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2. A Psalter for a Danish Queen?

Author

Synnøve Midtbø Myking

Subjects
Modern history, 1453-, D204-475, Medieval history, D111-203
Abstract

London, British Library, Add. MS 17868 is an illuminated luxury psalter made in Northern France c. 1260. While nothing is known of its provenance before it was acquired by the library, the composition of the calendar is unusual for a French psalter in that it includes the Scandinavian saints King Olav, King Knud, and Knud Lavard. Alongside the physical characteristics of the psalter, which suggest the manuscript was made for a member of the uppermost strata of society, the calendar thus offers a hint as to the intended recipient. This article examines the psalter with a particular focus on the calendar. Placing the manuscript in the context of other illuminated psalters owned by members of the Scandinavian elite in the thirteenth century, it suggests that the psalter may have been made for Queen Ingeborg of Norway, daughter of the Danish King Erik Plovpenning and wife of King Magnus Lagabøte. This theory is supported by the historical circumstances as they are described in the saga of Håkon Håkonsson.

Published
2023

4. Genetic and environmental manipulation of Arabidopsis hybridization barriers uncovers antagonistic functions in endosperm cellularization

Author

Katrine N. Bjerkan, Renate M. Alling, Ida V. Myking, Anne K. Brysting, and Paul E. Grini

Subjects
Arabidopsis thaliana, A. arenosa, A. lyrata, hybrid barrier, temperature, endosperm, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

Speciation involves reproductive isolation, which can occur by hybridization barriers acting in the endosperm of the developing seed. The nuclear endosperm is a nutrient sink, accumulating sugars from surrounding tissues, and undergoes coordinated cellularization, switching to serve as a nutrient source for the developing embryo. Tight regulation of cellularization is therefore vital for seed and embryonic development. Here we show that hybrid seeds from crosses between Arabidopsis thaliana as maternal contributor and A. arenosa or A. lyrata as pollen donors result in an endosperm based post-zygotic hybridization barrier that gives rise to a reduced seed germination rate. Hybrid seeds display opposite endosperm cellularization phenotypes, with late cellularization in crosses with A. arenosa and early cellularization in crosses with A. lyrata. Stage specific endosperm reporters display temporally ectopic expression in developing hybrid endosperm, in accordance with the early and late cellularization phenotypes, confirming a disturbance of the source-sink endosperm phase change. We demonstrate that the hybrid barrier is under the influence of abiotic factors, and show that a temperature gradient leads to diametrically opposed cellularization phenotype responses in hybrid endosperm with A. arenosa or A. lyrata as pollen donors. Furthermore, different A. thaliana accession genotypes also enhance or diminish seed viability in the two hybrid cross-types, emphasizing that both genetic and environmental cues control the hybridization barrier. We have identified an A. thaliana MADS-BOX type I family single locus that is required for diametrically opposed cellularization phenotype responses in hybrid endosperm. Loss of AGAMOUS-LIKE 35 significantly affects the germination rate of hybrid seeds in opposite directions when transmitted through the A. thaliana endosperm, and is suggested to be a locus that promotes cellularization as part of an endosperm based mechanism involved in post-zygotic hybrid barriers. The role of temperature in hybrid speciation and the identification of distinct loci in control of hybrid failure have great potential to aid the introduction of advantageous traits in breeding research and to support models to predict hybrid admixture in a changing global climate.

Published
2023
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5. Linked Open Data Vocabularies and Identifiers for Medieval Studies.

Author

Toby Burrows, Antoine Brix, R. Douglas Emery, Arthur Mitchell Fraas, Eero Hyvönen, Esko Ikkala, Mikko Koho, David Lewis 0003, Synnøve Myking, Kevin R. Page, Lynn Ransom, Emma Cawlfield Thomson, Jouni Tuominen, Hanno Wijsman, and Pip Willcox

Published
2020

6. Frå 'språksamlingane' til Språksamlingane - prosessen og vurderingane

Author

Johan Myking

Subjects
Philology. Linguistics, P1-1091, Germanic languages. Scandinavian languages, PD1-7159
Abstract

I 2014 sa Universitetet i Oslo frå seg ansvaret for dei nasjonale språksamlingane, og ein omfattande offentleg debatt følgde. I 2015 overførte Kunnskapsdepartementet ansvaret for samlingane til Universitetet i Bergen med ei rammeløyving på seks millionar kroner. Artikkelen skildrar korleis Universitetet i Bergen posisjonerte seg og dei ulike strategiske vurderingane bak prosessen. Forsøket på redningsaksjon gjennom ei nasjonal ordbokgruppe med representasjon frå dei norske universiteta vert òg presentert. Universitetet i Bergen har akseptert ansvaret for samlingane som eit nasjonalt oppdrag, og slår no saman samlingane med eigne samlingar og samlingar frå andre institusjonar. Eit viktig resultat er at institusjonen har fått eit aktivt leksikografisk fagmiljø med fagleg ansvar for Bokmålsordboka, Nynorskordboka og Norsk Ordbok og tilleggsfinansiering over statsbudsjettet. Den avgrensa rammeløyvinga set grenser for drifta av andre delar av samlingane. Målet er framleis å utvikla samlingane som nasjonal forskingsressurs.

Published
2022
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7. 'De andre findes (vden tuiill) paa Herness heller Gilleskaall' - Mellomalderbøker i Nordland i etterreformatorisk tid

Author

Synnøve Midtbø Myking

Subjects
Modern history, 1453-, D204-475, Medieval history, D111-203
Abstract

Most known book collections in medieval Norway are associated with religious institutions such as monastic houses and cathedral chapters. In the northernmost parts of Norway there were no such institutions, but we still find traces of books and book collections. The Norwegian National Archives host fragments from almost a hundred manuscripts, both in Latin and Old Norse, with a provenance from the fief of Nordland. These were used as binding support for fief and bailiwick accounts in the seventeenth century. Additionally, surviving sources testify to the presence of books in medieval Hålogaland and post-Reformation Nordland: books mentioned in wills; incunables from Trondenes; and two famous Norse manuscripts currently kept in the De La Gardie collection in Uppsala, which have a seventeenth-century provenance from Salten in Nordland, where the governor's residence was located. For the first time, all these sources are studied together in the present article, thus leading to a new understanding of which books existed in Nordland before and after the Reformation, and their fate.

Published
2021

8. The Low Country Saints of the Næstved Calendar.

Author

Myking, Synnøve Midtbø

Subjects
*BENEDICTINE monasteries, *CALENDAR, *ILLUMINATION of books & manuscripts, *CULTS
Abstract

The Næstved Calendar (Copenhagen, Det Kongelige Bibliotek, E don. var. 52 2º), an illuminated manuscript produced at the Benedictine monastery of St Peder at Næstved (also called Skovkloster) ca. 1228-1250, is known for transmitting historical information in the form of the older Næstved annals, as well as information pertaining to various persons related to the community. However, the composition of the calendar which gives the manuscript its name has received little attention. An analysis of the feasts in the calendar reveals a strong influence from the Low Countries, more specifically the areas today covered by Belgium and Northern France, but little to none of the English and German influence usually seen as typical of high medieval Danish calendars. The article proposes two possible explanations for the calendar's composition: the influence of the Flemish and Northern French connections of the Danish elite in the Valdemar Era (1157-1241), most famously exemplified by members of the Hvide family such as Peder Sunesen (d. 1214), and Næstved's own contacts, forged through the town's position as a centre of trade. In both scenarios, the saints' presence should be seen in the context of greater mobility and increased connections with the continent in the Valdemar Era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in Norway

Author

John H.-O. Pettersson, Solveig Myking, Hilde Elshaug, Kirsten Irene Ege Bygdås, and Kathrine Stene-Johansen

Subjects
Hepatitis B virus, Molecular epidemiology, Phylogenetics, Genotyping, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a serious global health challenge. The widespread distribution of HBV is highlighted by multiple HBV genotypes associated with different geographical origin and transmission patterns, as well as, clinical outcomes. Investigating population HBV genotype composition and origin is therefore highly warranted. Methods In this molecular epidemiological study we analysed 1157 HBV S-gene sequences collected from patients in Norway, primarily in the period 2004–2011, and linked them to epidemiological data from the Norwegian surveillance system for communicable diseases. Results Of the patients with reported country of infection (n = 909), 10% (n = 93) were infected in Norway, but the majority (n = 816; 90%) stated that they became infected outside of Norway. Of the patients infected outside of Norway, most became infected in Southeast and East Asia (n = 465; 51%) and Central, West, and North Africa (n = 254; 28%). The distribution of HBV genotypes in Norway is dominated by genotype D (32%) followed by genotype A (22%), B and C (18 and 18%, respectively), and E (7%). Genotype B, C and E were phylogenetically categorized by a majority of sequences originating from distinct geographical regions, either Asia or Africa, whereas genotype A and D originated from multiple geographic regions. However, within genotype A and D, our molecular epidemiology analysis indicated a geographical clustering of sequences depending on their geographical origin. Conclusions The majority of HBV patients in Norway became infected outside of Norway and were represented by most common genotypes. Patients stated to have been infected in Norway were found primarily within genotype A and D, and were phylogenetically characterized by both small local clusters and interspersed sequences that clustered with non-Norwegian sequences, indicating that a proportion of the patients assumed to have been infected in Norway likely became infected outside of Norway although assumed the contrary.

