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The aim of the review was to characterize the epidemiological situation on ixodic tick-borne borreliosis (ITBB) in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2022, to forecast the development of the ITBB epidemic process in 2023 based on the analysis of its trends in the period of 2013–2022. In total, 7 264 cases of ITBB were registered in the Russian Federation in 2022, which is 1.9 times higher than the 2021-value. In all regions in 2022, after a sharp decrease in the level of registered morbidity during the “covid” phase of 2020–2021, there was an incidence raise to the pre-pandemic level. During 2013–2022, distinctive features of the trends in the development of the ITBB epidemic process in the territories of varying degree of epidemic hazard were retained. A downward tendency in the incidence rates was revealed in 14 out of 18 entities with a long-term average annual incidence (LTAA) of ITBB above 6.2 0 /0000, with the exception of Moscow and the Kaluga Region, where a further increase in the incidence of ITBB is possible. In 6 out of 16 regions with LTAA 2013–2022 between 3.31 and 6.2 0 /0000, an upward trend was observed, and in 8 – a decrease in morbidity. The trend towards an increase in morbidity was detected in 7 out of 21 entities with LTAA of ITBB from 1.21 to 3.3 0 /0000 and in 15 out of 26 regions with a low LTAA 2013–2022 (below 1.2 0 /0000). The analysis of trends in the development of the ITBB epidemic process against the trends in changes in the frequency of contacts of the population with ticks, as well as calculations of the probable incidence rate allowed us to conclude that the incidence rate of ITBB in 2023 will range within the confidence intervals of long-term average annual values for the majority of the federal districts, with the exception of the Central Federal District, where an increase in the number of cases of ixodic tick-borne borreliosis is likely to occur, provided that the existing volumes of preventive measures are maintained and abnormal climatic phenomena absent. Effective control of the epidemic situation on the ITBB is attainable through preservation, and for such areas as Moscow, the Moscow Region, Voronezh, Kaluga, Orel, Ryazan, Penza and Rostov Regions, the Republic of Buryatia – increase in the volume of preventive measures, strengthening zoological and entomological monitoring of activity and structure of natural foci. There is an obvious need to develop algorithms for molecular-genetic monitoring of pathogens circulating in natural foci, and to focus attention onto the problems of diagnosis and prophylaxis of tick-borne transmissible infections.

Background. Respiration is the main energy process of the plant organism and a component of the production process, as a result of which it is of interest to study the ways of its regulation. Recently, researchers have been paying closer attention to synthetic and natural growth regulators with antioxidant functions: ambiol, Energia-M, and caffeic acid. At the same time, there are very few data on the effect of growth regulators with antioxidant functions on the parameters of the potato respiration process. In this regard, the aim of the study was to study the effect of ambiol, Energiya-M and caffeic acid on the respiration rate of the potato organs both under optimal conditions and under the action of hypothermia. Materials and methods. The object of the study is potato plants of the Vega and Zhukovsky early varieties. Variants of the experiment included treatment with synthetic regulators by soaking planting tubers in aqueous solutions of ambiol and Energia-M, as well as foliar treatment with a solution of caffeic acid. The effect of growth regulators on the respiration process was studied not only under optimal temperature conditions, but also under conditions of hypothermia simulating freezing. The intensity of respiration was determined by titration by the amount of released CO2. The rate of CO2 release after the plants were kept in the dark was used to judge the intensity of maintenance respiration. Growth respiration was calculated from the difference between the respiration of plants in the light and after keeping them in the dark. Respiratory pathways were studied using the method of specific inhibitors using NaF solution. Results. Ambiol and silicoauxin regulator increased respiration in Vega potato leaves at the stage of budding. The study of the process of respiration in tubers showed a somewhat different picture. Thus, the treatment with ambiol stimulated the process of respiration in tubers, while at the same time, in plants treated with the Energia-M regulator, the intensity of respiration in tubers decreased sharply against the control. Under laboratory conditions, ambiol and caffeic acid stimulated the respiration process. There were no significant differences in the effect of silicoauxin growth regulator on respiration rate from control. We also studied the effect of growth regulators on the quality of respiration. It was shown that, in contrast to the control variant, in which sodium fluoride blocked the respiration intensity of the leaves of the potato plant by more than 50 %, in the variant with ambiol, the respiration intensity was significantly less blocked. In the variants with the treatment of plants with Energia-M and caffeic acid, as well as in the control variant, sodium fluoride blocked the intensity of leaf respiration by 56 % and 60 %, respectively. Thus, when treated with these regulators, the process of respiration proceeded along the glycolytic pathway. It was also shown that the intensity of maintenance respiration increases under the action of all the studied antioxidants. The intensity of growth respiration when potato plants were treated with ambiol increased by 2 times compared to the control, and when treated with Energia-M, on the contrary, it decreased by 1.7 times. The treatment of plants with caffeic acid had no effect on the rate of respiration of the growth ofrenewal shoots. As our studies have shown, under optimal conditions, the treatment of potatoes with the growth regulator ambiol increased the intensity of respiration by 33 % compared with the control. Energia-M and caffeic acid had a lesser effect on increasing the intensity of breathing. 2 hours after exposure to hypothermia, the intensity of respiration decreased sharply in all experimental variants compared to the control. 24 hours after the stress, it was shown that against the background of treatment with ambiol and the Energia- M preparation, the respiration intensity in potato shoots increased significantly, while caffeic acid contributed only a slight intensification of this process. Conclusions. It was shown that the intensity of the respiration process and its components under optimal conditions and under the action of hypothermia were sensitive to the treatment of plants with growth regulators with antioxidant properties of both synthetic and natural origin. Under optimal conditions, the respiration process was stimulated, while under conditions of a 2-hour negative temperature, the studied regulators restrained its intensification. It was also shown that ambiol contributed to a greater extent to an increase in growth respiration, and Energiya-M - in maintenance respiration. The obtained experimental material also indicates the participation of the studied antioxidants in the regulation of the ratio of the components of the respiration process. In plants enriched with caffeic acid and treated with Energia-M, a predominantly glycolytic respiration pathway was noted.

