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International audience; Purpose: The results of studies of sporadic radio emission of several types of space radio sources, including neutron stars and planets of the Solar System, are presented. The aim of this work is to review the latest achievements in the study of low-frequency radio emission of the Solar System planets and transient signals similar to pulsar pulses using the UTR-2 radio telescope. The importance of the development of the verification methods of the spaceborne radio emission in the study of sporadic signals from various sources is shown. Design/methodology/approach: The studies of sporadic signals of different nature are based on the common set of procedures for cleaning records from the terrestrial radio frequency interference (RFI) in the frequency-time pattern using the information on the nature of the particular type of sporadic radio emission, possible types of interference and signal distortion. Characteristic features of sporadic radio emission of different sources are given, and for each of them the optimal method of signal extraction is developed. The efficiency of the developed procedures for cleaning from noise using adjustable parameters is shown. This is done on the basis of observations of diverse types of space radio sources, such as lightnings in the atmospheres of planets, single pulses of neutron stars and sporadic radio emission of Jupiter. Findings: The developed methods of signal extraction detection in the presence of radio-interference have allowed obtaining the unique results such as: the distribution of the total intensity of single pulses of neutron stars depending on the galactic latitude; the automatic search of lightnings in the Saturn’s atmosphere in data due to the carefully elaborated RFI mitigation procedures, which made it possible to obtain the Saturn electrostatic discharge (SED) emission parameters based on the most complete set of events. Increased efficiency of the selection of Jupiter’s S-radiation signals despite the data corruption by the presence of radio-interference, which was reached due to the carefully chosen parameters of data cleaning procedures, have allowed us to detect short and intensive bursts, being the most informative for determining the physical parameters of radio emission in the area of their generation. Conclusions: The large effective area and high sensitivity of the UTR-2 radio telescope allow making the sporadic radio emission study with high temporal and frequency resolutions. Due to these factors we can apply a wide range of methods of space signals’ detection in the presence of terrestrial radio-frequency interference of natural and artificial origin. The data cleaning parameters allow accounting for the characteristic features of space signals and to obtain important and even unique scientific results. Key words: decameter wavelength range; UTR-2; sporadic radio emission; transients; lightning in the atmospheres of planets; Jupiter S-bursts

The major method of malignant bone tumors treatment is surgery. The most important task of an orthopedic surgeon is to preserve an adjacent joint. Currently, there are a large number of various reconstructive surgeries, including structural bone allograft, allocomposite and modular endoprosthetics replacement. The aim: to analyze the results of surgical treatment for proximal tibia malignant tumors using modular endoprosthesis. Materials and methods. The results of proximal tibia (PT) modular endoprosthetic replacement in 48 patients with PT tumor lesions were evaluated. The patients were divided into two groups: I (n = 36) – tumor resection and primary modular endoprosthesis, II (n = 12) – revision modular endoprosthetic replacement due to complications. Complications were divided into oncological, mechanical and non-mechanical. The functional outcomes were measured using the MSTS and TESS scores. Results. During the treatment, 10 (21.2 %) patients underwent myofascioplastic amputation at the middle third of the thigh: due to periprosthetic infection – 8 people and tumor recurrence – 2. It was found that the patients got back to regular way of life on average in 2.0–2.5 months. Functional results on the MSTS score were 73 ± 12 %, on the TESS score – 74 ± 16 %, which corresponds to good functional results. Among the patients, who underwent limb salvage surgery, no tumor recurrence was detected during a follow-up period from 6 months up to 11 years. Conclusions. The choice of surgical treatment depends on the size of tumor, its location, pathohistomorphological picture, age, presence of pathological fractures, vascular and nerve tumor invasion. The use of modern designs of PT modular tumor endoprostheses and perfect surgeries makes it possible to minimize complications.

The presented work presents the results of the effectiveness of the bioregulatory approach in stimulating sports horses. The aim of the study was to find a way to safely restore the energy balance and prevent the occurrence of inflammatory processes in the musculoskeletal system during significant physical exertion. Sport horses spend a lot of energy not only in competition, but also during daily training. Such loads require a high supply of energy. Often the body uses its last reserves to compensate for its energy needs, which leads to exhaustion and the appearance of various diseases. First of all, diseases occur in the musculoskeletal system, because it is the limbs that bear the greatest load during training. As you know, various synthetic doping is introduced to keep animals in a sporty tone. Their action is not long-lasting, but it has many side effects for the animal's body and leads to disruption of the functioning of organs and systems. Today, there is an alternative to such stimulation methods thanks to a bioregulatory approach in the treatment of animals using preparations containing exclusively natural ingredients. To confirm the effectiveness of the use of bioregulatory drugs, clinical and laboratory studies of animal blood (general, biochemical, cytochemical) were carried out. The main changes in laboratory parameters were obtained by cytochemical analysis of such enzymes as GPDH, SDH. These enzymes are among the main indicators of the intensity of energy metabolism in the horse's body. The quantitative composition of basophils and eosinophils has also changed, which indicates a decrease in the level of the inflammatory process in the body of experimental animals. The results obtained prove the effectiveness of the investigated drugs and their direct influence on the energy balance of the “horse-athlete”. Thanks to the natural composition of the components of the preparations used, side effects on the body can be avoided and used without restrictions throughout the horse's sports career.

