G., Sevrin, A., Shaffer, T., Shah, U. S., Shaikh, M. A., Shao, L., Sharma, A. K., Sharma, P., Sharma-Chaudhary, S., Shaw, M. R., Shawhan, P., Shcheblanov, N. S., Sheridan, E., Shikano, Y., Shikauchi, M., Shimode, K., Shinkai, H., Shiota, J., Shoemaker, D. H., Shoemaker, D. M., Short, R. W., ShyamSundar, S., Sider, A., Siegel, H., Sieniawska, M., Sigg, D., Silenzi, L., Simmonds, M., Singer, L. P., Singh, A., Singh, D., Singh, M. K., Singh, S., Singha, A., Sintes, A. M., Sipala, V., Skliris, V., Slagmolen, B. J. J., Slaven-Blair, T. J., Smetana, J., Smith, J. R., Smith, L., Smith, R. J. E., Smith, W. J., Soldateschi, J., Somiya, K., Song, I., Soni, K., Soni, S., Sordini, V., Sorrentino, F., Sorrentino, N., Sotani, H., Soulard, R., Southgate, A., Spagnuolo, V., Spencer, A. P., Spera, M., Spinicelli, P., Spoon, J. B., Sprague, C. A., Srivastava, A. K., Stachurski, F., Steer, D. A., Steinlechner, J., Steinlechner, S., Stergioulas, N., Stevens, P., StPierre, M., Stratta, G., Strong, M. D., Strunk, A., Sturani, R., Stuver, A. L., Suchenek, M., Sudhagar, S., Sueltmann, N., Suleiman, L., Sullivan, K. D., Sun, L., Sunil, S., Suresh, J., Sutton, P. J., Suzuki, T., Suzuki, Y., Swinkels, B. L., Syx, A., Szczepańczyk, M. J., Szewczyk, P., Tacca, M., Tagoshi, H., Tait, S. C., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, R., Takamori, A., Takase, T., Takatani, K., Takeda, H., Takeshita, K., Talbot, C., Tamaki, M., Tamanini, N., Tanabe, D., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, S. J., Tanaka, T., Tang, D., Tanioka, S., Tanner, D. B., Tao, L., Tapia, R. D., Martín, E. N. Tapia San, Tarafder, R., Taranto, C., Taruya, A., Tasson, J. D., Teloi, M., Tenorio, R., Themann, H., Theodoropoulos, A., Thirugnanasambandam, M. P., Thomas, L. M., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thompson, J. E., Thondapu, S. R., Thorne, K. A., Thrane, E., Tissino, J., Tiwari, A., Tiwari, P., Tiwari, S., Tiwari, V., Todd, M. R., Toivonen, A. M., Toland, K., Tolley, A. E., Tomaru, T., Tomita, K., Tomura, T., Tong-Yu, C., Toriyama, A., Toropov, N., Torres-Forné, A., Torrie, C. I., Toscani, M., Melo, I. Tosta e, Tournefier, E., Trapananti, A., Travasso, F., Traylor, G., Trevor, M., Tringali, M. C., Tripathee, A., Troian, G., Troiano, L., Trovato, A., Trozzo, L., Trudeau, R. J., Tsang, T. T. L., Tso, R., Tsuchida, S., Tsukada, L., Tsutsui, T., Turbang, K., Turconi, M., Turski, C., Ubach, H., Uchikata, N., Uchiyama, T., Udall, R. P., Uehara, T., Uematsu, M., Ueno, K., Ueno, S., Undheim, V., Ushiba, T., Vacatello, M., Vahlbruch, H., Vaidya, N., Vajente, G., Vajpeyi, A., Valdes, G., Valencia, J., Valentini, M., Vallejo-Peña, S. A., Vallero, S., Valsan, V., van Bakel, N., van Beuzekom, M., van Dael, M., Brand, J. F. J. van den, Broeck, C. Van Den, Vander-Hyde, D. C., van der Sluys, M., Van de Walle, A., van Dongen, J., Vandra, K., van Haevermaet, H., van Heijningen, J. V., Van Hove, P., VanKeuren, M., Vanosky, J., van Putten, M. H. P. M., van Ranst, Z., van Remortel, N., Vardaro, M., Vargas, A. F., Varghese, J. J., Varma, V., Vasúth, M., Vecchio, A., Vedovato, G., Veitch, J., Veitch, P. J., Venikoudis, S., Venneberg, J., Verdier, P., Verkindt, D., Verma, B., Verma, P., Verma, Y., Vermeulen, S. M., Vetrano, F., Veutro, A., Vibhute, A. M., Viceré, A., Vidyant, S., Viets, A. D., Vijaykumar, A., Vilkha, A., Villa-Ortega, V., Vincent, E. T., Vinet, J. -Y., Viret, S., Virtuoso, A., Vitale, S., Vives, A., Vocca, H., Voigt, D., von Reis, E. R. G., von Wrangel, J. S. A., Vyatchanin, S. P., Wade, L. E., Wade, M., Wagner, K. J., Wajid, A., Walker, M., Wallace, G. S., Wallace, L., Wang, H., Wang, J. Z., Wang, W. H., Wang, Z., Waratkar, G., Warner, J., Was, M., Washimi, T., Washington, N. Y., Watarai, D., Wayt, K. E., Weaver, B. R., Weaver, B., Weaving, C. R., Webster, S. A., Weinert, M., Weinstein, A. J., Weiss, R., Wellmann, F., Wen, L., Weßels, P., Wette, K., Whelan, J. T., Whiting, B. F., Whittle, C., Wildberger, J. B., Wilk, O. S., Wilken, D., Wilkin, A. T., Willadsen, D. J., Willetts, K., Williams, D., Williams, M. J., Williams, N. S., Willis, J. L., Willke, B., Wils, M., Winterflood, J., Wipf, C. C., Woan, G., Woehler, J., Wofford, J. K., Wolfe, N. E., Wong, H. T., Wong, H. W. Y., Wong, I. C. F., Wright, J. L., Wright, M., Wu, C., Wu, D. S., Wu, H., Wuchner, E., Wysocki, D. M., Xu, V. A., Xu, Y., Yadav, N., Yamamoto, H., Yamamoto, K., Yamamoto, T. S., Yamamoto, T., Yamamura, S., Yamazaki, R., Yan, S., Yan, T., Yang, F. W., Yang, F., Yang, K. Z., Yang, Y., Yarbrough, Z., Yasui, H., Yeh, S. -W., Yelikar, A. B., Yin, X., Yokoyama, J., Yokozawa, T., Yoo, J., Yu, H., Yuan, S., Yuzurihara, H., Zadrożny, A., Zanolin, M., Zeeshan, M., Zelenova, T., Zendri, J. -P., Zeoli, M., Zerrad, M., Zevin, M., Zhang, A. C., Zhang, L., Zhang, R., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C., Zhao, Yue, Zhao, Yuhang, Zheng, Y., Zhong, H., Zhou, R., Zhu, X. -J., Zhu, Z. -H., Zimmerman, A. B., Zucker, M. E., and Zweizig, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We present the results of a search for gravitational-wave transients associated with core-collapse supernova SN 2023ixf, which was observed in the galaxy Messier 101 via optical emission on 2023 May 19th, during the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA 15th Engineering Run. We define a five-day on-source window during which an accompanying gravitational-wave signal may have occurred. No gravitational waves have been identified in data when at least two gravitational-wave observatories were operating, which covered $\sim 14\%$ of this five-day window. We report the search detection efficiency for various possible gravitational-wave emission models. Considering the distance to M101 (6.7 Mpc), we derive constraints on the gravitational-wave emission mechanism of core-collapse supernovae across a broad frequency spectrum, ranging from 50 Hz to 2 kHz where we assume the GW emission occurred when coincident data are available in the on-source window. Considering an ellipsoid model for a rotating proto-neutron star, our search is sensitive to gravitational-wave energy $1 \times 10^{-5} M_{\odot} c^2$ and luminosity $4 \times 10^{-5} M_{\odot} c^2/\text{s}$ for a source emitting at 50 Hz. These constraints are around an order of magnitude more stringent than those obtained so far with gravitational-wave data. The constraint on the ellipticity of the proto-neutron star that is formed is as low as $1.04$, at frequencies above $1200$ Hz, surpassing results from SN 2019ejj., Comment: Main paper: 6 pages, 4 figures and 1 table. Total with appendices: 20 pages, 4 figures, and 1 table
Published: 2024

20. Standardizing Generative Face Video Compression using Supplemental Enhancement Information

Author: Chen, Bolin, Ye, Yan, Chen, Jie, Liao, Ru-Ling, Yin, Shanzhi, Wang, Shiqi, Yang, Kaifa, Li, Yue, Xu, Yiling, Wang, Ye-Kui, Gehlot, Shiv, Su, Guan-Ming, Yin, Peng, McCarthy, Sean, and Sullivan, Gary J.
Subjects: Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract: This paper proposes a Generative Face Video Compression (GFVC) approach using Supplemental Enhancement Information (SEI), where a series of compact spatial and temporal representations of a face video signal (i.e., 2D/3D key-points, facial semantics and compact features) can be coded using SEI message and inserted into the coded video bitstream. At the time of writing, the proposed GFVC approach is an official "technology under consideration" (TuC) for standardization by the Joint Video Experts Team (JVET) of ISO/IEC JVT 1/SC 29 and ITU-T SG16. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the JVET work on the proposed SEI-based GFVC approach is the first standardization activity for generative video compression. The proposed SEI approach has not only advanced the reconstruction quality of early-day Model-Based Coding (MBC) via the state-of-the-art generative technique, but also established a new SEI definition for future GFVC applications and deployment. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed SEI-based GFVC approach can achieve remarkable rate-distortion performance compared with the latest Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard, whilst also potentially enabling a wide variety of functionalities including user-specified animation/filtering and metaverse-related applications.
Published: 2024

21. Search for non-virialized axions with 3.3-4.2 $\mu$eV mass at selected resolving powers

Author: Hipp, A. T., Quiskamp, A., Caligiure, T. J., Gleason, J. R., Han, Y., Jois, S., Sikivie, P., Solano, M. E., Sullivan, N. S., Tanner, D. B., Goryachev, M., Hartman, E., Tobar, M. E., McAllister, B. T., Duffy, L. D., Braine, T., Burns, E., Cervantes, R., Crisosto, N., Goodman, C., Guzzetti, M., Hanretty, C., Lee, S., Korandla, H., Leum, G., Mohapatra, P., Nitta, T., Rosenberg, L. J, Rybka, G., Sinnis, J., Zhang, D., Bartram, C., Dyson, T. A., Kuo, C. L., Ruppert, S., Withers, M. O., Awida, M. H., Bowring, D., Chou, A. S., Hollister, M., Knirck, S., Sonnenschein, A., Wester, W., Brodsky, J., Carosi, G., Du, N., Roberston, N., Woollett, N., Boutan, C., Jones, A. M., LaRoque, B. H., Lentz, E., Man, N. E., Oblath, N. S., Taubman, M. S., Yang, J., Khatiwada, R., Clarke, John, Siddiqi, I., Agrawal, A., Dixit, A. V., Daw, E. J., Perry, M. G., Buckley, J. H., Gaikwad, C., Hoffman, J., Murch, K. W., and Russell, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The Axion Dark Matter eXperiment is sensitive to narrow axion flows, given axions compose a fraction of the dark matter with a non-negligible local density. Detecting these low-velocity dispersion flows requires a high spectral resolution and careful attention to the expected signal modulation due to Earth's motion. We report an exclusion on the local axion dark matter density in narrow flows of $\rho_a \gtrsim 0.03\,\mathrm{GeV/cm^3}$ and $\rho_a \gtrsim 0.004\,\mathrm{GeV/cm^3}$ for Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitski and Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov axion-photon couplings, respectively, over the mass range $3.3-4.2\,\mu\text{eV}$. Measurements were made at selected resolving powers to allow for a range of possible velocity dispersions., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2024

