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The detailed theoretical study of high-frequency signal gain, when a probe microwave signal is comparable to the AC pump electric field in a semiconductor superlattice, is presented. We identified conditions under which a doped superlattice biased by both DC and AC fields can generate or amplify high-frequency radiation composed of harmonics, half-harmonics, and fractional harmonics. Physical mechanisms behind the effects are discussed. It is revealed that in a general case, the amplification mechanism in superlattices is determined by the coexistence of both the phase-independent Bloch and phase-dependent parametric gain mechanisms. The interplay and contribution of these gain mechanisms can be adjusted by the sweeping AC pump strength and leveraging a proper phase between the pump and strong probe electric fields. Notably, a transition from the Bloch gain to the parametric gain, often naturally occurring as the amplitude of the amplified signal field grows, can facilitate an effective method of fractional harmonic generation in DC–AC-driven superlattices. The study also uncovers that the pure parametric generation of the fractional harmonics can be initiated via their ignition by switching the DC pump electric field. The findings open a promising avenue for the advancement of new miniature GHz–THz frequency generators, amplifiers, and dividers operating at room temperature.

This paper aims at determining the influence of digitalization on quality of labor in developing countries. Originality and novelty of this research consist, firstly, in specifying the characteristics and systemic treatment of quality of labor in view of the priorities of all interested parties - entrepreneurship, employees, and government. Secondly, the influence of digitalization on quality of labor is studied in detail at the empirical level of economics with the use of statistical data, which allows determining precise causal connections and forming a reliable evidential base of the considered concept. Thirdly, an assumption of contradiction of the influence of digitalization on quality of labor is a new one. This influence is not treated positively a priori - instead of this, we offer a hypothesis on the combination of the positive and negative influence, which is verified in the course of the research. Fourthly, experience of developing countries is studied, which allows determining the specifics of the influence of digitalization on quality of labor in these countries as compared to developed countries. This will help differentiating the practices of digitalization from the positions of the consequences for labor quality and developing separate approaches for labor quality management in the digital economy of developing countries. Fifthly, digitalization is specified, and the influence of various directions of digitalization on quality of labor is studied. This allows obtaining detailed conclusions and compiling highly-effective practical recommendations. As a result, it has been determined that the maximum systemic growth of characteristics of labor quality based on digitalization in developing countries in the period until 2024 constitutes 78.63%. Harmonization of digitalization in developing countries for the purpose of increasing labor quality envisages increase of the level of development of digital technologies by 68.83% and digital perspectives by 46.22%. Management implications are offered for this.

The article seeks the goal of substantiating the advantages for developing countries and developing a scientific and methodological approach "Pay for Quality" (P4Q) as a new form of stimulation and payment for work. Originality and novelty of this research consists, firstly, in determining and substantiating the advantages and the logic of selecting the approach to motivation and stimulation of work in entrepreneurship, as well as the preconditions to using the P4Q approach. Secondly, in developing the scientific and methodological recommendations for measuring quality and the scale of advantages of its increase for a company, which will allow implementing the P4Q approach by a large range of companies. Thirdly, in studying the experience of developing countries as socio-economic systems with the specific conditions of application of the P4Q approach. This is a new form of payment for work, which is very interesting for developing countries, as it allows creating well-paid jobs and using unique, intellectual, and skilled human resources in entrepreneurship. This will allow implementing human potential and giving a powerful impulse to development of hi-tech private entrepreneurship, which is oriented at innovations and quality, as well as forming sustainable global competitive advantages based on high quality of products. Due to application of the P4Q approach to stimulation of work in developing countries, the rate of economic growth and market capitalization of business increase. For this, a perspective scientific and methodological approach to stimulation of work - "P4Q" - is offered, perspectives are outlined, and applied recommendations for its implementation in developing countries are given.

The paper discusses mechanisms of molecular motion in lamellar chain molecular crystals of the stearic acid. Thermal calorimetry, dielectric and IR-spectroscopy methods indicate a phase transition ...