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The current stage of training and development of medical law is characterized by discussions on the allocation of medical law in a separate law institute, all in the context of the global COVID-19 crisis. This article aims to identify the concept of medical law institute, including the justification for the need to establish a medical law institution and the consideration of sub-institutes (sub-branches) of medical law. The main method for the study of this topic was the method of analysis, which allows to comprehensively consider the sub-institutes of medical law and the reasons for the separation of the institute of medical law. The document presents the classification of the drug circulation sub-institute (sub-branch) and reveals the components of the structure of medical law. In conclusion, it highlights that, the formation and development of medical law must be based on the following principles: first, it must have the essential characteristics of the law; and, secondly, it must arise and exist in the field of medical professional activity: in the science, practice, ethics and deontology of medical personnel, the rules and procedures of medical institutions.

The article explores the theoretical, methodological and applied aspects of the organization of state financial control in order to ensure sustainable economic development of Ukraine. A comprehensive model of the organization of state financial control has been formed, focused on ensuring sustainable economic development. The goals, directions, strategic and operational tasks of state financial control are determined to ensure stability, efficiency and systematic provision of budget services. Among the main tasks of reform system of state internal financial control the creation of a single legal field for development is indicated system of state internal financial control as an integral part of public administration and input relevant changes to the legislation. The relationship between public financial control and financial policy should be traced in determining the types of control. In our opinion, the division of financial policy into components is a prerequisite emergence of certain types of public financial control. In other words, each component of financial policy must have its own separate instrument, ie the type of public financial control. Coherence of financial policy components and types of control is necessary to build an effective and efficient structure of public administration bodies with a clear definition of the limits of their influence and the degree of responsibility. The necessity of institutional reform of state financial control in Ukraine is substantiated. The methodological foundations of state financial control for Ukraine are systematized based on the experience of the United States of America. A hypothesis has been put forward that the effectiveness of budgetary services at the regional (local) level is a criterion for the effectiveness of the use of state financial resources. The types of efficiency of budgetary services are defined with the aim of managing certain aspects of the provision of budgetary services, among which the effectiveness of the external and internal environment of state financial control is highlighted, as well as such types of efficiency as budgetary, social, commercial, public and so on. It is noted about the need to reform the existing model of state financial control in Ukraine and the direction of its implementation.

The relevance of the research topic. The article deals with the essence of the transcendental approach to determining the content of accounting systems, which the authors propose for praxological use not by philosophical interpretation (unknowable) but by linguistic understanding (what goes beyond) and subjective active perception (something no one used). It is proved that the definitive formogenesis of national wealth allows to determine the factors of legitimization of its use as a system-forming basis of existential-humanistic foundations of awareness of social relations and their quantitative reflection in accounting systems. Methodological approaches to the formation of national wealth by its system-forming elements have been improved through a combination of general theoretical and specifically historical approaches to understanding both the very essence of wealth and the broader sources and economic mechanisms of its accumulation and social distribution. It is substantiated that the methodological foundations of accounting and informational display of national wealth are structured by organizational provisions of accounting policy, which is detailed as an inter-level accounting and synthetic service of accentuated objectification of a research object. Goal. To study the theoretical and methodological provisions for substantiating the coherence of accounting systems, taking into account the transcendence of their content and the immanence of purpose in the plane of instrumental support for service management. Methods. The methodological basis of the study is the philosophical and general scientific methods of cognition of the transcendence of their content and immanence of purpose in the plane of instrumental support of service management. Results. The scientific plane of the generalizations made has become a reliable support not only for the systematization of multi-vector calculus, but also for the improvement of methodological approaches to the formation of national wealth by its system-forming elements through the combination of general theoretical and concrete historical approaches to understanding as the most economical nature and the essence of the mechanism accumulation and social distribution. In particular, we propose to use a complex accounting methodology of epistemological dispersion of components of national wealth, which is based on the consideration of the sectoral specificity of different types of its potential, which is a dominant condition in the system of priorities of the respective stages of socio-economic growth. Conceptual approaches to the construction of accounting standard of social and environmental responsibility of business are systematized. The methodology for assessing national wealth, including its biological component in the context of nature-man dual communication, is presented. According to the results of accounting and information monitoring, the criterion apodicticity of the indicative verification of the growth of national wealth was factualized. In particular, multivariate indicator systems are dispersed in accordance with the level differentiation of the management itself. Key words: accounting system, accounting and information process, information-syntactic service, management, national riches.