22. A search using GEO600 for gravitational waves coincident with fast radio bursts from SGR 1935+2154

Author: The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, the KAGRA Collaboration, Abac, A. G., Abbott, R., Abouelfettouh, I., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adhicary, S., Adhikari, N., Adhikari, R. X., Adkins, V. K., Agarwal, D., Agathos, M., Abchouyeh, M. Aghaei, Aguiar, O. D., Aguilar, I., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Akutsu, T., Albanesi, S., Alfaidi, R. A., Al-Jodah, A., Alléné, C., Allocca, A., Al-Shammari, S., Altin, P. A., Alvarez-Lopez, S., Amato, A., Amez-Droz, L., Amorosi, A., Amra, C., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Andia, M., Ando, M., Andrade, T., Andres, N., Andrés-Carcasona, M., Andrić, T., Anglin, J., Ansoldi, S., Antelis, J. M., Antier, S., Aoumi, M., Appavuravther, E. Z., Appert, S., Apple, S. K., Arai, K., Araya, A., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Argianas, L., Aritomi, N., Armato, F., Arnaud, N., Arogeti, M., Aronson, S. M., Ashton, G., Aso, Y., Assiduo, M., Melo, S. Assis de Souza, Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Attadio, F., Aubin, F., AultONeal, K., Avallone, G., Azrad, D., Babak, S., Badaracco, F., Badger, C., Bae, S., Bagnasco, S., Bagui, E., Baier, J. G., Baiotti, L., Bajpai, R., Baka, T., Ball, M., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Banagiri, S., Banerjee, B., Bankar, D., Baral, P., Barayoga, J. C., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barneo, P., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartoletti, A. M., Barton, M. A., Bartos, I., Basak, S., Basalaev, A., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Bates, D. E., Bawaj, M., Baxi, P., Bayley, J. C., Baylor, A. C., Baynard II, P. A., Bazzan, M., Bedakihale, V. M., Beirnaert, F., Bejger, M., Belardinelli, D., Bell, A. S., Benedetto, V., Benoit, W., Bentley, J. D., Yaala, M. Ben, Bera, S., Berbel, M., Bergamin, F., Berger, B. K., Bernuzzi, S., Beroiz, M., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Beveridge, D., Bevins, N., Bhandare, R., Bhardwaj, U., Bhatt, R., Bhattacharjee, D., Bhaumik, S., Bhowmick, S., Bianchi, A., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Binetti, A., Bini, S., Birnholtz, O., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Bizouard, M. -A., Blackburn, J. K., Blagg, L. A., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Bobba, F., Bode, N., Boileau, G., Boldrini, M., Bolingbroke, G. N., Bolliand, A., Bonavena, L. D., Bondarescu, R., Bondu, F., Bonilla, E., Bonilla, M. S., Bonino, A., Bonnand, R., Booker, P., Borchers, A., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bossilkov, V., Boudart, V., Boudon, A., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Braglia, M., Branch, A., Branchesi, M., Brandt, J., Braun, I., Breschi, M., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brockill, P., Brockmueller, E., Brooks, A. F., Brown, B. C., Brown, D. D., Brozzetti, M. L., Brunett, S., Bruno, G., Bruntz, R., Bryant, J., Bucci, F., Buchanan, J., Bulashenko, O., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Burtnyk, K., Buscicchio, R., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Davies, G. S. Cabourn, Cabras, G., Cabrita, R., Cáceres-Barbosa, V., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Canepa, M., Santoro, G. Caneva, Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Capistran, L. A., Capocasa, E., Capote, E., Carapella, G., Carbognani, F., Carlassara, M., Carlin, J. B., Carpinelli, M., Carrillo, G., Carter, J. J., Carullo, G., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Castro-Lucas, S. Y., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cerdá-Durán, P., Cesarini, E., Chaibi, W., Chakraborty, P., Subrahmanya, S. Chalathadka, Chan, J. C. L., Chan, M., Chandra, K., Chang, R. -J., Chao, S., Charlton, E. L., Charlton, P., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, C., Chatterjee, Debarati, Chatterjee, Deep, Chaturvedi, M., Chaty, S., Chen, A., Chen, A. H. -Y., Chen, D., Chen, H., Chen, H. Y., Chen, J., Chen, K. H., Chen, Y., Chen, Yanbei, Chen, Yitian, Cheng, H. P., Chessa, P., Cheung, H. T., Cheung, S. Y., Chiadini, F., Chiarini, G., Chierici, R., Chincarini, A., Chiofalo, M. L., Chiummo, A., Chou, C., Choudhary, S., Christensen, N., Chua, S. S. Y., Chugh, P., Ciani, G., Ciecielag, P., Cieślar, M., Cifaldi, M., Ciolfi, R., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Clarke, J., Clarke, T. A., Clearwater, P., Clesse, S., Coccia, E., Codazzo, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Colace, S., Colleoni, M., Collette, C. G., Collins, J., Colloms, S., Colombo, A., Colpi, M., Compton, C. M., Connolly, G., Conti, L., Corbitt, T. R., Cordero-Carrión, I., Corezzi, S., Cornish, N. J., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Cottingham, R., Coughlin, M. W., Couineaux, A., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Coupechoux, J. -F., Couvares, P., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, R., Craig, K., Creed, R., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Cremonese, P., Criswell, A. W., Crockett-Gray, J. C. G., Crook, S., Crouch, R., Csizmazia, J., Cudell, J. R., Cullen, T. J., Cumming, A., Cuoco, E., Cusinato, M., Dabadie, P., Canton, T. 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R., Smith, L., Smith, R. J. E., Smith, W. J., Soldateschi, J., Somiya, K., Song, I., Soni, K., Soni, S., Sordini, V., Sorrentino, F., Sorrentino, N., Sotani, H., Soulard, R., Southgate, A., Spagnuolo, V., Spencer, A. P., Spera, M., Spinicelli, P., Spoon, J. B., Sprague, C. A., Srivastava, A. K., Stachurski, F., Steer, D. A., Steinlechner, J., Steinlechner, S., Stergioulas, N., Stevens, P., StPierre, M., Stratta, G., Strong, M. D., Strunk, A., Sturani, R., Stuver, A. L., Suchenek, M., Sudhagar, S., Sueltmann, N., Suleiman, L., Sullivan, K. D., Sun, L., Sunil, S., Suresh, J., Sutton, P. J., Suzuki, T., Suzuki, Y., Swinkels, B. L., Syx, A., Szczepańczyk, M. J., Szewczyk, P., Tacca, M., Tagoshi, H., Tait, S. C., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, R., Takamori, A., Takase, T., Takatani, K., Takeda, H., Takeshita, K., Talbot, C., Tamaki, M., Tamanini, N., Tanabe, D., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, S. J., Tanaka, T., Tang, D., Tanioka, S., Tanner, D. B., Tao, L., Tapia, R. D., Martín, E. N. Tapia San, Tarafder, R., Taranto, C., Taruya, A., Tasson, J. D., Teloi, M., Tenorio, R., Themann, H., Theodoropoulos, A., Thirugnanasambandam, M. P., Thomas, L. M., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thompson, J. E., Thondapu, S. R., Thorne, K. A., Thrane, E., Tissino, J., Tiwari, A., Tiwari, P., Tiwari, S., Tiwari, V., Todd, M. R., Toivonen, A. M., Toland, K., Tolley, A. E., Tomaru, T., Tomita, K., Tomura, T., Tong-Yu, C., Toriyama, A., Toropov, N., Torres-Forné, A., Torrie, C. I., Toscani, M., Melo, I. Tosta e, Tournefier, E., Trapananti, A., Travasso, F., Traylor, G., Trevor, M., Tringali, M. C., Tripathee, A., Troian, G., Troiano, L., Trovato, A., Trozzo, L., Trudeau, R. J., Tsang, T. T. L., Tso, R., Tsuchida, S., Tsukada, L., Tsutsui, T., Turbang, K., Turconi, M., Turski, C., Ubach, H., Uchiyama, T., Udall, R. P., Uehara, T., Uematsu, M., Ueno, K., Ueno, S., Undheim, V., Ushiba, T., Vacatello, M., Vahlbruch, H., Vaidya, N., Vajente, G., Vajpeyi, A., Valdes, G., Valencia, J., Valentini, M., Vallejo-Peña, S. A., Vallero, S., Valsan, V., van Bakel, N., van Beuzekom, M., van Dael, M., Brand, J. F. J. van den, Broeck, C. Van Den, Vander-Hyde, D. C., van der Sluys, M., Van de Walle, A., van Dongen, J., Vandra, K., van Haevermaet, H., van Heijningen, J. V., Van Hove, P., VanKeuren, M., Vanosky, J., van Putten, M. H. P. M., van Ranst, Z., van Remortel, N., Vardaro, M., Vargas, A. F., Varghese, J. J., Varma, V., Vasúth, M., Vecchio, A., Vedovato, G., Veitch, J., Veitch, P. J., Venikoudis, S., Venneberg, J., Verdier, P., Verkindt, D., Verma, B., Verma, P., Verma, Y., Vermeulen, S. M., Vetrano, F., Veutro, A., Vibhute, A. M., Viceré, A., Vidyant, S., Viets, A. D., Vijaykumar, A., Vilkha, A., Villa-Ortega, V., Vincent, E. T., Vinet, J. -Y., Viret, S., Virtuoso, A., Vitale, S., Vives, A., Vocca, H., Voigt, D., von Reis, E. R. G., von Wrangel, J. S. A., Vyatchanin, S. P., Wade, L. E., Wade, M., Wagner, K. J., Wajid, A., Walker, M., Wallace, G. S., Wallace, L., Wang, H., Wang, J. Z., Wang, W. H., Wang, Z., Waratkar, G., Warner, J., Was, M., Washimi, T., Washington, N. Y., Watarai, D., Wayt, K. E., Weaver, B. R., Weaver, B., Weaving, C. R., Webster, S. A., Weinert, M., Weinstein, A. J., Weiss, R., Wellmann, F., Wen, L., Weßels, P., Wette, K., Whelan, J. T., Whiting, B. F., Whittle, C., Wildberger, J. B., Wilk, O. S., Wilken, D., Wilkin, A. T., Willadsen, D. J., Willetts, K., Williams, D., Williams, M. J., Williams, N. S., Willis, J. L., Willke, B., Wils, M., Winterflood, J., Wipf, C. C., Woan, G., Woehler, J., Wofford, J. K., Wolfe, N. E., Wong, H. T., Wong, H. W. Y., Wong, I. C. F., Wright, J. L., Wright, M., Wu, C., Wu, D. S., Wu, H., Wuchner, E., Wysocki, D. M., Xu, V. A., Xu, Y., Yadav, N., Yamamoto, H., Yamamoto, K., Yamamoto, T. S., Yamamoto, T., Yamamura, S., Yamazaki, R., Yan, S., Yan, T., Yang, F. W., Yang, F., Yang, K. Z., Yang, Y., Yarbrough, Z., Yasui, H., Yeh, S. -W., Yelikar, A. B., Yin, X., Yokoyama, J., Yokozawa, T., Yoo, J., Yu, H., Yuan, S., Yuzurihara, H., Zadrożny, A., Zanolin, M., Zeeshan, M., Zelenova, T., Zendri, J. -P., Zeoli, M., Zerrad, M., Zevin, M., Zhang, A. C., Zhang, L., Zhang, R., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C., Zhao, Yue, Zhao, Yuhang, Zheng, Y., Zhong, H., Zhou, R., Zhu, X. -J., Zhu, Z. -H., Zucker, M. E., and Zweizig, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The magnetar SGR 1935+2154 is the only known Galactic source of fast radio bursts (FRBs). FRBs from SGR 1935+2154 were first detected by CHIME/FRB and STARE2 in 2020 April, after the conclusion of the LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA Collaborations' O3 observing run. Here we analyze four periods of gravitational wave (GW) data from the GEO600 detector coincident with four periods of FRB activity detected by CHIME/FRB, as well as X-ray glitches and X-ray bursts detected by NICER and NuSTAR close to the time of one of the FRBs. We do not detect any significant GW emission from any of the events. Instead, using a short-duration GW search (for bursts $\leq$ 1 s) we derive 50\% (90\%) upper limits of $10^{48}$ ($10^{49}$) erg for GWs at 300 Hz and $10^{49}$ ($10^{50}$) erg at 2 kHz, and constrain the GW-to-radio energy ratio to $\leq 10^{14} - 10^{16}$. We also derive upper limits from a long-duration search for bursts with durations between 1 and 10 s. These represent the strictest upper limits on concurrent GW emission from FRBs., Comment: 15 pages of text including references, 4 figures, 5 tables
Published: 2024

