35,530 results on '"A. Onodera"'
Search Results
2. Local well-posedness for a fourth-order nonlinear dispersive system on the 1D torus
- Author
-
Onodera, Eiji
- Subjects
Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs - Abstract
This paper is concerned with the initial value problem for a system of one-dimensional fourth-order dispersive partial differential equations on the torus with nonlinearity involving derivatives up to second order. This paper gives sufficient conditions on the coefficients of the system for the initial value problem to be time-locally well-posed in Sobolev spaces with high regularity. The proof is based on the energy method combined with the idea of a gauge transformation and the technique of Bona-Smith type parabolic regularization. The sufficient conditions can been found in connection with geometric analysis on a fourth-order geometric dispersive partial differential equation for curve flows on a compact locally Hermitian symmetric space., Comment: 37 pages
- Published
- 2024
3. The Physical Origin of Extreme Emission Line Galaxies at High redshifts: Strong {\sc [Oiii]} Emission Lines Produced by Obscured AGNs
- Author
-
Zhu, Chenghao, Harikane, Yuichi, Ouchi, Masami, Ono, Yoshiaki, Onodera, Masato, Tang, Shenli, Isobe, Yuki, Matsuoka, Yoshiki, Kawaguchi, Toshihiro, Umeda, Hiroya, Nakajima, Kimihiko, Liang, Yongming, Xu, Yi, Zhang, Yechi, Sun, Dongsheng, Shimasaku, Kazuhiro, Greene, Jenny, Iwasawa, Kazushi, Kohno, Kotaro, Nagao, Tohru, Schulze, Andreas, Shibuya, Takatoshi, Hilmi, Miftahul, and Schramm, Malte
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
We present deep Subaru/FOCAS spectra for two extreme emission line galaxies (EELGs) at $z\sim 1$ with strong {\sc[Oiii]}$\lambda$5007 emission lines, exhibiting equivalent widths (EWs) of $2905^{+946}_{-578}$ \AA\ and $2000^{+188}_{-159}$ \AA, comparable to those of EELGs at high redshifts that are now routinely identified with JWST spectroscopy. Adding a similarly large {\sc [Oiii]} EW ($2508^{+1487}_{-689}$ \AA) EELG found at $z\sim 2$ in the JWST CEERS survey to our sample, we explore for the physical origins of the large {\sc [Oiii]} EWs of these three galaxies with the Subaru spectra and various public data including JWST/NIRSpec, NIRCam, and MIRI data. While there are no clear signatures of AGN identified by the optical line diagnostics, we find that two out of two galaxies covered by the MIRI data show strong near-infrared excess in the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) indicating obscured AGN. Because none of the three galaxies show clear broad H$\beta$ lines, the upper limits on the flux ratios of broad-H$\beta$ to {\sc [Oiii]} lines are small, $\lesssim 0.15$ that are comparable with Seyfert $1.8-2.0$ galaxies. We conduct \texttt{Cloudy} modeling with the stellar and AGN incident spectra, allowing a wide range of parameters including metallicities and ionization parameters. We find that the large {\sc [Oiii]} EWs are not self-consistently reproduced by the spectra of stars or unobscured AGN, but obscured AGN that efficiently produces O$^{++}$ ionizing photons with weak nuclear and stellar continua that are consistent with the SED shapes., Comment: submitted to ApJ
- Published
- 2024
4. Mordell-Tornheim multiple zeta-functions, their integral analogues, and relations among multiple polylogarithms
- Author
-
Matsumoto, Kohji, Onodera, Kazuhiro, and Sahoo, Dilip K.
- Subjects
Mathematics - Number Theory ,11M32 - Abstract
We study the asymptotic behavior of a multiple series of Mordell-Tornheim type and its integral analogue at x=0. Our approach is to show a relation between the multiple series and its integral analogue by using Abel's summation formula, and to deeply investigate the behavior of the integral analogue. Additionally, we establish some nontrivial relations among multiple polylogarithms by comparing two seemingly different asymptotic formulas for the integral analogue., Comment: 30pages
- Published
- 2024
5. Local well-posedness of the initial value problem for a fourth-order nonlinear dispersive system on the real line
- Author
-
Onodera, Eiji
- Subjects
Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs - Abstract
This paper investigates the initial value problem for a system of one-dimensional fourth-order dispersive partial differential-integral equations with nonlinearity involving derivatives up to second order. Examples of the system arise in relation with nonlinear science and geometric analysis. Applying the energy method based on the idea of a gauge transformation and Bona-Smith approximation technique, we prove that the initial value problem is time-locally well-posed on the real line for initial data in a Sobolev space with high regularity., Comment: 42 pages
- Published
- 2024
6. Training of Physical Neural Networks
- Author
-
Momeni, Ali, Rahmani, Babak, Scellier, Benjamin, Wright, Logan G., McMahon, Peter L., Wanjura, Clara C., Li, Yuhang, Skalli, Anas, Berloff, Natalia G., Onodera, Tatsuhiro, Oguz, Ilker, Morichetti, Francesco, del Hougne, Philipp, Gallo, Manuel Le, Sebastian, Abu, Mirhoseini, Azalia, Zhang, Cheng, Marković, Danijela, Brunner, Daniel, Moser, Christophe, Gigan, Sylvain, Marquardt, Florian, Ozcan, Aydogan, Grollier, Julie, Liu, Andrea J., Psaltis, Demetri, Alù, Andrea, and Fleury, Romain
- Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
Physical neural networks (PNNs) are a class of neural-like networks that leverage the properties of physical systems to perform computation. While PNNs are so far a niche research area with small-scale laboratory demonstrations, they are arguably one of the most underappreciated important opportunities in modern AI. Could we train AI models 1000x larger than current ones? Could we do this and also have them perform inference locally and privately on edge devices, such as smartphones or sensors? Research over the past few years has shown that the answer to all these questions is likely "yes, with enough research": PNNs could one day radically change what is possible and practical for AI systems. To do this will however require rethinking both how AI models work, and how they are trained - primarily by considering the problems through the constraints of the underlying hardware physics. To train PNNs at large scale, many methods including backpropagation-based and backpropagation-free approaches are now being explored. These methods have various trade-offs, and so far no method has been shown to scale to the same scale and performance as the backpropagation algorithm widely used in deep learning today. However, this is rapidly changing, and a diverse ecosystem of training techniques provides clues for how PNNs may one day be utilized to create both more efficient realizations of current-scale AI models, and to enable unprecedented-scale models., Comment: 29 pages, 4 figures