У статті виявлені передумови виникнення та розвитку концепту електронного врядування, розглянуті особливості формування інституційного базису становлення електронного врядування у міжнародних правових актах та аналітичних документах. Встановлено, що концепт електронного врядування набув широкої популярності на рубежі 1990-2000-х років як ідея системного впровадження та використання сучасних ІКТ в роботі органів влади з метою підвищення ефективності та прозорості роботи державного апарату, з ним пов’язували надії на модернізацію характеру взаємодії держави і суспільства. За результатами дослідження фахових наукових джерел доведена необхідність уточнення визначень, що описують такий складний феномен, як «електронне врядування», внаслідок наявності різних інтерпретацій їх змісту. Встановлено, що базовим у концепті електронного врядування доцільно вважати поняття «електронний уряд», головна мета якого – зробити систему державного управління максимально придатною для забезпечення інтересів громадян, організацій і підприємств та надати більш широкі можливості для участі у виробленні державної політики, а також спрощення процедур взаємодії громадян і влади. За підсумками оцінки підходів до визначення змісту електронного врядування та категорій, що його описують, сформульовані два основні концепти – структурно-функціональний та еволюційний. Структурно-функціональний підхід передбачає дослідження таких категорії, як «електронний уряд» (e-government), «цифровий уряд» (digital government), «електронна адміністрація» (e-administration), «електронна демократія» (e-democracy) «електронне врядування» (e-governance) у структурному взаємоузгодженні з відповідною конкретизацією функцій кожної складової. За еволюційним підходом такі категорії електронного врядування, як «електронний уряд» (e-government), «мережевий уряд» (wired government), «цифровий уряд» (digital government), «блокчейн-уряд» (blockchain government) розглядаються з позицій перетворення їх змісту та функцій в процесі розвитку ІКТ. Здійснено уточнення визначення електронного врядування у відповідності з поєднанням виділених автором структурно-функціонального та еволюційного підходів, запропоновано визначати дану дефініцію як зміну системи інститутів і механізмів публічного управління під впливом розвитку ІКТ.

The paper describes the hybrid algorithm of dispersion delay removing in radio astronomy data based on sequential application of coherent and incoherent methods. Such algorithm allows combining advantages of these two methods with preserving acceptable resources for data processing and accuracy of DM value determination. The application of the hybrid algorithm on single pulse of PSR B0950+08 received with UTR-2 radio telescope is described and analyzed.

У статті визначено сутність та передумови розвитку цифрової економіки, оцінено її вплив на інноваційний розвиток підприємницких структур. На основі узагальненої моделі цифрової трансформації підприємництва встановлені критерії ефективності програм цифрових перетворень, обгрунтовано, що внаслідок зростання інформаційної складової сучасні бізнес-процеси здійснюються у фізичній та цифровій економіці паралельно. Досліджено зміст конвергенції як однієї з ключових тенденцій ІТ-сфери, здатної забезпечити якісно новий рівень інтеграції цифрових технологій. Вастановлена роль транзакційних даних у забезпеченні аналітичної функції підприємств, визначений їх склад. Доведено, що у сучасних реаліях спостерігаються ознаки того, що індустріальна фаза зростання світової економіки підійшла до свого завершення, та її подальший розвиток буде здійснюватися під зростаючим впливом інформаційних технологій, що мають інноваційний характер. Наведено визначення сутності інноваційного підприємництва та здійснена класифікація його видів, зокрема виділені такі його види, як інноваційна продукція, інноваційні технології та соціальні інновації. Визначені зміни, що внесла цифрова економіка в інноваційну діяльність підприємницьких структур. Дослідження основних тенденцій розвитку та характерних особливостей цифрової економіки надали підставу запропонувати систематизацію особливостей інноваційного підприємництва у цифровій економіці та визначити нові соціокультурні виклики, що породжуює поширення цифровізації та інформаційних технологій. Зроблено висновок про те, що в сучасному світі склалася необхідність постійного оновлення не лише технологій, а й підвищення знань і компетенцій для того, щоб вміти знаходити нестандартні рішення, бути постійно готовим до ризиків і вільно орієнтуватися в умовах багатозадачності

The characteristics of anomalously intense pulses of the pulsar J0242+6256 in the decameter wavelength range are studied in the paper. Observations were made using the Ukrainian T-shaped Radio telescope, second modification (UTR-2) in October 2014. The dispersion measure for the pulsar was refined. For the first time, such characteristics as the scattering time constant, scattering measure, and rotation measure towards the pulsar were determined. Also, the rapid changes in the rotation measure along the profiles of individual anomalously intense pulses were considered. The obtained characteristics show that, despite the small dispersion measure and the close arrangement to the Earth, the scattering measure towards the pulsar is large. Rapid changes in the rotation measure along the pulse profile of this pulsar are possibly due to the presence of a plasma with rapidly changing parameters near the pulsar.