23. Real Singlet Scalar Benchmarks in the Multi-TeV Resonance Regime

Author: Lewis, Ian M., Scott, Jacob, Alcaraz, Miguel A. Soto, and Sullivan, Matthew
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: Scalar extensions of the Standard Model are of much interest at the LHC and future colliders. In particular, these models can give rise to resonant di-Higgs production and alter the Higgs trilinear coupling. In this paper, we study di-Higgs production in the Standard Model extended by a real scalar singlet with no additional symmetries. We determine how large the resonant di-Higgs rate and variation in the Higgs trilinear coupling can be in four scenarios: current LHC results and projected results at the HL-LHC, the HL-LHC combined with a circular $e^-e^+$ collider such as the CEPC or FCC-ee, and the HL-LHC combined with a linear $e^-e^+$ collider such as the ILC. While these are updated results from a previous study using current LHC data, we go further and find benchmark points in the multi-TeV resonance regime for future colliders beyond the HL-LHC. Considering current LHC results, the resonant di-Higgs rate can still be an order of magnitude larger than the SM predicted di-Higgs rate. In the HL-LHC scenario, the Higgs trilinear coupling can still be a factor of three larger than the SM prediction for resonance masses in the $1.5-3.5$ TeV range, where resonant searches may have less reach. This enhancement is just at the projected 2$\sigma$ sensitivity of the HL-LHC. We find there are resonance masses for which the change in the Higgs trilinear is maximized while the resonant rate is negligible. We provide an analytical understanding of these effects with a discussion on the interplay of various constraints on the parameter space and the Higgs trilinear coupling., Comment: 25 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2024

24. Constraints on compact objects from the Dark Energy Survey five-year supernova sample

Author: Shah, Paul, Davis, Tamara M., Vincenzi, Maria, Armstrong, Patrick, Brout, Dillon, Camilleri, Ryan, Galbany, Lluis, Garcia-Bellido, Juan, Gill, Mandeep S. S., Lahav, Ofer, Lee, Jason, Lidman, Chris, Moeller, Anais, Sako, Masao, Sanchez, Bruno O., Sullivan, Mark, Whiteway, Lorne, Wiseman, Phillip, Allam, S., Aguena, M., Bocquet, S., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Rosell, A. Carnero, da Costa, L. N., Pereira, M. E. S., Desai, S., Dodelson, S., Doel, P., Ferrero, I., Flaugher, B., Frieman, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Herner, K., Hinton, S. R., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Lee, S., Marshall, J. L., Mena-Fernandez, J., Miquel, R., Myles, J., Palmese, A., Pieres, A., Malagon, A. A. Plazas, Roodman, A., Samuroff, S., Sanchez, E., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., To, C., and Vikram, V.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Gravitational lensing magnification of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) allows information to be obtained about the distribution of matter on small scales. In this paper, we derive limits on the fraction $\alpha$ of the total matter density in compact objects (which comprise stars, stellar remnants, small stellar groupings and primordial black holes) of mass $M > 0.03 M_{\odot}$ over cosmological distances. Using 1,532 SNe Ia from the Dark Energy Survey Year 5 sample (DES-SN5YR) combined with a Bayesian prior for the absolute magnitude $M$, we obtain $\alpha < 0.12$ at the 95\% confidence level after marginalisation over cosmological parameters, lensing due to large-scale structure, and intrinsic non-Gaussianity. Similar results are obtained using priors from the cosmic microwave background, baryon acoustic oscillations and galaxy weak lensing, indicating our results do not depend on the background cosmology. We argue our constraints are likely to be conservative (in the sense of the values we quote being higher than the truth), but discuss scenarios in which they could be weakened by systematics of the order of $\Delta \alpha \sim 0.04$, Comment: Accepted by MNRAS
Published: 2024

25. Role of Duty Cycle in Burst-Modulated Synthetic Jet Flow Control

Author: Machado, Adnan, Shirinzad, Ali, Xu, Kecheng, and Sullivan, Pierre E.
Subjects: Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract: This paper presents an experimental study on flow reattachment over a stalled airfoil using an array of microblowers operating as synthetic jet actuators (SJAs). The effects of burst duty cycle (DC) and blowing ratio, alongside power requirements, are examined in relation to SJA-induced vortical structures and aerodynamic performance. Results show that increasing the DC or blowing ratio can achieve the threshold momentum coefficient required for flow reattachment. While both DC and blowing ratios impact control efficacy, achieving a specific momentum coefficient generally corresponds to a consistent lift coefficient, regardless of the individual parameter values. Substantial lift improvements are observed at DCs as low as 5%, indicating that brief, high-momentum perturbations to the flow are sufficient for reattachment, resulting in significant power savings. However, analysis of the flow dynamics reveals that low-DC control strategies result in unsteady, phase-dependent flow behavior due to the induced vortices' rapid dissipation and inconsistent evolution. Higher DCs produce stronger, more persistent vortices that remain closer to the airfoil surface, leading to a more stable and effective control strategy. The study also highlights the challenge of achieving full spanwise control across the finite-span array, as even high-power strategies could not achieve a control length greater than 40% of the array's span. Additionally, a strong correlation between the lift coefficient and the suction peak pressure coefficient is observed, indicating that single-point measurements suffice for rapid assessment of control effectiveness., Comment: 25 pages, 19 figures
Published: 2024

26. Swift-BAT GUANO follow-up of gravitational-wave triggers in the third LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run