- Published
- 2024
7. HER2 overexpression in urothelial carcinoma with GATA3 and PPARG copy number gains.
- Author
-
Zhu, Xiaolin, Chan, Emily, Turski, Michelle, Mendez, Carlos, Hsu, Sarah, Kumar, Vipul, Shipp, Chase, Jindal, Tanya, Chang, Kevin, Onodera, Courtney, Devine, W, Grenert, James, Stohr, Bradley, Ding, Chien-Kuang, Stachler, Matthew, Quigley, David, Feng, Felix, Chu, Carissa, Porten, Sima, Chou, Jonathan, Friedlander, Terence, and Koshkin, Vadim
- Subjects
ERBB2 amplification ,GATA3 ,PPARG ,HER2 ,urothelial cancer ,Humans ,GATA3 Transcription Factor ,Receptor ,ErbB-2 ,Female ,PPAR gamma ,Male ,DNA Copy Number Variations ,Urologic Neoplasms ,Aged ,Middle Aged ,Gene Amplification ,Biomarkers ,Tumor ,Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Neoplastic - Abstract
HER2, encoded by the ERBB2 gene, is an important druggable driver of human cancer gaining increasing importance as a therapeutic target in urothelial carcinoma (UC). The genomic underpinnings of HER2 overexpression in ERBB2 nonamplified UC are poorly defined. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated 172 UC tumors from patients treated at the University of California San Francisco, using immunohistochemistry and next-generation sequencing. We found that GATA3 and PPARG copy number gains individually predicted HER2 protein expression independently of ERBB2 amplification. To validate these findings, we interrogated the Memorial Sloan Kettering/The Cancer Genome Atlas (MSK/TCGA) dataset and found that GATA3 and PPARG copy number gains individually predicted ERBB2 mRNA expression independently of ERBB2 amplification. Our findings reveal a potential link between the luminal marker HER2 and the key transcription factors GATA3 and PPARG in UC and highlight the utility of examining GATA3 and PPARG copy number states to identify UC tumors that overexpress HER2 in the absence of ERBB2 amplification. In summary, we found that an increase in copy number of GATA3 and PPARG was independently associated with higher ERBB2 expression in patient samples of UC. This finding provides a potential explanation for HER2 overexpression in UC tumors without ERBB2 amplification and a way to identify these tumors for HER2-targeted therapies.
- Published
- 2024
8. Global subterranean estuaries modify groundwater nutrient loading to the ocean
- Author
-
Wilson, Stephanie J, Moody, Amy, McKenzie, Tristan, Cardenas, M Bayani, Luijendijk, Elco, Sawyer, Audrey H, Wilson, Alicia, Michael, Holly A, Xu, Bochao, Knee, Karen L, Cho, Hyung‐Mi, Weinstein, Yishai, Paytan, Adina, Moosdorf, Nils, Chen, Chen‐Tung Aurthur, Beck, Melanie, Lopez, Cody, Murgulet, Dorina, Kim, Guebuem, Charette, Mathew A, Waska, Hannelore, Ibánhez, J Severino P, Chaillou, Gwénaëlle, Oehler, Till, Onodera, Shin‐ichi, Saito, Mitsuyo, Rodellas, Valenti, Dimova, Natasha, Montiel, Daniel, Dulai, Henrietta, Richardson, Christina, Du, Jinzhou, Petermann, Eric, Chen, Xiaogang, Davis, Kay L, Lamontagne, Sebastien, Sugimoto, Ryo, Wang, Guizhi, Li, Hailong, Torres, Américo I, Demir, Cansu, Bristol, Emily, Connolly, Craig T, McClelland, James W, Silva, Brenno J, Tait, Douglas, Kumar, BSK, Viswanadham, R, Sarma, VVSS, Silva‐Filho, Emmanoel, Shiller, Alan, Lecher, Alanna, Tamborski, Joseph, Bokuniewicz, Henry, Rocha, Carlos, Reckhardt, Anja, Böttcher, Michael Ernst, Jiang, Shan, Stieglitz, Thomas, Gbewezoun, Houégnon Géraud Vinel, Charbonnier, Céline, Anschutz, Pierre, Hernández‐Terrones, Laura M, Babu, Suresh, Szymczycha, Beata, Sadat‐Noori, Mahmood, Niencheski, Felipe, Null, Kimberly, Tobias, Craig, Song, Bongkeun, Anderson, Iris C, and Santos, Isaac R
- Subjects
Earth Sciences ,Oceanography - Abstract
Abstract: Terrestrial groundwater travels through subterranean estuaries before reaching the sea. Groundwater‐derived nutrients drive coastal water quality, primary production, and eutrophication. We determined how dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) are transformed within subterranean estuaries and estimated submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) nutrient loads compiling > 10,000 groundwater samples from 216 sites worldwide. Nutrients exhibited complex, nonconservative behavior in subterranean estuaries. Fresh groundwater DIN and DIP are usually produced, and DON is consumed during transport. Median total SGD (saline and fresh) fluxes globally were 5.4, 2.6, and 0.18 Tmol yr−1 for DIN, DON, and DIP, respectively. Despite large natural variability, total SGD fluxes likely exceed global riverine nutrient export. Fresh SGD is a small source of new nutrients, but saline SGD is an important source of mostly recycled nutrients. Nutrients exported via SGD via subterranean estuaries are critical to coastal biogeochemistry and a significant nutrient source to the oceans.
- Published
- 2024
9. Qudit-Generalization of the Qubit Echo and Its Application to a Qutrit-Based Toffoli Gate
- Author
-
Iiyama, Yutaro, Jang, Wonho, Kanazawa, Naoki, Sawada, Ryu, Onodera, Tamiya, and Terashi, Koji
- Subjects
Quantum Physics - Abstract
The fidelity of certain gates on noisy quantum computers may be improved when they are implemented using more than two levels of the involved transmons. The main impediments to achieving this potential are the dynamic gate phase errors that cannot be corrected via calibration. The standard tool for countering such phase errors in two-level qubits is the echo protocol, often referred to as the dynamical decoupling sequence, where the evolution of a qubit is punctuated by an even number of X gates. We introduce basis cycling, which is a direct generalization of the qubit echo to general qudits, and provide an analytic framework for designing gate sequences to produce desired effects using this technique. We then apply basis cycling to a Toffoli gate decomposition incorporating a qutrit and obtain CCZ gate fidelity values up to 93.8$\pm$0.1%, measured by quantum process tomography, on IBM quantum computers. The gate fidelity remains stable without recalibration even while the resonant frequency of the qutrit fluctuates, highlighting the dynamical nature of phase error cancellation through basis cycling. Our results demonstrate that one of the biggest difficulties in implementing qudit-based gate decompositions on superconducting quantum computers can be systematically overcome when certain conditions are met, and thus open a path toward fulfilling the promise of qudits as circuit optimization agents., Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures
- Published
- 2024
10. Structure of a fourth-order dispersive flow equation through the generalized Hasimoto transformation
- Author
-
Onodera, Eiji
- Subjects
Mathematics - Differential Geometry - Abstract
This paper focuses on a one-dimensional fourth-order nonlinear dispersive partial differential equation for curve flows on a K\"ahler manifold. The equation arises as a fourth-order extension of the one-dimensional Schr\"odinger flow equation, with physical and geometrical backgrounds. First, this paper presents a framework that can transform the equation into a system of fourth-order nonlinear dispersive partial differential-integral equations for complex-valued functions. This is achieved by developing the so-called generalized Hasimoto transformation, which enables us to handle general higher-dimensional compact K\"ahler manifolds. Second, this paper demonstrates the computations to obtain the explicit expression of the derived system for three examples of the compact K\"ahler manifolds, dealing with the complex Grassmannian as an example in detail., Comment: 46 pages
- Published
- 2024
11. Probing the stellar populations and star formation history of early-type galaxies at $0 < z < 1.1$ in the rest-frame ultraviolet
- Author
-
Ali, Sadman, De Propris, Roberto, Chung, Chul, Phillipps, Steven, Bremer, Malcolm, Onodera, Masato, Sawicki, Marcin, Desprez, Guillaume, and Gwyn, Stephen
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