1. Кушнарьов І.В. Неоінституціоналізм як методологічна підвалина вивчення неформальних інститутів: приклад політичної корупції. Науковий журнал Політикус.№5. 2017. С.16-20. 2. Ревак О.І. Корупція: теоретико-методологічні засади дослідження: монографія / керівник авт. кол.доц. І.О. Ревак. Львів: ЛьвДУВС, 2011. – 220 с. 3. Мандибура В.О. Корупція: інституційна сутність та механізм подолання. Економічна теорія. № 1. 2017. С. 59-76. 4. Невмержицький Є. В. Корупція як соціально-політичне явище: особливості проявів і механізми подолання в сучасній Україні (: дис. ... канд. політ. наук), 1999. Київ, Інститут держави і права України НАН України. 5. Mart Laar. The cancer of the modern world – a European perspective. Against Corruption: a collection of essays. 2016. URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/against-corruption-a-collection-of-essays/against-corruption-a-collection-of-essays. (дата звернення 02 серпня 2018) 6. Скорик М.О. Інституційна сутність корупції. Економіка, фінанси, управління та право: теоретичні підходи та практичні аспекти розвитку: матеріали міжнародної науково-практична конференції (м.Полтава, 23 липня 2018 р.).: у 2-ч. Полтава: ЦФЕНД, 2018. Ч. 1. с.7-8. - 63 с. 7. Corruption perceptions index. Transparency International. 2018. URL: https://ti-ukraine.org/research/indeks-spryjnyattya-koruptsiyi-2018/ (дата звернення: 08.04.2019) 8. Селюченко Н.Є., Заяць Р.Я, Живко М.О. Суть корупції та шляхи її подолання. Науковий вісник Львівського державного університету внутрішніх справ. № 1. 2010. URL: http://www2.lvduvs.edu.ua/documents_pdf/visnyky/nvse/01_2010/snysyp.pdf (дата звернення: 07.04.2019) 9. Норт Д. Інституції, інституційна зміна та функціонування економіки. пер. з англ. І. Дзюб. Київ: Основи. 2000. 198 с. 10. Pejovich S. Law, tradition, and the transition in Eastern Europe. The Independent Review. 1997. Vol. II. № 2. Р. 243–254. URL: http://www.independent.org/pdf/tir/tir_02_2_pejovich.pdf (дата звернення: 15.04.2019) 11. Стойко О.М. Трансформація політичних інститутів у сучасних перехідних суспільствах: монографія. Київ: Ін-т держави і права ім. В.М. Корецького НАН України. Логос. 2016. 416 с. 12. Мацелюх Н. П. Максименко І.А. Мартиненко В.В., Теліщук М.М. та ін. Економічна теорія в системі наукових економічних знань. Київ: Видавництво «Центр учбової літератури». 2015. 226 с. 13. Skoryk M. Theoretical aspects of the transformation of the institute of corruption in Eastern Europe. Baltic Journal of Economic Studies. Volume 5 Number 1. Riga: Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2019, 256 pages. P. 201-206. 14. Михненко А.М., Руснак О. В., Мудров А. М. та ін. Запобігання та протидія корупції. за ред. А. М. Михненка. – 4-те вид., переробл. й доповн. Київ : Акад. фін. Управління. 2013. 666 с. 15. Corruption in Ukraine and Recommendations. The Bleyzer Foundation Retrieved 2016. URL: http://www.bleyzerfoundation.org/files/tbf_reports/Corruption%20in%20Ukraine%202016.pdf (дата звернення: 01.08.2018) 16. Волошенко А.В. Системна корупція: державні регуляторні імперативи протидії. Ефективна економіка. № 6. 2018. URL: http://www.economy.nayka.com.ua/pdf/6_2018/39.pdf (дата звернення: 10.04.2019) 17. П’ять країн, що приборкали корупцію. URL: http://corruptua.org/2013/04/p-yat-krayin-shho-priborkali-koruptsiyu/ (дата звернення: 15.04.2019) 18. Україна проти корупції: економічний фронт. Економічна оцінка антикорупційних заходів у 2014-2018 рр. Аналітична доповідь. Київ. 2018. URL: http://www.ier.com.ua/files/publications/Policy_papers/IER/2018/Anticorruption_%20Report_Ukr_.pdf (дата звернення:15.04.2019)