An implementation assessment of PSKD-600 type power reactors was made. It was established that the readiness level of all PSKD-600 nuclear fuel cycle technologies is no lower than TRL5, and most correspond to readiness level no lower than TRL7, i.e., the basic technological solutions were also demonstrated under actual industrial conditions. The relevant R&D should be aimed at large-scale industrial implementation of technologies. The analysis showed that there are no fundamental constraints on the integration into the NFC infrastructure of a complex of interconnected technological objects that secure the operation of PSKD-600. Thus, the PSKD-600 reactor stock can be unrolled on the existing technological base.

"We discuss the possible mechanism of genesis of disordered regions in cellulose microfibrils. In our work, we show that obstacles stopping the growth of nanofibrils and the further deformation of nanofibrils may be the reasons for disorder. In this case, the initial prismatic shape of nanofibrils becomes corrugated and regions, where cellulose chains lose their initial straight configuration, appear in it. If a pack of thus deformed nanofibrils form a microfibril, then it contains disordered regions of two types. The first one consists in boundary layers, which separate nanofibrils from each other. The second type represents amorphous regions located inside each nanofibril. In this discussion, we use the linear theory of elasticity. With its help, we estimated longitudinal dimensions of cellulose crystallites and then compared them with values of such sizes calculated based on experimental data. The experimentally obtained values turned out to be, to a certain extent, greater than the theoretically estimated ones."

Currently, the typical risk for the global nuclear energy industry is the risk of violating the planned NPP construction schedule with the concomitant increase in cost. The results of an (accounting) settlements comparison of the realization of such risk situations during the construction of large, small, and medium- size NPPs are discussed. Changes in project efficiency metrics, such as the payback period and income from project implementation, are considered. It is shown that most significant is the financial and investment risk associated with the bank interest on the loan. Doubling of the construction time and the total costs makes the project unprofitable.

This paper presents results of calculation studies of the viability of coated particles in the conditions of the reactor core on fast neutrons with sodium cooling, justifying the development of the concept of the reactor BN with microspherical fuel. Traditional rod fuel assemblies with pellet MOX fuel in the core of a fast sodium reactor are directly replaced by fuel assemblies with micro-spherical mixed (U,Pu)C-fuel. Due to the fact that the micro-spherical (U, Pu)C fuel has a developed heat removal surface and that the design solution for the fuel assembly with coated particles is horizontal cooling of the microspherical fuel, the core has additional possibilities of increasing inherent (passive) safety and improve the competitiveness of BN type of reactors. It is obvious from obtained results that the microspherical (U, Pu)C fuel is limited with the maximal burn-up depth of ∼11% of heavy atoms in conditions of the sodium-cooled fast reactor core at the conservative approach; it gives the possibility of reaching stated thermal-hydraulic and neutron-physical characteristics. Such a tolerant fuel makes it less likely that fission products will enter the primary circuit in case of accidents with loss of coolant and the introduction of positive reactivity, since the coating of microspherical fuel withstands higher temperatures than the steel shell of traditional rod-type fuel elements.

It has been shown that coherent phonons can be used as a potent tool for controlling and enhancing optoelectronic and transport properties of nanostructured materials. Recent studies revealed that interaction of acoustic phonons and fast-moving carriers in semiconductor heterostructures can be accompanied by electron-phonon instabilities that cause ordinary and induced Cherenkov effects. However, the development of such instabilities is still poorly understood. Our study shows that other supersonic phenomena, beyond the Cherenkov instability, are possible for non-equilibrium charge transport in the miniband semiconductor superlattices (SLs) driven by an acoustic plane wave. Using semiclassical nonperturbative methods and elements of the bifurcation theory, we find the conditions for the onset of dynamical instabilities (bifurcations) which are caused by the emission of specific SL phonons by supersonic electrons, and their back action on the electrons. Notably, the underlying radiation mechanism is connected either to normal or anomalous Doppler effects in full accordance with the Ginzburg-Frank-Tamm theory. The appearance of induced Doppler effects is also discussed in relation to the formation of electron bunches propagating through the spatially periodic structure of the SL. When the amplitude of the acoustic wave exceeds certain threshold, the dynamical instabilities developed in the system are manifested as drift velocity reversals, resonances in sound attenuation and absolute negative mobility. We demonstrate that the discovered superluminal Doppler phenomena can be utilized for tunable broadband amplification and generation of GHz-THz electromagnetic waves, which creates a ground for development of novel phononic devices., 22 pages, 17 figures