Author: Raman, Gayathri, Ronchini, Samuele, Delaunay, James, Tohuvavohu, Aaron, Kennea, Jamie A., Parsotan, Tyler, Ambrosi, Elena, Bernardini, Maria Grazia, Campana, Sergio, Cusumano, Giancarlo, D'Ai, Antonino, D'Avanzo, Paolo, D'Elia, Valerio, De Pasquale, Massimiliano, Dichiara, Simone, Evans, Phil, Hartmann, Dieter, Kuin, Paul, Melandri, Andrea, O'Brien, Paul, Osborne, Julian P., Page, Kim, Palmer, David M., Sbarufatti, Boris, Tagliaferri, Gianpiero, Troja, Eleonora, Abac, A. G., Abbott, R., Abe, H., Abouelfettouh, I., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adamcewicz, C., Adhicary, S., Adhikari, N., Adhikari, R. X., Adkins, V. K., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agarwal, D., Agathos, M., Aguiar, O. D., Aguilar, I., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Akutsu, T., Albanesi, S., Alfaidi, R. A., Al-Jodah, A., Alléné, C., Allocca, A., Al-Shammari, S., Altin, P. A., Alvarez-Lopez, S., Amato, A., Amez-Droz, L., Amorosi, A., Amra, C., Anand, S., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Andia, M., Ando, M., Andrade, T., Andres, N., Andrés-Carcasona, M., Andrić, T., Anglin, J., Ansoldi, S., Antelis, J. M., Antier, S., Aoumi, M., Appavuravther, E. Z., Appert, S., Apple, S. K., Arai, K., Araya, A., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Aritomi, N., Armato, F., Arnaud, N., Arogeti, M., Aronson, S. M., Ashton, G., Aso, Y., Assiduo, M., Melo, S. Assis de Souza, Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aubin, F., AultONeal, K., Avallone, G., Babak, S., Badaracco, F., Badger, C., Bae, S., Bagnasco, S., Bagui, E., Bai, Y., Baier, J. G., Bajpai, R., Baka, T., Ball, M., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Banagiri, S., Banerjee, B., Bankar, D., Baral, P., Barayoga, J. C., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barneo, P., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Barthelmy, S. D., Barton, M. A., Bartos, I., Basak, S., Basalaev, A., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Bawaj, M., Baxi, P., Bayley, J. C., Baylor, A. C., Bazzan, M., Bécsy, B., Bedakihale, V. M., Beirnaert, F., Bejger, M., Belardinelli, D., Bell, A. S., Benedetto, V., Beniwal, D., Benoit, W., Bentley, J. D., Yaala, M. Ben, Bera, S., Berbel, M., Bergamin, F., Berger, B. K., Bernuzzi, S., Beroiz, M., Berry, C. P. L., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Beveridge, D., Bevins, N., Bhandare, R., Bhardwaj, U., Bhatt, R., Bhattacharjee, D., Bhaumik, S., Bhowmick, S., Bianchi, A., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Binetti, A., Bini, S., Birnholtz, O., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Bizouard, M. -A., Blackburn, J. K., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Bobba, F., Bode, N., Bogaert, G., Boileau, G., Boldrini, M., Bolingbroke, G. N., Bolliand, A., Bonavena, L. D., Bondarescu, R., Bondu, F., Bonilla, E., Bonilla, M. S., Bonino, A., Bonnand, R., Booker, P., Borchers, A., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bossilkov, V., Boudart, V., Boumerdassi, A., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Braglia, M., Branch, A., Branchesi, M., Breschi, M., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brockill, P., Brockmueller, E., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. D., Brozzetti, M. L., Brunett, S., Bruno, G., Bruntz, R., Bryant, J., Bucci, F., Buchanan, J., Bulashenko, O., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Burtnyk, K., Buscicchio, R., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Davies, G. S. Cabourn, Cabras, G., Cabrita, R., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Callaghan, J. D., Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Canepa, M., Santoro, G. Caneva, Cannavacciuolo, M., Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Cao, Z., Capistran, L. A., Capocasa, E., Capote, E., Carapella, G., Carbognani, F., Carlassara, M., Carlin, J. B., Carpinelli, M., Carrillo, G., Carter, J. J., Carullo, G., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Castaldi, G., Castro-Lucas, S. Y., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cerdá-Durán, P., Cesarini, E., Chaibi, W., Chakraborty, P., Subrahmanya, S. Chalathadka, Chan, C., Chan, J. C. L., Chan, K. H. M., Chan, M., Chan, W. L., Chandra, K., Chang, R. -J., Chanial, P., Chao, S., Chapman-Bird, C., Charlton, E. L., Charlton, P., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, C., Chatterjee, Debarati, Chatterjee, Deep, Chaturvedi, M., Chaty, S., Chen, A., Chen, A. H. -Y., Chen, D., Chen, H., Chen, H. Y., Chen, K. H., Chen, X., Chen, Yi-Ru, Chen, Yanbei, Chen, Yitian, Cheng, H. P., Chessa, P., Cheung, H. T., Chia, H. Y., Chiadini, F., Chiang, C., Chiarini, G., Chiba, A., Chiba, R., Chierici, R., Chincarini, A., Chiofalo, M. L., Chiummo, A., Chou, C., Choudhary, S., Christensen, N., Chua, S. S. Y., Chung, K. W., Ciani, G., Ciecielag, P., Cieślar, M., Cifaldi, M., Ciobanu, A. A., Ciolfi, R., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Clarke, T. A., Clearwater, P., Clesse, S., Cleva, F., Coccia, E., Codazzo, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Colleoni, M., Collette, C. G., Collins, J., Colloms, S., Colombo, A., Colpi, M., Compton, C. M., Conti, L., Cooper, S. J., Corbitt, T. R., Cordero-Carrión, I., Corezzi, S., Cornish, N. J., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Cottingham, R., Coughlin, M. W., Couineaux, A., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Coupechoux, J. -F., Cousins, B., Couvares, P., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Craig, K., Creed, R., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Cremonese, P., Criswell, A. W., Crockett-Gray, J. C. G., Croquette, M., Crouch, R., Crowder, S. G., Cudell, J. R., Cullen, T. J., Cumming, A., Cuoco, E., Cusinato, M., Dabadie, P., Canton, T. Dal, Dall'Osso, S., Dálya, G., D'Angelo, B., Danilishin, S., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Darroch, K. E., Dartez, L. P., Dasgupta, A., Datta, S., Dattilo, V., Daumas, A., Davari, N., Dave, I., Davenport, A., Davier, M., Davies, T. F., Davis, D., Davis, L., Davis, M. C., Daw, E. J., Dax, M., De Bolle, J., Deenadayalan, M., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Deléglise, S., Del Favero, V., De Lillo, F., Dell'Aquila, D., Del Pozzo, W., De Marco, F., De Matteis, F., D'Emilio, V., Demos, N., Dent, T., Depasse, A., DePergola, N., De Pietri, R., De Rosa, R., De Rossi, C., De Simone, R., Dhani, A., Dhurandhar, S., Diab, R., Díaz, M. C., Di Cesare, M., Dideron, G., Didio, N. A., Dietrich, T., Di Fiore, L., Di Fronzo, C., Di Giovanni, F., Di Giovanni, M., Di Girolamo, T., Diksha, D., Di Michele, A., Ding, J., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Renzo, F., Divyajyoti, Dmitriev, A., Doctor, Z., Dohmen, E., Doleva, P. P., Donahue, L., D'Onofrio, L., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Dooney, T., Doravari, S., Dorosh, O., Drago, M., Driggers, J. C., Drori, Y., Ducoin, J. -G., Dunn, L., Dupletsa, U., D'Urso, D., Duval, H., Duverne, P. -A., Dwyer, S. E., Eassa, C., Ebersold, M., Eckhardt, T., Eddolls, G., Edelman, B., Edo, T. B., Edy, O., Effler, A., Eichholz, J., Einsle, H., Eisenmann, M., Eisenstein, R. A., Ejlli, A., Emma, M., Engelby, E., Engl, A. J., Errico, L., Essick, R. C., Estellés, H., Estevez, D., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evstafyeva, T., Ewing, B. E., Ezquiaga, J. M., Fabrizi, F., Faedi, F., Fafone, V., Fairhurst, S., Fan, P. C., Farah, A. M., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Favaro, G., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fazio, M., Feicht, J., Fejer, M. M., Fenyvesi, E., Ferguson, D. L., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, T. A., Fidecaro, F., Fiori, A., Fiori, I., Fishbach, M., Fisher, R. P., Fittipaldi, R., Fiumara, V., Flaminio, R., Fleischer, S. M., Fleming, L. S., Floden, E., Foley, E. M., Fong, H., Font, J. A., Fornal, B., Forsyth, P. W. F., Franceschetti, K., Franchini, N., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Mascioli, A. Frattale, Frei, Z., Freise, A., Freitas, O., Frey, R., Frischhertz, W., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fronzé, G. G., Fuentes-Garcia, M., Fujii, S., Fukunaga, I., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gabella, W. E., Gadre, B., Gair, J. R., Galaudage, S., Gallardo, S., Gallego, B., Gamba, R., Gamboa, A., Ganapathy, D., Ganguly, A., Gaonkar, S. G., Garaventa, B., Garcia-Bellido, J., García-Núñez, C., García-Quirós, C., Gardner, J. W., Gardner, K. A., Gargiulo, J., Garron, A., Garufi, F., Gasbarra, C., Gateley, B., Gayathri, V., Gemme, G., Gennai, A., George, J., George, R., Gerberding, O., Gergely, L., Ghadiri, N., Ghosh, Archisman, Ghosh, Shaon, Ghosh, Shrobana, Ghosh, Suprovo, Ghosh, Tathagata, Giacoppo, L., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Gibson, D. R., Gibson, D. T., Gier, C., Giri, P., Gissi, F., Gkaitatzis, S., Glanzer, J., Gleckl, A. E., Glotin, F., Godfrey, J., Godwin, P., Goebbels, N. L., Goetz, E., Golomb, J., Lopez, S. Gomez, Goncharov, B., González, G., Goodarzi, P., Goodwin-Jones, A. W., Gosselin, M., Göttel, A. S., Gouaty, R., Gould, D. W., Goyal, S., Grace, B., Grado, A., Graham, V., Granados, A. E., Granata, M., Granata, V., Argianas, L. Granda, Gras, S., Grassia, P., Gray, C., Gray, R., Greco, G., Green, A. C., Green, S. M., Green, S. R., Gretarsson, A. M., Gretarsson, E. M., Griffith, D., Griffiths, W. L., Griggs, H. L., Grignani, G., Grimaldi, A., Grimaud, C., Grote, H., Gruson, A. S., Guerra, D., Guetta, D., Guidi, G. M., Guimaraes, A. R., Gulati, H. K., Gulminelli, F., Gunny, A. M., Guo, H., Guo, W., Guo, Y., Gupta, Anchal, Gupta, Anuradha, Gupta, Ish, Gupta, N. C., Gupta, P., Gupta, S. K., Gupta, T., Gupte, N., Gurav, R., Gurs, J., Gutierrez, N., Guzman, F., Haba, D., Haberland, M., Haegel, L., Hain, G., Haino, S., Hall, E. D., Hamilton, E. Z., Hammond, G., Han, W. -B., Haney, M., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hannam, M. D., Hannuksela, O. A., Hanselman, A. G., Hansen, H., Hanson, J., Harada, R., Harder, T., Haris, K., Harmark, T., Harms, J., Harry, G. M., Harry, I. W., Haskell, B., Haster, C. -J., Hathaway, J. S., Haughian, K., Hayakawa, H., Hayama, K., Healy, J., Heffernan, A., Heidmann, A., Heintze, M. 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R., JaberianHamedan, V., Jacquet, P. -E., Jadhav, S. J., Jadhav, S. P., Jain, T., James, A. L., James, P. A., Jamshidi, R., Jan, A. Z., Jani, K., Janiurek, L., Janquart, J., Janssens, K., Janthalur, N. N., Jaraba, S., Jaranowski, P., Jasal, P., Jaume, R., Javed, W., Jennings, A., Jia, W., Jiang, J., Jin, H. -B., Johansmeyer, K., Johns, G. R., Johnson, N. A., Johnston, R., Johny, N., Jones, D. H., Jones, D. I., Jones, R., Jose, S., Joshi, P., Ju, L., Jung, K., Junker, J., Juste, V., Kajita, T., Kalaghatgi, C., Kalogera, V., Kamiizumi, M., Kanda, N., Kandhasamy, S., Kang, G., Kanner, J. B., Kapadia, S. J., Kapasi, D. P., Karat, S., Karathanasis, C., Karki, S., Kashyap, R., Kasprzack, M., Kastaun, W., Kato, J., Kato, T., Katsanevas, S., Katsavounidis, E., Katzman, W., Kaur, T., Kaushik, R., Kawabe, K., Keitel, D., Kelley-Derzon, J., Kennington, J., Kesharwani, R., Key, J. S., Khadka, S., Khalili, F. Y., Khan, F., Khan, I., Khanam, T., Khazanov, E. A., Khursheed, M., Kiendrebeogo, W., Kijbunchoo, N., Kim, C., Kim, J. C., Kim, K., Kim, M. H., Kim, S., Kim, W. S., Kim, Y. -M., Kimball, C., Kimura, N., Kinley-Hanlon, M., Kinnear, M., Kissel, J. S., Kiyota, T., Klimenko, S., Klinger, T., Knee, A. M., Knust, N., Koch, P., Koehlenbeck, S. M., Koekoek, G., Kohri, K., Kokeyama, K., Koley, S., Kolitsidou, P., Kolstein, M., Komori, K., Kong, A. K. H., Kontos, A., Korobko, M., Kossak, R. V., Kou, X., Koushik, A., Kouvatsos, N., Kovalam, M., Koyama, N., Kozak, D. B., Kranzhoff, S. L., Kringel, V., Krishnendu, N. V., Królak, A., Kuehn, G., Kuijer, P., Kulkarni, S., Ramamohan, A. Kulur, Kumar, A., Kumar, Praveen, Kumar, Prayush, Kumar, Rahul, Kumar, Rakesh, Kume, J., Kuns, K., Kuroyanagi, S., Kuwahara, S., Kwak, K., Kwan, K., Lacaille, G., Lagabbe, P., Laghi, D., Lai, S., Laity, A. H., Lakkis, M. H., Lalande, E., Lalleman, M., Landry, M., Lane, B. B., Lang, R. N., Lange, J., Lantz, B., La Rana, A., La Rosa, I., Lartaux-Vollard, A., Lasky, P. 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O., Macquet, A., Macri, D., Maeda, K., Maenaut, S., Hernandez, I. Magaña, Magare, S. S., Magazzù, C., Magee, R. M., Maggio, E., Maggiore, R., Magnozzi, M., Mahesh, M., Mahesh, S., Maini, M., Majhi, S., Majorana, E., Makarem, C. N., Malaquias-Reis, J. A., Maliakal, S., Malik, A., Man, N., Mandic, V., Mangano, V., Mannix, B., Mansell, G. L., Manske, M., Mantovani, M., Mapelli, M., Marchesoni, F., Pina, D. Marín, Marion, F., Márka, S., Márka, Z., Markakis, C., Markosyan, A. S., Markowitz, A., Maros, E., Marquina, A., Marsat, S., Martelli, F., Martin, I. W., Martin, R. M., Martinez, B. B., Martinez, M., Martinez, V., Martini, A., Martinovic, K., Martins, J. C., Martynov, D. V., Marx, E. J., Massaro, L., Masserot, A., Masso-Reid, M., Mastrodicasa, M., Mastrogiovanni, S., Mateu-Lucena, M., Matiushechkina, M., Matsuyama, M., Mavalvala, N., Maxwell, N., McCarrol, G., McCarthy, R., McClelland, D. E., McCormick, S., McCuller, L., McGhee, G. I., McGowan, K. B. M., Mchedlidze, M., McIsaac, C., McIver, J., McKinney, K., McLeod, A., McRae, T., McWilliams, S. T., Meacher, D., Mehta, A. K., Meijer, Q., Melatos, A., Mellaerts, S., Menendez-Vazquez, A., Menoni, C. S., Mercer, R. A., Mereni, L., Merfeld, K., Merilh, E. L., Mérou, J. R., Merritt, J. D., Merzougui, M., Messenger, C., Messick, C., Meyer-Conde, M., Meylahn, F., Mhaske, A., Miani, A., Miao, H., Michaloliakos, I., Michel, C., Michimura, Y., Middleton, H., Miller, A. L., Miller, S., Millhouse, M., Milotti, E., Minenkov, Y., Mio, N., Mir, Ll. M., Mirasola, L., Miravet-Tenés, M., Miritescu, C. -A., Mishra, A. K., Mishra, A., Mishra, C., Mishra, T., Mitchell, A. L., Mitchell, J. G., Mitra, S., Mitrofanov, V. P., Mitselmakher, G., Mittleman, R., Miyakawa, O., Miyamoto, S., Miyoki, S., Mo, G., Mobilia, L., Modafferi, L. M., Mohapatra, S. R. P., Mohite, S. R., Molina-Ruiz, M., Mondal, C., Mondin, M., Montani, M., Moore, C. J., Morales, M., Moraru, D., Morawski, F., More, A., More, S., Moreno, C., Moreno, G., Morisaki, S., Moriwaki, Y., Morras, G., Moscatello, A., Mourier, P., Mours, B., Mow-Lowry, C. M., Mozzon, S., Muciaccia, F., Mukherjee, D., Mukherjee, Samanwaya, Mukherjee, Soma, Mukherjee, Subroto, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Mukund, N., Mullavey, A., Munch, J., Mungioli, C. L., Munn, M., Oberg, W. R. Munn, Murakoshi, M., Murray, P. G., Muusse, S., Nadji, S. L., Nagar, A., Nagarajan, N., Nagler, K. N., Nakamura, K., Nakano, H., Nakano, M., Nandi, D., Napolano, V., Narayan, P., Nardecchia, I., Narola, H., Naticchioni, L., Nayak, R. K., Neil, B. F., Neilson, J., Nelson, A., Nelson, T. J. N., Nery, M., Neunzert, A., Ng, S., Nguyen, C., Nguyen, P., Quynh, L. Nguyen, Nichols, S. A., Nielsen, A. B., Nieradka, G., Niko, A., Nishino, Y., Nishizawa, A., Nissanke, S., Nitoglia, E., Niu, W., Nocera, F., Norman, M., North, C., Novak, J., Siles, J. F. Nuño, Nurbek, G., Nuttall, L. 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C., Seglar-Arroyo, M., Sekiguchi, Y., Sellers, D., Sengupta, A. S., Sentenac, D., Seo, E. G., Seo, J. W., Sequino, V., Sergeev, A., Serra, M., Servignat, G., Setyawati, Y., Shaffer, T., Shah, U. S., Shahriar, M. S., Shaikh, M. A., Shams, B., Shao, L., Sharma, A. K., Sharma, P., Sharma-Chaudhary, S., Shawhan, P., Shcheblanov, N. S., Shen, B., Shikano, Y., Shikauchi, M., Shimode, K., Shinkai, H., Shiota, J., Shoemaker, D. H., Shoemaker, D. M., Short, R. W., ShyamSundar, S., Sider, A., Siegel, H., Sieniawska, M., Sigg, D., Silenzi, L., Simmonds, M., Singer, L. P., Singh, A., Singh, D., Singh, M. K., Singha, A., Sintes, A. M., Sipala, V., Skliris, V., Slagmolen, B. J. J., Slaven-Blair, T. J., Smetana, J., Smith, J. R., Smith, L., Smith, R. J. E., Smith, W. J., Soldateschi, J., Somala, S. N., Somiya, K., Soni, K., Soni, S., Sordini, V., Sorrentino, F., Sorrentino, N., Soulard, R., Souradeep, T., Southgate, A., Sowell, E., Spagnuolo, V., Spencer, A. P., Spera, M., Spinicelli, P., Srivastava, A. K., Stachurski, F., Steer, D. A., Steinlechner, J., Steinlechner, S., Stergioulas, N., Stevens, P., StPierre, M., Strang, L. C., Stratta, G., Strong, M. D., Strunk, A., Sturani, R., Stuver, A. L., Suchenek, M., Sudhagar, S., Sueltmann, N., Sullivan, A. G., Sullivan, K. D., Sun, L., Sunil, S., Sur, A., Suresh, J., Sutton, P. J., Suzuki, Takamasa, Suzuki, Takanori, Swinkels, B. L., Syx, A., Szczepańczyk, M. J., Szewczyk, P., Tacca, M., Tagoshi, H., Tait, S. C., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, R., Takamori, A., Takatani, K., Takeda, H., Takeda, M., Talbot, C. J., Talbot, C., Tamaki, M., Tamanini, N., Tanabe, D., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, S. J., Tanaka, T., Tanasijczuk, A. J., Tang, D., Tanioka, S., Tanner, D. B., Tao, L., Tapia, R. D., Martín, E. N. Tapia San, Tarafder, R., Taranto, C., Taruya, A., Tasson, J. D., Teloi, M., Tenorio, R., Themann, H., Theodoropoulos, A., Thirugnanasambandam, M. P., Thomas, L. M., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thompson, J. E., Thondapu, S. R., Thorne, K. A., Thrane, E., Tissino, J., Tiwari, A., Tiwari, Shubhanshu, Tiwari, Srishti, Tiwari, V., Todd, M. R., Toivonen, A. M., Toland, K., Tolley, A. E., Tomaru, T., Tomita, K., Tomura, T., Tong-Yu, C., Toriyama, A., Toropov, N., Torres-Forné, A., Torrie, C. I., Toscani, M., Melo, I. Tosta e, Tournefier, E., Trani, A. A., Trapananti, A., Travasso, F., Traylor, G., Trenado, J., Trevor, M., Tringali, M. C., Tripathee, A., Troiano, L., Trovato, A., Trozzo, L., Trudeau, R. J., Tsang, T. T. L., Tso, R., Tsuchida, S., Tsukada, L., Tsutsui, T., Turbang, K., Turconi, M., Turski, C., Ubach, H., Ubhi, A. S., Uchikata, N., Uchiyama, T., Udall, R. P., Uehara, T., Ueno, K., Unnikrishnan, C. S., Ushiba, T., Utina, A., Vacatello, M., Vahlbruch, H., Vaidya, N., Vajente, G., Vajpeyi, A., Valdes, G., Valencia, J., Valentini, M., Vallejo-Peña, S. A., Vallero, S., Valsan, V., van Bakel, N., van Beuzekom, M., van Dael, M., Brand, J. F. J. van den, Broeck, C. Van Den, Vander-Hyde, D. C., van der Sluys, M., Van de Walle, A., van Dongen, J., Vandra, K., van Haevermaet, H., van Heijningen, J. V., Vanosky, J., van Putten, M. H. P. M., van Ranst, Z., van Remortel, N., Vardaro, M., Vargas, A. F., Varma, V., Vasúth, M., Vecchio, A., Vedovato, G., Veitch, J., Veitch, P. J., Venikoudis, S., Venneberg, J., Verdier, P., Verkindt, D., Verma, B., Verma, P., Verma, Y., Vermeulen, S. M., Veske, D., Vetrano, F., Veutro, A., Vibhute, A. M., Viceré, A., Vidyant, S., Viets, A. D., Vijaykumar, A., Vilkha, A., Villa-Ortega, V., Vincent, E. T., Vinet, J. -Y., Viret, S., Virtuoso, A., Vitale, S., Vocca, H., Voigt, D., von Reis, E. R. G., von Wrangel, J. S. A., Vyatchanin, S. P., Wade, L. E., Wade, M., Wagner, K. J., Walet, R. C., Walker, M., Wallace, G. S., Wallace, L., Wang, H., Wang, J. Z., Wang, W. H., Wang, Z., Waratkar, G., Ward, R. L., Warner, J., Was, M., Washimi, T., Washington, N. Y., Watarai, D., Wayt, K. E., Weaver, B., Weaving, C. R., Webster, S. 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C., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, R., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C., Zhao, Yue, Zhao, Yuhang, Zheng, Y., Zhong, H., Zhong, S., Zhou, R., Zhu, Z. -H., Zimmerman, A. B., Zucker, M. E., and Zweizig, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: We present results from a search for X-ray/gamma-ray counterparts of gravitational-wave (GW) candidates from the third observing run (O3) of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) network using the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (Swift-BAT). The search includes 636 GW candidates received in low latency, 86 of which have been confirmed by the offline analysis and included in the third cumulative Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalogs (GWTC-3). Targeted searches were carried out on the entire GW sample using the maximum--likelihood NITRATES pipeline on the BAT data made available via the GUANO infrastructure. We do not detect any significant electromagnetic emission that is temporally and spatially coincident with any of the GW candidates. We report flux upper limits in the 15-350 keV band as a function of sky position for all the catalog candidates. For GW candidates where the Swift-BAT false alarm rate is less than 10$^{-3}$ Hz, we compute the GW--BAT joint false alarm rate. Finally, the derived Swift-BAT upper limits are used to infer constraints on the putative electromagnetic emission associated with binary black hole mergers., Comment: 50 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables
Published: 2024