Published
2019
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17. Skal vi virkelig lage en podcast?

Author

Erik Myking Lieungh

Subjects
podcast, open science, åpen vitenskap, universitetsbiblioteket, formidling, kunnskap, Education (General), L7-991, Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
Abstract

Høsten 2018 startet Universitetsbiblioteket ved UiT Norges Arktiske Universitet en egen podcast om åpen vitenskap. Vi har gjort oss noen erfaringer med å lage en egen biblioteks-podcast, og delte disse under Virak-konferansen 2019.

Published
2020
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18. A global view of aspen: Conservation science for widespread keystone systems

Author

Paul C. Rogers, Bradley D. Pinno, Jan Šebesta, Benedicte R. Albrectsen, Guoqing Li, Natalya Ivanova, Antonín Kusbach, Timo Kuuluvainen, Simon M. Landhäusser, Hongyan Liu, Tor Myking, Pertti Pulkkinen, Zhongming Wen, and Dominik Kulakowski

Subjects
Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Across the northern hemisphere, six species of aspen (Populus spp.) play a disproportionately important role in promoting biodiversity, sequestering carbon, limiting forest disturbances, and providing other ecosystem services. These species are illustrative of efforts to move beyond single-species conservation because they facilitate hundreds of plants and animals worldwide. This review is intended to place aspen in a global conservation context by focusing on the many scientific advances taking place in such biologically diverse systems. In this manner, aspen may serve as a model for other widespread keystone systems where science-based practice may have world implications for biodiversity conservation. In many regions, aspen can maintain canopy dominance for decades to centuries as the sole major broadleaf trees in forested landscapes otherwise dominated by conifers. Aspen ecosystems are valued for many reasons, but here we highlight their potential as key contributors to regional and global biodiversity. We present global trends in research priorities, strengths, and weaknesses based on, 1) a qualitative survey, 2) a systematic literature analysis, and 3) regional syntheses of leading research topics. These regional syntheses explore important aspen uses, threats, and research priorities with the ultimate intent of research sharing focused on sound conservation practice. In all regions, we found that aspen enhance biodiversity, facilitate rapid (re)colonization in natural and damaged settings (e.g., abandoned mines), and provide adaptability in changing environments. Common threats to aspen ecosystems in many, but not all, regions include effects of herbivory, land clearing, logging practices favoring conifer species, and projected climate warming. We also highlight regional research gaps that emerged from the three survey approaches above. We believe multi-scale research is needed that examines disturbance processes in the context of dynamic climates where ecological, physiological, and genetic variability will ultimately determine widespread aspen sustainability. Based on this global review of aspen research, we argue for the advancement of the “mega-conservation” strategy, centered on the idea of sustaining a set of common keystone communities (aspen) that support wide arrays of obligate species. This approach contrasts with conventional preservation which focuses limited resources on individual species residing in narrow niches. Keywords: Populus tremula, P. tremuloides, P. davidiana, P. adenopoda, Biodiversity, Forests, World conservation, Literature review

Published
2020
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19. Alle vegar fører til Nidaros

Author

Synnøve Midtbø Myking

Subjects
Modern history, 1453-, D204-475, Medieval history, D111-203
Abstract

This article discusses a fragment of Stephen of Tournai's Summa in decretum Gratiani, now in the Norwegian National Archives, but originally part of a manuscript copied in France between around 1175 and 1200. The medieval provenance of the manuscript is uncertain, but the article discusses the possible ways in which it might have ended up in Norway, where it was used as binding material for seventeenth-century accounts from the area around Trondheim: was it brought to Norway as a result of contacts forged in twelfth-century Paris, or did it come to Denmark first? By showing that the manuscript, no matter whether it first came to Norway or Denmark, would have travelled thanks to the same type of contacts, involving the same type of people, the article uses the absence of a known medieval provenance as an opportunity to shed light on Danish-Norwegian connections and parallels in the High Middle Ages.

Published
2020

20. Marginal/peripheral populations of forest tree species and their conservation status: report for Baltic region

Author

Mari Rusanen and Tor Myking

Subjects
Forest genetic resources, forest tree marginal populations, MaPs, marginality, Cost Action FP 1202 MaP FGR, Agriculture
Abstract

The Baltic region includes in this report Fennoscandia (Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark), the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) and Poland. This region is fairly heterogeneous as regards forest history, forest policy, forest economy as well as climate and conditions for forest growth. The climate of the Baltic region is cool, but still drastically modified by the Gulfstream which skirts the western coast of Scandinavia, giving rise to much warmer summers and milder winters than expected based on the latitude. The warming associated with climate change is expected to be particularly pronounced in winter and at high latitudes. In coastal areas precipitation may increase notably. With elevated temperature, the frequency of both spring frost and drought events is predicted to increase in continental parts. The vegetation and forest types are heterogeneous. Fennoscandia has a large proportion of boreal vegetation where coniferous forests dominate and many broadleaves common in Central Europe are rare and scattered. In the Baltic region the most distinct marginal populations are those at the northern fringe of their distribution. The distribution ranges are limited by a combination of different factors such as low winter temperatures, short growing season either for growth or for seed maturation, soil types and human influence. Fragmentation may limit gene flow between stands, and some populations also show slight inbreeding. The countries in the region have protected jointly 4,9 M ha in the main MCPFE categories. The northern part of the region seems to put more weight on nature conservation through no intervention whereas the southern part emphasizes conservation through active management. The countries of the Baltic region have uploaded altogether 1'172 in situ genetic conservation units in the European Information System on Forest Genetic Resources (EUFGIS).

Published
2018
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24. The GenTree Dendroecological Collection, tree-ring and wood density data from seven tree species across Europe

Author

Martínez-Sancho, Elisabet, Slámová, Lenka, Morganti, Sandro, Grefen, Claudio, Carvalho, Barbara, Dauphin, Benjamin, Rellstab, Christian, Gugerli, Felix, Opgenoorth, Lars, Heer, Katrin, Knutzen, Florian, von Arx, Georg, Valladares, Fernando, Cavers, Stephen, Fady, Bruno, Alía, Ricardo, Aravanopoulos, Filippos, Avanzi, Camilla, Bagnoli, Francesca, Barbas, Evangelos, Bastien, Catherine, Benavides, Raquel, Bernier, Frédéric, Bodineau, Guillaume, Bastias, Cristina C., Charpentier, Jean-Paul, Climent, José M., Corréard, Marianne, Courdier, Florence, Danusevicius, Darius, Farsakoglou, Anna-Maria, del Barrio, José M. García, Gilg, Olivier, González-Martínez, Santiago C., Gray, Alan, Hartleitner, Christoph, Hurel, Agathe, Jouineau, Arnaud, Kärkkäinen, Katri, Kujala, Sonja T., Labriola, Mariaceleste, Lascoux, Martin, Lefebvre, Marlène, Lejeune, Vincent, Le-Provost, Grégoire, Liesebach, Mirko, Malliarou, Ermioni, Mariotte, Nicolas, Matesanz, Silvia, Michotey, Célia, Milesi, Pascal, Myking, Tor, Notivol, Eduardo, Pakull, Birte, Piotti, Andrea, Plomion, Christophe, Pringarbe, Mehdi, Pyhäjärvi, Tanja, Raffin, Annie, Ramírez-Valiente, José A., Ramskogler, Kurt, Robledo-Arnuncio, Juan J., Savolainen, Outi, Schueler, Silvio, Semerikov, Vladimir, Spanu, Ilaria, Thévenet, Jean, Mette Tollefsrud, Mari, Turion, Norbert, Veisse, Dominique, Vendramin, Giovanni Giuseppe, Villar, Marc, Westin, Johan, and Fonti, Patrick

Published
2020
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25. Author Correction: The GenTree Dendroecological Collection, tree-ring and wood density data from seven tree species across Europe