Funding Information: We are sincerely grateful to Martynas Skapas, Sandra Stanionytė, and Remigijus Juškėnas for superlattice characterization; Linas Minkevičius, Vladimir Maksimenko, and Miron S. Kagan for illuminating discussions. The research activities of K. N. A. were partially funded by the Marius Jakulis Jason Foundation and T. H. was supported, in part, by the Foundation for Polish Science through the IRA Programme co-financed by the EU within SG OP. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 American Physical Society. Parametric generation of oscillations and waves is a paradigm, which is known to be realized in various physical systems. Unique properties of quantum semiconductor superlattices allow us to investigate high-frequency phenomena induced by the Bragg reflections and negative differential velocity of the miniband electrons. Effects of parametric gain in the superlattices at different strengths of dissipation have been earlier discussed in a number of theoretical works, but their experimental demonstrations are so far absent. Here, we report on the first observation of the dissipative parametric generation in a subcritically doped GaAs/AlGaAs superlattice subjected to a dc bias and a microwave pump. We argue that the dissipative parametric mechanism originates from a periodic variation of the negative differential velocity. It enforces excitation of slow electrostatic waves in the superlattice that provide a significant enhancement of the gain coefficient. This work paves the way for a development of a miniature solid-state parametric generator of GHz-THz frequencies operating at room temperature.

This paper aims to study the international experience (in the aspect and taking into account the specifics of regions of the world) integrating the SDGs into corporate strategies and to identify the following: (1) supported SDGs (UN standards); (2) implemented measures of corporate social responsibility to support the SDGs and (3) approach from the positions of risks for profit. Based on a sample of 193 countries (seven regions of the world) from 2020–2021 (386 observations) based on the method of structural equation modelling (SEM), it was discovered that the SDGs (UN standards) are supported by companies to a different extent in the different world regions, but, on the whole, they are strongly integrated into the corporate strategies in each region. The largest support of the SDGs from business is observed in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The risks of integrating the SDGs (UN standards) into corporate strategies for profit are low (moderate in the OECD). The commercial approach to integrating the SDGs into corporate strategies is implemented in all regions of the world. The theoretical significance of the results consists in the fact that the discovered differences pointed at the necessity for and set the foundation for the transition from global to regional management of the integration of the SDGs (UN standards) into corporate strategies. The practical significance of the authors’ conclusions and developments consists in the fact that they allow increasing the effectiveness of risk management of the practices of corporate social responsibility for profit.

Generation processes of a photoacoustic response of a layered polyethylene/hydrogel structure by its irradiation with periodically modulated light have been experimentally studied. The heat sources are located in a gel near the interface with polyethylene. The response in the form of the pressure oscillations occurs as a result of the thermoelastic strain of the polyethylene layer by its thickness-nonuniform heating by a thermal wave. The obtained results can be useful for modification of the techniques based on the diffusion processes in gels.