We measure the evolution of the rest-frame $NUV-V$ colors for early-type galaxies in clusters at $0
3$. The blue UV colors of early-type galaxies at low-intermediate redshifts are likely driven by this sub-population being enriched in helium up to $\sim44\%$. At $z>0.8$ (when the extra UV component has not yet appeared) the data allows us to constrain the star formation histories of galaxies by fitting models to the evolution of their UV colors: we find that the epoch at which the stellar populations formed ranges between $3 - Published
- 2024
12. A phase 2 clinical trial of luspatercept in non-transfusion-dependent patients with myelodysplastic syndromes
- Author
-
Kosugi, Hiroshi, Fujisaki, Tomoaki, Iwasaki, Hiromi, Shinagawa, Atsushi, Iida, Hiroatsu, Jo, Tatsuro, Kubonishi, Shiro, Morita, Yasuyoshi, Nakashima, Yasuhiro, Onodera, Koichi, Suzuki, Kenshi, Suzuki, Takahiro, Tamai, Yotaro, Usuki, Kensuke, Yokota, Akira, Yonaga, Hideyuki, Hayakawa, Jin, Midorikawa, Shuichi, Nishio, Mitsufumi, Suda, Makoto, and Matsue, Kosei
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Results of the JRS-I LRA0401 and LRB0402 Japan Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group trials for low-risk embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
- Author
-
Hosoi, Hajime, Miyachi, Mitsuru, Teramukai, Satoshi, Sakabayashi, Satomi, Tsuchiya, Kunihiko, Kuwahara, Yasumichi, Onodera, Rie, Matsuyama, Kotone, Yokota, Isao, Hojo, Hiroshi, Okita, Hajime, Hata, Jun-Ichi, Hamasaki, Minori, Tsuneyoshi, Masazumi, Oda, Yoshinao, Nakazawa, Atsuko, Kato, Miho, Takimoto, Tetsuya, Horibe, Keizo, Hara, Jun-Ichi, Suita, Sachiyo, Hanada, Ryoji, Masaki, Hidekazu, Nozaki, Miwako, Ikeda, Hitoshi, Kishimoto, Seiji, Kaneko, Michio, Kawai, Akira, and Morikawa, Yasuhide
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Chronic kidney disease associated with extremely premature birth and extremely low birth weight may progress through the burden of growth
- Author
-
Onodera, Chinatsu, Ishikawa, Ken, Sugawara, Hiroshi, Nishimi, Saeko, Furukawa, Hiromi, Takada, Akira, Akasaka, Manami, and Kobayashi, Megumi
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Double-hit primary central nervous system lymphoma with histogenetically proven bone marrow infiltration: a case report and a review of the literature
- Author
-
Onodera, Koki, Shirahata, Mitsuaki, Mizuno, Reina, Fukuoka, Masayoshi, Suzuki, Tomonari, Satoh, Tsugumi, Homma, Taku, Takahashi, Naoki, and Mishima, Kazuhiko
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Dexamethasone reduces cisplatin-induced hair cell damage by inducing cisplatin resistance through metallothionein-2
- Author
-
Ujiie, Haruki, Nishiya, Naoyuki, Yamamoto, Ami, Takada, Takeru, Onodera, Megumi, Sasaki, Ayana, and Oikawa, Takuya
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Changes in oxygen supply–demand balance during induction of general anesthesia: an exploratory study using remimazolam
- Author
-
Yarimizu, Kenya, Onodera, Yu, Suzuki, Hiroto, Nakane, Masaki, and Kawamae, Kaneyuki
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. First Record of Shortfin Mako Isurus oxyrinchus in the Brazilian Amazon Coast
- Author
-
Aguiar-Santos, Jamerson, Rincon, Getulio, Nunes, Ana Rita Onodera Palmeira, Dias, Héllida Negrão, Wosnick, Natascha, Martins, Ana Paula Barbosa, de Luna Sales, João Bráullio, and Nunes, Jorge Luiz Silva
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Prognostic value of perioperative changes in the prognostic nutritional index in patients with surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer
- Author
-
Hayasaka, Kazuki, Notsuda, Hirotsugu, Onodera, Ken, Watanabe, Tatsuaki, Watanabe, Yui, Suzuki, Takaya, Hirama, Takashi, Oishi, Hisashi, Niikawa, Hiromichi, and Okada, Yoshinori
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Long-term outcomes of 5-year survivors without recurrence after the complete resection of non-small cell lung cancer after lobectomy: a landmark analysis in consideration of competing risks
- Author
-
Koike, Yutaro, Aokage, Keiju, Wakabayashi, Masashi, Ikeno, Takashi, Onodera, Ken, Samejima, Joji, Miyoshi, Tomohiro, Tane, Kenta, Suzuki, Kenji, and Tsuboi, Masahiro
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Hamiltonian simulation for hyperbolic partial differential equations by scalable quantum circuits
- Author
-
Sato, Yuki, Kondo, Ruho, Hamamura, Ikko, Onodera, Tamiya, and Yamamoto, Naoki
- Subjects
Quantum Physics - Abstract
Solving partial differential equations for extremely large-scale systems within a feasible computation time serves in accelerating engineering developments. Quantum computing algorithms, particularly the Hamiltonian simulations, present a potential and promising approach to achieve this purpose. Actually, there are several oracle-based Hamiltonian simulations with potential quantum speedup, but their detailed implementations and accordingly the detailed computational complexities are all unclear. This paper presents a method that enables us to explicitly implement the quantum circuit for Hamiltonian simulation; the key technique is the explicit gate construction of differential operators contained in the target partial differential equation discretized by the finite difference method. Moreover, we show that the space and time complexities of the constructed circuit are exponentially smaller than those of conventional classical algorithms. We also provide numerical experiments and an experiment on a real device for the wave equation to demonstrate the validity of our proposed method., Comment: 25 pages, 6 figures
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Scaling on-chip photonic neural processors using arbitrarily programmable wave propagation
- Author
-
Onodera, Tatsuhiro, Stein, Martin M., Ash, Benjamin A., Sohoni, Mandar M., Bosch, Melissa, Yanagimoto, Ryotatsu, Jankowski, Marc, McKenna, Timothy P., Wang, Tianyu, Shvets, Gennady, Shcherbakov, Maxim R., Wright, Logan G., and McMahon, Peter L.
- Subjects
Physics - Optics ,Computer Science - Emerging Technologies ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
On-chip photonic processors for neural networks have potential benefits in both speed and energy efficiency but have not yet reached the scale at which they can outperform electronic processors. The dominant paradigm for designing on-chip photonics is to make networks of relatively bulky discrete components connected by one-dimensional waveguides. A far more compact alternative is to avoid explicitly defining any components and instead sculpt the continuous substrate of the photonic processor to directly perform the computation using waves freely propagating in two dimensions. We propose and demonstrate a device whose refractive index as a function of space, $n(x,z)$, can be rapidly reprogrammed, allowing arbitrary control over the wave propagation in the device. Our device, a 2D-programmable waveguide, combines photoconductive gain with the electro-optic effect to achieve massively parallel modulation of the refractive index of a slab waveguide, with an index modulation depth of $10^{-3}$ and approximately $10^4$ programmable degrees of freedom. We used a prototype device with a functional area of $12\,\text{mm}^2$ to perform neural-network inference with up to 49-dimensional input vectors in a single pass, achieving 96% accuracy on vowel classification and 86% accuracy on $7 \times 7$-pixel MNIST handwritten-digit classification. This is a scale beyond that of previous photonic chips relying on discrete components, illustrating the benefit of the continuous-waves paradigm. In principle, with large enough chip area, the reprogrammability of the device's refractive index distribution enables the reconfigurable realization of any passive, linear photonic circuit or device. This promises the development of more compact and versatile photonic systems for a wide range of applications, including optical processing, smart sensing, spectroscopy, and optical communications.