Author

Martínez-Sancho, Elisabet, Slámová, Lenka, Morganti, Sandro, Grefen, Claudio, Carvalho, Barbara, Dauphin, Benjamin, Rellstab, Christian, Gugerli, Felix, Opgenoorth, Lars, Heer, Katrin, Knutzen, Florian, von Arx, Georg, Valladares, Fernando, Cavers, Stephen, Fady, Bruno, Alía, Ricardo, Aravanopoulos, Filippos, Avanzi, Camilla, Bagnoli, Francesca, Barbas, Evangelos, Bastien, Catherine, Benavides, Raquel, Bernier, Frédéric, Bodineau, Guillaume, Bastias, Cristina C., Charpentier, Jean-Paul, Climent, José M., Corréard, Marianne, Courdier, Florence, Danusevicius, Darius, Farsakoglou, Anna-Maria, García del Barrio, José M., Gilg, Olivier, González-Martínez, Santiago C., Gray, Alan, Hartleitner, Christoph, Hurel, Agathe, Jouineau, Arnaud, Kärkkäinen, Katri, Kujala, Sonja T., Labriola, Mariaceleste, Lascoux, Martin, Lefebvre, Marlène, Lejeune, Vincent, Le-Provost, Grégoire, Liesebach, Mirko, Malliarou, Ermioni, Mariotte, Nicolas, Matesanz, Silvia, Michotey, Célia, Milesi, Pascal, Myking, Tor, Notivol, Eduardo, Pakull, Birte, Piotti, Andrea, Plomion, Christophe, Pringarbe, Mehdi, Pyhäjärvi, Tanja, Raffin, Annie, Ramírez-Valiente, José A., Ramskogler, Kurt, Robledo-Arnuncio, Juan J., Savolainen, Outi, Schueler, Silvio, Semerikov, Vladimir, Spanu, Ilaria, Thévenet, Jean, Tollefsrud, Mari Mette, Turion, Norbert, Veisse, Dominique, Vendramin, Giovanni Giuseppe, Villar, Marc, Westin, Johan, and Fonti, Patrick

Published
2020
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29. Thomas Becket, Clairvaux, and Ringsted: Saintly Diversity and European Influences in a Twelfth-Century Fragmentary Legendary from Denmark

Author

Myking, Synnøve Midtbø and Myking, Synnøve Midtbø

Abstract

This article examines a collection of saints’ lives from c. 1200, preserved asfragments in the Danish National Archives and the Royal Library.1 Half of the fragmentstransmit material related to Thomas Becket: Benedict of Peterborough’s miracles, Johnof Salisbury’s vita, and an anonymous account of King Henry II’s penance in Canterbury.The presence of the two latter works in Denmark, as well as that of some of the otherlegends represented amongst the fragments, are identified and discussed here for thefirst time. Based on the contents and provenance of the fragments, a link to Ringstedabbey is suggested.

Published
2023

30. Between but not within species variation in the distribution of fitness effects

Author

James, Jennifer, Kastally, Chedly, Budde, Katharina B., González-Martínez, Santiago C., Milesi, Pascal, Pyhäjärvi, Tanja, Alizoti, Paraskevi, Alía, Ricardo, Ambrosio, Olivier, Aravanopoulos, Filippos A., von Arx, Georg, Audrey, Albet, Auñón, Francisco, Avanzi, Camilla, Avramidou, Evangelia, Bagnoli, Francesca, Bajc, Marko, Ballesteros, Eduardo, Barbas, Evangelos, del Barrio, José M. García, Bastias, Cristina C., Bastien, Catherine, Beffa, Giorgia, Benavides, Raquel, Benoit, Vanina, Bernier, Frédéric, Bignalet, Henri, Bodineau, Guillaume, Bouic, Damien, Brodbeck, Sabine, Brunetto, William, Buchovska, Jurata, Buret, Corinne, Buy, Melanie, Cabanillas-Saldaña, Ana M., Carvalho, Bárbara, Cavers, Stephen, Del Caño, Fernando, Cervantes, Sandra, Cheval, Nicolas, Climent, José M., Correard, Marianne, Cremer, Eva, Danusevičius, Darius, Dauphin, Benjamin, Denou, Jean-Luc, Dokhelar, Bernard, Ducousso, Alexis, Fady, Bruno, Faivre-Rampant, Patricia, Farsakoglou, Anna-Maria, Fonti, Patrick, Ganopoulos, Ioannis, Gilg, Olivier, De Girardi, Nicolas, Graf, René, Gray, Alan, Grivet, Delphine, Gugerli, Felix, Hartleitner, Christoph, Heer, Katrin, Hollenbach, Enja, Hurel, Agathe, Issenhuth, Bernard, Jean, Florence, Jorge, Véronique, Jouineau, Arnaud, Kappner, Jan-Philipp, Kesälahti, Robert, Knutzen, Florian, Kujala, Sonja T., Kumpula, Timo A., Kärkkäinen, Katri, Labriola, Mariaceleste, Lalanne, Celine, Lambertz, Johannes, Le-Provost, Gregoire, Lejeune, Vincent, Lesur-Kupin, Isabelle, Levillain, Joseph, Liesebach, Mirko, López-Quiroga, David, Malliarou, Ermioni, Marchon, Jérémy, Mariotte, Nicolas, Mas, Antonio, Matesanz, Silvia, Meier, Benjamin, Meischner, Helge, Michotey, Célia, Morganti, Sandro, Myking, Tor, Nievergelt, Daniel, Eskild Nilsen, Anne, Notivol, Eduardo, Ojeda, Dario I., Olsson, Sanna, Opgenoorth, Lars, Ostreng, Geir, Pakull, Birte, Perry, Annika, Pinosio, Sara, Piotti, Andrea, Plomion, Christophe, Poinot, Nicolas, Pringarbe, Mehdi, Puzos, Luc, Raffin, Annie, Ramírez-Valiente, José A., Rellstab, Christian, Remi, Dourthe, Reutimann, Oliver, Richter, Sebastian, Robledo-Arnuncio, Juan J., Rogier, Odile, Sancho, Elisabet Martínez, Savolainen, Outi, Scalabrin, Simone, Schneck, Volker, Schueler, Silvio, Scotti, Ivan, Segundo, Sergio San, Semerikov, Vladimir, Slámová, Lenka, Spanu, Ilaria, Sønstebø, Jørn Henrik, Thevenet, Jean, Tollefsrud, Mari Mette, Turion, Norbert, Valladares, Fernando, Vendramin, Giovanni G., Villar, Marc, Westergren, Marjana, Westin, Johan, Lascoux, Martin, James, Jennifer, Kastally, Chedly, Budde, Katharina B., González-Martínez, Santiago C., Milesi, Pascal, Pyhäjärvi, Tanja, Alizoti, Paraskevi, Alía, Ricardo, Ambrosio, Olivier, Aravanopoulos, Filippos A., von Arx, Georg, Audrey, Albet, Auñón, Francisco, Avanzi, Camilla, Avramidou, Evangelia, Bagnoli, Francesca, Bajc, Marko, Ballesteros, Eduardo, Barbas, Evangelos, del Barrio, José M. García, Bastias, Cristina C., Bastien, Catherine, Beffa, Giorgia, Benavides, Raquel, Benoit, Vanina, Bernier, Frédéric, Bignalet, Henri, Bodineau, Guillaume, Bouic, Damien, Brodbeck, Sabine, Brunetto, William, Buchovska, Jurata, Buret, Corinne, Buy, Melanie, Cabanillas-Saldaña, Ana M., Carvalho, Bárbara, Cavers, Stephen, Del Caño, Fernando, Cervantes, Sandra, Cheval, Nicolas, Climent, José M., Correard, Marianne, Cremer, Eva, Danusevičius, Darius, Dauphin, Benjamin, Denou, Jean-Luc, Dokhelar, Bernard, Ducousso, Alexis, Fady, Bruno, Faivre-Rampant, Patricia, Farsakoglou, Anna-Maria, Fonti, Patrick, Ganopoulos, Ioannis, Gilg, Olivier, De Girardi, Nicolas, Graf, René, Gray, Alan, Grivet, Delphine, Gugerli, Felix, Hartleitner, Christoph, Heer, Katrin, Hollenbach, Enja, Hurel, Agathe, Issenhuth, Bernard, Jean, Florence, Jorge, Véronique, Jouineau, Arnaud, Kappner, Jan-Philipp, Kesälahti, Robert, Knutzen, Florian, Kujala, Sonja T., Kumpula, Timo A., Kärkkäinen, Katri, Labriola, Mariaceleste, Lalanne, Celine, Lambertz, Johannes, Le-Provost, Gregoire, Lejeune, Vincent, Lesur-Kupin, Isabelle, Levillain, Joseph, Liesebach, Mirko, López-Quiroga, David, Malliarou, Ermioni, Marchon, Jérémy, Mariotte, Nicolas, Mas, Antonio, Matesanz, Silvia, Meier, Benjamin, Meischner, Helge, Michotey, Célia, Morganti, Sandro, Myking, Tor, Nievergelt, Daniel, Eskild Nilsen, Anne, Notivol, Eduardo, Ojeda, Dario I., Olsson, Sanna, Opgenoorth, Lars, Ostreng, Geir, Pakull, Birte, Perry, Annika, Pinosio, Sara, Piotti, Andrea, Plomion, Christophe, Poinot, Nicolas, Pringarbe, Mehdi, Puzos, Luc, Raffin, Annie, Ramírez-Valiente, José A., Rellstab, Christian, Remi, Dourthe, Reutimann, Oliver, Richter, Sebastian, Robledo-Arnuncio, Juan J., Rogier, Odile, Sancho, Elisabet Martínez, Savolainen, Outi, Scalabrin, Simone, Schneck, Volker, Schueler, Silvio, Scotti, Ivan, Segundo, Sergio San, Semerikov, Vladimir, Slámová, Lenka, Spanu, Ilaria, Sønstebø, Jørn Henrik, Thevenet, Jean, Tollefsrud, Mari Mette, Turion, Norbert, Valladares, Fernando, Vendramin, Giovanni G., Villar, Marc, Westergren, Marjana, Westin, Johan, and Lascoux, Martin