AIM: To determine the group of patients with trigeminal neuralgia for whom the balloon microcompression is the optimal treatment modality. To evaluate the effectiveness of balloon microcompression in the treatment of patients with trigeminal neuralgia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 52 patients (18 men and 34 women) with trigeminal neuralgia who were operated with the use of balloon microcompression in neurosurgical department of the Samara Regional Clinical Hospital named after V.D. Seredavin over the period from February 2012 to June 2017. The evaluation of effectiveness was carried by Visual Analogue Scale, Macnub scale, the dose tapering of anti-epileptic medicines was also taken into account. RESULTS: In postoperative period the decrease in pain syndrome was noticed by 48 patients (92.3%) from 90 10 to 30 10 points by Visual Analogue Scale. According to Macnub scale 29 patients (55.7%) estimated the level of treatment as good. 19 patients (36.5%) had negative emotional response due to the hypoesthesia, so the result was estimated as satisfactory. 39 patients (75%) managed to decrease the dosage of Finlepsin from 1000-1200 mg to 300-400 mg. Among them there were 8 patients (15%) who subsequently discontinued taking Finlepsin. CONCLUSIONS: Balloon microcompression of Gasserian ganglion is a destructive-symptomatic method that must be considered the main modality only in patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia or with contraindications for operative treatment. Balloon microcompression of Gasserian ganglion is a minimally destructive treatment mode, which allows to increase the effectiveness of treatment due to the alleviation of pain paroxysm in the area of trigeminal innervation and the decrease in dosage of anti-epileptic medicine.

This review of modern literature presents the issue of early diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) which is one of the most important problems in ophthalmology. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the number of glaucoma patients all over the world ranges from 60.5 to 105 million people, and in the next 10 years it will increase by another 10 million. The subtle onset of the disease usually leads to late diagnosis, since visual field defects are often first detectable by visual field testing when 25–35% of retinal ganglion cells have already been lost. In modern studies, it has been established that the cell death in POAG is accompanied by oxidative stress. It is considered a key factor indicating the pathological process of a fairly large number of chronic diseases of the whole body, including complicated eye pathologies and inflammatory processes. The resulting free radicals oxidize lipids and phospholipids which leads to their peroxidation and triggers damage to cell membranes. The lipid peroxidation is one of obligatory processes occurring in neurodegenerative conditions including POAG. Modern technologies analyzing lipid peroxidation may accelerate the diagnosis, to identify glaucoma biomarkers at an earlier stage, and as a result to maintain quality of vision more efficiently. These studies were carried out in different countries and using different methods such as serological proteomic analysis, chromatography and mass spectrometry, and new technological approaches such as MultiOmics. The study of the protein profile, lipase activity, nitric oxide concentration, activity of carbonic anhydrase enzyme, malondialdehyde (MDA) and other compounds are also very informative. Various fluids were taken as a basis for the study: tears, aqueous humor of the anterior chamber, blood and its components. Together these technologies enable to evaluate the oxidative process in different ways. Earlier diagnosis of glaucoma is very important as it will enable to maintain the quality of vision for a longer time and reduce the rate of the disease progression. Keywords: primary open-angle glaucoma, lipid peroxidation, lacrimal fluid, serum.

A method to experimentally determine the components of complex thermal conductivity for thin polymer films has been developed. It is based on measuring the temperatures of both sides of a film in which a periodic temperature wave is excited. Formulas have been derived that relate the measured temperatures to the thermal conductivity components. Using this method, the frequency dependences of the complex conductivity for cellulose (150 μm thick), fluoroplastic (600 μm), and polypropylene (600 μm) films have been obtained in the frequency range of 0.01–0.25 Hz at 293 K.