- Published
- 2024
23. Highly multimode visible squeezed light with programmable spectral correlations through broadband up-conversion
- Author
-
Presutti, Federico, Wright, Logan G., Ma, Shi-Yuan, Wang, Tianyu, Malia, Benjamin K., Onodera, Tatsuhiro, and McMahon, Peter L.
- Subjects
Quantum Physics ,Physics - Optics - Abstract
Multimode squeezed states of light have been proposed as a resource for achieving quantum advantage in computing and sensing. Recent experiments that demonstrate multimode Gaussian states to this end have most commonly opted for spatial or temporal modes, whereas a complete system based on frequency modes has yet to be realized. Instead, we show how to use the frequency modes simultaneously squeezed in a conventional, single-spatial-mode, optical parametric amplifier when pumped by ultrashort pulses. Specifically, we show how adiabatic frequency conversion can be used not only to convert the quantum state from infrared to visible wavelengths, but to concurrently manipulate the joint spectrum. This near unity-efficiency quantum frequency conversion, over a bandwidth >45 THz and, to our knowledge, the broadest to date, allows us to measure the state with an electron-multiplying CCD (EMCCD) camera-based spectrometer, at non-cryogenic temperatures. We demonstrate the squeezing of >400 frequency modes, with a mean of approximately 700 visible photons per shot. Our work shows how many-mode quantum states of light can be generated, manipulated, and measured with efficient use of hardware resources -- in our case, using one pulsed laser, two nonlinear crystals, and one camera. This ability to produce, with modest hardware resources, large multimode squeezed states with partial programmability motivates the use of frequency encoding for photonics-based quantum information processing.
- Published
- 2024
24. In vivo CRISPR screening directly targeting testicular cells.
- Author
-
Noguchi, Yuki, Onodera, Yasuhito, Miyamoto, Tatsuo, Maruoka, Masahiro, Kosako, Hidetaka, and Suzuki, Jun
- Subjects
CRISPR screening ,Hub-Explorer ,in vivo genome-wide screening ,multi-omics ,spermatogenesis ,Male ,Humans ,RNA ,Guide ,CRISPR-Cas Systems ,Semen ,Testis ,Spermatids ,Spermatogenesis - Abstract
CRISPR-Cas9 short guide RNA (sgRNA) library screening is a powerful approach to understand the molecular mechanisms of biological phenomena. However, its in vivo application is currently limited. Here, we developed our previously established in vitro revival screening method into an in vivo one to identify factors involved in spermatogenesis integrity by utilizing sperm capacitation as an indicator. By introducing an sgRNA library into testicular cells, we successfully pinpointed the retinal degeneration 3 (Rd3) gene as a significant factor in spermatogenesis. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis highlighted the high expression of Rd3 in round spermatids, and proteomics analysis indicated that Rd3 interacts with mitochondria. To search for cell-type-specific signaling pathways based on scRNA-seq and proteomics analyses, we developed a computational tool, Hub-Explorer. Through this, we discovered that Rd3 modulates oxidative stress by regulating mitochondrial distribution upon ciliogenesis induction. Collectively, our screening system provides a valuable in vivo approach to decipher molecular mechanisms in biological processes.
- Published
- 2024
25. Microwave signal processing using an analog quantum reservoir computer
- Author
-
Senanian, Alen, Prabhu, Sridhar, Kremenetski, Vladimir, Roy, Saswata, Cao, Yingkang, Kline, Jeremy, Onodera, Tatsuhiro, Wright, Logan G., Wu, Xiaodi, Fatemi, Valla, and McMahon, Peter L.
- Subjects
Quantum Physics - Abstract
Quantum reservoir computing (QRC) has been proposed as a paradigm for performing machine learning with quantum processors where the training is efficient in the number of required runs of the quantum processor and takes place in the classical domain, avoiding the issue of barren plateaus in parameterized-circuit quantum neural networks. It is natural to consider using a quantum processor based on superconducting circuits to classify microwave signals that are analog -- continuous in time. However, while theoretical proposals of analog QRC exist, to date QRC has been implemented using circuit-model quantum systems -- imposing a discretization of the incoming signal in time, with each time point input by executing a gate operation. In this paper we show how a quantum superconducting circuit comprising an oscillator coupled to a qubit can be used as an analog quantum reservoir for a variety of classification tasks, achieving high accuracy on all of them. Our quantum system was operated without artificially discretizing the input data, directly taking in microwave signals. Our work does not attempt to address the question of whether QRCs could provide a quantum computational advantage in classifying pre-recorded classical signals. However, beyond illustrating that sophisticated tasks can be performed with a modest-size quantum system and inexpensive training, our work opens up the possibility of achieving a different kind of advantage than a purely computational advantage: superconducting circuits can act as extremely sensitive detectors of microwave photons; our work demonstrates processing of ultra-low-power microwave signals in our superconducting circuit, and by combining sensitive detection with QRC processing within the same system, one could achieve a quantum sensing-computational advantage, i.e., an advantage in the overall analysis of microwave signals comprising just a few photons.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Enhanced star formation and metallicity deficit in the USS 1558-003 forming protocluster at z=2.53
- Author
-
Pérez-Martínez, Jose Manuel, Kodama, Tadayuki, Koyama, Yusei, Shimakawa, Rhythm, Suzuki, Tomoko L., Daikuhara, Kazuki, Adachi, Kota, Onodera, Masato, and Tanaka, Ichi
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
We use K-band multi-object near-infrared spectroscopy with Keck/MOSFIRE to search for environmental imprints on the gas properties of 27 narrow-band selected H$\alpha$ emitters (HAEs) across the three major clumps of the assembling USS1558--003 protocluster at $z=2.53$. We target the H$\alpha$ and [NII]$\lambda$6584 emission lines to obtain star-formation rates (SFR) and gas-phase oxygen abundances for our sources, confirming the membership of 23 objects. HAEs belonging to this protocluster display enhanced SFRs with respect to the main sequence of star formation at the same cosmic epoch. This effect is more prominent for low-mass galaxies ($\mathrm{\log M_*/M_\odot<10.0}$), which may be experiencing a vigorous phase of mass assembly shortly after they were formed. We compute the individual and stacked gas-phase metallicities for our sources finding a metallicity deficit for low-mass objects when compared against the field mass-metallicity relation and the massive Spiderweb protocluster at $z=2.16$. These results suggest that HAEs within USS1558--003 may be less evolved than those in the Spiderweb protocluster. Finally, we explore the gas metallicity - gas fraction relation for a small sample of five galaxies with CO(3-2) molecular gas information. Assuming our objects are in equilibrium, we obtain a relatively wide range of mass loading factors ($\mathrm{\lambda=0.5-2}$) matching field samples at the cosmic noon but in contrast with our previous results in the Spiderweb protocluster. We speculate that these discrepancies between protoclusters may be (partly) driven by differences in their current dynamical and mass assembly stages, hinting at the co-evolution of protoclusters and their galaxy populations at $2
- Published
- 2023
27. Comprehensive analysis of transcription factors involved in odontoblast differentiation mechanism
- Author
-
Nakazato, Haruka, Onodera, Shoko, Aida, Natsuko, Furusawa, Masahiro, and Azuma, Toshifumi
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. The CONUT score is associated with the pathologic grade in non-small cell lung cancer
- Author
-
Onodera, Ken, Notsuda, Hirotsugu, Watanabe, Tatsuaki, Watanabe, Yui, Suzuki, Takaya, Hirama, Takashi, Oishi, Hisashi, Niikawa, Hiromichi, Noda, Masafumi, and Okada, Yoshinori