The aim of the work was to study the basic productive traits of Saanen goats of Latvian selection in the order of their selection value: milk yield, fat and protein content in milk. These traits were investigated in the daughters from different goats-fathers. Materials and methods of research. The study was conducted at "Grandmother’s Goats" breeding farm, Galaiky village, Tetiiv district, Kyiv region on Saanen goats of Latvian selection. From mid-spring to mid-autumn the goats grazed and were kept in a corral. In winter, the goats were indoors on deep litter. Milking was twice a day into milk pipeline, it took place in the milking room with 12 seats. The farm is provided enough by coarse, succulent and concentrate feeds. It is considered that the winter diet of dairy goats is hay, twigs, concentrate feed, root vegetables, and mineral supplements. The primary livestock data of milk production in 41 goats for seven lactations were considered. The basic selection traits were studied in the order of their breeding value: milk yield, fat and protein content in milk. The same traits were investigated in terms of fathers of milking goats. The obtained results were processed statistically by N. A. Plohinskiy (1970). Results of research. The research results show that milk yield of Saanen goats of Latvian selection varied depending on lactation. It was found that the milk production during the 1st lactation was 565 kg, fat content in milk – 3.2% and protein content – 3.0%. Milk yield per lactation tended to increase – from the 3rd to 6th lactation inclusively, as compared with the 1st and 7th. The maximum level of milk yield was during the 6th lactation. The differences in milk yield between the 6th and the 1st, 2nd, 5th and 7th lactations are significant with the second degree of reliability. Significant coefficient of variation for milk yield (20-35%) gives reason to consider it possible to conduct the selection by this trait. Several other data are presented by T. Orlovskaya. She considers that goats produce maximum milk yield on average after the 3rd parturition. Milking ability of goats after the 5th-6th lactation begins to fall gradually. She also thinks that biological value of milk is reduced with increase in milk yield, namely reduced fat content and, in some cases, changing the taste of milk. Subsequently, the fat content in milk during the 2nd-4th lactations increased by 0.1%, and during the 5th lactation it reached the maximum level – 3.6%. The protein content in the investigated goat milk was small and ranged from 3 to 3.1%. Differences in fat and protein content during all the lactations were unreliable. Ratio of fat content to protein content in Saanen goats’ milk was studied for seven lactations. It was found that the ratio of fat to milk for all the seven lactations did not reach the optimal levels. This is lack of milk quality of the investigated goats. Milk yield, fat and protein content in milk of daughters of four Saanen billy goats were investigated to determine the influence of fathers on the daughters’ productivity. Analysis of milk productivity data for daughters of goats Amors 046062340091, Wicks 030810040238, Priers 0460623640427 and Frends 038028540074 showed that the highest milk yield was in daughters of Amors 046062340091 – 622 kg. Several less milk yield (590 kg) was in the daughters of Frends 038028540074, and the lowest milk yields were observed in daughters of Wicks 030810040238 and Priers 0460623640427. Thus, daughters’ milk yields depend essentially on fathers. At the same time the fat and protein content in the milk of daughters from different fathers is almost identical. This should be taken into account at matching billy goats for breeding stock of goats. In our research of milk yield of daughters from different billy goats there was a significant difference, but protein and fat content in daughters’ milk almost was no different. Thus, the findings don’t always coincide with the data given in the literature. This concerns with the milk production of Saanen goats and its quality (fat and protein content). Earlier, we have shown that Saanen goats’ milk had a little lower density than in Lamancha, Russian, Nubian, Alpine and Megrelian goats. Protein content was at level of 3.85%, or 1.4% greater than in Russian goats’ milk, but 0.15% less than in Lamancha, 1.23% less than in Nubian, 0.4% – in Alpine, and 1.65% ­– in Megrelian goats’ milk. The fat content in goat milk of the compared breeds was also the lowest (by 1.85% than in Lamancha, by 0.79% than in Russian, by 0.97% than in Nubian, by 0.57% than in Alpine and 1.12% than in Megrelian breeds). Also, content of dry milk residue was low (0.67-1.48% less). Despite these differences in milk yield of goats, research in this area should be expanded in order to determine the prospects for further goat breeding of certain breeds. Conclusions. Milk yield per lactation tended to increase – from the 3rd to 6th lactation inclusively, as compared with the 1st and 7th. The maximum level of milk yield was during the 6th lactation. Significant coefficient of variation for milk yield (20-35%) gives reason to consider it possible to conduct the selection by this trait. The differences in the level of milk production of daughters from different goats were revealed that should be taken into account at matching billy goats for breeding stock. In Ukraine goats’ milk yield of different breeds requires further study.

The factors that define the efficiency of earthed coating shields made of the Portland cement-based electroconductive cementing composition were experimentally studied to provide the electrocorrosion protection. It was established that the current intensity is increased by the three orders of magnitude as the current flows through the water-saturated earthed coating shield made of the Portland cement-based electroconductive composition. This fact confirms the feasibility of the use of such shields to drain the leakage currents that are considerably increased achieving unsafe values especially in wet weather. It was also established that protective shield properties depend on the ratio of the contact area of the coating-shielded steel earth electrode to the area of entire coating shield. As this ratio is increased the intensity of the current flowing through the structure reinforcement and concrete is decreased and the intensity of current flowing through the earthed coating shield is increased. It confirms the efficiency of the use of earthed coating shields made of the Portland cement-based electroconductive compositions to provide the electrocorrosion protection caused by leakage currents, for example for such structures as railway d. c. current-electrified passenger platforms.

Further development of the roadway network in Ukraine will basically take place by modernization, which, in fact, conversion of the system « Road Conditions-Traffic Flow-Environment» from one state to another. Generally, it changes not only the spatial axle position of an existing road, but also the geometric and technological parameters of the road. Modern technological design and construction processes demand higher accuracy and reliability in determining the output spatial parameters measured with survey methods and techniques. Therefore, substantiated higher accuracies and improved survey techniques are tasks of primary importance. They must be solved on the basis of determination of rational error limits in survey works and their influence on the accuracy of building, transport operational and economical parameters of the project and actual engineering structures. The objective of the study is to demonstrate possibilities and efficiency in using various models of the system of ensuring the accuracy in survey works for roadway modernization and for solving other tasks on determination of geometric element parameters of complicated sections on existing roadways.

The type and morphology of titanosilicate hierarchical zeolites are a function of the structure of polyammonium surfactants used as structure-directing agents (SDA) and the composition of the reaction mixture. Depending on the SDA structure, nanoneedles or nanoparticles of these MTW zeolites aggregate to give nanosponges with external surface up to 200 m2/g and mesopore volume up to 0.4 cm3/g. All these titanosilicate materials have two types of Lewis moderate-strength acid sites with total concentration up to 30 μmol/g.