PurposeThe purpose of the research is to determine the current contradictions and perspectives of convergence of social development and economic growth for the purpose of formation of the scientific and methodological basis of targeted and efficient state regulation of these processes, which would allow for their harmonization and systemic acceleration.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use correlation analysis for calculating the correlation of the rate of economic growth (according to the forecast of the IMF) and the indicators of qualify of life, calculated by Numbeo, and the index of economy digitization, calculated by the IMD. The research is performed based on the 2020 data. On the basis of the established dependencies, the authors use the method of hierarchy analytics of T.L. Saaty for determining the contribution of social development into economic growth.FindingsThe authors substantiate the existence of close interconnection between social development and economic growth and determine substantial differences in this interconnection in developed countries (correlation – 52%), where only purchasing power of population and society's digitization contribute into acceleration of economic growth, and in developing countries (correlation – 48%), where quality of life, environment protection, living standards and society's development level contribute to acceleration of economic growth.Originality/valueIt is proved that in the course of the increase of the level of social development, it contradicts economic growth – due to which the possibilities of state regulation of the interconnection of these processes are limited. The authors develop a conceptual model of convergence of these processes through the prism of phases of the economic cycle. The compiled model reflects the authors' recommendations at each phase of the economic cycle, due to which state regulation of socioeconomic development will become targeted and efficient.

We have compared the structure, phase transitions and the thermal motion mechanisms of the undecylenic acid in bulk and inside a porous matrix using powder X-ray diffraction, calorimetry and IR-spe...

PurposeThe purpose of the work is to solve the set problem and to study the competition and perspectives of division of labor of humans and machines during creation of intangible assets in Industry 4.0.Design/methodology/approachThe research is performed with the help of regression and comparative analysis by building regression curves and with the help of the qualitative structural and logical analysis.FindingsThe authors perform an overview of the factors that determine the advantages and limits of participation in creation of intangible assets in Industry 4.0, determine the perspectives and compile recommendations for division of human and machine labor during creation of intangible assets in Industry 4.0.Originality/valueThe results of the performed research confirmed the general hypothesis that machine technologies allow improving the innovative, marketing and organizational and managerial activities and activities in the sphere of R&D through automatization of certain stages of the process of creation of intangible assets. The authors determine the factors that define the contribution of machine technologies in this process and their competitive advantages as compared to human intellectual capital during creation of intangible assets. These advantages prove the possibility and expedience of division of human and machine labor during creation of intangible assets.

The authors argue that the contemporary scholarship on hydro energy in Russia lacks a comprehensive overview of development trends, global and regional challenges, and future prospects in connection with the ongoing processes in other sectors of the national economy. Consequently, this paper addresses the gap existing in the scholarship by providing a holistic view of the current state of Russia’s hydro energy. It also identifies and discusses the key developmental constraints, including the general economic and political situation developing both in Russia and in the world, negative trends in the country’s wholesale electricity market and the long-term capacity market, the Russian Government’s focus on development of nuclear power stations and not hydroelectric power stations, as well problems of ensuring the technical and environmental safety of hydropower facilities. Finally, the paper outlines prospects of hydro energy in Russia, taking into account global, regional, and national trends in energy developmentKeywords: Hydro energy, strategy, development, constrains, Siberia, Russian Far EastJEL Classifications: Q25, Q48DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.8968

The populations of the Arctic Ocean coast in Eastern Siberia (Russia) are represented by a multicultural conglomerate of peoples of different origins: Paleo-Asiatic (Chukchi), Uralic (Yukaghirs), Tungusic (Evenks, Evens), Turkic (Yakuts, Dolgans), and Slavic (Russian explorers), who inhabited this territory during various historical periods. However, among the modern Arctic populations there are still “white spots”, such as people of the small village of “Russkoe Ust’ye”, who still have not been thoroughly studied. The main population consists of so called Russian old-settlers—the Russkoustinians. They traditionally distinguish their lineages into three groups identified by their time of settlement. First are the “Pomors”—who according to their legends are considered as the descendants of the first European colonists of the Age of Discovery, who settled the eastern shores of the Arctic Ocean in the 16th century before the inclusion of this territory in the Russian Empire in the early 17th century. Second are the “Cossacks”—who reached the Arctic during explorations of Siberia. The last are the “Zashiversk”—who arrived after the abolition of their hometown. In order to test these hypotheses, we analyzed modern family name diversity based on information on 62 individuals from 36 questionnaires. The analysis revealed that the “Pomors” lineages were presented in five families (43.5%), the “Cossacks” in one family (6.5%), and the “Zashiversk” in 37.1% of families. This fact indicates a probability that this village was founded by Russian Pomors who arrived there by the Northern Sea Routes before the official East Siberian colonization period.