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Transparency-enhancing technology allows the three-dimensional assessment of esophageal carcinoma obtained by endoscopic submucosal dissection
- Author
-
Asahina, Yuichi, Hinata, Munetoshi, Tanaka, Asami, Oshio, Kaori, Ogawa, Haruki, Aihara, Makoto, Onodera, Hiroshi, and Ushiku, Tetsuo
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. A comparative study of surgical outcomes for secondary spontaneous pneumothorax and the postoperative survival prognostic factor: interstitial vs. non-interstitial pneumonia
- Author
-
Noda, Masafumi, Onodera, Ken, Watanabe, Tatsuaki, Watanabe, Yui, Notsuda, Hirotsugu, Suzuki, Takaya, Oishi, Hisashi, Nikawa, Hiromichi, and Okada, Yoshinori
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Cerebellar compensation: a case of aphasia due to cerebellar hemorrhage
- Author
-
Kinoshita, Yukiko, Hatakeyama, Masahiro, Otsuki, Mika, Ishiguro, Takanobu, Saji, Etsuji, Kanazawa, Masato, and Onodera, Osamu
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Mesoscopic ultrafast nonlinear optics -- The emergence of multimode quantum non-Gaussian physics
- Author
-
Yanagimoto, Ryotatsu, Ng, Edwin, Jankowski, Marc, Nehra, Rajveer, McKenna, Timothy P., Onodera, Tatsuhiro, Wright, Logan G., Hamerly, Ryan, Marandi, Alireza, Fejer, M. M., and Mabuchi, Hideo
- Subjects
Quantum Physics ,Physics - Optics - Abstract
Over the last few decades, nonlinear optics has become significantly more nonlinear, traversing nearly a billionfold improvement in energy efficiency, with ultrafast nonlinear nanophotonics in particular emerging as a frontier for combining both spatial and temporal engineering. At present, cutting-edge experiments in nonlinear nanophotonics place us just above the mesoscopic regime, where a few hundred photons suffice to trigger nonlinear saturation. In contrast to classical or deep-quantum optics, the mesoscale is characterized by dynamical interactions between mean-field, Gaussian, and non-Gaussian quantum features, all within a close hierarchy of scales. When combined with the inherent multimode complexity of optical fields, such hybrid quantum-classical dynamics present theoretical, experimental, and engineering challenges to the contemporary framework of quantum optics. In this review, we highlight the unique physics that emerges in multimode nonlinear optics at the mesoscale and outline key principles for exploiting both classical and quantum features to engineer novel functionalities. We briefly survey the experimental landscape and draw attention to outstanding technical challenges in materials, dispersion engineering, and device design for accessing mesoscopic operation. Finally, we speculate on how these capabilities might usher in some new paradigms in quantum photonics, from quantum-augmented information processing to nonclassical-light-driven dynamics and phenomena to all-optical non-Gaussian measurement and sensing. The physics unlocked at the mesoscale present significant challenges and opportunities in theory and experiment alike, and this review is intended to serve as a guidepost as we begin to navigate this new frontier in ultrafast quantum nonlinear optics., Comment: The first two authors contributed equally to this work; 26 pages, 7 figures
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. A proto-cluster of massive quiescent galaxies at z=4
- Author
-
Tanaka, Masayuki, Onodera, Masato, Shimakawa, Rhythm, Ito, Kei, Kakimoto, Takumi, Kubo, Mariko, Morishita, Takahiro, Toft, Sune, Valentino, Francesco, and Wu, Po-Feng
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
We report on discovery of a concentration of massive quiescent galaxies located at z=4. The concentration is first identified using high-quality photometric redshifts based on deep, mutli-band data in Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Field. Follow-up near-infrared spectroscopic observations with MOSFIRE on Keck confirm a massive (~10^{11} Msun) quiescent galaxy at z=3.99. Our spectral energy distribution (SED) analyses reveal that the galaxy experienced an episode of starburst about 500 Myr prior to the observed epoch, followed by rapid quenching. As its spectrum is sufficiently good to measure the stellar velocity dispersion, we infer its dynamical mass and find that it is consistent with its stellar mass. The galaxy is surrounded by 4 massive (>10^{10} Msun) quiescent galaxies on a ~1 physical Mpc scale, all of which are consistent with being located at the same redshift based on high-accuracy spectro-photometric redshifts. This is likely a (proto-)cluster dominated by quiescent galaxies, the first of the kind reported at such a high redshift as z=4. Interestingly, it is in a large-scale structure revealed by spectroscopic redshifts from VANDELS. Furthermore, it exhibits the red sequence, adding further support to the physical concentration of the galaxies. We find no such concentration in the Illustris-TNG300 simulation; it may be that the cluster is such a rare system that the simulation box is not sufficiently large to reproduce it. The total halo mass of the quiescent galaxies is ~10^{13} Msun, suggesting that they form a group-sized halo once they collapse together. We discuss implications of our findings for the quenching physics and conclude with future prospects., Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures, submitted to ApJ
- Published
- 2023
34. Using system-reservoir methods to derive effective field theories for broadband nonlinear quantum optics: a case study on cascaded quadratic nonlinearities
- Author
-
Gustin, Chris, Yanagimoto, Ryotatsu, Ng, Edwin, Onodera, Tatsuhiro, and Mabuchi, Hideo
- Subjects
Quantum Physics ,Physics - Optics - Abstract
In broadband quantum optical systems, nonlinear interactions among a large number of frequency components induce complex dynamics that may defy heuristic analysis. In this work we introduce a perturbative framework for factoring out reservoir degrees of freedom and establishing a concise effective model (effective field theory) for the remaining system. Our approach combines approximate diagonalization of judiciously partitioned subsystems with master equation techniques. We consider cascaded optical $\chi^{(2)}$ (quadratic) nonlinearities as an example and show that the dynamics can be construed (to leading order) as self-phase modulations of dressed fundamental modes plus cross-phase modulations of dressed fundamental and second-harmonic modes. We then formally eliminate the second-harmonic degrees of freedom and identify emergent features of the fundamental wave dynamics, such as two-photon loss channels, and examine conditions for accuracy of the reduced model in dispersive and dissipative parameter regimes. Our results highlight the utility of system-reservoir methods for deriving accurate, intuitive reduced models for complex dynamics in broadband nonlinear quantum photonics., Comment: 25 pages, 8 figures
- Published
- 2023
35. A statistical significance testing approach for measuring term burstiness with applications to domain-specific terminology extraction
- Author
-
Hurtado, Samuel Sarria, Mullen, Todd, Onodera, Taku, and Sheridan, Paul
- Subjects
Computer Science - Information Retrieval - Abstract
A term in a corpus is said to be ``bursty'' (or overdispersed) when its occurrences are concentrated in few out of many documents. In this paper, we propose Residual Inverse Collection Frequency (RICF), a statistical significance test inspired heuristic for quantifying term burstiness. The chi-squared test is, to our knowledge, the sole test of statistical significance among existing term burstiness measures. Chi-squared test term burstiness scores are computed from the collection frequency statistic (i.e., the proportion that a specified term constitutes in relation to all terms within a corpus). However, the document frequency of a term (i.e., the proportion of documents within a corpus in which a specific term occurs) is exploited by certain other widely used term burstiness measures. RICF addresses this shortcoming of the chi-squared test by virtue of its term burstiness scores systematically incorporating both the collection frequency and document frequency statistics. We evaluate the RICF measure on a domain-specific technical terminology extraction task using the GENIA Term corpus benchmark, which comprises 2,000 annotated biomedical article abstracts. RICF generally outperformed the chi-squared test in terms of precision at k score with percent improvements of 0.00% (P@10), 6.38% (P@50), 6.38% (P@100), 2.27% (P@500), 2.61% (P@1000), and 1.90% (P@5000). Furthermore, RICF performance was competitive with the performances of other well-established measures of term burstiness. Based on these findings, we consider our contributions in this paper as a promising starting point for future exploration in leveraging statistical significance testing in text analysis., Comment: 19 pages, 1 figure, 6 tables