27. Formative Assessment: Strategies for a High School Mathematics Class

Author: Suzanne Sullivan
Abstract: Formative assessment has become a focus of classroom teachers as a quick method to assess students' progress in their classrooms. For students to be prepared for summative assessments, it is important to separate the traditional forms of summative assessment from the everyday practice and feedback that is formative assessment. Mathematics teachers can modify current classroom processes to meet the qualities of true formative assessment and, in the process, improve student learning through engagement.
Published: 2024

28. Do Practice Style Traits of Physical Therapists Explain Practice Behaviors and Knowledge Translation?

Author: Kristen Johnson, Annie Burke-Doe, and Jane E. Sullivan
Abstract: Background: Evidence-based practice (EBP) is supported by the appropriate use of standardized outcome measures (OMs). Continuing education (CE) is a common method for translation of OMs knowledge to practice. However, little is known about the attitudes and behaviors of physical therapists regarding CE and knowledge translation (KT) of OMs. Purpose: To determine physical therapists' practice style traits (PSTs) and compare these to attitudes, knowledge, behaviors, and barriers for KT. Subjects and Methods: Seventy-nine physical therapists who attended a CE course on OMs completed two standardized surveys. The Practice Style Questionnaire (PSQ) categorizes responses on three theoretical constructs: 1. how clinician weighs research evidence versus experience, 2. their degree of comfort in clinical practice, and 3. how evidence impacts their workload. The EBP Questionnaire (EBPQ) items are grouped into four domains: attitude, knowledge, behavior, and barriers. Results: On the PSQ, 28% of subjects were categorized as "seekers" of evidence, 49% were "pragmatists," and 23% were "receptives." PSTs scores were compared to the four domains of the EBPQ. Behavior was the only domain found to be significant between traits (p = 0.00). Seekers were significantly different from both the pragmatists and receptives in their behaviors, however pragmatists and receptives did not differ. Discussion and Conclusion: Assessing PSTs may help tailor KT interventions. Since nearly half of clinicians are pragmatists, it may be helpful to target KT interventions to this group, while considering the needs of other styles.
Published: 2024

29. Adolescents' Subjective Well-Being: The Unique Contribution of Fathers

Author: Colleen S. Walsh, Wendy Kliewer, and Terri N. Sullivan
Abstract: Background: Caregiver relationships are associated with adolescent subjective well-being. Yet, little is known about the contributions of father-adolescent relationship quality to well-being including perseverance, connectedness, and happiness or the specific contributions of father-adolescent relationship quality to these outcomes after accounting for covariates. Objective: This study aimed to understand how father-adolescent relationships and school connectedness interact with one another when positive adolescent functioning are the outcomes. Methods: Adolescents (N = 2,509; M[subscript age] = 15.5; 51.8% male; Black and African American (47.9%), Hispanic (24.8%), and white (17.7%) participating in the FFCWBS provided cross-sectional data. A series of hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine direct associations between father-adolescent relationship quality and each of the three adolescent subjective well-being outcomes (perseverance, connectedness, and happiness), and to evaluate the moderating role of adolescent biological sex in these associations. Covariates included race, household income, father's residential status, the adolescent's relationship with the mother and school connectedness. Results: Regressions showed that father-adolescent relationship quality was significantly associated with each well-being outcome beyond the contributions of demographics, mother-adolescent relationships, and school connectedness, and had similar associations with the outcomes by sex. Conclusions: Our conclusions highlight the priority of including and retaining fathers in research and interventions.
Published: 2024
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30. Parental Communicative Input as a Protective Factor in Bangladeshi Families Living in Poverty: A Multi-Dimensional Perspective