Abstract

New mutations provide the raw material for evolution and adaptation. The distribution of fitness effects (DFE) describes the spectrum of effects of new mutations that can occur along a genome, and is therefore of vital interest in evolutionary biology. Recent work has uncovered striking similarities in the DFE between closely related species, prompting us to ask whether there is variation in the DFE among populations of the same species, or among species with different degrees of divergence, i.e., whether there is variation in the DFE at different levels of evolution. Using exome capture data from six tree species sampled across Europe we characterised the DFE for multiple species, and for each species, multiple populations, and investigated the factors potentially influencing the DFE, such as demography, population divergence and genetic background. We find statistical support for there being variation in the DFE at the species level, even among relatively closely related species. However, we find very little difference at the population level, suggesting that differences in the DFE are primarily driven by deep features of species biology, and that evolutionarily recent events, such as demographic changes and local adaptation, have little impact.

Published
2023

31. Genetic and environmental manipulation ofArabidopsishybridization barriers uncover antagonistic functions in endosperm cellularization

Author

Katrine N. Bjerkan, Renate M. Alling, Ida V. Myking, Anne K. Brysting, and Paul E. Grini

Abstract

Speciation by reproductive isolation can occur by hybridization barriers acting in the endosperm of the developing seed. The nuclear endosperm is a nutrient sink, accumulating sugars from surrounding tissues, and undergoes coordinated cellularization, switching to serve as a nutrient source for the developing embryo. Tight regulation of cellularization is therefore vital for seed and embryonic development. Here we show that hybrid seeds from crosses betweenArabidopsis thalianaas maternal contributor andA. arenosaorA. lyrataas pollen donors result in an endosperm based post-zygotic hybridization barrier that gives rise to a reduced seed germination rate. Hybrid seeds display opposite endosperm cellularization phenotypes, with late cellularization in crosses withA. arenosaand early cellularization in crosses withA. lyrata. Stage specific endosperm reporters display temporally ectopic expression in developing hybrid endosperm, in accordance with the early and late cellularization phenotypes, confirming a disturbance of the source-sink endosperm phase change. We demonstrate that the hybrid barrier is under the influence of abiotic factors, and show that a temperature gradient leads to diametrically opposed cellularization phenotype responses in hybrid endosperm withA. arenosaorA. lyrataas pollen donors. Furthermore, differentA. thalianaaccession genotypes also enhance or diminish seed viability in the two hybrid cross-types, emphasizing that both genetic and environmental cues control the hybridization barrier. We have identified anA. thalianaMADS-BOX type I family single locus that is required for diametrically opposed cellularization phenotype responses in hybrid endosperm. Loss of AGAMOUS-LIKE 35 significantly affects the germination rate of hybrid seeds in opposite directions when transmitted through theA. thalianaendosperm, and is suggested to be a locus that promotes cellularization as part of an endosperm based mechanism involved in post-zygotic hybrid barriers. The role of temperature in hybrid speciation and the identification of distinct loci in control of hybrid failure have great potential to aid the introduction of advantageous traits in breeding research and to support models to predict hybrid admixture in a changing global climate.

Published
2023
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37. Contrasting genetic structuring in the closely related basidiomycetes Trichaptum abietinum and Trichaptum fuscoviolaceum (Hymenochaetales)

Author

Otto Miettinen, Renate Myking Fossdal, Håvard Kauserud, Inger Skrede, Kristian Skaven Seierstad, and Tor Carlsen

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Trichaptum abietinum, 0303 health sciences, biology, Basidiomycota, Genetic relationship, Trichaptum, biology.organism_classification, DNA, Ribosomal, 01 natural sciences, DNA sequencing, Phylogeography, 03 medical and health sciences, Infectious Diseases, Hymenochaetales, Evolutionary biology, Genetics, Mating, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Trichaptum abietinum and Trichaptum fuscoviolaceum (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) are closely related saprotrophic fungi, widely distributed on coniferous wood in temperate regions worldwide. Three intersterility groups have previously been detected in T. abietinum, while no prezygotic barriers have been proven within T. fuscoviolaceum. The aim of this study was to reveal the phylogeography and genetic relationship between these two closely related species and to explore whether the previously observed intersterility groups in T. abietinum are reflected in the genetic data. We assembled worldwide fruit body collections of both species (N = 314) and generated DNA sequences from three nuclear (ITS2, LSU, IGS) and one mitochondrial rDNA region (mtLSU). The two species are genetically well separated in all analyses. In correspondence with observations from earlier mating studies, our results revealed that T. fuscoviolaceum is genetically more uniform than T. abietinum. Multiple genetic sub-groups exist in T. abietinum that may correspond to the previously observed intersterility groups. However, there is low consistency across the investigated loci in delimiting the different sub-groups, except for a consistent North American group. As for many other widespread fungi, a complex phylogeographic pattern is found in T. abietinum which may have been formed by geographic, as well as multiple genetic intersterility barriers.

Published
2021
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39. Switzerland – a 'peasant state'?

Author

Iversen, Tore, Myking, John Ragnar, Sonderegger, Stefan, Iversen, T ( Tore ), Myking, J R ( John Ragnar ), Sonderegger, S ( Stefan ), Iversen, Tore, Myking, John Ragnar, Sonderegger, Stefan, Iversen, T ( Tore ), Myking, J R ( John Ragnar ), and Sonderegger, S ( Stefan )

Published
2020

40. Author Correction: The GenTree Dendroecological Collection, tree-ring and wood density data from seven tree species across Europe