K.N. Alekseev1, I.I. Levin1,D.A. Sorokin2 1 Southern Federal University, Taganrog, Russian Federation 2 Supercomputers and Neurocomputers Research Center, Taganrog, Russian Federation E-mails: alexseev91@mail.ru, iilevin@sfedu.ru, jotun@inbox.ru. Кирилл Николаевич Алексеев, аспирант, кафедра интеллектуальных многопроцессорных систем, институт компьютерных технологий и информационной безопасности инженерно-технологической академии, Южный федеральный университет (г. Таганрог, Российская Федерация), alexseev91@mail.ru. Илья Израилевич Левин, доктор технических наук, профессор, кафедра интеллектуальных многопроцессорных систем, институт компьютерных технологий и информационной безопасности инженерно-технологической академии, Южный федеральный университет (г. Таганрог, Российская Федерация), iilevin@sfedu.ru. Дмитрий Анатольевич Сорокин, кандидат технических наук, ООО ≪Научно- исследовательский центр супер-ЭВМ и нейрокомпьютеров≫ (г. Таганрог, Российская Федерация), jotun@inbox.ru. The traditional methodology of computer-aided synthesis of parallel-pipeline programs for reconfigurable computer systems based on field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) is aimed at the highest possible computer system performance, achieved on available hardware resource. Application of such an approach to real-time problems can lead to inefficient use of system hardware resource. Frequently, this fact leads to idle stand of occupied equipment and to higher requirements to power consumption, size and cost of the end product. We suggest a new methodology to synthesize of parallel-pipeline programs for solution of realtime computationally intensive problems. The methodology provides data processing having a specified rate which depends on a specified time interval. With the help of the developed methodology, it is possible to synthesize a problem computing structure, which requires the minimum hardware resource for the specified system performance. In order to illustrate the suggested methodology, we give the solution of the real-time surface-related multiple prediction problem. We evaluate various configurations of reconfigurable computer systems based on Xilinx Kintex UltraScale FPGAs. Традиционная методика автоматизированного синтеза параллельно-конвейерных программ для реконфигурируемых вычислительных систем, основным вычислительнымсхемы, нацелена на достижение максимально возможной производительности вычислительной системы на доступном аппаратном ресурсе. Применение такого подхода при решении задач реального времени может приводить к неэффективному использованию аппаратного ресурса систем. Зачастую это приводит как к простою используемого оборудования, так и к повышенным требованиям к энергопотреблению, габаритам и стоимости конечного изделия. Предложена новая методика синтеза параллельно- конвейерных программ для решения вычислительно-трудоемких задач реального времени, позволяющая вести обработку данных с конкретной скоростью, зависящей от заданных временных рамок. С помощью разработанной методики выполняется синтез вычислительной структуры задачи, требующей минимум аппаратного ресурса для требуемой производительности системы. В качестве иллюстрации работы предлагаемой методики приведено решение задачи прогнозирования кратных волн в режиме реального времени. Были приведены оценки различных конфигураций реконфигурируемых вычислительных систем, основным вычислительным элементом которых являются программируемые логические интегральные схемы фирмы Xilinx семейства Kintex UltraScale.

Light scattering in a 3% aqueous solution of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (metolose) is studied under nonequilibrium conditions within a temperature range of 303–353 K, i.e., in the neighborhood of the phase transition temperature (336 K). It is established that the light scattering intensity undergoes considerable fluctuations in this temperature interval. It is shown that they are caused by quasi-periodic motions (density fluctuations) appearing in the strongly nonequilibrium state of the solution.