Author: Ran Wei, Eileen F. Sullivan, Fatema Begum, Navin Rahman, Fahmida Tofail, Rashidul Haque, and Charles A. Nelson
Abstract: Studies from high-income populations have shown that stimulating, supportive communicative input from parents promote children's cognitive and language development. However, fewer studies have identified specific features of input supporting the healthy development of children growing up in low- or middle-income countries. The current study proposes and tests a multi-dimensional framework for understanding whether and how caregiver communicative input mediates the associations between socio-economic conditions and early development. We also examine how caregiver conceptual scaffolding and autonomy support uniquely and synergistically explain variation in child outcomes. Participants were 71 Bangladeshi families with five-year-olds who were exposed to a range of biological and psychosocial hazards from birth. Caregiver-child interactions during snack sharing and semi-structured play were coded for caregiver conceptual scaffolding, autonomy support, and child engagement. Findings indicate that the two dimensions of input were correlated, suggesting that caregivers who provided richer conceptual scaffolds were simultaneously more supportive of children's autonomy. Notably, conceptual scaffolding and autonomy support each mediated associations between maternal education and child verbal intelligence quotient (IQ) scores. Further, caregivers who supported greater autonomy in their children had children who participated in conversations more actively, and these children in turn had higher performance IQ scores. When considered simultaneously, conceptual scaffolding was associated with verbal IQ over and above autonomy support, whereas autonomy support related to child engagement, controlling for conceptual scaffolding. These findings shed new light on how environmental factors may support early development, contributing to the design of family-centered, culturally authentic interventions. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://youtu.be/9v_8sIv7ako
Published: 2024
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31. Relations between Violence Exposure and Gun Carriage: Identifying Protective Factors among African American Youth Living in Low-Income Urban Communities

Author: Terri N. Sullivan, Katherine M. Ross, Kelly E. O'Connor, Colleen S. Walsh, and Diane Bishop
Abstract: This study identified risk, promotive, and protective factors for handgun carriage among 265 primarily African American adolescents (M[subscript age] = 14.3) living in low-income urban areas. Community-based violent victimization and witnessing violence and in-person and cyber forms of peer victimization increased the probability of handgun carriage. Community collective efficacy, including caregiver-reported social connectedness and informal social control, and community developmental strengths/supports, including youth-reported community recognition for prosocial involvement and community developmental assets, moderated relations between both violent victimization and witnessing violence and handgun carriage. School developmental strengths/supports, including school developmental assets and family prosocial involvement in school, moderated relations between in-person and cyber victimization and handgun carriage. Family developmental strengths/supports, including family developmental assets and family recognition and opportunities for prosocial involvement, were associated with lower odds of handgun carriage. Study findings revealed distinct protective factors related to community violence exposure or peer victimization that can inform youth violence prevention efforts.
Published: 2024
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32. Healthy Communities for Youth: A Cost Analysis of a Community-Level Program to Prevent Youth Violence

Author: Zhongzhe Pan, Derek A. Chapman, Terri N. Sullivan, Diane L. Bishop, and April D. Kimmel
Abstract: Youth violence is a national public health concern in USA, especially in resource-constrained urban communities. Between 2018 and 2021, the Healthy Communities for Youth (HCFY) program addressed youth violence prevention in select economically marginalized urban communities, with the HCFY program reducing the likelihood of youth-involved violent crime. Leveraging costs from program expense reports, this study analyzes the costs of the HCFY program in order to inform policymaking and the program's future ongoing implementation. Total HCFY program costs were $821,000 ($290,100 annually including program start-up costs) over the 34-month project period. Operationalization costs contributed the largest share (64.8%), with 45% attributable to intervention coordinators. In the intervention community, the program costs $100 per capita, $1100 per youth-involved crime case, and $8100 per youth-involved violent crime case. Findings were sensitive to the number of youth-involved crime or violent crime cases and costs of high-level program leadership and self-evaluation analysts, with the per youth-involved violent crime case cost ranging between $700 and $1600 over the program period. Analysis of HCFY program costs is an important step in determining the affordability of a community-level program to prevent youth violence in resource-limited urban communities.
Published: 2024
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33. Music Streaming in the P-12 Music Classroom: A Scoping Review

Author: Corey Sullivan
Abstract: The purpose of this scoping review was to synthesize literature regarding audio streaming in the P-12 music classroom by identifying the varied uses, recommendations for equitable access, and gaps in the knowledge base. A total of 23 publications met the criteria for inclusion. Ensemble and general music classrooms in elementary, middle, and high school contexts were represented in the literature with exemplification of concepts, genres, styles, and techniques evident as the most common usage. YouTube, Spotify, and Pandora were frequently referenced as streaming platforms. Authors cited inexpensive or free platforms and ubiquity of access most frequently when referencing equity and streaming. Most authors made no reference to potential access impediments. I identified gaps in the literature, including the uses of streamed music in jazz classrooms, performer compensation, diversity of content, barriers to student access, potential solutions to equitable access issues, and music perception differences for those with limited access.
Published: 2024
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34. An observational study on imported COVID-19 cases in Hong Kong during mandatory on-arrival hotel quarantine.

Author: Martín-Sánchez, Mario, Wu, Peng, Adam, Dillon, Yang, Bingyi, Lim, Wey, Lin, Yun, Lau, Eric, Sullivan, Sheena, Leung, Gabriel, and Cowling, Benjamin
Subjects: COVID-19, Coronavirus, Imported case, Quarantine, Travel
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Hong Kong enforced stringent travel restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the characteristics of imported COVID-19 cases is important for establishing evidence-based control measures. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study summarising the characteristics of imported cases detected in Hong Kong between 13 November 2020 and 31 January 2022, when compulsory quarantine was implemented. FINDINGS: A total of 2269 imported COVID-19 cases aged 0-85 years were identified, of which 48.6 % detected on arrival. A shorter median delay from arrival to isolation was observed in Delta and Omicron cases (3 days) than in ancestral strain and other variants cases (12 days; p
Published: 2024

35. Gene-Specific Effects on Brain Volume and Cognition of TMEM106B in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration.

Author: Vandebergh, Marijne, Ramos, Eliana, Corriveau-Lecavalier, Nick, Ramanan, Vijay, Kornak, John, Mester, Carly, Kolander, Tyler, Brushaber, Danielle, Staffaroni, Adam, Geschwind, Daniel, Wolf, Amy, Kantarci, Kejal, Gendron, Tania, Petrucelli, Leonard, Van den Broeck, Marleen, Wynants, Sarah, Baker, Matthew, Borrego-Écija, Sergi, Appleby, Brian, Barmada, Sami, Bozoki, Andrea, Clark, David, Darby, R, Dickerson, Bradford, Domoto-Reilly, Kimiko, Fields, Julie, Galasko, Douglas, Ghoshal, Nupur, Graff-Radford, Neill, Grant, Ian, Honig, Lawrence, Hsiung, Ging-Yuek, Huey, Edward, Irwin, David, Knopman, David, Kwan, Justin, Léger, Gabriel, Litvan, Irene, Masdeu, Joseph, Mendez, Mario, Onyike, Chiadi, Pascual, Belen, Pressman, Peter, Ritter, Aaron, Roberson, Erik, Snyder, Allison, Sullivan, Anna, Tartaglia, Maria, Wint, Dylan, Heuer, Hilary, Forsberg, Leah, Boxer, Adam, Rosen, Howard, Boeve, Bradley, and Rademakers, Rosa
Subjects: Humans, Female, Male, Membrane Proteins, Middle Aged, Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration, Aged, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Brain, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Gray Matter, Cognition, Organ Size, Cross-Sectional Studies, Longitudinal Studies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: TMEM106B has been proposed as a modifier of disease risk in FTLD-TDP, particularly in GRN pathogenic variant carriers. Furthermore, TMEM106B has been investigated as a disease modifier in the context of healthy aging and across multiple neurodegenerative diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of TMEM106B on gray matter volume and cognition in each of the common genetic FTD groups and in patients with sporadic FTD. METHODS: Participants were enrolled through the ARTFL/LEFFTDS Longitudinal Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (ALLFTD) study, which includes symptomatic and presymptomatic individuals with a pathogenic variant in C9orf72, GRN, MAPT, VCP, TBK1, TARDBP, symptomatic nonpathogenic variant carriers, and noncarrier family controls. All participants were genotyped for the TMEM106B rs1990622 SNP. Cross-sectionally, linear mixed-effects models were fitted to assess an association between TMEM106B and genetic group interaction with each outcome measure (gray matter volume and UDS3-EF for cognition), adjusting for education, age, sex, and CDR+NACC-FTLD sum of boxes. Subsequently, associations between TMEM106B and each outcome measure were investigated within the genetic group. For longitudinal modeling, linear mixed-effects models with time by TMEM106B predictor interactions were fitted. RESULTS: The minor allele of TMEM106B rs1990622, linked to a decreased risk of FTD, associated with greater gray matter volume in GRN pathogenic variant carriers under the recessive dosage model (N = 82, beta = 3.25, 95% CI [0.37-6.19], p = 0.034). This was most pronounced in the thalamus in the left hemisphere (beta = 0.03, 95% CI [0.01-0.06], p = 0.006), with a retained association when considering presymptomatic GRN pathogenic variant carriers only (N = 42, beta = 0.03, 95% CI [0.01-0.05], p = 0.003). The minor allele of TMEM106B rs1990622 also associated with greater cognitive scores among all C9orf72 pathogenic variant carriers (N = 229, beta = 0.36, 95% CI [0.05-0.066], p = 0.021) and in presymptomatic C9orf72 pathogenic variant carriers (N = 106, beta = 0.33, 95% CI [0.03-0.63], p = 0.036), under the recessive dosage model. DISCUSSION: We identified associations of TMEM106B with gray matter volume and cognition in the presence of GRN and C9orf72 pathogenic variants. The association of TMEM106B with outcomes of interest in presymptomatic GRN and C9orf72 pathogenic variant carriers could additionally reflect TMEM106Bs effect on divergent pathophysiologic changes before the appearance of clinical symptoms.
Published: 2024

36. Advancing stem cell technologies for conservation of wildlife biodiversity.

Author: Hutchinson, Ashlee M, Appeltant, Ruth, Burdon, Tom, Bao, Qiuye, Bargaje, Rhishikesh, Bodnar, Andrea, Chambers, Stuart, Comizzoli, Pierre, Cook, Laura, Endo, Yoshinori, Harman, Bob, Hayashi, Katsuhiko, Hildebrandt, Thomas, Korody, Marisa L, Lakshmipathy, Uma, Loring, Jeanne F, Munger, Clara, Ng, Alex HM, Novak, Ben, Onuma, Manabu, Ord, Sara, Paris, Monique, Pask, Andrew J, Pelegri, Francisco, Pera, Martin, Phelan, Ryan, Rosental, Benyamin, Ryder, Oliver A, Sukparangsi, Woranop, Sullivan, Gareth, Tay, Nicole Liling, Traylor-Knowles, Nikki, Walker, Shawn, Weberling, Antonia, Whitworth, Deanne J, Williams, Suzannah A, Wojtusik, Jessye, Wu, Jun, Ying, Qi-Long, Zwaka, Thomas P, and Kohler, Timo N
Subjects: In vitro gametogenesis, Biodiversity, Conservation, Disease modelling, IPSC, Stem cells, Animals, Conservation of Natural Resources, Animals, Wild, Stem Cells, Humans, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract: Wildlife biodiversity is essential for healthy, resilient and sustainable ecosystems. For biologists, this diversity also represents a treasure trove of genetic, molecular and developmental mechanisms that deepen our understanding of the origins and rules of life. However, the rapid decline in biodiversity reported recently foreshadows a potentially catastrophic collapse of many important ecosystems and the associated irreversible loss of many forms of life on our planet. Immediate action by conservationists of all stripes is required to avert this disaster. In this Spotlight, we draw together insights and proposals discussed at a recent workshop hosted by Revive & Restore, which gathered experts to discuss how stem cell technologies can support traditional conservation techniques and help protect animal biodiversity. We discuss reprogramming, in vitro gametogenesis, disease modelling and embryo modelling, and we highlight the prospects for leveraging stem cell technologies beyond mammalian species.
Published: 2024