3875 cases of tick-borne borreliosis (TBB) (2.65 per 100000 of population) were recorded in Russia in 2021. Compared to 2020, 61 out of 78 constituent entities experienced a decrease in the incidence rate in 2021. Over the past year, the largest number of cases was registered in the Central Federal District (CFD) – 1797 cases, which is 46.4 % of cases in Russia. Second in the rank by the number of cases of TBB comes the Siberian FD (SFD) – 616 cases (15.9 %), followed by Ural FD – 445 cases (11.5 %), the North-Western FD – 418 (10.8 %), and the Volga FD – 388 (10 %). 134 (3.5 %) and 60 (1.5 % of the total number of cases of TBB) cases were registered in the Far Eastern and Southern Federal Districts, respectively. The last place is occupied by the North Caucasus Federal District (NCFD), where 17 cases were registered, the share of which in the total structure of cases in Russia is 0.4 %. When assessing the long-term dynamics of TBB incidence, a significant trend towards a decrease in the intensity of the epidemic process has been revealed for the North-Western FD, UFD and VFD, as opposed to the CFD and Southern FD, where a significant upward trend was noted. For the Russian Federation on the whole, the Siberian FD, FEFD and NCFD the variation in the incidence rates within the confidence intervals of the long-term annual average values is most likely to be observed in the near future.

We have carried out an experimental study of the influence of precipitation in the form of snow on measurements of the neutron flux intensity near Earth's surface. We have examined the state of the snow cover and its density, and found out that the density depends on the depth of the snow cover. Using the experimental results, we estimate the neutron absorption path in the snow. Changes in snow cover by 10–12 cm at a depth of 80 cm are shown to cause variations in the monitor count rate with an amplitude of 0.9 %. At the snow depth of 80 cm, the neutron monitor count rate decreases by about 8 %. The observed variations should be attributed to the meteorological effects of cosmic rays. The absorption coefficient of neutrons in the snow was also found from the correlation between the count rate of the neutron monitor and the amount of snow above the detector. We propose a real-time correction of the neutron monitor data for precipitation in the form of snow. For this purpose, we implement continuous monitoring of the amount of snow cover. The monitoring is provided by a snow meter made using a laser rangefinder module. We discuss the results obtained.