Author

Martínez-Sancho, Elisabet [0000-0003-4413-6818], Slámová, Lenka [0000-0001-8978-0688], Carvalho, Bárbara [0000-0002-4129-2746], Dauphin, Benjamin [0000-0003-0982-4252], Rellstab, Christian [0000-0002-0221-5975], Gugerli, Felix [0000-0003-3878-1845], Opgenoorth, Lars [0000-0003-0737-047X], Heer, Katrin [0000-0002-1036-599X], Knutzen, Florian [0000-0001-9172-4802], von Arx, Georg [0000-0002-8566-4599], Cavers, Stephen [0000-0003-2139-9236], Fady, Bruno [0000-0003-2379-7617], Alía Miranda, Ricardo [0000-0002-9426-0967], Aravanopoulos, Filippos A. [0000-0001-7194-2642], Avanzi, Camilla [0000-0003-1632-5304], Bagnoli, Francesca [0000-0001-6909-0006], Barbas, Evangelos [0000-0002-5760-605X], Bastien, Catherine [0000-0002-9391-6637], Benavides, Raquel [0000-0003-2328-5371], Bernier, Frédéric [0000-0003-4945-7215], Bastias, Cristina C. [0000-0002-2479-2001], Charpentier, Jean-Paul [0000-0002-6029-0498], Climent Maldonado, José María [0000-0002-0815-2645], Danusevicius, Darius [0000-0002-1196-9293], Farsakoglou, Anna Maria [0000-0002-1906-2813], García Del Barrio, José Manuel [0000-0001-7267-6286], Gilg, Olivier [0000-0002-9083-4492], González-Martínez, S. C. [0000-0002-4534-3766], Hurel, Agathe [0000-0002-4853-9123], Kärkkäinen, Katri [0000-0002-3799-3013], Kujala, Sonja T. [0000-0003-0949-6156], Labriola, Mariaceleste [0000-0002-7622-1921], Lascoux, Martin [0000-0003-1699-9042], Lefebvre, Marlène [0000-0002-0929-5744], Le Provost, G. [0000-0003-1561-266X], Liesebach, M. [0000-0001-8840-5026], Malliarou, Ermioni [0000-0003-4478-9173], Matesanz, Silvia [0000-0003-0060-6136], Michotey, Célia [0000-0003-1877-1703], Myking, T. [0000-0002-8207-4542], Notivol, Eduardo [0000-0003-4272-4536], Pakull, Birte [0000-0003-0921-6732], Piotti, Andrea [0000-0002-3324-5325], Plomion, Christophe [0000-0002-3176-2767], Pyhäjärvi, Tanja [0000-0001-6958-5172], Raffin, Annie [0000-0003-2459-4264], Ramírez Valiente, José Alberto [0000-0002-5951-2938], Robledo-Arnuncio, Juan José [0000-0002-3909-8928], Schueler, S.[0000-0003-0155-5692], Semerikov, Vladimir [0000-0002-2942-8794], Spanu, Ilaria [0000-0002-5682-133X], Mette Tollefsrud, Mari [0000-0002-5939-7845], Vendramin, G. G. [0000-0001-9921-7872], Fonti, Patrick [0000-0002-7070-3292], Martínez-Sancho, Elisabet, Slámová, Lenka, Morganti, Sandro, Grefen, Claudio, Carvalho, Bárbara, Dauphin, Benjamin, Rellstab, Christian, Gugerli, Felix, Opgenoorth, Lars, Heer, Katrin, Knutzen, Florian, von Arx, Georg, Valladares Ros, Fernando, Cavers, Stephen, Fady, Bruno, Alía Miranda, Ricardo, Aravanopoulos, Filippos A., Avanzi, Camilla, Bagnoli, Francesca, Barbas, Evangelos, Bastien, Catherine, Benavides, Raquel, Bernier, Frédéric, Bodineau, Guillaume, Bastias, Cristina C., Charpentier, Jean-Paul, Climent Maldonado, José María, Corréard, Marianne, Courdier, Florence, Danusevicius, Darius, Farsakoglou, Anna Maria, García Del Barrio, José Manuel, Gilg, Olivier, González-Martínez, Santiago C., Gray, Alan, Hartleitner, Christoph, Hurel, Agathe, Jouineau, Arnaud, Kärkkäinen, Katri, Kujala, Sonja T., Labriola, Mariaceleste, Lascoux, Martin, Lefebvre, Marlène, Lejeune, Vincent, Le Provost, G., Liesebach, M., Malliarou, Ermioni, Mariotte, Nicolas, Matesanz, Silvia, Michotey, Célia, Milesi, Pascal, Myking, T., Notivol, Eduardo, Pakull, Birte, Piotti, Andrea, Plomion, Christophe, Pringarbe, Mehdi, Pyhäjärvi, Tanja, Raffin, Annie, Ramírez Valiente, José Alberto, Ramskogler, Kurt, Robledo-Arnuncio, Juan José, Savolainen, Outi, Schueler, S., Semerikov, Vladimir, Spanu, Ilaria, Thévenet, Jean, Mette Tollefsrud, Mari, Turion, Norbert, Veisse, Dominique, Vendramin, G. G., Villar, Marc, Westin, Johan, Fonti, Patrick, Martínez-Sancho, Elisabet [0000-0003-4413-6818], Slámová, Lenka [0000-0001-8978-0688], Carvalho, Bárbara [0000-0002-4129-2746], Dauphin, Benjamin [0000-0003-0982-4252], Rellstab, Christian [0000-0002-0221-5975], Gugerli, Felix [0000-0003-3878-1845], Opgenoorth, Lars [0000-0003-0737-047X], Heer, Katrin [0000-0002-1036-599X], Knutzen, Florian [0000-0001-9172-4802], von Arx, Georg [0000-0002-8566-4599], Cavers, Stephen [0000-0003-2139-9236], Fady, Bruno [0000-0003-2379-7617], Alía Miranda, Ricardo [0000-0002-9426-0967], Aravanopoulos, Filippos A. [0000-0001-7194-2642], Avanzi, Camilla [0000-0003-1632-5304], Bagnoli, Francesca [0000-0001-6909-0006], Barbas, Evangelos [0000-0002-5760-605X], Bastien, Catherine [0000-0002-9391-6637], Benavides, Raquel [0000-0003-2328-5371], Bernier, Frédéric [0000-0003-4945-7215], Bastias, Cristina C. [0000-0002-2479-2001], Charpentier, Jean-Paul [0000-0002-6029-0498], Climent Maldonado, José María [0000-0002-0815-2645], Danusevicius, Darius [0000-0002-1196-9293], Farsakoglou, Anna Maria [0000-0002-1906-2813], García Del Barrio, José Manuel [0000-0001-7267-6286], Gilg, Olivier [0000-0002-9083-4492], González-Martínez, S. C. [0000-0002-4534-3766], Hurel, Agathe [0000-0002-4853-9123], Kärkkäinen, Katri [0000-0002-3799-3013], Kujala, Sonja T. [0000-0003-0949-6156], Labriola, Mariaceleste [0000-0002-7622-1921], Lascoux, Martin [0000-0003-1699-9042], Lefebvre, Marlène [0000-0002-0929-5744], Le Provost, G. [0000-0003-1561-266X], Liesebach, M. [0000-0001-8840-5026], Malliarou, Ermioni [0000-0003-4478-9173], Matesanz, Silvia [0000-0003-0060-6136], Michotey, Célia [0000-0003-1877-1703], Myking, T. [0000-0002-8207-4542], Notivol, Eduardo [0000-0003-4272-4536], Pakull, Birte [0000-0003-0921-6732], Piotti, Andrea [0000-0002-3324-5325], Plomion, Christophe [0000-0002-3176-2767], Pyhäjärvi, Tanja [0000-0001-6958-5172], Raffin, Annie [0000-0003-2459-4264], Ramírez Valiente, José Alberto [0000-0002-5951-2938], Robledo-Arnuncio, Juan José [0000-0002-3909-8928], Schueler, S.[0000-0003-0155-5692], Semerikov, Vladimir [0000-0002-2942-8794], Spanu, Ilaria [0000-0002-5682-133X], Mette Tollefsrud, Mari [0000-0002-5939-7845], Vendramin, G. G. [0000-0001-9921-7872], Fonti, Patrick [0000-0002-7070-3292], Martínez-Sancho, Elisabet, Slámová, Lenka, Morganti, Sandro, Grefen, Claudio, Carvalho, Bárbara, Dauphin, Benjamin, Rellstab, Christian, Gugerli, Felix, Opgenoorth, Lars, Heer, Katrin, Knutzen, Florian, von Arx, Georg, Valladares Ros, Fernando, Cavers, Stephen, Fady, Bruno, Alía Miranda, Ricardo, Aravanopoulos, Filippos A., Avanzi, Camilla, Bagnoli, Francesca, Barbas, Evangelos, Bastien, Catherine, Benavides, Raquel, Bernier, Frédéric, Bodineau, Guillaume, Bastias, Cristina C., Charpentier, Jean-Paul, Climent Maldonado, José María, Corréard, Marianne, Courdier, Florence, Danusevicius, Darius, Farsakoglou, Anna Maria, García Del Barrio, José Manuel, Gilg, Olivier, González-Martínez, Santiago C., Gray, Alan, Hartleitner, Christoph, Hurel, Agathe, Jouineau, Arnaud, Kärkkäinen, Katri, Kujala, Sonja T., Labriola, Mariaceleste, Lascoux, Martin, Lefebvre, Marlène, Lejeune, Vincent, Le Provost, G., Liesebach, M., Malliarou, Ermioni, Mariotte, Nicolas, Matesanz, Silvia, Michotey, Célia, Milesi, Pascal, Myking, T., Notivol, Eduardo, Pakull, Birte, Piotti, Andrea, Plomion, Christophe, Pringarbe, Mehdi, Pyhäjärvi, Tanja, Raffin, Annie, Ramírez Valiente, José Alberto, Ramskogler, Kurt, Robledo-Arnuncio, Juan José, Savolainen, Outi, Schueler, S., Semerikov, Vladimir, Spanu, Ilaria, Thévenet, Jean, Mette Tollefsrud, Mari, Turion, Norbert, Veisse, Dominique, Vendramin, G. G., Villar, Marc, Westin, Johan, and Fonti, Patrick