37. Hospitalizations and emergency attendance averted by influenza vaccination in Victoria, Australia, 2017 - 2019.

Author: Pendrey, Catherine, Khvorov, Arseniy, Nghiem, Son, Rahaman, Md, Strachan, Janet, and Sullivan, Sheena
Subjects: epidemiology, influenza, prevention, vaccination (immunization), vaccine policy development, Humans, Influenza, Human, Victoria, Hospitalization, Influenza Vaccines, Emergency Service, Hospital, Middle Aged, Adolescent, Aged, Adult, Young Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Infant, Male, Female, Vaccination, Aged, 80 and over, Infant, Newborn
Abstract: Seasonal influenza epidemics result in high levels of healthcare utilization. Vaccination is an effective strategy to reduce the influenza-related burden of disease. However, reporting vaccine effectiveness does not convey the population impacts of influenza vaccination. We aimed to calculate the burden of influenza-related hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) attendance averted by influenza vaccination in Victoria, Australia, from 2017 to 2019, and associated economic savings. We applied a compartmental model to hospitalizations and ED attendances with influenza-specific, and pneumonia and influenza (P&I) with the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Australian Modification (ICD-10-AM) diagnostic codes of J09-J11 and J09-J18, respectively. We estimated an annual average of 7657 (120 per 100000 population) hospitalizations and 20560 (322 per 100000 population) ED attendances over the study period, associated with A$85 million hospital expenditure. We estimated that influenza vaccination averted an annual average of 1182 [range: 556 - 2277] hospitalizations and 3286 [range: 1554 - 6257] ED attendances and reduced the demand for healthcare services at the influenza season peak. This equated to approximately A13 [range: A6 - A25] million of savings over the study period. Calculating the burden averted is feasible in Australia and auseful approach to demonstrate the health and economic benefits of influenza vaccination.
Published: 2024

38. Sustained human outbreak of a new MPXV clade I lineage in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Author: Vakaniaki, Emmanuel, Kacita, Cris, Kinganda-Lusamaki, Eddy, OToole, Áine, Wawina-Bokalanga, Tony, Mukadi-Bamuleka, Daniel, Amuri-Aziza, Adrienne, Malyamungu-Bubala, Nadine, Mweshi-Kumbana, Franklin, Mutimbwa-Mambo, Léandre, Belesi-Siangoli, Freddy, Mujula, Yves, Parker, Edyth, Muswamba-Kayembe, Pauline-Chloé, Nundu, Sabin, Lushima, Robert, Makangara-Cigolo, Jean-Claude, Mulopo-Mukanya, Noella, Pukuta-Simbu, Elisabeth, Akil-Bandali, Prince, Kavunga, Hugo, Abdramane, Ombotimbe, Brosius, Isabel, Bangwen, Eugene, Vercauteren, Koen, Sam-Agudu, Nadia, Mills, Edward, Tshiani-Mbaya, Olivier, Hoff, Nicole, Rimoin, Anne, Hensley, Lisa, Kindrachuk, Jason, Baxter, Cheryl, de Oliveira, Tulio, Ayouba, Ahidjo, Peeters, Martine, Delaporte, Eric, Ahuka-Mundeke, Steve, Mohr, Emma, Sullivan, Nancy, Muyembe-Tamfum, Jean-Jacques, Nachega, Jean, Rambaut, Andrew, Liesenborghs, Laurens, and Mbala-Kingebeni, Placide
Subjects: Humans, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Disease Outbreaks, Mpox (monkeypox), Female, Male, Adult, Monkeypox virus, Young Adult, Phylogeny, Adolescent, Animals, Middle Aged, Genome, Viral, Mutation, Child
Abstract: Outbreaks of monkeypox (mpox) have historically resulted from zoonotic spillover of clade I monkeypox virus (MPXV) in Central Africa and clade II MPXV in West Africa. In 2022, subclade IIb caused a global epidemic linked to transmission through sexual contact. Here we describe the epidemiological and genomic features of an mpox outbreak in a mining region in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, caused by clade I MPXV. Surveillance data collected between September 2023 and January 2024 identified 241 suspected cases. Genomic analysis demonstrates a distinct clade I lineage divergent from previously circulating strains in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Of the 108 polymerase chain reaction-confirmed mpox cases, the median age of individuals was 22 years, 51.9% were female and 29% were sex workers, suggesting a potential role for sexual transmission. The predominance of APOBEC3-type mutations and the estimated emergence time around mid-September 2023 imply recent sustained human-to-human transmission.
Published: 2024

39. Meeting Report From Correlates of Protection for Next Generation Influenza Vaccines: Lessons Learned From the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Author: Krammer, Florian, Katz, Jacqueline, Engelhardt, Othmar, Post, Diane, Roberts, Paul, Sullivan, Sheena, Tompkins, S, Chiu, Christopher, Schultz-Cherry, Stacey, and Cox, Rebecca
Subjects: COVID‐19, SARS‐CoV‐2, correlates of protection (CoP), influenza, influenza vaccine, mucosal immunity, Humans, Influenza Vaccines, COVID-19, Influenza, Human, SARS-CoV-2, Immunity, Mucosal, Pandemics
Abstract: BACKGROUND: This report summarizes the discussions and conclusions from the Correlates of Protection for Next Generation Influenza Vaccines: Lessons Learned from the COVID-19 Pandemic meeting, which took place in Seattle, USA, from March 1, 2023, to March 3, 2023. CONCLUSIONS: Discussions around influenza virus correlates of protection and their use continued from where the discussion had been left off in 2019. While there was not much progress in the influenza field itself, many lessons learned during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, especially the importance of mucosal immunity, were discussed and can directly be applied to influenza correlates of protection.
Published: 2024

40. Multi-dimensional predictors of first drinking initiation and regular drinking onset in adolescence: A prospective longitudinal study

Author: Nguyen-Louie, Tam T, Thompson, Wesley K, Sullivan, Edith V, Pfefferbaum, Adolf, Gonzalez, Camila, Eberson-Shumate, Sonja C, Wade, Natasha E, Clark, Duncan B, Nagel, Bonnie J, Baker, Fiona C, Luna, Beatriz, Nooner, Kate B, de Zambotti, Massimiliano, Goldston, David B, Knutson, Brian, Pohl, Kilian M, and Tapert, Susan F
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Biological Psychology, Psychology, Paediatrics, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pediatric, Clinical Research, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Prevention, Alcoholism, Alcohol Use and Health, Neurosciences, Underage Drinking, Substance Misuse, Behavioral and Social Science, Stroke, Cardiovascular, Oral and gastrointestinal, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Adolescent, Male, Female, Longitudinal Studies, Prospective Studies, Binge Drinking, Adolescent Behavior, Alcohol Drinking, Risk Factors, Adolescent alcohol use onset, Regular drinking onset, Time-to-event models, NCANDA, Withdrawal, Binge drinking, Clinical Sciences, Cognitive Sciences, Biological psychology, Clinical and health psychology
Abstract: Early adolescent drinking onset is linked to myriad negative consequences. Using the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) baseline to year 8 data, this study (1) leveraged best subsets selection and Cox Proportional Hazards regressions to identify the most robust predictors of adolescent first and regular drinking onset, and (2) examined the clinical utility of drinking onset in forecasting later binge drinking and withdrawal effects. Baseline predictors included youth psychodevelopmental characteristics, cognition, brain structure, family, peer, and neighborhood domains. Participants (N=538) were alcohol-naïve at baseline. The strongest predictors of first and regular drinking onset were positive alcohol expectancies (Hazard Ratios [HRs]=1.67-1.87), easy home alcohol access (HRs=1.62-1.67), more parental solicitation (e.g., inquiring about activities; HRs=1.72-1.76), and less parental control and knowledge (HRs=.72-.73). Robust linear regressions showed earlier first and regular drinking onset predicted earlier transition into binge and regular binge drinking (βs=0.57-0.95). Zero-inflated Poisson regressions revealed that delayed first and regular drinking increased the likelihood (Incidence Rate Ratios [IRR]=1.62 and IRR=1.29, respectively) of never experiencing withdrawal. Findings identified behavioral and environmental factors predicting temporal paths to youthful drinking, dissociated first from regular drinking initiation, and revealed adverse sequelae of younger drinking initiation, supporting efforts to delay drinking onset.
Published: 2024

41. Graph Inspection for Robotic Motion Planning: Do Arithmetic Circuits Help?

Author: Bentert, Matthias, Salomao, Daniel Coimbra, Crane, Alex, Mizutani, Yosuke, Reidl, Felix, and Sullivan, Blair D.
Subjects: Computer Science - Robotics, Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms
Abstract: We investigate whether algorithms based on arithmetic circuits are a viable alternative to existing solvers for Graph Inspection, a problem with direct application in robotic motion planning. Specifically, we seek to address the high memory usage of existing solvers. Aided by novel theoretical results enabling fast solution recovery, we implement a circuit-based solver for Graph Inspection which uses only polynomial space and test it on several realistic robotic motion planning datasets. In particular, we provide a comprehensive experimental evaluation of a suite of engineered algorithms for three key subroutines. While this evaluation demonstrates that circuit-based methods are not yet practically competitive for our robotics application, it also provides insights which may guide future efforts to bring circuit-based algorithms from theory to practice.
Published: 2024

42. Fast algorithms to improve fair information access in networks

Author: Windham, Dennis Robert, Wendt, Caroline J., Crane, Alex, Friedler, Sorelle A., Sullivan, Blair D., and Clauset, Aaron
Subjects: Computer Science - Social and Information Networks, Computer Science - Computers and Society, Physics - Physics and Society
Abstract: When information spreads across a network via pairwise sharing, large disparities in information access can arise from the network's structural heterogeneity. Algorithms to improve the fairness of information access seek to maximize the minimum access of a node to information by sequentially selecting new nodes to seed with the spreading information. However, existing algorithms are computationally expensive. Here, we develop and evaluate a set of 10 new scalable algorithms to improve information access in social networks; in order to compare them to the existing state-of-the-art, we introduce both a new performance metric and a new benchmark corpus of networks. Additionally, we investigate the degree to which algorithm performance on minimizing information access gaps can be predicted ahead of time from features of a network's structure. We find that while no algorithm is strictly superior to all others across networks, our new scalable algorithms are competitive with the state-of-the-art and orders of magnitude faster. We introduce a meta-learner approach that learns which of the fast algorithms is best for a specific network and is on average only 20% less effective than the state-of-the-art performance on held-out data, while about 75-130 times faster. Furthermore, on about 20% of networks the meta-learner's performance exceeds the state-of-the-art., Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, and 3 appendices containing 12 algorithms, 1 table, and 9 additional figures
Published: 2024

43. Orbital Architectures of Planet-Hosting Binaries III. Testing Mutual Inclinations of Stellar and Planetary Orbits in Triple-Star Systems

Author: Evans, Elise L., Dupuy, Trent J., Sullivan, Kendall, Kraus, Adam L., Huber, Daniel, Ireland, Michael J., Ansdell, Megan, Kuruwita, Rajika L., Martinez, Raquel A., and Wood, Mackenna L.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: Transiting planets in multiple-star systems, especially high-order multiples, make up a small fraction of the known planet population but provide unique opportunities to study the environments in which planets would have formed. Planet-hosting binaries have been shown to have an abundance of systems in which the stellar orbit aligns with the orbit of the transiting planet, which could give insights into the planet formation process in such systems. We investigate here if this trend of alignment extends to planet-hosting triple-star systems. We present long-term astrometric monitoring of a novel sample of triple-star systems that host Kepler transiting planets. We measured orbit arcs in 21 systems, including 12 newly identified triples, from a homogeneous analysis of our Keck adaptive optics data and, for some systems, Gaia astrometry. We examine the orbital alignment within the nine most compact systems ($\lesssim500$ au), testing if either (or both) of the stellar orbits align with the edge-on orbits of their transiting planets. Our statistical sample of triple systems shows a tendency toward alignment, especially when assessing the alignment probability using stellar orbital inclinations computed from full orbital fits, but is formally consistent with isotropic orbits. Two-population tests where half of the stellar orbits are described by a planet-hosting-binary-like moderately aligned distribution give the best match when the other half (non-planet-hosting) has a Kozai-like misaligned distribution. Overall, our results suggest that our sample of triple-star planet-hosting systems are not fully coplanar systems and have at most one plane of alignment., Comment: Accepted to MNRAS
Published: 2024

