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A model of a deuteron-nucleus (dA) optical potential is developed. The real and imaginary parts of this potential were determined from the calculation of the mass operator in the respective Green’s function by perturbation theory on the basis of effective nuclear-density-dependent nucleon-nucleon (NN) Skyrme forces and with allowance for the rearrangement potential. Radial and energy dependences of various components of the dA potential were studied in the calculations with various versions of Skyrme forces. The presentmodel was applied to analyzing differential cross sections for elastic deuteron scattering on nuclei over a broad range of mass numbers at various energies and total cross sections for dA reactions. A reasonable description of respective experimental data was obtained.

The nucleon scattering on even–even nuclei in the medium-energy region has been analyzed on the basis of microscopic optical potential (OP) obtained from nuclear-matter calculations with using effective density-dependent nucleon–nucleon interaction of Skyrme type with taking account of the rearrangement potential. Calculations have been performed for volume integrals and rms radii of nucleon–nucleus OP, for energy dependencies of total and total reaction cross sections of neutron– and proton–nucleus scattering and for differential cross sections of the elastic neutron scattering at several energies on various target nuclei. Comparison of the calculation results for the mentioned quantities with corresponding experimental data has been carried out, which has shown a principal possibility of their reasonable description in the framework of the model under consideration.

The possibility of constructing such new versions of effective nucleon-nucleon forces that would make it possible to describe simultaneously the cross sections for nucleon-nucleus scattering and quantities characterizing nuclear matter and the structure of finite even-even nuclei is investigated on the basis of a microscopic nucleon-nucleus optical potential that is calculated by using effective Skyrme interaction. A procedure for optimizing the parameters of Skyrme forces by employing fits to specific angular distributions for neutron-nucleus scattering and by simultaneously testing the features of nuclear matter, the binding energy of the target nucleus, and its proton root-mean-square radius is proposed. A number of versions of modified Skyrme forces that ensure a reasonable description of both nucleon-nucleus scattering and the properties of nuclear structure are found on the basis of this procedure.

On the basis of a microscopic optical potential calculated by using effective Skyrme type forces with allowance for the rearrangement potential, nucleon scattering on even-even nuclei is analyzed in the region of intermediate energies. The volume integrals and root-mean-square radii of nucleon-nucleus optical potentials are calculated along with the energy dependences of the total reaction cross sections for neutron-and proton-nucleus interaction and of the differential cross sections for elastic neutron scattering at several energy values for various target nuclei. The results of these calculations are compared with experimental data, and it is shown that a resonable description of these data can in principle be obtained within the model being considered.

Within the nuclear-matter approximation, the local-density approximation, and perturbation theory, an approach to constructing a microscopic nucleon-nucleus optical potential at finite nuclear temperatures is developed on the basis of effective density-dependent nucleon-nucleon forces. The real and the imaginary part of the neutron-nucleus optical potential and the mean free paths of neutrons in nuclear matter are calculated at various neutron energies and various nuclear temperatures. The effect of the inclusion of the rearrangement potential on the quantities under consideration is studied, and its importance is demonstrated.

An expression for the real part of the optical potential of nucleon interaction with odd nuclei is derived in the Hartree-Fock approximation with effective density-dependent nucleon-nucleon interaction. It is shown for 13 C nucleus, as an example, that this potential contains the central interaction, as well as two spin-orbit forces connected with the spins of scattered nucleon and nucleus, and quite strong spin-spin and tensor interactions. The simple analytical expressions have been obtained for these potentials. The radial distributions of the interactions obtained and their energy dependences are investigated. It is shown that all potentials differ for neutron and proton scattering while the spin-spin and tensor forces in both cases have opposite signs, complicated radial dependences and are the same by an order of magnitude on the nuclear surface.

An expression for the optical potential is obtained in the nuclear matter approximation while taking into account the rearrangement potential for the generalized two-particle density-dependent Skyrme forces. The rearrangement potential influence on the nucleon-nucleus scattering is investigated. It is shown that two- and three-particle Skyrme forces are not equivalent in calculating the imaginary part of the optical potential. The intensity of the optical potential (both its real and imaginary parts) appears to be decreased considerably when the rearrangement potential is taken into account. As a result the dependence of scattering phase shifts on the incident nucleons energy is changed markedly.

The experimental data on the 180 MeV proton and 50, 180 MeV antiproton scattering by the nuclei12C,40Ca and208Pb have been analysed on the basis of the phenomenological diffraction theory. The optical properties of the nuclei with regards to the incident protons and antiprotons are investigated. Various limiting cases of the proton- and antiproton-nucleus scattering are considered. The contribution of the Coulomb and the spin-orbit interactions to the differential cross sections of these processes has been also analysed.

The nucleon-nucleus optical potential has been obtained from calculations of the mass operator of the one-particle Green function with the effective nucleon-nucleon density-dependent Skyrme interaction by perturbation theory up to the second order. By means of fitting angular distributions of nucleon-nucleus scattering with simultaneous control of calculated characteristics of the nuclear matter, binding energy and rms radius of the target nucleus new variants of Skyrme-force parameters have been found. Analyses of differential cross sections and analyzing powers of elastic neutron scattering by nuclei in a wide range of mass numbers have been carried out. It has been shown that using the found Skyrme-force parameters enables us to describe satisfactorily both the main nuclear structure characteristics and the experimental data on elastic neutron-nucleus scattering simultaneously.

A model that allows the authors to investigate the polarisation effects arising in elastic proton scattering by spin-1/2 nuclei is developed in the framework of multiple diffractive scattering theory. A general expression for the scattering operator is obtained, which contains terms describing the central spin-orbit and spin-spin proton-nucleus interactions. It is shown that in this case the complete experiment includes the measurement of eleven independent scattering angle functions of which the differential cross section, the analysing power of protons and recoil nuclei, two proton spin-flip functions and six other correlation coefficients are investigated. The available experimental data on 550 and 800 MeV elastic p-13C scattering have been analyzed.