Melting of crystalline compounds inside the nanopores of open-morphology porous systems was studied on a model system, consisted of 1-octadecene and silica gels with different pore sizes, by means of thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction. The parameters of silica gels porous structure (surface area, pore size and volume) were calculated using N2 adsorption data. To describe the experimental results, a new thermodynamic model of crystallites melting inside the nanopores of irregular shape was established. This model allows an analytical prediction for the shift of phase transition temperature and melting enthalpy (latent heat of melting) due to the surface tension effects. To a first approximation, both parameters must linearly depend on the specific ratio of the total surface of pores to their total volume, and experimental studies have mostly confirmed this result for the melting of 1-octadecene confined inside the pores of a wide range of various silicas (with the pores of different sizes and geometry).

The possibilities of minimizing the volume of waste are examined for the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel from VVER-1000 and the matrix material for high-level wastes. The analysis takes into account the designbasis isotopic composition of VVER-1000 spent fuel and the current normative base in the sphere of waste management. It is shown that deep underground disposal of radioactive wastes cannot be avoided at the present stage of development of the reprocessing technologies for the spent fuel from thermal reactors and with the existing legislation associated with the conditions of use of matrices for solidification of wastes and the conditions of waste disposal. Variant methods for decreasing the volume of underground disposal of radwaste are proposed.

The development of scalable parallel programs for high-performance computer systems with reconfigurable and hybrid architectures is an important problem in the field of modern supercomputer engineering. Resource-independent applied software in the high-level COLAMO programming language describes only the limited number of the algorithm implementations for some configurations due to the inductive principle of the information graph forming. However, the creation of efficient resource-independent parallel software requires programming tool that supports both induction and reduction of calculations. To solve the problem, we propose the application of the Set@l programming language based on the aspect-oriented programming paradigm and set-theoretical code representation. According to the aspect-oriented concept, Set@l describes an algorithm for the problem solution and its parallelizing and other implementation features as separated program modules – source code and various aspects. The programming language being considered has much in common with traditional set-theory-based languages such as SETL, SETLX and SETL2, but Set@l introduces the essential classification of collections by parallelism, definiteness, orderliness and other criteria. In contrast to the high-level COLAMO programming language, Set@l specifies the full information graph of a computational problem in the absolutely parallel form and describes the reduction principles for all configurations of a computer system as independent aspects of a program. In this paper, we demonstrate that the aspect-oriented sorting program in the Set@l language defines different types of quadratic sorting networks and various methods of their partition and reduction.

Noting the enormous importance of the Russian and energy complex for international and domestic energy policies, the paper critically reviews the Energy Strategy of Russia until 2035, focusing on the state, challenges, and development trends of the global and Russian energy. We devote a lot of attention to the internal problems and export opportunities, the key aspects of the Russian energy policy in long-term perspectives, as well as review the development scenarios and stages of implementation. While conducting a critical review, we focus on how well the Strategy captures the current situation in international energy markets and trends in the development of the Russian energy and fuel complex. We also look into how comprehensively the Strategy addresses the identified challenges and possible prospects, as well as discuss which provisions could strengthen the Strategy. Our analysis clearly demonstrates that the Strategy adequately addresses both international and domestic processes leading to the current state of the Russian fuel and energy complex. However, we also point out to a number of shortcomings. First, it still supports the export-oriented model of energy development in Russia, but it would be much promising to focus on building a model of resource-innovative development. Second, there is no comprehensive strategy of working on the European energy market and the markets of the Asia-Pacific region, and the proposed scenarios do not take into account the shrinking export demand in the future. Third, it primary focuses on the carbon resources, not providing sufficient attention to the increasing role of renewable energy. Fourth, the outlined ambitious plans of technological modernization of the refinery sector appear hard to implement in the current conditions of protracted technological development and technological sanctions. These identified drawbacks could be used for developing policy recommendations.Keywords: Energy Policy, Energy Strategy, Fuel and Energy Complex, RussiaJEL Classifications: Q2, Q3, Q4DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.8263