Affine control systems of the class C(1) with multidimensional control are considered. For those systems which can be reduced to linear systems, the inertial synthesis problem is solved, that is, the problem of finding feedback controls satisfying preassigned constraints on a control and its derivatives up to a given order l. The problem of stabilization by use of inertial controls is also solved. The controllability function method is the basis of the investigation. It is shown that each collection f of r nonnegative non-increasing functions which have no less than n1,?,nr points of decrease ( n1+?+nr=n), respectively, and satisfy certain conditions generates a family of controllability functions {?f,?(x)} and a family of controls {uf,?(x)} which transfer an arbitrary point x0 from a certain neighborhood of the origin to the origin in some finite time Tf,?(x0) and satisfy given constraints if ??2l+1. We estimate the time of motion from below and from above. In the limiting case ?=?, the function ?f(x) is a Lyapunov function and uf(x) solves the stabilization problem and satisfies given constraints.

The paper is devoted to the problem of construction of a constrained control, which transfers a control system from any point to a given non-equilibrium point in a finite time in global sense. The construction of the mentioned control is based on the controllability function method. The problem is solved for linear systems. The obtained result is illustrated with model example.

Рассмотрены оптимальные алгоритмы определения поляризационных параметров импульсного эллиптически поляризованного радиоизлучения пульсаров. Эти алгоритмы соответствуют определенному типу регистратора, который может использоваться в пункте приема сигнала. К таким регистраторам относится приемник осциллографического типа (Wave Form Receiver), регистратор корреляционного типа и параллельный спектроанализатор. Показано также, что при достаточно широкой полосе регистрации и при наличии в пункте приема линейно-поляризованного отклика радиотелескопа (соответствующего одной или двум ортогональным поляризациям) можно с большой степенью достоверности восстановить все поляризационные параметры импульсного излучения в системе отсчета источника. Ключевые слова: анизотропия, импульс, мера вращения, мера дисперсии, поляризация Статья поступила в редакцию 08.01.2014 Radio phys. radio astron. 2014, 19(2): 101-110 СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ 1. Бобейко А. Л., Бовкун В. П., Брауде С. Я., Мень А. В., Сергиенко Ю. Ю. Интерферометр декаметрового диапазона радиоволн УРАН-1 // Антенны. – М.: Связь. – 1978. – Вып. 26. – С. 121–134. 2. Базелян Л. Л. Управляемая антенна круговой поляризации. 1. Расчетные соотношения // Изв. вузов. Радиофизика. – 1987. – Т. 30, № 4. – С. 516–521. 3. Абранин Э. П., Базелян Л. Л., Браженко А. И. Управляемая антенна круговой поляризации. 2. Выбор оптимальной схемы // Изв. вузов. Радиофизика. – 1987. – Т. 30, № 5. – С. 619–623. 4. Ulyanov O. M., Shevtsova A. I., Mukha D. V., and Seredkina A. A. Investigation of the Earth ionosphere using the radio emission of pulsars // Baltic Astronomy. – 2013. – Vol. 22. – P. 53–65. 5. Ulyanov O. M., Shevtsova A. I., and Seredkina A. A. Neutron Stars and Pulsars. In: Leeuwen, editor. Proc. IAU S291. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013. – P. 529–531. 6. Ульянов О. М., Шевцова А. И., Скорик А. А. Поляризационное зондирование магнитосферы пульсаров // Изв. Крымской астрофизической обсерватории. – 2013. – Т. 109, № 4. – С. 159–168. 7. Shevtsova A. I. Accurate Methods for Determining the Parameters of Radio Pulse Propagation Medium. (Presentation) // 43rd YERAC, Bielefeld University, 2013. – Available from: http://www2.physik.uni-bielefeld.de/program.html 8. Hankins T. H. and Rickett B. J. Pulsar Signal Processing In: B. Aldu, editor. Methods in computational physics. Vol. 14 – Radio astronomy. – New York: Academic Press, Inc., 1975. – P. 55–129. 9. Azzam R. M. A. and Bashara N. M. Ellipsometry and Polarized Light. – North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1987. 10. Гинзбург В. Л. Распространение электромагнитных волн в плазме. – М.: Наука, 1967. – 683 с. 11. Айзенберг Г. З., Белоусов С. П., Журбенко Э. М., Клигер Г. А., Курашов А. Г. Коротковолновые антенны. – М.: Радио и связь, 1985. – 536 с. 12. Содин Л. Г., Фалькович И. С., Калиниченко Н. Н. Определение параметров земной поверхности по измерению поперечной поляризации поверхностной волны // Радиотехника. – 1997. – № 1. – С. 95–102. 13. Куликов К. А . Курс сферической астрономии. – М.: Наука, 1974. – 232 с. 14. Мень А. В., Содин Л. Г., Шарыкин Н. К., Брук Ю. М., Мельяновский П. А., Инютин Г. А., Гончаров Н. Н. Принципы построения и характеристики антенн радиотелескопа УТР-2 // Антенны. – М.: Связь. – 1978. – Вып. 26. – С. 15–57. 15. Брауде С. Я., Мень А. В., Содин Л. Г. Радиотелескоп декаметрового диапазона волн УТР-2 // Антенны. – М.: Связь. – 1978. – № 26. – С. 3–1 5 . 16. Brazhenko A. I., Bulatsen V. G., Vashchishin R. V., Frantsuzenko A. V., Konovalenko A. A., Falkovich I. S., Abranin E. P., Ulyanov O. M., Zakharenko V. V., Lecacheux A., and Rucker H. O. New Decameter Radio polarimeter URAN–2.// Kinematics and Physics of Celestial Bodies. Suppl. – 2005. – No. 5. – P. 43–46. 17. Захаренко В. В., Николаенко В. С., Ульянов О. М., Мотиенко Р. А. Приемник c высоким разрешением для исследования радиоизлучения // Радиофизика и радиоастрономия. – 2007. – Т. 12, № 3. – С. 233–241. 18. Ul’yanov O. M., and Zakharenko V. V. Energy of anomalously intense pulsar pulses at decameter wavelengths // Astron. Rep. – 2012. – Vol. 56, Is. 6. – P. 417–429. 19. Железняков В. В. Излучение в астрофизической плазме. – М.: Янус-К, 1997. – 528 с.