44. Preprocessing to Reduce the Search Space for Odd Cycle Transversal

Author: Jansen, Bart M. P., Mizutani, Yosuke, Sullivan, Blair D., and Verhaegh, Ruben F. A.
Subjects: Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms
Abstract: The NP-hard Odd Cycle Transversal problem asks for a minimum vertex set whose removal from an undirected input graph $G$ breaks all odd cycles, and thereby yields a bipartite graph. The problem is well-known to be fixed-parameter tractable when parameterized by the size $k$ of the desired solution. It also admits a randomized kernelization of polynomial size, using the celebrated matroid toolkit by Kratsch and Wahlstr\"{o}m. The kernelization guarantees a reduction in the total $\textit{size}$ of an input graph, but does not guarantee any decrease in the size of the solution to be sought; the latter governs the size of the search space for FPT algorithms parameterized by $k$. We investigate under which conditions an efficient algorithm can detect one or more vertices that belong to an optimal solution to Odd Cycle Transversal. By drawing inspiration from the popular $\textit{crown reduction}$ rule for Vertex Cover, and the notion of $\textit{antler decompositions}$ that was recently proposed for Feedback Vertex Set, we introduce a graph decomposition called $\textit{tight odd cycle cut}$ that can be used to certify that a vertex set is part of an optimal odd cycle transversal. While it is NP-hard to compute such a graph decomposition, we develop parameterized algorithms to find a set of at least $k$ vertices that belong to an optimal odd cycle transversal when the input contains a tight odd cycle cut certifying the membership of $k$ vertices in an optimal solution. The resulting algorithm formalizes when the search space for the solution-size parameterization of Odd Cycle Transversal can be reduced by preprocessing. To obtain our results, we develop a graph reduction step that can be used to simplify the graph to the point that the odd cycle cut can be detected via color coding.
Published: 2024

45. Axion Dark Matter eXperiment around 3.3 {\mu}eV with Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitsky Discovery Ability

Author: Bartram, C., Boutan, C., Braine, T., Buckley, J. H., Caligiure, T. J., Carosi, G., Chou, A. S., Cisneros, C., Clarke, John, Daw, E. J., Du, N., Duffy, L. D., Dyson, T. A., Gaikwad, C., Gleason, J. R., Goodman, C., Goryachev, M., Guzzetti, M., Hanretty, C., Hartman, E., Hipp, A. T., Hoffman, J., Hollister, M., Khatiwada, R., Knirck, S., Kuo, C. L., Lentz, E., McAllister, B. T., Mostyn, C., Murch, K., Oblath, N. S., Perry, M. G., Quiskamp, A., Robertson, N., Rosenberg, L. J, Ruppert, S., Rybka, G., Siddiqi, I., Sikivie, P., Sinnis, J., Solano, M. E., Sonnenschein, A., Sullivan, N. S., Tanner, D. B., Taubman, M. S., Tobar, M. E., Withers, M. O., Woollett, N., and Zhang, D.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report the results of a QCD axion dark matter search with discovery ability for Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitsky (DFSZ) axions using an axion haloscope. Sub-Kelvin noise temperatures are reached with an ultra low-noise Josephson parametric amplifier cooled by a dilution refrigerator. This work excludes (with a 90% confidence level) DFSZ axions with masses between 3.27 to 3.34 {\mu}eV, assuming a standard halo model with a local energy density of 0.45 GeV/cm${}^3$ made up 100% of axions.
Published: 2024

46. ResSR: A Residual Approach to Super-Resolving Multispectral Images

Author: Duba-Sullivan, Haley, Reid, Emma J., Voisin, Sophie, Bouman, Charles A., and Buzzard, Gregery T.
Subjects: Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
Abstract: Multispectral imaging sensors typically have wavelength-dependent resolution, which reduces the ability to distinguish small features in some spectral bands. Existing super-resolution methods upsample a multispectral image (MSI) to achieve a common resolution across all bands but are typically sensor-specific, computationally expensive, and may assume invariant image statistics across multiple length scales. In this paper, we introduce ResSR, an efficient and modular residual-based method for super-resolving the lower-resolution bands of a multispectral image. ResSR uses singular value decomposition (SVD) to identify correlations across spectral bands and then applies a residual correction process that corrects only the high-spatial frequency components of the upsampled bands. The SVD formulation improves the conditioning and simplifies the super-resolution problem, and the residual method retains accurate low-spatial frequencies from the measured data while incorporating high-spatial frequency detail from the SVD solution. While ResSR is formulated as the solution to an optimization problem, we derive an approximate closed-form solution that is fast and accurate. We formulate ResSR for any number of distinct resolutions, enabling easy application to any MSI. In a series of experiments on simulated and measured Sentinel-2 MSIs, ResSR is shown to produce image quality comparable to or better than alternative algorithms. However, it is computationally faster and can run on larger images, making it useful for processing large data sets., Comment: Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
Published: 2024

47. The Radio Spectra of High Luminosity Compact Symmetric Objects (CSO-2s): Implications for Studies of Compact Jetted Active Galactic Nuclei

Author: de la Parra, P. V., Readhead, A. C. S, Herbig, T., Kiehlmann, S., Lister, M. L., Pavlidou, V., Reeves, R. A., Siemiginowska, A., Sullivan, A. G., Surti, T., Synani, A., Tassis, K., Taylor, G. B., Wilkinson, P. N., Aller, M. F., Blandford, R. D., Globus, N., Lawrence, C. R., Molina, B., O'Neill, S., and Pearson, T. J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: This paper addresses, for the first time, a key aspect of the phenomenology of Compact Symmetric Objects (CSOs) -- the characteristics of their radio spectra. We present a radio-spectrum description of a complete sample of high luminosity CSOs (CSO-2s), which shows that they exhibit the \textit{complete} range of spectral types, including flat-spectrum sources ($\alpha \ge -0.5$), steep-spectrum sources ($\alpha < -0.5$), and peaked-spectrum sources. We show that there is no clear correlation between spectral type and size, but there is a correlation between the high-frequency spectral index and both object type and size. We also show that, to avoid biasing the data and to understand the various classes of jetted-AGN involved, the complete range of spectral types should be included in studying the general phenomenology of compact jetted-AGN, and that complete samples must be used, selected over a wide range of frequencies. We discuss examples that demonstrate these points. We find that the high-frequency spectral indices of CSO-2s span $-1.3 <\alpha_{\rm hi} < -0.3$, and hence that radio spectral signatures cannot be used to discriminate definitively between CSO-2s, binary galactic nuclei, and millilensed objects, unless they have $\alpha_{\rm hi} >-0.3$.
Published: 2024

48. Evaluating Text Classification Robustness to Part-of-Speech Adversarial Examples

Author: Samadi, Anahita and Sullivan, Allison
Subjects: Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract: As machine learning systems become more widely used, especially for safety critical applications, there is a growing need to ensure that these systems behave as intended, even in the face of adversarial examples. Adversarial examples are inputs that are designed to trick the decision making process, and are intended to be imperceptible to humans. However, for text-based classification systems, changes to the input, a string of text, are always perceptible. Therefore, text-based adversarial examples instead focus on trying to preserve semantics. Unfortunately, recent work has shown this goal is often not met. To improve the quality of text-based adversarial examples, we need to know what elements of the input text are worth focusing on. To address this, in this paper, we explore what parts of speech have the highest impact of text-based classifiers. Our experiments highlight a distinct bias in CNN algorithms against certain parts of speech tokens within review datasets. This finding underscores a critical vulnerability in the linguistic processing capabilities of CNNs.
Published: 2024

49. Enhancement in neuromorphic NbO2 memristive device switching at cryogenic temperatures

Author: Mburu, Ted, Robinson, Zachary R., Beckmann, Karsten, Lamba, Uday, Powell, Alex, Cady, Nathaniel, and Sullivan, M. C.
Subjects: Physics - Applied Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract: The electrical properties and performance characteristics of niobium dioxide (NbO$_\mathrm{2}$)-based memristive devices are examined at cryogenic temperatures. Sub-stoichiometric Nb$_\mathrm{2}$O$_\mathrm{5}$ was deposited via magnetron sputtering and patterned in microscale (2$\times$2 - 15$\times$15 $\mu$m$^2$) cross-bar Au/Ru/NbO$_\mathrm{x}$/Pt devices and electroformed at 3-5 V to make NbO$_\mathrm{2}$ filaments. At cryogenic temperatures, the threshold voltage ($V_\mathrm{th}$) increased by more than a factor of 3. The hold voltage ($V_\mathrm{h}$) was significantly lower than the threshold voltage for fast voltage sweeps (200 ms per measurement). If the sample is allowed to cool between voltage measurements, the hold voltage increases, but never reaches the threshold voltage, indicating the presence of non-volatile Nb$_\mathrm{2}$O$_\mathrm{5}$ in the filament. The devices have an activation energy of $E_a \approx 1.4$ eV, lower than other NbO$_\mathrm{2}$ devices reported. Our works shows that even nominally ``bad" memristive devices can be improved by reducing the leakage current and increases the sample resistance at cryogenic temperatures., Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2024

50. Suppression of the type Ia supernova host galaxy step in the outer regions of galaxies

Author: Toy, M., Wiseman, P., Sullivan, M., Scolnic, D., Vincenzi, M., Brout, D., Davis, T. M., Frohmaier, C., Galbany, L., Lidman, C., Lee, J., Kelsey, L., Kessler, R., Möller, A., Popovic, B., Sánchez, B. O., Shah, P., Smith, M., Allam, S., Aguena, M., Alves, O., Bacon, D., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Rosell, A. Carnero, Carretero, J., da Costa, L. N., Pereira, M. E. S., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Drlica-Wagner, A., Everett, S., Ferrero, I., Flaugher, B., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gatti, M., Gaztanaga, E., Giannini, G., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Hinton, S. R., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Lahav, O., Lee, S., Marshall, J. L., Mena-Fernández, J., Miquel, R., Palmese, A., Pieres, A., Malagón, A. A. Plazas, Romer, A. K., Samuroff, S., Sanchez, E., Cid, D. Sanchez, Schubnell, M., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Tucker, D. L., Vikram, V., Walker, A. R., and Weaverdyck, N.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Using 1533 type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) from the five-year sample of the Dark Energy Survey (DES), we investigate the effects of projected galactocentric separation between the SNe and their host galaxies on their light curves and standardization. We show, for the first time, that the difference in SN Ia post-standardization brightnesses between high and low-mass hosts reduces from $0.078\pm0.011$ mag in the full sample to $0.036 \pm 0.018$ mag for SNe Ia located in the outer regions of their host galaxies, while increasing to $0.100 \pm 0.014$ mag for SNe in the inner regions. In these inner regions, the step can be reduced (but not removed) using a model where the $R_V$ of dust along the line-of-sight to the SN changes as a function of galaxy properties. To explain the remaining difference, we use the distributions of the SN Ia stretch parameter to test whether the inferred age of SN progenitors are more varied in the inner regions of galaxies. We find that the proportion of high-stretch SNe Ia in red (older) environments is more prominent in outer regions and that the outer regions stretch distributions are overall more homogeneous compared to inner regions, but conclude that this effect cannot explain the reduction in significance of any Hubble residual step in outer regions. We conclude that the standardized distances of SNe Ia located in the outer regions of galaxies are less affected by their global host galaxy properties than those in the inner regions., Comment: 17 pages, 13 figures
Published: 2024

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