Purpose The purpose of the paper is to determine the perspectives of diversification of educational services in the conditions of industry 4.0 on the basis of artificial intelligence (AI) training, determine the consequences of this process for academic and teaching staff and to develop recommendations for its practical implementation. Design/methodology/approach The methods of horizontal, trends and regression analysis are used for studying social consequences of digital modernization of the markets of higher education (for academic and teaching staff). The research is performed by the example of modern Russia on the basis of the statistical data of Federal State Statistics Service and the International Telecommunication Union. The timeframe of the research covers academic years 2000/2001-2018/2019. Findings It is determined that digital modernization of the sphere of higher education stimulates the reduction of the universities’ need for academic and teaching staff and growth of their unemployment. However, further digital modernization of economy on the basis of breakthrough technologies of industry 4.0 will lead to creation of a new type of educational services that are provided within entrepreneurship of universities – AI training of business. This will ensure development of university entrepreneurship (and reduction of dependence of universities on state financing), as well as growth of the employment opportunities for experts (academic and teaching staff) in the sphere of AI, which will not depend on the number of students, but will be connected to demand for AI training from digital business. Originality/value The role of AI training in the structure of production business processes of a university in the conditions of industry 4.0 is determined. The necessity for state stimulation of development of digital business in the modern economic systems is substantiated. It is shown that government has to pay close attention to the issues of support in the sphere of AI and mass distribution of their results. Because of this, it will be possible to control social risks in the sphere of higher education.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to substantiate the perspectives and to develop recommendations for managing digital modernization of regional markets of educational services in the conditions of formation of Industry 4.0 by the example of modern Russia. Design/methodology/approach The methodological basis of the research consists of the hypothetical and deductive method. The offered hypothesis of the necessity for decentralization of managing digital modernization of regional markets of educational services in the conditions of formation of Industry 4.0 is verified with the help of a complex of methods of economic statistics (econometrics), namely, the method of regression analysis and analysis of variation. The research objects are regions of modern Russia that are peculiar for the highest level of scientific and technological development (top 15 of 83 regions at the beginning of 2019), which shows their largest progress in formation of Industry 4.0. The information and empirical basis of the research consists of the materials of the report on human development in the Russian Federation “Human and Innovations”, prepared by the Analytical Center for the Government of the Russian Federation (values of the education index are taken from it), and analytical materials of the rating “Level of Development of Science and Technologies in Regions of Russia” as a result of 2018, prepared by Ria rating (values of the index of scientific and technological development are taken from it). Findings It is determined that regional specifics are not sufficiently considered during management of modernization of regional markets of educational services in the conditions of formation of Industry 4.0 in modern Russia. This reduces efficiency of managing digital modernization of regional markets of educational services and leads to the fact that these markets do not perform their function of infrastructural provision of Industry 4.0, slowing down the process of its formation. Originality/value The necessity for managing modernization of the markets of educational services in the conditions of formation of Industry 4.0 at the regional level, in view of specifics of the regional economy, is substantiated. For this, a conceptual model and recommendations for its practical application in modern Russia are offered.

In this paper, we review forty seven best papers on digitalization of the Russian fuel and energy complex. All the papers are written in Russian and published in a number of Russian academic journals that are mostly distributed via closed national library systems and, consequently, are not available for foreign scholars interested in studying Russia’s energy policies. Our review identifies a total of five research directions in the Russian scholarship: (i) general trends in digitalization of the Russian fuel and energy complex; (ii) concepts and approaches used by the Russian scholars; (iii) government policies; (iv) digital technologies; and (v) security concerns. Each research direction is carefully covered and analyzed. Then, we identify gaps in the Russian scholarship and propose three potential research areas.Keywords: Digitalization, Energy Industries, Russia, Contemporary ScholarshipJEL Classifications: Q2, Q3, Q4DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.7673