Purpose: define and theoretically substantiate the range of astrophysical problems that may be efficiently solved using small antenna arrays. Design/methodology/approach: Observation parameters and configurations of a set of small antenna arrays included in the future Giant Ukrainian radio telescope, have been derived based on the theoretical analysis and scientific results obtained by UTR-2 and URAN radio telescopes. Results: We have proved that a wide scope of problems can be efficiently solved by small low-frequency antenna arrays, ranging from Solar studies to the search for cosmological effects associated with neutral hydrogen spectral line in the early Universe at high red shifts. For each study program, we have calculated the desired observation parameters (integration time, time and frequency resolutions), indicated the required antenna configurations and operating modes (interferometric or additive). Conclusions: We have shown that at the construction stage of the Giant Ukrainian radio telescope and gradual commissioning of its new sections, we can solve a number of important astrophysical problems. As the new sections are being added, the observation techniques and data processing methods will constantly be improving.

The article shows the limits in the processing speed which are achieved by the modern NVIDIA graphics cards (GPUs). Also the level of the computational errors that registered with FFT and inverse FFT at different plans of their implementation is considered and the absence of distortion type jitter is fixed. A comparison of the speed of the spectral analysis of large data sets using different plans and GPUs NVIDIA GeForce 660M and 680 was made.

This paper presents the low-frequency pulsars and transients survey which is currently being held at the decameter radio telescope UTR-2, its data processing stages and results of preliminary data processing.

International audience; The current status of the large decameter radio telescope UTR-2 (Ukrainian T-shaped Radio telescope) together with its VLBI system called URAN is described in detail. By modernization of these instruments through implementation of novel versatile analog and digital devices as well as new observation techniques, the observational capabilities of UTR-2 have been substantially enhanced. The total effective area of UTR-2 and URAN arrays reaches 200 000 m2, with 24 MHz observational bandwidth (within the 8-32 MHz frequency range), spectral and temporal resolutions down to 4 kHz and 0.5 msec in dynamic spectrum mode or virtually unlimited in waveform mode. Depending on the spectral and temporal resolutions and confusion effects, the sensitivity of UTR-2 varies from a few Jy to a few mJy, and the angular resolution ranges from ~ 30 arcminutes (with a single antenna array) to a few arcseconds (in VLBI mode). In the framework of national and international research projects conducted in recent years, many new results on Solar system objects, the Galaxy and Metagalaxy have been obtained. In order to extend the observation frequency range to 8-80 MHz and enlarge the dimensions of the UTR-2 array, a new instrument - GURT (Giant Ukrainian Radio Telescope) - is now under construction. The radio telescope systems described herein can be used in synergy with other existing low-frequency arrays such as LOFAR, LWA, NenuFAR, as well as provide ground-based support for space-based instruments.

International audience; Rapid progress currently takes place in the field of low-frequency radio astronomy in the meter-decameter-hectometer range of wavelengths. It is caused by a radical modernization of the existing radio telescopes, creation of a new generation of instruments, space-borne observations, and by the development of research on all classes of astrophysical objects, including the Solar System. On the other hand, a range of difficulties specific to low-frequency radio astronomy is known, which are caused by technical, methodological, and physical limitations. An effective strategy for overcoming these difficulties is based on synchronous observations using several radio telescopes separated by distances from a few to several thousand kilometers. This provides an opportunity to reduce and identify radio interference and the influence of the propagation media, to increase the sensitivity and resolution, and to solve many problems with higher efficiency. In recent years such simultaneous observations were carried out for the Sun, Jupiter, Saturn, interplanetary medium, pulsars, exoplanets, and transients using the radio telescopes UTR-2, URAN, GURT, NDA, NenuFAR, LOFAR and other. Parallel observations with the space missions WIND, STEREO, Cassini and Juno also facilitate improvement of the quality and reliability of low-frequency radio astronomical experiments.