- Published
- 2023
36. Characterization of genetic resistance to cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)
- Author
-
Yue Wu, Hideki Hirakawa, Chikara Masuta, and Yasuyuki Onodera
- Subjects
Cucumber mosaic virus ,Extreme resistance ,Hypersensitive resistance ,Spinach ,Spinacia oleracea ,Medicine ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 - Abstract
Abstract Objective Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is a significant pathogen causing quality loss in spinach. Although host genetic resistance is the primary method of managing CMV infection in this crop, CMV resistance genes are not widely utilized in spinach breeding programs as the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying resistance are not yet fully understood. CMV infections were therefore studied in different lines of spinach plants, and their progeny, to develop a model of the genetic basis of CMV resistance. Results Visual observations and RT-PCR assays revealed that three monoecious lines (03-258, 03-263, and 03-336) were susceptible to CMV, while three traditional resistant cultivars and a near-isogenic line (NIL-M) exhibited resistance. A dioecious line (03–009) consisted of susceptible and resistant plants. Notably, resistant plants did not exhibit the lesions typical of the hypersensitive response. Genetic analysis of progeny from the cross NIL-M × 03-336 indicated that a single dominant allele (designated SRCm1, standing for Spinach Resistance to CMV 1) controlled CMV resistance; analysis of sib-cross progeny populations derived from line 03–009 supported this conclusion. These results offer a valuable model for CMV resistance in spinach and will enhance future breeding programs.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. SMN2 gene copy number affects the incidence and prognosis of motor neuron diseases in Japan
- Author
-
Tomohiko Ishihara, Akihide Koyama, Naoki Atsuta, Mari Tada, Saori Toyoda, Kenta Kashiwagi, Sachiko Hirokawa, Yuya Hatano, Akio Yokoseki, Ryoichi Nakamura, Genki Tohnai, Yuishin Izumi, Ryuji Kaji, Mitsuya Morita, Asako Tamura, Osamu Kano, Masashi Aoki, Satoshi Kuwabara, Akiyoshi Kakita, Gen Sobue, and Osamu Onodera
- Subjects
ALS ,SMA ,LMND ,SMN ,Copy number status ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Abstract Background The copy number status (CNS) of the survival motor neuron (SMN) gene may influence the risk and prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and lower motor neuron diseases (LMND) other than spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). However, previous studies of this association, mainly from Europe, have yielded controversial results, suggesting possible regional differences. Here, we investigated the effect of the SMN gene in Japanese patients with ALS and LMND. Methods We examined the SMN copy numbers and clinical histories of 487 Japanese patients with sporadic ALS (281 men; mean age at onset 61.5 years), 50 with adult LMND (50 men; mean age at onset 58.4 years) and 399 Japanese controls (171 men; mean age 62.2 years). Patients with pathogenic mutations in ALS-causing genes were excluded. SMN1 and SMN2 copy numbers were determined using the droplet digital polymerase chain reaction. Results The frequency of a copy number of one for the SMN2 gene was higher in patients with ALS (38.0%) than in healthy controls (30.8%) (odds ratio (OR) = 1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04–1.82, p
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. CCR7 depletion alleviates bony growth imbalance following physeal injury in mice
- Author
-
WooYoung Kim, Yuko Sakai, Masatake Matsuoka, Yoshiaki Hosokawa, Ryuichi Fukuda, Kentaro Homan, Tomohiro Onodera, and Norimasa Iwasaki
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Growth plates are the frequent sites of skeletal injury in children, leading to skeletal growth imbalances. Chemokines, including the receptor CCR7, play a crucial role in stem cell recruitment and cartilage homeostasis, with previous studies linking CCR7 to osteoarthritis progression. However, its role in growth plate cartilage remains unclear. We analyzed the role of CCR7 in the physeal cartilage repair process in mice model. Physeal injury was created in the proximal tibia in 3-week-old C57BL/6 mice (WT) and CCR7-knockout mice (CCR7−/−). Tibial length was measured macroscopically and sections of the physeal injury were analyzed histologically and immunohistochemically. Height and bone volume of the tibial growth plate and bone mineral density (BMD) of the subchondral area were measured by micro-CT. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were harvested and gene expression after osteogenic differentiation was analyzed using qRT-PCR. At 1, 3 and 5 weeks postoperatively, injured tibiae of CCR7−/− mice were less shortened than those of WT mice. Bone volume of the physeal bridge was significantly lower in CCR7−/− mice than in WT mice. In contrast, BMD of the subchondral area was comparable between CCR−/− and WT mice, and between sham and operated tibiae. In osteogenic differentiation, CCR7−/− mice showed significantly lowered expression of osteogenic markers such as Osterix, Runx2 and Type X collagen. We demonstrated CCR7 depletion in mice inhibited physeal bridge formation and ameliorated growth imbalances after physeal injury.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. An mRNA vaccine candidate encoding H5HA clade 2.3.4.4b protects mice from clade 2.3.2.1a virus infection
- Author
-
Shiho Chiba, Maki Kiso, Shinya Yamada, Kazuhiko Someya, Yoshikuni Onodera, Aya Yamaguchi, Satoko Matsunaga, Ryuta Uraki, Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto, Seiya Yamayoshi, Fumihiko Takeshita, and Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Subjects
Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 viruses from different clades have been circulating globally, threatening wild/domestic birds and mammals. Given frequent spillovers and high mortality among mammals, coupled with our inability to predict which clade of H5 virus has pandemic potential, cross-clade protective HPAI H5 vaccines are urgently needed. Here, we demonstrate the applicability of a lipid nanoparticle-based mRNA vaccine modality to induce cross-protective immunity against lethal HPAI virus infection.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Effectiveness of a report writing training program using peer review: evidence from first- year medical students
- Author
-
Hajime Kasai, Mayumi Asahina, Hiroshi Tajima, Kiyoshi Shikino, Ikuo Shimizu, Misaki Onodera, Yasuhiko Kimura, Nobuyuki Araki, Tomoko Tsukamoto, Sachie Yoshida, Kazuyo Yamauchi, and Shoichi Ito
- Subjects