Abstract

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Published
2020

41. The GenTree Dendroecological Collection, tree-ring and wood density data from seven tree species across Europe

Author

European Commission, Martínez-Sancho, Elisabet [0000-0003-4413-6818], Slámová, Lenka [0000-0001-8978-0688], Carvalho, Bárbara [0000-0002-4129-2746], Dauphin, Benjamin [0000-0003-0982-4252], Rellstab, Christian [0000-0002-0221-5975], Gugerli, Felix [0000-0003-3878-1845], Opgenoorth, Lars [0000-0003-0737-047X], Heer, Katrin [0000-0002-1036-599X], Knutzen, Florian [0000-0001-9172-4802], von Arx, Georg [0000-0002-8566-4599], Cavers, Stephen [0000-0003-2139-9236], Fady, Bruno [0000-0003-2379-7617], Alía Miranda, Ricardo [0000-0002-9426-0967], Aravanopoulos, Filippos A. [0000-0001-7194-2642], Avanzi, Camilla [0000-0003-1632-5304], Bagnoli, Francesca [0000-0001-6909-0006], Barbas, Evangelos [0000-0002-5760-605X], Bastien, Catherine [0000-0002-9391-6637], Benavides, Raquel [0000-0003-2328-5371], Bernier, Frédéric [0000-0003-4945-7215], Bastias, Cristina C. [0000-0002-2479-2001], Charpentier, Jean-Paul [0000-0002-6029-0498], Climent Maldonado, José María [0000-0002-0815-2645], Danusevicius, Darius [0000-0002-1196-9293], Farsakoglou, Anna Maria [0000-0002-1906-2813], García Del Barrio, José Manuel [0000-0001-7267-6286], Gilg, Olivier [0000-0002-9083-4492], González-Martínez, S. C. [0000-0002-4534-3766], Hurel, Agathe [0000-0002-4853-9123], Kärkkäinen, Katri [0000-0002-3799-3013], Kujala, Sonja T. [0000-0003-0949-6156], Labriola, Mariaceleste [0000-0002-7622-1921], Lascoux, Martin [0000-0003-1699-9042], Lefebvre, Marlène [0000-0002-0929-5744], Le Provost, G. [0000-0003-1561-266X], Liesebach, M. [0000-0001-8840-5026], Malliarou, Ermioni [0000-0003-4478-9173], Matesanz, Silvia [0000-0003-0060-6136], Michotey, Célia [0000-0003-1877-1703], Myking, T. [0000-0002-8207-4542], Notivol, Eduardo [0000-0003-4272-4536], Pakull, Birte [0000-0003-0921-6732], Piotti, Andrea [0000-0002-3324-5325], Plomion, Christophe [0000-0002-3176-2767], Pyhäjärvi, Tanja [0000-0001-6958-5172], Raffin, Annie [0000-0003-2459-4264], Ramírez Valiente, José Alberto [0000-0002-5951-2938], Robledo-Arnuncio, Juan José [0000-0002-3909-8928], Schueler, S.[0000-0003-0155-5692], Semerikov, Vladimir [0000-0002-2942-8794], Spanu, Ilaria [0000-0002-5682-133X], Mette Tollefsrud, Mari [0000-0002-5939-7845], Vendramin, G. G. [0000-0001-9921-7872], Fonti, Patrick [0000-0002-7070-3292], Martínez-Sancho, Elisabet, Slámová, Lenka, Morganti, Sandro, Grefen, Claudio, Carvalho, Bárbara, Dauphin, Benjamin, Rellstab, Christian, Gugerli, Felix, Opgenoorth, Lars, Heer, Katrin, Knutzen, Florian, von Arx, Georg, Valladares Ros, Fernando, Cavers, Stephen, Fady, Bruno, Alía Miranda, Ricardo, Aravanopoulos, Filippos A., Avanzi, Camilla, Bagnoli, Francesca, Barbas, Evangelos, Bastien, Catherine, Benavides, Raquel, Bernier, Frédéric, Bodineau, Guillaume, Bastias, Cristina C., Charpentier, Jean-Paul, Climent Maldonado, José María, Corréard, Marianne, Courdier, Florence, Danusevicius, Darius, Farsakoglou, Anna Maria, García Del Barrio, José Manuel, Gilg, Olivier, González-Martínez, Santiago C., Gray, Alan, Hartleitner, Christoph, Hurel, Agathe, Jouineau, Arnaud, Kärkkäinen, Katri, Kujala, Sonja T., Labriola, Mariaceleste, Lascoux, Martin, Lefebvre, Marlène, Lejeune, Vincent, Le Provost, G., Liesebach, M., Malliarou, Ermioni, Mariotte, Nicolas, Matesanz, Silvia, Michotey, Célia, Milesi, Pascal, Myking, T., Notivol, Eduardo, Pakull, Birte, Piotti, Andrea, Plomion, Christophe, Pringarbe, Mehdi, Pyhäjärvi, Tanja, Raffin, Annie, Ramírez Valiente, José Alberto, Ramskogler, Kurt, Robledo-Arnuncio, Juan José, Savolainen, Outi, Schueler, S., Semerikov, Vladimir, Spanu, Ilaria, Thévenet, Jean, Mette Tollefsrud, Mari, Turion, Norbert, Veisse, Dominique, Vendramin, G. G., Villar, Marc, Westin, Johan, Fonti, Patrick, European Commission, Martínez-Sancho, Elisabet [0000-0003-4413-6818], Slámová, Lenka [0000-0001-8978-0688], Carvalho, Bárbara [0000-0002-4129-2746], Dauphin, Benjamin [0000-0003-0982-4252], Rellstab, Christian [0000-0002-0221-5975], Gugerli, Felix [0000-0003-3878-1845], Opgenoorth, Lars [0000-0003-0737-047X], Heer, Katrin [0000-0002-1036-599X], Knutzen, Florian [0000-0001-9172-4802], von Arx, Georg [0000-0002-8566-4599], Cavers, Stephen [0000-0003-2139-9236], Fady, Bruno [0000-0003-2379-7617], Alía Miranda, Ricardo [0000-0002-9426-0967], Aravanopoulos, Filippos A. [0000-0001-7194-2642], Avanzi, Camilla [0000-0003-1632-5304], Bagnoli, Francesca [0000-0001-6909-0006], Barbas, Evangelos [0000-0002-5760-605X], Bastien, Catherine [0000-0002-9391-6637], Benavides, Raquel [0000-0003-2328-5371], Bernier, Frédéric [0000-0003-4945-7215], Bastias, Cristina C. [0000-0002-2479-2001], Charpentier, Jean-Paul [0000-0002-6029-0498], Climent Maldonado, José María [0000-0002-0815-2645], Danusevicius, Darius [0000-0002-1196-9293], Farsakoglou, Anna Maria [0000-0002-1906-2813], García Del Barrio, José Manuel [0000-0001-7267-6286], Gilg, Olivier [0000-0002-9083-4492], González-Martínez, S. C. [0000-0002-4534-3766], Hurel, Agathe [0000-0002-4853-9123], Kärkkäinen, Katri [0000-0002-3799-3013], Kujala, Sonja T. [0000-0003-0949-6156], Labriola, Mariaceleste [0000-0002-7622-1921], Lascoux, Martin [0000-0003-1699-9042], Lefebvre, Marlène [0000-0002-0929-5744], Le Provost, G. [0000-0003-1561-266X], Liesebach, M. [0000-0001-8840-5026], Malliarou, Ermioni [0000-0003-4478-9173], Matesanz, Silvia [0000-0003-0060-6136], Michotey, Célia [0000-0003-1877-1703], Myking, T. [0000-0002-8207-4542], Notivol, Eduardo [0000-0003-4272-4536], Pakull, Birte [0000-0003-0921-6732], Piotti, Andrea [0000-0002-3324-5325], Plomion, Christophe [0000-0002-3176-2767], Pyhäjärvi, Tanja [0000-0001-6958-5172], Raffin, Annie [0000-0003-2459-4264], Ramírez Valiente, José Alberto [0000-0002-5951-2938], Robledo-Arnuncio, Juan José [0000-0002-3909-8928], Schueler, S.[0000-0003-0155-5692], Semerikov, Vladimir [0000-0002-2942-8794], Spanu, Ilaria [0000-0002-5682-133X], Mette Tollefsrud, Mari [0000-0002-5939-7845], Vendramin, G. G. [0000-0001-9921-7872], Fonti, Patrick [0000-0002-7070-3292], Martínez-Sancho, Elisabet, Slámová, Lenka, Morganti, Sandro, Grefen, Claudio, Carvalho, Bárbara, Dauphin, Benjamin, Rellstab, Christian, Gugerli, Felix, Opgenoorth, Lars, Heer, Katrin, Knutzen, Florian, von Arx, Georg, Valladares Ros, Fernando, Cavers, Stephen, Fady, Bruno, Alía Miranda, Ricardo, Aravanopoulos, Filippos A., Avanzi, Camilla, Bagnoli, Francesca, Barbas, Evangelos, Bastien, Catherine, Benavides, Raquel, Bernier, Frédéric, Bodineau, Guillaume, Bastias, Cristina C., Charpentier, Jean-Paul, Climent Maldonado, José María, Corréard, Marianne, Courdier, Florence, Danusevicius, Darius, Farsakoglou, Anna Maria, García Del Barrio, José Manuel, Gilg, Olivier, González-Martínez, Santiago C., Gray, Alan, Hartleitner, Christoph, Hurel, Agathe, Jouineau, Arnaud, Kärkkäinen, Katri, Kujala, Sonja T., Labriola, Mariaceleste, Lascoux, Martin, Lefebvre, Marlène, Lejeune, Vincent, Le Provost, G., Liesebach, M., Malliarou, Ermioni, Mariotte, Nicolas, Matesanz, Silvia, Michotey, Célia, Milesi, Pascal, Myking, T., Notivol, Eduardo, Pakull, Birte, Piotti, Andrea, Plomion, Christophe, Pringarbe, Mehdi, Pyhäjärvi, Tanja, Raffin, Annie, Ramírez Valiente, José Alberto, Ramskogler, Kurt, Robledo-Arnuncio, Juan José, Savolainen, Outi, Schueler, S., Semerikov, Vladimir, Spanu, Ilaria, Thévenet, Jean, Mette Tollefsrud, Mari, Turion, Norbert, Veisse, Dominique, Vendramin, G. G., Villar, Marc, Westin, Johan, and Fonti, Patrick