Introduction The archives, which include 670 medical cases filed at the Leningrad Research Institute for Prosthetics (LNIIP) during the siege of the city, is unique for understanding the specific scope of medical work during the tragic time of the Great Patriotic war. The purpose of the study was to analyze the activities of the Leningrad Research Institute for Prosthetics in the besieged Leningrad during the Great Patriotic war. Methods The analysis of the LNIIP archives using the methods of content analysis, deduction, induction and synthesis was carried out. 670 cases related to the time of the Great Patriotic war were studied. Statistical data processing was performed. Results The LNIIP hospital worked as a front-line evacuation station from 01.09.1941 to 30.12.1942 and treated a total of 1,221 patients. 131 medical records of military officers and soldiers treated there during that period were found. The reason for hospitalization in 65 % of those patients was the consequences of shrapnel wounds, gunshot and mine explosion injuries were less frequent. In the period from 25.05.1943 to 19.06.1945, there were 539 medical records of civilians. In 51 % of the cases, the reason for hospitalization was shrapnel wounds, gunshot and mine explosion wounds and only 2 % were pre-war cases. Discussion The nature of injuries the civilian population of the besieged Leningrad did not differ from that of the front-line soldiers. The front passed right through the besieged city, and its inhabitants were soldiers of that front. 1428 medical interventions were performed including 31 % of operative plasty procedures (re-amputation, skin and bone grafting, amputation) and 32 % were surgical interventions. 356 individuals were provided with prostheses, 10 with orthopedic devices, and 48 with orthopedic shoes. Preparation for prosthetic fitting was complicated by avitaminosis, dystrophy, and scurvy. The work of LNIIP in the extreme conditions of the war and blockade is a vivid example of the contribution of medical workers to the victory of the whole country. The experience of organizing a medical hospital in special conditions has not lost its relevance today.

Background. In recent years, the problem of pancreatic necrosis in urgent surgery has been at the forefront. Infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) occurs in 38–69 % of patients with severe acute pancreatitis, mortality in this pathology reaches 8–49 %. The aim of the work – to increase the efficiency of treatment of patients with infected pancreatic necrosis and acute destructive pancreatitis by using an original drainage device. Materials and methods. The analysis of the results of treatment of 102 patients with IPN, who underwent different types of operations, depending on the prevalence of the process, was carried out. Women were 29 (28.4 %), men – 73 (71.6 %), aged from 27 to 74 years. We used traditional methods of patient examination. Two groups were formed. The 1st group (main) consisted of 43 (42.1 %) patients, in whom the traditional complex of therapeutic and diagnostic measures was used in combination with the developed “drainage device”. 59 (57.9 %) patients of the 2nd group (control) underwent standard medical and diagnostic practice. Results. A total of 102 patients underwent 186 operations: 96 - minimally invasive and 90 – by the traditional “open” method. The number of postoperative complications in the 1st group of patients was 8 (7.8 %), in the 2nd group – 18 (17.6 %) with a mortality rate of 5 (11.6 %) and 16 (27.1 %), respectively. The most common cause of death was sepsis with multiple organ failure. Conclusions. It is necessary to combine minimally invasive and “open” operations for infected pancreatic necrosis against the background of complex therapy. In 23.4 % of patients, minimally invasive technologies are the final method of treatment. The use of the developed “drainage device” leads to a significant reduction in complications and mortality.

The article explores the areas of strategic conflict management that contribute to improving the efficiency of enterprises operating in the agro-industrial complex. There have been used methods of cognition during the study: analysis, synthesis, concretization and abstraction, classification, grouping, and others. There have been given some definitions of the terms based on the study: strategy, conflict and its elements. There have been studied the stages of conflict development at the enterprise and the main causes of the conflicts. We have compared the approaches to conflicts in the organization, developed a matrix of risks that affect the economic efficiency of the enterprise and selected the main types of interpersonal conflicts at the enterprises for the study. During the study, a direct relationship has been revealed between the frequency of occurrence of conflict situations and the economic efficiency of the enterprise, as a result of which styles of behavior have been developed for the management personnel of economic entities in case of conflict situations. The study has allowed to identify the following problems in conflict management at pilot enterprises: an increase in the number of conflicts between departments; the cause of conflicts is often connected with the shift in areas of responsibility in the performance of duties; ignoring the psychological incompatibility of employees when hiring; selection of compromise or adaptive resolution options. To eliminate the identified problems, the directions of strategic conflict management for pilot enterprises were outlined: the formation of a checklist for diagnosing conflicts; development of a conflict management matrix; use of all styles of behavior in conflict situations; timely response to the emerging conflict situation.