Academic writing ,Report ,Peer review ,Medical students ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 ,Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background Report writing in class provides basic training for academic writing. However, report writing education in medical schools in Japan has rarely been reported and no teaching strategy has been established for it. Methods This study developed a report writing program using peer review for first-year medical students consisting of two 120-minute classes. The goal of being able to write reports appropriately was established and presented to students at the beginning of the program. In session 1, students decided on a topic, gathered information, and structured their report. In session 2, students’ written reports were peer reviewed. The reports were improved based on the peer reviews. The responses of the pre- and post-program questionnaires were evaluated to determine the program’s effectiveness. The other reports that were assigned one month after the program were used as comparison with the reports of students who did not participate. Furthermore, the long-term effects of the program were also evaluated by comparing the results of students from the previous year who did not participate in the program with those of program participants six months after the program. Results A total of 106 students completed the questionnaire evaluation. The program was rated as being acceptable for the students. Self-assessment of report writing significantly improved after the program. The report scores of program participants (n = 99) were significantly higher overall and in all domains than were those of non-participants (n = 99). The self-assessment of students who participated (n = 96) was significantly higher than that of non-participants (n = 109). No difference was observed for students’ sense of burden in report writing. Conclusions The report writing skills of medical students can be improved by clearly establishing the goals of report writing and practicing the basic skills of report writing step-by-step. Moreover, the use of peer review may enhance the effectiveness of learning opportunities for report writing.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. A case of isolated dystextia due to subcortical infarction: a novel condition of digital device era
- Author
-
Masahiro Hatakeyama, Takeshi Kanayama, Saori Tokunaga, Toshiya Kizaki, Shintaro Tsuboguchi, Masato Kanazawa, and Osamu Onodera
- Subjects
Dystypia ,Dystextia ,Romaji ,Subcortical lesion ,Diaschisis ,Cerebral infarction ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Abstract Background In recent years, cases of dystextia (texting disabilities) and dystypia (typing disabilities) have been reported. However, reports describing isolated dystextia without aphasia or other cognitive impairments are rare, and the detailed pathophysiology is not fully understood. Most Japanese people use the alphabetical spelling system (Romaji) for texting and typing. Herein, we report the case of a man with isolated dystextia and dystypia resulting from Romaji conversion difficulties. Case presentation A 48-year-old, right-handed Japanese man developed texting and typing difficulties. The standard neuropsychological tests showed no signs of aphasia or other cognitive impairments, except for slight executive dysfunction. Thus, isolated dystextia and dystypia were diagnosed. Furthermore, the patient experienced Romaji conversion difficulties. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a subcortical infarction in the left cerebral hemisphere. Single photon emission tomography revealed hypoperfusion, including in the left dorsolateral frontal cortex. Conclusions The left dorsolateral frontal cortex may be related to Romaji conversion in Japanese individuals. Therefore, diaschisis of the left dorsolateral frontal cortex due to subcortical lesions may have impaired Romaji conversion, leading to dystextia and dystypia, in this patient.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Transvenous extraction of a left bundle branch area pacing lead and an attempt to reimplant it: A case report
- Author
-
Takehiro Nomura, MD, Tsuyoshi Isawa, MD, Kosuke Onodera, MD, Shigeru Toyoda, MD, PhD, Kennosuke Yamashita, MD, PhD, FHRS, and Taku Honda, MD
- Subjects
Pacemaker ,Conduction system pacing ,Left bundle branch area pacing ,Transvenous lead extraction ,Pacemaker infection ,Lumenless lead ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. A massive quiescent galaxy in a group environment at $z=4.53$
- Author
-
Kakimoto, Takumi, Tanaka, Masayuki, Onodera, Masato, Shimakawa, Rhythm, Wu, Po-Feng, Gould, Katriona M. L., Ito, Kei, Jin, Shuowen, Kubo, Mariko, Suzuki, Tomoko L., Toft, Sune, Valentino, Francesco, and Yabe, Kiyoto
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
We report on the spectroscopic confirmation of a massive quiescent galaxy at $z_\mathrm{spec}=4.53$ in the COSMOS field. The object was first identified as a galaxy with suppressed star formation at $z_\mathrm{phot}\sim4.65$ from the COSMOS2020 catalog. The follow-up spectroscopy with Keck/MOSFIRE in the $K$-band reveals faint [OII] emission and the Balmer break, indicative of evolved stellar populations. We perform the spectral energy distribution fitting using photometry and spectrum to infer physical properties. The obtained stellar mass is high ($M_*\sim 10^{10.8}\,M_\odot$) and the current star formation rate is more than 1 dex below that of main-sequence galaxies at $z=4.5$. Its star formation history suggests that this galaxy experienced rapid quenching from $z\sim 5$. The galaxy is among the youngest quiescent galaxies confirmed so far at $z_\mathrm{spec}>3$ with $z_\mathrm{form}\sim5.2$ ($200\,\mathrm{Myr}$ ago), which is the epoch when 50\% of total stellar mass was formed. A unique aspect of the galaxy is that it is in an extremely dense region; there are four massive star-forming galaxies at $4.4
- Published
- 2023
44. Generating observation guided ensembles for data assimilation with denoising diffusion probabilistic model
- Author
-
Asahi, Yuuichi, Hasegawa, Yuta, Onodera, Naoyuki, Shimokawabe, Takashi, Shiba, Hayato, and Idomura, Yasuhiro
- Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Physics - Computational Physics - Abstract
This paper presents an ensemble data assimilation method using the pseudo ensembles generated by denoising diffusion probabilistic model. Since the model is trained against noisy and sparse observation data, this model can produce divergent ensembles close to observations. Thanks to the variance in generated ensembles, our proposed method displays better performance than the well-established ensemble data assimilation method when the simulation model is imperfect.
- Published
- 2023
45. GPU Optimization of Lattice Boltzmann Method with Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter
- Author
-
Hasegawa, Yuta, Imamura, Toshiyuki, Ina, Takuya, Onodera, Naoyuki, Asahi, Yuuichi, and Idomura, Yasuhiro
- Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics ,Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing ,Physics - Computational Physics - Abstract
The ensemble data assimilation of computational fluid dynamics simulations based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and the local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) is implemented and optimized on a GPU supercomputer based on NVIDIA A100 GPUs. To connect the LBM and LETKF parts, data transpose communication is optimized by overlapping computation, file I/O, and communication based on data dependency in each LETKF kernel. In two dimensional forced isotropic turbulence simulations with the ensemble size of $M=64$ and the number of grid points of $N_x=128^2$, the optimized implementation achieved $\times3.80$ speedup from the naive implementation, in which the LETKF part is not parallelized. The main computing kernel of the local problem is the eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) of $M\times M$ real symmetric dense matrices, which is computed by a newly developed batched EVD in $\verb|EigenG|$. The batched EVD in $\verb|EigenG|$ outperforms that in $\verb|cuSOLVER|$, and $\times65.3$ speedup was achieved.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Continuous data assimilation of large eddy simulation by lattice Boltzmann method and local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LBM-LETKF)
- Author
-
Hasegawa, Yuta, Onodera, Naoyuki, Asahi, Yuuichi, Ina, Takuya, Imamura, Toshiyuki, and Idomura, Yasuhiro
- Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics ,Physics - Computational Physics - Abstract