Abstract

The dataset presented here was collected by the GenTree project (EU-Horizon 2020), which aims to improve the use of forest genetic resources across Europe by better understanding how trees adapt to their local environment. This dataset of individual tree-core characteristics including ring-width series and whole-core wood density was collected for seven ecologically and economically important European tree species: silver birch (Betula pendula), European beech (Fagus sylvatica), Norway spruce (Picea abies), European black poplar (Populus nigra), maritime pine (Pinus pinaster), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), and sessile oak (Quercus petraea). Tree-ring width measurements were obtained from 3600 trees in 142 populations and whole-core wood density was measured for 3098 trees in 125 populations. This dataset covers most of the geographical and climatic range occupied by the selected species. The potential use of it will be highly valuable for assessing ecological and evolutionary responses to environmental conditions as well as for model development and parameterization, to predict adaptability under climate change scenarios.

Published
2020

42. The GenTree Leaf Collection: Inter‐ and intraspecific leaf variation in seven forest tree species in Europe

Author

Jérémy Marchon, Alan Gray, Sebastian Richter, Christophe Plomion, René Graf, Francesca Bagnoli, Elisabet Martínez-Sancho, Volker Schneck, Frédéric Bernier, Vladimir L. Semerikov, Henry Bignalet, José Alberto Ramírez-Valiente, Ioannis Ganopoulos, Felix Gugerli, Agathe Hurel, Geir Ostreng, Sandro Morganti, Santiago C. González-Martínez, David López-Quiroga, Luc Puzos, William Brunetto, Raquel Benavides, Damien Bouic, Olivier Ambrosio, Filippos A. Aravanopoulos, Mirko Liesebach, Cristina C. Bastias, Veronique Jorge, Outi Savolainen, Stephen Cavers, Célia Michotey, Bernard Dokhelar, Mehdi Pringarbe, Enja Hollenbach, Camilla Avanzi, Silvio Schueler, José M. García del Barrio, Annie Raffin, Bruno Fady, Anna-Maria Farsakoglou, Olivier Gilg, Pascal Milesi, Sonja T. Kujala, Nicolas Mariotte, Florian Knutzen, Nicolas Cheval, F. J. Auñón, Céline Lalanne, Marc Villar, Catherine Bastien, Katri Kärkkäinen, Nicolas Poinot, Fernando Del Caño, Jan-Philipp Kappner, Florence Jean, Birte Pakull, Tanja Pyhäjärvi, Jørn Henrik Sønstebø, Rémi Dourthe, Ermioni Malliarou, Ivan Scotti, Timo Kumpula, Mariaceleste Labriola, Silvia Matesanz, Bernard Issehuth, Martin Lascoux, Jean Thevenet, Christian Rellstab, Marianne Correard, Ricardo Alía, Johannes Lambertz, Anne Eskild Nilsen, Eva Cremer, Christoph Hartleitner, Darius Danusevičius, Lars Opgenoorth, Fernando Valladares, Arnaud Jouineau, Ana M. Cabanillas‐Saldaña, José Climent, Audrey Albet, Jurata Buchovska, Benjamin Dauphin, Sergio San Segundo, Ilaria Spanu, Antonio Mas, Johan Westin, Eduardo Notivol, Juan J. Robledo-Arnuncio, Andrea Piotti, Evangelos Barbas, Robert Kesälahti, Andreas Fera, Mari Mette Tollefsrud, Helge Meischner, Grégoire Le Provost, Eduardo Ballesteros, Tor Myking, Bárbara Carvalho, Jean-Luc Denou, Katrin Heer, Giovanni G. Vendramin, Evangelia V. Avramidou, Norbert Turion, Patrick Fonti, Delphine Grivet, Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Unité expérimentale Forêt Pierroton (UEFP), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Forest Ecology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse [Palermo] (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Biologie intégrée pour la valorisation de la diversité des Arbres et de la Forêt (BioForA), Office national des forêts (ONF)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Vytautas Magnus University - Vytauto Didziojo Universitetas (VDU), Gobierno de Aragon, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Unité Expérimentale Entomologie et Forêt Méditerranéenne (UEFM), Bavarian Office for Forest Seeding and Planting, Partenaires INRAE, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Austrian Research Centre for Forests (BFW), Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LIECO GmbH & Co KG, Philipps Universität Marburg = Philipps University of Marburg, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), University of Oulu, Department of Ecology and Genetics [Uppsala] (EBC), Uppsala University, Thunen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Thünen Institute, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), Unité de Recherche Génomique Info (URGI), Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi=Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (UB RAS), Skogforsk - Swedish Forestry Research Institute, Horizon 2020. Grant Numbers: 676876, 4540-143AP, 6, 0032 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES (Brazil), European Project: 676876,H2020,H2020-SFS-2015-2,GenTree(2016), European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Comunidad de Madrid, State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (Switzerland), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Office National des Forêts (ONF)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centro de Investigacion Y Tecnologia Agroalimentaria de Aragon, Philipps Universität Marburg, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), and Centro de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agroalimentaria de Aragon (CITA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Specific leaf area, Population, Phenotypic variation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecology and Environment, Leaf functional traits, tree species, Fagus sylvatica, leaf functional traits, Leaf economics spectrum, Leaf size, education, intraspecific variability, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Global and Planetary Change, education.field_of_study, Ecology, biology, leaf economics spectrum, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Intraspecific variability, Botany, phenotypic variation, Botanik, Interspecific competition, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Forest genetic resources, Quercus petraea, Sample collection, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, European forests, Tree species
Abstract

[Motivation] Trait variation within species can reveal plastic and/or genetic responses to environmental gradients, and may indicate where local adaptation has occurred. Here, we present a dataset of rangewide variation in leaf traits from seven of the most ecologically and economically important tree species in Europe. Sample collection and trait assessment are embedded in the GenTree project (EU-Horizon 2020), which aims at characterizing the genetic and phenotypic variability of forest tree species to optimize the management and sustainable use of forest genetic resources. Our dataset captures substantial intra- and interspecific leaf phenotypic variability, and provides valuable information for studying the relationship between ecosystem functioning and trait variability of individuals, and the response and resilience of species to environmental changes., [Main types of variable contained] We chose morphological and chemical characters linked to trade-offs between acquisition and conservation of resources and water use, namely specific leaf area, leaf size, carbon and nitrogen content and their ratio, and the isotopic signature of stable isotope 13C and 15N in leaves., [Spatial location and grain] We surveyed between 18 and 22 populations per species, 141 in total, across Europe., [Time period] Leaf sampling took place between 2016 and 2017., [Major taxa and level of measurement] We sampled at least 25 individuals in each population, 3,569 trees in total, and measured traits in 35,755 leaves from seven European tree species, i.e. the conifers Picea abies, Pinus pinaster and Pinus sylvestris, and the broadleaves Betula pendula, Fagus sylvatica, Populus nigra and Quercus petraea., [Software format] The data files are in ASCII text, tab delimited, not compressed., All authors acknowledge support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement no. 676876 (Project GenTree). Laboratory work was also supported by other projects: COMEDIAS (CGL2017- 83170-R, Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities), REMEDINAL IV (TE-CM S2018/EMT-4338, Project of the Autonomous Community of Madrid, Spain), SPONFOREST (BIODIVERSA-3, PCIN-2016-055), and International Laboratory of Global Change (LINCGlobal 4540-143AP). The Swiss contribution was supported by the Swiss Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract no. 6.0032. BC was funded by a Scholarship from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES (Brazil).