The aim is to develop and propose a scale for assessing the risk of neurological complications as a result of surgical treatment in patients with the post-traumatic deformations of the thoracic and lumbar spine.Materials and methods. An analysis of the treatment of 124 patients (70 men and 54 women) aged 18–54 with post-traumatic deformations of the thoracic and lumbar spine was carried out. The patients were operated during the 2003–2017 period. Repeated surgeries were performed after the period from 6 months to 14 years after injury. In 63 cases, spinal deformation was the result of unsuccessful surgical treatment, while 61 cases were due to diagnostic errors and/or inadequate conservative treatment.Results. The analysis of the clinical data identified factors affecting the manifestation of neurological complications, as well as 46 assessment options for risk gradation.Conclusion.The proposed scale can be used for a rapid assessment of the risk of neurological complications of surgical treatment of patients with the post-traumatic deformations of the thoracic and lumbar spine.'Conflict of interest: the authors declare no conflict of interest.

Diabetes mellitus (DM), due to its high incidence and prevalence, presents an urgent problem for the scientific community, which requires new ways of treating and preventing complications. Existing hypoglycemic treatment approaches do not always contribute to the achievement of glycaemic targets.Objective. Study of Subetta-based therapy for patients with DM 1 and DM 2 in real-life clinical practice.Materials and methods. The program involved 71 patients with DM 1 and 289 patients with DM 2, HbA1c ≥ 7.0%, who took Subetta in combination therapy of diabetes. The duration of the program was 12 weeks. The laboratory examination included the determination of the level of HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose.Results. The administration of Subetta in complex therapy of DM 1 and DM 2 led to a significant reduction in HbA1c from 9.2 ± 1.85 to 8.13 ± 1.29 mmol/L and from 8.62 ± 1.54 to 7.49 ± 1.1 mmol/L, respectively (p

The paper presents the results of a pilot molecular genetic study of sweat and oil residue left by the fingertips and hand palms of male volunteers (donors) on various regions of the skin surface of dead bodies (recipients) of both sexes. In cases of contact with female recipients donor-specific allele combinations were obtained for only 11.6% of autosomal loci and 12.9% of Y-chromosomal loci. Donor-specific traits were absent in 68.4% of autosomal loci and 87.1% of Y-chromosomal loci. In cases of contact with male recipients the full genetic profile was obtained for 18.6% of autosomal loci, and 64.2% of loci showed a lack of donor-specific alleles. Meanwhile, allelic combinations specific to female recipients were encountered in 40.5% of autosomal loci, and to male recipients – in 34.2% of autosomal loci. Results demonstrate poor adhesion of sweat and oil compounds from donors’ hands to the corpses’ skin, probably due to significant temperature differences between contact surfaces.

Abstract. The paper presents the results of a systematic study of the physical, chemical, and structural geometrical characteristics of Hotynetsky aluminosilicate deposits. Chemical and phase composition of the mineral was specifi ed with the help of the data obtained by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and IR spectrometry. It is shown that the composition of the mineral is dominated by aluminosilicates with a regular crystal structure: dioctahedral montmorillonite with ions of alkaline earth metals in interpackage positions with the general formula of (Ca,Mg)(Al,Fe,MgO2(OH)2[(Si,Al)4O10]·nН2O; clinoptilolite K3Ca2(Si29Al7)O72·nH2O; modifi cations of silica (SiO2) cristobalite and quartz, and illite (K0.75(H3O)0.25)Al2(Si3Al)O10((H2O)0.75(OH)0.25)2. Based on the data for the study of the morphology of mineral surface by atomic force and electron microscopy we can conclude that the studied mineral has a composite fl occulent crystal-grained globular structure. Its surface is presented in the form of aggregates of fl ake and blade shape with a size of 1–10 μm, tightly adjacent to each other and forming a single frame with numerous macropores. If you decrease the scale length of the scan globular structure of individual sections of the surface with fragments of crystalline inclusions appears. The diameter of the globules varies in the range of ~ 40 nm ч 200 nm; the pores formed between the globules have a width of 4–6 nm to 13–15 nm (micropores), and the diameter of the pores formed due to the defective structure of the mineral ranges is 30 nm to 80-100 nm (mesopores). According to the sorption of methylene blue porous structure of the aluminosilicate under formation has a specifi c surface area of ~16.7 m2/g, the concentration of basic centres on the surface of mineral is 52 μmol/g, and the concentration of acid sites is 30 μmol/g. The obtained data are interesting for further study of its sorption and catalytic properties and for creating new functional materials.