We investigate the applicability of the data assimilation (DA) to large eddy simulations (LESs) based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). We carry out the observing system simulation experiment of a two-dimensional (2D) forced isotropic turbulence, and examine the DA accuracy of the nudging and the local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) with spatially sparse and noisy observation data of flow fields. The advantage of the LETKF is that it does not require computing spatial interpolation and/or an inverse problem between the macroscopic variables (the density and the pressure) and the velocity distribution function of the LBM, while the nudging introduces additional models for them. The numerical experiments with $256\times256$ grids and $10\%$ observation noise in the velocity showed that the root mean square error of the velocity in the LETKF with $8\times 8$ observation points ($\sim 0.1\%$ of the total grids) and 64 ensemble members becomes smaller than the observation noise, while the nudging requires an order of magnitude larger number of observation points to achieve the same accuracy. Another advantage of the LETKF is that it well keeps the amplitude of the energy spectrum, while only the phase error becomes larger with more sparse observation. We also see that a lack of observation data in the LETKF produces a spurious energy injection in high wavenumber regimes, leading to numerical instability. Such numerical instability is known as the catastrophic filter divergence problem, which can be suppressed by increasing the number of ensemble members. From these results, it was shown that the LETKF enables robust and accurate DA for the 2D LBM with sparse and noisy observation data., Comment: 27 pages, 14 figures
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Size - Stellar Mass Relation and Morphology of Quiescent Galaxies at $z\geq3$ in Public $JWST$ Fields
- Author
-
Ito, Kei, Valentino, Francesco, Brammer, Gabriel, Faisst, Andreas L., Gillman, Steven, Gomez-Guijarro, Carlos, Gould, Katriona M. L., Heintz, Kasper E., Ilbert, Olivier, Jespersen, Christian Kragh, Kokorev, Vasily, Kubo, Mariko, Magdis, Georgios E., McPartland, Conor, Onodera, Masato, Rizzo, Francesca, Tanaka, Masayuki, Toft, Sune, Vijayan, Aswin P., Weaver, John R., Whitaker, Katherine E., and Wright, Lillian
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
We present the results of a systematic study of the rest-frame optical morphology of quiescent galaxies at $z \geq 3$ using the Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) onboard $JWST$. Based on a sample selected by $UVJ$ color or $NUVUVJ$ color, we focus on 26 quiescent galaxies with $9.8<\log{(M_\star/M_\odot)}<11.4$ at $2.8
10.3$ implies that our size - stellar mass relations are below those at lower redshifts, with the amplitude of $\sim0.6\, {\rm kpc}$ at $M_\star = 5\times 10^{10}\, M_\odot$. This value agrees with the extrapolation from the size evolution of quiescent galaxies at $z<3$ in the literature, implying that the size of quiescent galaxies increases monotonically from $z\sim3-5$. Our sample is mainly composed of galaxies with bulge-like structures according to their median S\'ersic index and axis ratio of $n\sim3-4$ and $q\sim0.6-0.8$, respectively. On the other hand, there is a trend of increasing fraction of galaxies with low S\'ersic index, suggesting $3 - Published
- 2023
48. ACA CO($J=2-1$) Mapping of the Nearest Spiral Galaxy M33. I. Initial Results and Identification of Molecular Clouds
- Author
-
Muraoka, Kazuyuki, Konishi, Ayu, Tokuda, Kazuki, Kondo, Hiroshi, Miura, Rie E., Tosaki, Tomoka, Onodera, Sachiko, Kuno, Nario, Kobayashi, Masato I. N., Tsuge, Kisetsu, Sano, Hidetoshi, Kitano, Naoya, Fujita, Shinji, Nishimura, Atsushi, Onishi, Toshikazu, Saigo, Kazuya, Yamada, Rin I., Demachi, Fumika, Tachihara, Kengo, Fukui, Yasuo, and Kawamura, Akiko
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
We present the results of ALMA-ACA 7 m-array observations in $^{12}$CO($J=2-1$), $^{13}$CO($J=2-1$), and C$^{18}$O($J=2-1$) line emission toward the molecular-gas disk in the Local Group spiral galaxy M33 at an angular resolution of 7".31 $\times$ 6".50 (30 pc $\times$ 26 pc). We combined the ACA 7 m-array $^{12}$CO($J=2-1$) data with the IRAM 30 m data to compensate for emission from diffuse molecular-gas components. The ACA+IRAM combined $^{12}$CO($J=2-1$) map clearly depicts the cloud-scale molecular-gas structure over the M33 disk. Based on the ACA+IRAM $^{12}$CO($J=2-1$) cube data, we cataloged 848 molecular clouds with a mass range from $10^3$ $M_{\odot}$ to $10^6$ $M_{\odot}$. We found that high-mass clouds ($\geq 10^5 M_{\odot}$) tend to associate with the $8 \mu$m-bright sources in the spiral arm region, while low-mass clouds ($< 10^5 M_{\odot}$) tend to be apart from such $8 \mu$m-bright sources and to exist in the inter-arm region. We compared the cataloged clouds with GMCs observed by the IRAM 30 m telescope at 49 pc resolution (IRAM GMC: Corbelli et al. 2017), and found that a small IRAM GMC is likely to be identified as a single molecular cloud even in ACA+IRAM CO data, while a large IRAM GMC can be resolved into multiple ACA+IRAM clouds. The velocity dispersion of a large IRAM GMC is mainly dominated by the line-of-sight velocity difference between small clouds inside the GMC rather than the internal cloud velocity broadening., Comment: 23 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Quantum data learning for quantum simulations in high-energy physics
- Author
-
Nagano, Lento, Miessen, Alexander, Onodera, Tamiya, Tavernelli, Ivano, Tacchino, Francesco, and Terashi, Koji
- Subjects
Quantum Physics ,High Energy Physics - Lattice ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology - Abstract
Quantum machine learning with parametrised quantum circuits has attracted significant attention over the past years as an early application for the era of noisy quantum processors. However, the possibility of achieving concrete advantages over classical counterparts in practical learning tasks is yet to be demonstrated. A promising avenue to explore potential advantages is the learning of data generated by quantum mechanical systems and presented in an inherently quantum mechanical form. In this article, we explore the applicability of quantum-data learning to practical problems in high-energy physics, aiming to identify domain specific use-cases where quantum models can be employed. We consider quantum states governed by one-dimensional lattice gauge theories and a phenomenological quantum field theory in particle physics, generated by digital quantum simulations or variational methods to approximate target states. We make use of an ansatz based on quantum convolutional neural networks and numerically show that it is capable of recognizing quantum phases of ground states in the Schwinger model, (de)confinement phases from time-evolved states in the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge theory, and that it can extract fermion flavor/coupling constants in a quantum simulation of parton shower. The observation of non-trivial learning properties demonstrated in these benchmarks will motivate further exploration of the quantum-data learning architecture in high-energy physics., Comment: 16 pages, 14 figures
- Published
- 2023
50. Do associated proximal fibula fractures help predict the severity of tibial plateau fractures?
- Author
-
Mackie, Duncan, Mitchell, Brendon, Onodera, Keenan, Kent, William, Siow, Matthew, and Berger, Garrett
- Subjects
Bicondylar tibial plateau fracture ,Meniscus tear ,Proximal fibula fracture ,Tibial plateau fracture ,Humans ,Tibial Plateau Fractures ,Fibula Fractures ,Tibial Fractures ,Retrospective Studies ,Radiography - Abstract
PURPOSE: Proximal fibula fractures are often associated with tibial plateau fractures, but their relationship is poorly characterized. The purpose of this study was to better define the relationship between tibial plateau injury severity and presence of associated soft tissue injuries. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on all operatively treated tibial plateau fractures at a Level 1 trauma center over a 5-year period. Patient demographics, injury radiographs, CT scans, operative reports and follow-up were reviewed. RESULTS: Queried tibial plateau fractures from 2014 to 2019 totaled 217 fractures in 215 patients. Fifty-two percent were classified as AO/OTA 41B and 48% were AO/OTA 41C. Thirty-nine percent had an associated proximal fibula fracture. The presence of a proximal fibula fracture had significant correlation with AO/OTA 41C fractures, as compared with AO/OTA 41B fractures (chi-square, p
- Published
- 2023
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.