International audience; Present paper describes the data analysis of Decameter Pulsars and Transients Survey of the Northern Sky usingUTR-2 radio telescope in order to search for pulsars and transient sources. A special attention is paid to algorithmsand routines for distinguishing the signals of cosmic nature against terrestrial artificial and natural interference

This paper describes digital radio astronomical receivers used for decameter and meter wavelength observations. This paper describes digital radio astronomical receivers used for decameter and meter wavelength observations. Since 1998, digital receivers performing on-the-fly dynamic spectrum calculations or waveform data recording without data loss have been used at the UTR-2 radio telescope, the URAN VLBI system, and the GURT new generation radio telescope. Here we detail these receivers developed for operation in the strong interference environment that prevails in the decameter wavelength range. Data collected with these receivers allowed us to discover numerous radio astronomical objects and phenomena at low frequencies, a summary of which is also presented., 24 pages, 15 figures

In this paper the anomalous intense pulse of the PSR J0953+0755 was studied in decametre wavelength range. For this pulse two scales of fine structure were discovered. The long-scale structure consists of four components, where the visible dispersion measures of even and odd components are different. The obtained time-scale of the short fine structure is 1 ms. The difference in visible dispersion measure can be caused by propagation of two normal modes of the pulsar radiation and irregularities of electron concentration in the space near the neutron star like upper layers of magnetosphere and pulsar wind., 9 pages, 7 figures

Radio telescope UTR-2 has recently accomplished a survey of the northern sky to find pulsars and transient sources of radio emission. On the one hand, studies in such a low-frequency range are very difficult because of the extremely high influence of scattering in the interstellar medium, very strong radio interference and high temperature of Galactic background. On the other hand, large dispersion delay allows to determine the dispersion measure (DM) of broadband signals with a small characteristic length very accurately.

We propose a new method for the determination of the rotation measure (RM) for pulse sources in the decameter wavelength range. This method allows us to define RM with accuracy up to 10−4 [1–3], which had never been achieved in any known methods. The method is effective in the consideration of individual pulses, and allows us to determine RM along the pulse profile.

Pulsars radiate short pulsed signals (a typical period of an ordinary pulsar is about 1 s) that are good probes of propagation media. Propagation medium includes pulsar magnetosphere, interstellar medium (ISM), interplanetary medium (IPM) and the Earth's ionosphere, it has turbulent nature with variation of the electron density along the line-of-sight. During pulses propagation they are influenced by free electrons, irregularities of the electron concentration and magnetic field. It causes the propagation effects that are called frequency dispersion delay, scattering and the Faraday rotation respectively. At low frequencies all the propagation effects are most contrasted and this imposes restrictions on the pulsar observations in this frequency range. In fact, we are able to investigate only the nearest to the Earth pulsars with low dispersion measures (DM, describes amount of free electrons on the line of sight). Fortunately, at low frequency about 1 – 2 % of all pulsar pulses are ten or hundred times more intensive than average pulses. This phenomenon is called the pulsar anomalously intense pulses (AIP) [1] and gives opportunities to study fine structures of pulsar individual pulses at these frequencies. Fine structure of the pulsar radiation is short pulses inside the main pulse, it was detected by Hankins [2]. Characteristic time scale of the fine structure is frequency dependent, at decameters it is the widest, in the paper [3] authors detected the fine structure of pulsar B0809+74 with time-scale 2 – 4 ms, using radio telescope UTR-2.

The local positional synthesis problem for the control system x =f(x,u) , x∈ R n , u∈ R r , under preassigned restrictions ‖u(k)(x)‖⩽dk on derivatives of control with respect to the closed system up to given order, 0⩽k⩽l, is considered. The controllability function method is the basis of the investigation. Linear systems are considered and the family of controllability functions Θα(x) is constructed, for which the corresponding controls uα(x) solve the cited synthesis problem if α⩾2l+1, so that the time of motion from x0 to 0 equals αΘα1/α(x0). Nonlinear systems are considered with respect to the first approximation in a partial case l=1; we give the upper estimate for the time of motion. In the limiting case Θ∞(x) is the Lyapunov function and u∞(x) solves the stabilization problem and satisfies the preassigned restrictions.

The controllability problem for nonlinear control systems with one-dimensional control of the form $ dx/dt=a(x)+B(x)\beta(x,u)$ is considered, where $a(x)$ is an $n$-dimensional vector function, $B(x)$ is an $(n\times m)$-matrix, and $\beta(x,u)$ is an $m$-dimensional vector function. Under certain conditions we reduce such system to a system consisting of $m$ subsystems; in each subsystem all equations are linear except of the last one. We use the controllability function method to give sufficient conditions for controllability of the considered system. We propose an approach for construction of controls which transfer an arbitrary initial point to the rest point in a certain finite time. Each such control is constructed as a concatenation of a finite number of positional controls (we call it a stepwise synthesis control). On each step of our approach we choose a new synthesis control. Our approach essentially uses nonlinearity of a system with respect to a control. The obtained results are illustrated by examples. In particular, the problem of the complete stoppage of a two-link pendulum is solved. We also introduce the class of nonlinear systems which is called the class of staircase systems that provides the applicability of our approach.