Published
2021
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43. Importance of molecular typing in confirmation of the source of a national hepatitis A virus outbreak in Norway and the detection of a related cluster in Germany

Author

Guzman-Herrador, Bernardo R., Panning, Marcus, Stene-Johansen, Kathrine, Borgen, Katrine, Einöder-Moreno, Margot, Huzly, Daniela, Jensvoll, Laila, Lange, Heidi, Maassen, Sigrid, Myking, Solveig, Myrmel, Mette, Neumann-Haefelin, Christoph, Nygård, Karin, Wenzel, Jürgen J., Øye, Ann Kristin, and Vold, Line

Published
2015
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45. Genetic Structure in the Northern Range Margins of Common Ash, Fraxinus excelsior L.

Author

Mari Mette Tollefsrud, Tor Myking, Jørn Henrik Sønstebø, Vaidotas Lygis, Ari Mikko Hietala, and Myriam Heuertz

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

During post glacial colonization, loss of genetic diversity due to leading edge effects may be attenuated in forest trees because of their prolonged juvenile phase, allowing many migrants to reach the colonizing front before populations become reproductive. The northern range margins of temperate tree taxa in Europe are particularly suitable to study the genetic processes that follow colonization because they have been little affected by northern refugia. Here we examined how post glacial range dynamics have shaped the genetic structure of common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) in its northern range compared to its central range in Europe. We used four chloroplast and six nuclear microsatellites to screen 42 populations (1099 trees), half of which corresponded to newly sampled populations in the northern range and half of which represented reference populations from the central range obtained from previously studies. We found that northern range populations of common ash have the same chloroplast haplotypes as south-eastern European populations, suggesting that colonization of the northern range took place along a single migration route, a result confirmed by the structure at the nuclear microsatellites. Along this route, diversity strongly decreased only in the northern range, concomitantly with increasing population differentiation and complex population substructures, a pattern consistent with a leading edge colonization model. Our study highlights that while diversity is maintained in the central range of common ash due to broad colonizing fronts and high levels of gene flow, it profoundly decreases in the northern range, where colonization was unidirectional and probably involved repeated founder events and population fluctuations. Currently, common ash is threatened by ash dieback, and our results on northern populations will be valuable for developing gene conservation strategies.

Published
2016
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48. Hotspots of genetic resources for animals, plants and forests : lessons learned from case studies

Author

Phillips, J., Westergren, Marjana, Fjellstad, K. B., Bojkovski, Danijela, Bozzano, Michele, Bou Dagher Kharrat, Magda, Kraigher, Hojka, Lefevre, Francois, Maxted, Nigel, Perez-Espona, S., Sæther, Nina, Sturaro, Enrico, Šuštar Vozlič, Jelka, and Myking, Tor

Subjects
gozdarstvo, gozdovi, genetika, Genetic resources for a food-secure and forested Europe, udc:16, genetski viri, GenRes Bridge project, rastline, živali, ohranjanje
Published
2022

49. Bevaring av trærnes genressurser. Hva gjøres, og hvilken rolle spiller arboretene?

Author

Myking, Tor and Bakkebø Fjellstad, Kjersti

Abstract

Conserving genetic resources in trees. What is being done, and what role do arboreta play? Tor Myking and Kjersti Bakkebø Fjellstad discuss the role of arboreta in conserving tree ‘genetic resources’, defined as within species diversity in traits that are relevant for human use. This is compared to the neutral term, ‘genetic diversity’, reflecting within-species genomic variation. Both are pertinent in the context of human mediated climate change. Achievements in ‘in situ’ conservation of tree genetic resources (i.e., within natural populations) through European projects such as EUFORGEN are described. Arboreta instead present potential for ‘ex situ’ conservation. Examples are drawn from the Arboretum: Sorbus species and European holly (Ilex aquifolium).

Published
2022

50. Verdsettelse av Protector Forsikring ASA

Author

Myking, Eirik Kristoffer, Holstad, Rebecca Young, Hunt, Jesper Sebastian Schramm, and Tønnes, Haakon Andreas

Abstract

Formålet med denne bacheloroppgaven har vært å estimere egenkapitalverdien og deretter den reelle aksjekursen til Protector Forsikring. Vi benytter en fundamental verdsettelse i form av kontantstrømsanalyse, og vurderer resultatet opp mot markedsmultipler. Etter valg av problemstilling og metode, vil vi gi en kort presentasjon om Protector og forsikringsmarkedet. Deretter vil vi gjennomføre en strategisk analyse som skal belyse interne og eksterne faktorer som kan påvirke våre prognoser senere i oppgaven. Vi gjør en strategisk analyse for å få et mer nyansert vurderingsgrunnlag til videre analyser. Fra den strategiske analysen finner vi gode muligheter til vekst for Protector. I den finansielle analysen går vi i dybden på de ulike momentene i regnskapet til Protector Forsikring, for å kunne gjøre prognoser på fremtidig vekst. Analysene viser at Protector forventer stabil vekst fremover med noen justeringer, samt noe lavere utbyttegrad. Med utgangspunkt i den strategiske og finansielle analysen blir det estimert fremtidige kontantstrømmer fra 2022 til 2026. Avkastningskravet som blir benyttet er regnet ut med hjelp av kapitalverdimodellen. Vi gjennomfører deretter en diskontert kontantstrømsanalyse med fri kontantstrøm til egenkapitalen med beregninger fra CAPM. Den fundamentale verdsettelsen gir en egenkapitalverdi på 11 321 millioner kroner og en aksjekurs på 137,40 kr. Til slutt vurderes egenkapitalverdien og aksjekursen opp mot markedsmulitpler for å sammenlikne de nåværende tallene med markedssnittet. Ved å sammenlikne P/E og P/B mot snittet i markedet fant vi at Protector forsikring har en verdi på 152,87 kr per aksje. Vi har vektet fundamental verdsettelse ⅔ og markedsbasert ⅓. Dette ga oss en aksjeverdi lik 142,56 NOK per 01.03.2022, og vi gir dermed en kjøpsanbefaling. The purpose of this bachelors degree is to estimate the equity value of Protector Forsikring ASA, and further on the real stock price of the company. We use a fundamental valuation in the form of cash flow analysis, and evaluate the result against market multiples. After choosing the problem and method, we will give a short presentation about Protector and the insurance market. Then we will carry out a strategic analysis that will shed light on internal and external factors that may affect our predictions later in the thesis. We will make a strategic analysis to get a more nuanced valuation basis for further analyzes. From the strategic analysis, we find good opportunities for growth for Protector Forsikring. In the financial analysis, we go in depth on the various aspects of the accounts of Protector Forsikring, in order to be able to make predictions on future growth. The analyzes show that Protector expects stable growth going forward with some adjustments, as well as a somewhat lower dividend ratio. Based on the strategic and financial analysis, future cash flows are estimated from 2022 to 2026. The required rate of return is calculated using the capital value model. We then perform a discounted cash analysis with free cash flow to equity with calculations from CAPM. The fundamental valuation gives an equity value of NOK 11,321 million and a share price of NOK 137.40. Finally, the equity value and the share price are assessed against market multiples to compare the current figures with the market average. By comparing P/E and P/B against the market average, we found that Protector insurance has a value of NOK 152.87 per share. We have emphasized fundamental valuation ⅔ and market-based ⅓. This gave us a share value equal to NOK 142.56 as of 01.03.2022.

Published
2022

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